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PRACTICAL   COURSE 


WITH    THE 


GERMAN  LANGUAGE. 


BY 


W.  H.  WOODBURY,  A.M., 

AUTHOR  OP  "  NEW  METHOD  OF  LEARNING  TO  READ,  SPEAK,  AND   WRITE  THE  GERMAN 

LANGUAGE,"   "ELEMENTARY   GERMAN   READER, "     'ECLECTIC   GERMAN   READER," 

"  GERMAN-ENGLISH   AND    ENGLISH-GERMAN   READER,"    "  NEW    METHOD 

FOR  GERMANS  TO   LEARN  ENGLISH,"     "  NEUE  METHODE  ZUR 

ERLERNUNG  DER  ENGLISCHEN   SPRACHE," 

ETC.,  ETC. 


2Ber  frembe  ©pradjen  nicfyt  fennt,  tt?et§  nicfytS  wn  feincr  eignen. 


NEW  YORK  AND   CHICAGO: 

IVISON,   BLAKEMAN,  TAYLOE,  &  CO. 

1873. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1872, 

BY     W.     II.     WOODBURY, 
the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


c* 


University  Press  :  Welch.  Bigelow,  &  Co 
Cambridge. 


m 


PREFACE 


r 


With  grateful  acknowledgment  of  the  favor  which  for 
a  period  of  more  than  twenty  years  has  been  accorded  to 
the  New  Method  with  German,  —  and  accepting  as  the 
"  Reward  of  Merit"  the  compliment  of  its  Transatlantic 
publication,  —  the  author  has  endeavored,  in  preparing  the 
present  work,  to  render  it  still  more  worthy  of  public  ap- 
proval. This  work,  while  embracing  several  features  of  prac- 
tical value  not  contained  in  the  former  one,  is  based  upon 
the  same  general  plan.  To  the  marked  acceptance  of  this 
plan,  as  originally  tested  in  the  New  Method  and  sub- 
sequently in  Fasquelle's  French  Course,  has  been  added  the 
sanction  of  its  extensive  adoption,  with  various  modifications, 
both  in  American  and  European  compilations  for  the  study 
of  the  modern  languages. 

The  Lessons  in  the  Practical  Course,  as  in  the  New 
Method,  consist  usually  of  five  divisions  in  the  following 
order  : 

1.  Examples.  These  Examples,  accompanied  by  their 
nearest  English  equivalents,  are  made  to  illustrate  the 
grammatical  and  idiomatic  principles  which  are  involved  in 
the   Lessons. 

2.  Vocabularies.  In  order  the  more  effectually  to  guard 
against  the  tendency  to  ignore  the  importance  of  practising 
the  pronunciation  of  words,  as  arranged  in  connection  with 
their  definitions,  the  Vocabularies  are  placed  before  the  Ex- 
ercises.     By  this  arrangement,   also,   those   words  which  are 


4  PREFACE. 

alike  in  form  and  at  the  same  time  different  in  pronuncia- 
tion or  meaning,  in  the  two  languages  (as  Halter,  Mutter, 
Hunger,  Fuss,  rotten,  her,  &c),  may  be  duly  noted  by  the 
pupil  before  he  is  required  to  encounter  the  difficulties  con- 
nected with  the  various  grammatical  forms  and  principles  as 
practically  employed  in  the  more  complex  exercise  of  trans- 
lating. As  an  aid  to  the  memory  in  mastering  the  gram- 
matical distinctions  of  gender,  usually  so  perplexing  to  the 
beginner,  the  masculine,  feminine,  and  neuter  nouns  are 
grouped  separately.  Other  parts  of  speech,  for  convenience 
of  reference,   are  arranged  alphabetically. 

In  addition  to  the  usual  method  for  teaching  the  meaning 
of  words,  the  mnemonic  aid  of  association  is  made  largely 
available  by  means  of  references  from  the  Vocabularies  to  a 
system  of  Philological  Rules  with  Examples  illustrative  of 
the  form  and  meaning  of  such  words  as  have  in  both  lan- 
guages a  common  origin.  That  portion  of  the  system  which 
treats  of  Consonantal  Changes  and  Equivalents  includes  with 
German  and  English  several  other  cognate  languages.  The 
Examples  of  Vowel-changes  are  limited  to  German  and  Eng- 
lish words. 

3.  German  Exercises.  The  sentences  in  German  require 
only  the  application  of  the  instructions  contained  in  the 
Lesson,  or  in  the  preceding  ones,  for  their  translation  into 
English. 

4.  English  Exercises.  The  analogous  sentences  in  Eng- 
lish are  presented  in  immediate  connection  with  the  preced- 
ing ones  in  German.  The  principles  applied  in  the  German 
Exercises  are  thus  made  a  most  convenient  and  effective 
auxiliary  in  the  still  more  advanced  and  difficult  work  of 
translating  English  into  German. 

5.  Grammatical  and  Idiomatic  Principles.  This  division 
may  be  employed  by  means  of  the  references  either  in  con- 
nection  with   the   preceding  instructions,    or,    when    not    thus 


PREFACE.  •  O 

required,  may  be  applied  both  as  a  test  of  the  pupil's  pre- 
vious deductious  and  at  the  same  time  as  an  appropriate 
and  impressive  review. 

The  Lessons  are  peculiarly  progressive.  No  grammatical 
form  or  principle  has  been  permitted  to  add  undue  difficulty 
to  the  more  advanced  Lessons  for  the  sake  of  rendering 
easier  and  more  attractive  the  earlier  ones.  A  wholly  new 
and  practical  method  is  employed  from  the  very  outset  for 
the  illustration  of  the  characteristic  forms  and  uses  of  the 
Adjective  Words.  The  peculiar  perplexities  commonly  con- 
nected with  the  various  endings  of  these  words  as  applied 
to  designate  gender  are  essentially  remedied  by  employing, 
as  their  type,  those  forms  of  the  Personal  Pronoun  which 
(unlike  those  of  the  Definite  Article)  have  in  English  their 
precise  equivalents  both  in  respect  to  form  and  application. 
While  t>er,  t)ie,  ba3,  defined  by  the,  and  used  to  indicate 
gender,  appear  to  one  whose  linguistic  knowledge  is  limited 
to  English  utterly  incomprehensible,  the  forms  er,  he ;  jte, 
she ;  e£,  it,  on  the  other  hand,  require  no  explanation,  and 
once  seen  in  their  pronominal  use,  their  forms  and  applica- 
tion, as  gender-endings,  are  equally  intelligible. 

The  German  Script  is  arranged  as  well  with  reference  to 
its  separate  study  and  its  direct  comparison  with  the  printed 
alphabet,  as  to  the  widely  different  circumstances  which  of 
necessity  control  the  decision  of  the  teacher  in  respect  to 
the  time,  manner,  and  extent  of  its  application. 

The  Plan  of  Composing  German  in  the  present  work,  al- 
though mainly  the  same  as  in  the  former  one,  is  arranged 
with  a  view  either  to  an  earlier  and  more  extended  use,  or 
to  a  later  and  more  limited  one,  according  to  the  aim  or 
capacity  of  the  pupil  and  the  opportunity  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  proposed  exercises. 

In  accordance  with  the  plan  adopted  in  the  author's 
Neue   Methode   zur   Erlernung    der    englischen   Sprache,    the 


D  PREFACE. 

Practical  Course  embraces  in  connection  with  the  Reading 
Lessons  a  succinct  history  of  the  German  nation,  noting  its 
origin  and  relation  to  other  nations  of  Europe  and  Asia,  the 
development  and  prominent  features  of  the  German  Lan- 
guage, and  the  position  which  it  occupies  among  the  living 
languages  of  Europe.  This  history,  while  answering  the 
ordinary  purpose  of  Reading  Lessons,  serves,  likewise,  to  im- 
press upon  the  memory  both  the  forms  and  facts  of  the 
language  as  further  illustrative  of  the  philological  rules  pre- 
sented in  the  earlier  part  of  the  Course. 

Among  the  further  features  of  the  work  to  which  the 
author  would  invite  attention  are  the  Exercises  in  English 
type,  bringing  variously  into  review  the  peculiarities  of  the 
preceding  Lessons,  —  the  treatment  and  alphabetical  list  of 
the  Verbs  of  the  Old  Conjugation,   &c,  &c. 

While  special  care  has  been  taken  to  render  both  the 
analytic  and  synthetic  parts  so  complete  as  to  admit  of 
their  being  employed  separately,  according  to  the  choice 
of  method  in  the  study  of  the  language,  they  are  likewise 
designed,  as  occasion  may  require,  to  be  used  in  connection, 
and  hence  are  published  both  together  and  also  in  separate 
volumes. 

Thankfully  recognizing  the  friendly  aid  which  has  been 
received  from  several  gentlemen  of  eminent  linguistic  attain- 
ments, the  author  would  also  express  his  appreciation  of 
past  criticisms  by  asking  for  the  present  work  the  favor  of 
their  prompt  and  friendly  repetition. 


INDEX 


Lessons 
A. 

Adjectives  with  the  gen 

•) 

Lessons 
50. 

Abbreviations,  pp.  293  -  295. 

with  the  dat., 

12. 

9.;  52. 

9tber,  atlein,  benn,  ndrnltd),  uber, 

Adverbs, 

48. 

fonbern,  unb,                     8.  4.* 

,  formation  of, 

48.  1. 

Absolute  possessive  pronouns,         26. 

compounded  with 

preposi 

Accent,  pp.  20  and  21. 

tions, 

24.  3. 

Accusative  case,                          4.;  5.* 

,  position  of,  9.  9. ;  47.  7.,  8. 

,  and  9. 

STchten,                                        51.  4. 

2UIein,  see  after. 

Adjectives,    formation    of,    by 

»r,           l.  2. ;  21.  7. 

;  54.  1. 

and  3. 

means  of  suffixes  ifd),  er, 

SlUe,  all, 

54.  4. 

ig,  n,  en,  ern,             22.  4.,  5.,  6., 

2We3, 

29.  6. 

;  54.  2. 

and!. 

Alphabet,  p.  17. 

,  compounded  with  nouns, 

5Hm, 

21.  6. 

;  24.  2. 

adjectives,  numerals,  verbs, 

2fn, 

12.  8. 

;  24.  1. 

adverbs,  prepositions,            19.  4. 

SInbercr, 

54.  5. 

and  6. 

,  comparison  of,                          21. 

Anomalous  verbs, 

36. 

denoting  material,                22.  6. 

2ln3, 

24.  2. 

used  predicatively,     1.  3. ;  20.  1. 

2Ittftrf)ttcj, 

50.  1. 

used  attributively,     3.  1 . ;  20.  2. 

Slnfiatt, 

49.  1. 

and  7. 

Any, 

15.  6. 

used  substantively,                   22. 

Article,  omission  of, 

46.  6. 

and  7. 

used  adverbially,        1.  3. ;  20.  1. 

Stud), 

13.  1. 

,  Old  Declension,                   20.  2. 

9fef, 

24.  1. 

,  New  Declension,                  20.  2. 

9Iuf3, 

21.  8. 

24.  2. 

,  Mixed  Declension,               20.  2. 

9ht3, 

12.  1. 

with  the  ace,                          5.  2. 

Auxiliary  verb,  omission  of, 

27.  6. 

*  The  numbers,  except  when  the  page  is  indicated,  refer  to  Lessons  and  divisions  of 
Lessons  ;  thus,  8  denotes  the  Lesson,  and  4  the  division  of  the  Lesson.  Two  or  more 
numbers,  each  referring  to  a  Lesson,  are  separated  by  a  semicolon  ;  thus,  4. ;  5.  denote 
Lesson  4. ;  Lesson  5. 


INDEX. 


B. 


©atfeit, 

S5anf, 

SBegegnen, 

33egiertg, 

Set, 

SBeibe, 

33etbe$, 
33eim, 
33elet)ren, 
SBefinnen, 
SBefte, 
SBeroegen, 
23innen, 
©is, 
SHtten, 
Slciben, 
gSvennen, 
Sringen, 
By, 


12.  1. 


Lessons 

32.  2. 

18.  8. 
37.  1., 

50.  2. 
and  7. 

20.  11  j  54.  7. 
54.  8. 
24.  2. 

51.  2. 
51.  2. 
22.  3. 

35.  3. 
12.1. 
24.  4. 
31.1. 

37.1.;  40.1. 
36.1.;  38.  8. 

36.  2. 
12.  8. 


C. 


Capital  initials,  p.  21. 
Cardinal  numbers,  p.  125. 
Classified  list  of  nouns,  pp.  271-293. 
Collocation  of  words,  4' 

Comparative  view  of  German, 

English,  and  other  Cognate 

Languages,  pp.  24  -  27. 
Composing  German,  p.  63. 
Compound  consonants,  p.  17. 


Compound  verbs, 
ins 


Compound  words, 

,  accent  of, 

Conditional  mood, 
Consonants,  p.  19. 


Dative  case,  '• 
preceding  accusative, 


42. 

42.  1.  and  3. 
42.  2.  and  3. 

19. 
19.  5. 


3)aud)tett, 
Definite  article, 

,  declension  of, 

,  use  of,  14.2.; 

Demonstrative  pronouns, 
Denfett, 

£>enn,  see  ctkr. 
£>ennod), 

Der,  1.2.;  14.1.;  15.1.; 
and  2.-,  28.3.;  29. 
2)eren, 
Derjcmge, 
©erfelbe, 
2)c3,  be§, 
Deffen, 
Xfcjto, 

Determinative  pronouns, 
£iefer, 

,  declension  of, 

£<ic3,  biefcS, 
Diminutives, 
£)ingen, 
Diphthongs,  p.  18. 

Double  letters,  p.  17. 

£refd)en, 

£)imfen, 

£urd), 

2)  tr$3, 

£iirfen,  36-  4- 


4t; 


48.2. 

29.  6. 

52.;  53. 

7.3. 


Lessons 

36.  3. 

1.  2. 

14.  1. 

1.,  2.,  3., 

4.,  and  5. 

29. 

36.  2. 


47.  4. 
17.7.;  27.1. 
1.,  2.,  awd  3. 

29.  4. 


2h 


3.3 


omd  2. 
and  6. 

29.  5. 

29.  4. 
21.  13. 

•  28. 
1.  2. 

14.1. 

29.  6. 
;19.1. 

35.  2. 

47.  4. 

48.  2. 


30.  2. 

44.  3. 

5.  1.;  42.  3. 

24.  2. 

37.  5  <m#*  15. 


E. 

©gen,  13, 1L 
Gin,  p.  21. 

2  1.;  15.  1.;  20.  8.,  9.,  and  10.; 

'  26.  6.  and  7. 

©inanber,  JJ-  ^ 

©iner, 

emfatttg, 

(£imger, 

(Einmal,  „ 

©in  paar,  54>  iy' 


23.  3. 

1.  2.;  54.  11. 

23.  5. 


INDEX. 


(Sttel,  22. 

<£nt&inben,  entMofjen,   entfyalten, 

entftetben,  entlaben,  entlajten, 

entfe&en,  entttolmen, 
(Sntgegen, 


Sntlang, 

(£r,  fie,  e$, 

(Srfcarmen, 

©rfcfyretfen, 

fcrfi, 

£*, 

gffen, 

(£t»a«,  p.  21. 

,        15.  4.  <md  7. ;  22.  3 


51.  1. 
12.  1.  and  4. 
52.  1.  and  5. 


1.  1. 
51.  2. 

30.  4. 
24.  5. 

25.  1.,  2.,  <mrf  3. 

31.  2. 


54.  12. 


F. 

galten, 

§etylen, 

gtnben, 

golgen, 

Fractional  numerals, 

$veuen, 

8*r, 

Future  participle, 


G. 

©ctr,  gcmj  unb  gar, 

©e&dren, 

©ekn,  used  impersonally, 

©ebrecfyen, 


50.  1.  and  2. 
33.  2. 
44.  4. 
40.  1. 


37. 
23. 
51. 

50. 

40. 

5. 

24. 


41.  3. 


©ebenfen, 

©efallen, 

©egen, 

©egenitfcer, 

©ef>en,10.6. 

©eljoren, 

©eliiften, 

©emdfj, 

©en, 


13.  2. 

30.  6. 

13.  12. 

44.  4. 

51.  6. 

13.  8. 

5.1. 

12.  1.  and  4. 

7.;  40.1.;  44. 6. 

24.  1. 

51.  3. 

12.  1.  and  4. 

5.  1. 


Lessons 
Gender,  2.  2.,  3.,  and  4. 

of  compound  nouns,  19.  5. 

Gender-ending  words,  1.  2. 

,  declension  of,  14.  1. 

,  plural  of,  17.  7. 

General  vocabulary,  pp.  319  -  385. 
©enefen,  11. 2. 

Genitive  case,  6. ;  49. ;  50. ;  51. 

used  partitively,        50.  6.  and  7. 

©enug,  54.  13. 

©cm,  13.  7. 

©efdje^en,  11.  3. 

©eroatyr,  60. 1. 

©ettolmt,  50.  1.  and  2. 

©letc^en,  26.  5. 

©limmen,  35. 2. 


Wen,       9.7.;  10.6.;  36.7.; 
38.  1. 

6al&,  fatten,  fatter,         49.  2. 

barren, 

£auen, 

£etfkn,  34. 1. 

£elfen, 

£er,  48.  3. 

£ier, 

£tn,  48.  3. 

Winter, 

£>tnterm, 

■£>oren, 


I. 

Idiomatic  expressions, 


3ffa, 

3m, 

Imperative, 
Impersonal  verbs, 
3n, 

Indefinite  article, 

,  declension  of, 

numerals, 

pronouns, 


2.1. 


6. 

42. 
15.2. 
21.  8. 


37.2.; 
;  39.  1. 
20.  11. 
and  5. 

51.  5. 

33.  3. 
;  40.  1. 

40.  1. 
and  5. 

48.  2. 
and  5. 

24.  1. 

24.  2. 

40.  1. 


5.;  13.; 

;  43.  6. 

;  26.  3. 

;  24.  2. 

41. 

44. 

24.  1. 

2.  1. 

15.1. 

54. 

15.4. 


10 


INDEX. 


Lessons 

Lessons 

Infinitive, 

40. 

Sanger,  Icingere  3dt, 

22.  8. 

— — ,  formation  of, 

3.  2. 

Sanger  aid 

22.  8. 

Infinitive,  active,  with 

passive 

Sdngd, 

52.  1.  and  2. 

signification, 

10.  5. 

Sang|l, 

22.  8. 

■ answering  to  Eng 

.   pres. 

Saffen, 

37.  12. 

ar?^15.;  40.  6. 

part., 

10.  6. 

Sauter, 

22.  a 

as  subject  of  the  sentence,   40.  3. 

Sebenbtg,  p.  21. 

used  substantively, 

10.  6. 

Seer, 

50.  1  and  2. 

3nd, 

24.  2. 

Segen, 

40.  1. 

Interrogative  pronouns, 

15.  3. 

Sefyren, 

40.  1. 

words, 

7.  7.;  8.  7. 

Set, 

54.  15. 

Inversion  of  subject  and 

verb,        8.  4. 

Setben, 

13.  9. 

of  verb  and  object, 

8.  5. 

Semen, 

40.  1. 

of  independent  sentences,     47.  2. 

Scute, 

18.  10. 

3vgenb, 

54.  14. 

Stcgen, 

31.  1. 

Irregular  verbs,  see  Anomalous 

Sofjnen, 

51.  3. 

verbs. 

Sod, 

50.  1. 

Iterative  numerals, 

23.  4. 

Sofd)en, 
Sodfpred)en, 

35.  5. 
51.1. 

J. 

Siiften, 

51.  3. 

3ammern, 

51.  3. 

3e  . . .  je,   je . . .  bejh), 

je... 

M. 

um  fo, 

21.  13. 

sffladjen, 

40.  1. 

3eber, 

1.  2.;  20.  10. 

9flaMen, 

32.  4. 

3ebermamt,  p.  21. 

9Jfabnen, 

51.  2. 

, 

15.  4. 

9ftan, 

15.  4.  and  5. 

3emanb,  p.  21. 

9Kandjer, 

1.  2.;  54.  16. 

3ener, 
3cned, 

15.  4. 

1.  2. 

29.  6. 

SKand), 
9#angeln, 
Sflann, 

20.  5. 
44.  4. 
18.  8. 

%$m% 

22.  8. 

SWanndjen, 

19.  2. 

K. 

3Ke|T, 

22.  5.  and  10. 

Sttetn, 

2.1.;  17.7. 

fletn,                     2.  1.; 

17.  7.;  26.  6. 

Mfeit, 

35.  2. 

Reiner, 

54.  10. 

99Kf, 

42.  3. 
12.1. 

Bennett, 

36.  1.;  38.  8. 

smt, 

jftimmen, 

35.  2. 

8R5&tt, 

16.  6. 

$ommen, 

30.  1. 

Modal  auxiliaries, 

37. 

tfonnen,         36.  4.;  37. 

3.,  7.,  cwwZ  15. 

9ftogen, 

36.  4. 

37.  8.  awd  15. 

ffojten, 

53.  7. 

SR&att$ft, 
SRftbe, 

22.  8. 
50.  1. 

L. 

Multiplicative 

numerals, 

Sad)en, 

51.  7. 

9fluffen, 

36.  4. 

,  37.  9.  and  id. 
17.4. 

Saben, 

32.  3. 

Gutter, 

INDEX. 


11 


N. 
5fo4 

9?ad>  £aufe, 
ITdclfl, 

9?amltdj,  see  after, 
Sfteben, 

Sflzbmm, 

9?ennen,  36.  l.j  38, 

9?tc^t  roafjr,  tudjt, 

Stftcfyt  eljer,  al$  MS, 

«Rtc$t3,  p.  21. 


12.  1.,  4.,  a-»d  5. 
12.  6. 
12.  1. 


24.  1. 

12.  1. 

30.  3. 
40.  1. 

13.  3. 
24.  6. 


9?temanb,  p.  21. 


15,4.;  22.  3. 

15.  4. 
13.  6. 
1.;  2.;  3. 


Nominative  case, 

Nouns,  compounded  with  nouns, 
adjectives,  numerals,  verbs, 
adverbs,  prepositions,  19.  3. 

,  old  declension  of,  8.  2. 

,  new  declension  of,   16.  1.  and  2. 

,  mixed  declension  of,  16.  3. 

,  plural,  17.;  18. 

,  irregular  plural, 

,  table  of  declensions 

,  used  in  apposition, 

Numerals, 


18. 

17. 

17.  9. 

23. 


0. 


Ofr,  12.  1.;  52.  1.  andd. 

Dbgteid),  obfdjon,  obttofyl,  47.  3.  and  4. 
Dber,  see  aber. 

One,  13.  10. 

Ordinal  numbers,  p.  125. 

P. 

Participles,  41. 

,  comparison  of,  21.  12. 

Perfect  participle,  formation  of,  8.  3. 
Perfect  tense,  answering  to  Eng. 

imperf.,  10.  4. 
spfleseri,  11.  2.;  35.  3. 
Possessive  pronouns,  2.  1. 
,  declension  of,  15.  2. 


Lessons 
Prepositions  governing  the  ace,     5.  1. 

dat.,  12.  1. 

ace.  or  dat.,  24.  1. 

gen.,  49. 

gen.  or  dat.,  52.  1.,  2.,  3.,  and  4. 

gen.,  dat.,  or  ace.  52.  5. 

,  contraction  of,  with  the 

def.  art.,  24.  4. 

Present  tense,  use  of,  10.  2.  and  3. 
Pronouns  of  the  3d  pers.  used 

for  the  2d,  1.  4. ;  9.  2. 


Queflen. 


35.4. 


R. 


Reading  Lessons,  pp.  296  -  318. 
Reflexive  pronouns,     9.  4.  and  5. ;  25. 
Reflexive  verbs,  43. 

Relative  pronouns,  27. 

Relative  sentences,  position  of,    27.  3. 
^ennert,  36.  1.;  38.  8. 


S. 


©albeit, 

©ammt, 

Salt, 

©fatten, 

©djamen, 

<3d)Ietfen, 

<3d)tnet$en, 

<3d)nauben, 

©cfyrauben, 

<Sd)recfen, 

<Sd)roten, 

<Sd)uIbig, 

Sfymftm, 

<3eljen, 

<Sein, 

(Sett, 

Setbjr, 

©enben, 


33.  2, 
12.  1 

50.  1, 
35.  2 

51.  2 

34.  2 
35, 
35 
85, 
30. 
88, 


).  8.;  14.  3.  and  4.) 
37. 1.  and  3. ;  38.  1. 


50.  3. 

35.  4. 

40.  1. 
36.  9.; 
;  39. 1. 

12.  1. 

25.  8. 
;  .38.  8. 

25.  7. 


12 


INDEX. 


©te, 

9.  3. 

Verbs,   position  of,  in  subordi- 

©ieben, 

35.  2. 

nate  sentences,             8.  6. ;  47.  1. 

©ifcen, 

31.  1. 

,  new  conj.,                             10.  1. 

@o,  16.  7. ;  20. 11. ;  27. 1. ;  47.  3.  and  4. 

> ,  paradigm  of,                   45. 

©otfyrr,      1.2.;  20.8 

and  9. , 

28.  1., 

,  old  conj.,  11. ;  30. ;  31. ;  32. ;  33. ; 

7-; 

and  8. 

34.;  35.;  38.  7. 

@olc§, 

20.  5. 

, ,  paradigm  of,                   45. 

Sullen,    36.  4.;  37.  10. 

awe?  15. 

;  41.  7. 

, ,  formation  of  imperf,  11.  4. 

Some, 

15.  6. 

1 i  form,  of  perf.  part.,   11.  5. 

©onber, 

5.  1. 

, ,  first  class,                        30. 

©onbcrn,  see  after. 

, ,  second  class,                   31. 

©onfr, 

13.  6. 

, ,  third  class,                      32. 

©palten, 

33.  2. 

, ,  fourth  class,                    33. 

©pajtren, 

40.  1. 

, ,  fifth  class,                      34. 

©potten, 

51.  7. 

, ,  sixth  class,                     35. 

©tecfen, 

30.  5. 

, ,   connected  view  of 

©tefyen, 

36.  5. 

;  38.  7. 

root-vowels,                           35.  6. 

Subjunctive  mood, 

38. 

, ,   connected  view  of 

Subordinating  conjunctions, 

15.  8. 

rules  and  exceptions,  pp.  260 

-262. 

T. 

, ,  alphabetical  list  of, 

pp.  262-271. 

2ftun, 

36.6. 

;  38.  7. 

©erberften,                                 30.  4. 

£od)ter, 

17.  4. 

©erftc&ern,                                  51.  1. 

Streten, 

31.  3. 

©ertrojlen,                                 51.  2. 

Striefen, 

35.  2. 

©iel,                              54.  17.  and  18. 

£rofc, 

52.  1. 

©oil,                                             50.  4. 
©om,                                       42.  2. 

U. 

©on,                                  12.  1.  and  7. 

ttefter, 

24.1. 

;  42.  3. 

©on  gu  £aufe,                        12.  6. 

ttefterfuljren, 

51.  1. 

©or,                                         24.  1. 

lleftergeugen, 

51.  1. 

Vowels,  p.  18. 

Urn, 

51. 

42.  3. 

Urn  gu, 

10.  7. 

Umlaut,  p.  18. 
Urn  —  nritten, 

W. 

49.3. 

and  5. 

5Bagen,                                     35.  2. 

Unt3, 

24.  2. 

SBa&ren,                                     51.  4. 

tlnb,  see  after* 

SBafyrneftmen,                             51.  4. 

Unfafng, 

50.  2. 

SBatten,                                      51.  7. 

Ungeroofynr, 

50.  1. 

SBarten,                                     51.  4. 

ttttier, 

24.1. 

42.  3. 

2SaS,  15.  3. ;  22.  3. ;  27.  5.  and  7. ;  28.  5. 

28a$  fur,                                    15.  3. 

V. 

SBeften,                                      35.  2. 

SSegen,                             49.  4.  and  5. 

Verbs,  single  form  of 

conjuga- 

2Beift$en,                                   19-  2. 

tion, 

6.  4. 

SBenfym,                          34.2.;  37.1. 

INDEX. 


13 


Lessons 

SBettf>er,      1.  2. 

;  15.  3.  and  7.;  27.  1. 

a?w2  2. 

2BeI$e3, 

29.  6. 

2Bel<$, 

20.  5. 

SBenben, 

36.  l.j  38.  8. 

SBenig, 

54.  17.  and  18. 

SBenn, 

15.  8.;  47.  3. 

2Ber, 

15.  3. ;  27.  7. ;  28.  5. 

SBerben,     14  6. ; 

36.8.;  37.1.;  38. 1,; 

39.  1. ;  45.  1.  and  2. 

&erif, 

50.  1.  and  5. 

2Be$,  we§, 

29.  5. 

2Btber, 

5.  1.;  42.  3. 

SBie, 

13.  5.;  47.  3. 

SSteber, 

42.  3. 

SBiegen, 

35.3. 

SBteatelfie, 

23.  1. 

SBiffen, 

36.  4. 

SMen, 

36.4.; 

37.  11.  and  15. 

2Bort, 

18.  8. 

2Bimbern, 

51.  2. 

SBiirbe, 

Z. 

16.  6. 

3u,   12.1., 

5.,  awd  7. 

;  20.11.;  46.  7. 

Bufotge, 

52.  1.  and  4. 

Bitfrteben, 

50.  1. 

3u  £aufe, 

12.  6. 

3um, 

21.  8.;  24.  2. 

3ur, 

24.  2. 

3uwtber, 

12.  1.  awe?  4. 

3»if$en, 

24.1. 

14:  GERMAN    CURRENT-HAND. 

©roge  $8ufy\taUn.  Capital  Jctte. 

ABC  D  ( r/E  F        /<X  G     /yn  l 

IK 


^/r/  ^ 


J  K 


MWMW 


T  U  V 


■>;u£vza„ ^ctz 


^^- 


SCH  ST 


JEU  AU  AI  (A/  EI  A  A/    EU 


JUcitie  33udifto&en. 


SSmall  ^titers. 


<2> 


^tx^^tj^ 


^?y    ^fc 


^ ^ 


^ 


/9 


^^4- 


w^?< 


-M'      ^Xl 


J 


s  s 


^TJ  ^<^J/J  ^jb  ^JS* 


p 


&■■ 


^f^^t* 


^y^^v 


^//^/^  ^//^p^ 


^ 


/^/^      y/py 


GERMAN    CURRENT-HAND.  15 

Srfte  Slufgabe.  <f  irst  ferrist. 


C^^t^z^<zz^z<z^     J^&-zz^--C-z^z<z^ 


-z-z<z^^ 

a 

*^/^z<z>^z>^6 ^c^r^z-z^z-^ 
C^t^r-^x^L<zJi^z^z^ 


is 


$^ 


-zz^z^ 


-^^£<%3^Z^Z>Z^Z£>^Z^^^ 


16  GERMAN    CURRENT-HAND. 

3n>eite  Shtfgabc.  ^etonb  femse. 


^'O^L^fPTC^     ts^JC- 


<^^7r^ 


£^J^%^^*J^ 


^fg^t^ZZ- 


^^g>g^^i>f^ 


ALPHABET. 

17 

KWatet. 

Alphabet. 

German. 

English. 

Names. 

Examples  in  Pronunciation. 

%  a. 

A,  a. 

Ah. 

tilt 

%al 

Sftttt 

SB,  B. 

B,   b. 

Bay. 

©all. 

8a$tt. 

in. 

G,   c. 

C,   c. 

Tsay. 

(£eber. 

(£ere3. 

Getfe. 

%  b. 

D,  d. 

Day. 

Sarin. 

$ar. 

33atb. 

<g,  c. 

E,   e. 

A. 

@nbe. 

{$6en. 

(S&e. 

»,  f. 

F,   f. 

Eff. 

Sett 

«fc. 

ffanb. 

*  9. 

G,  g- 

©e.1 

^ege. 

Seflen. 

$arg. 

§>  !)• 

H,  h. 

Hah. 

§elb. 

©eljen. 

§atfe. 

3,   i. 

I,    i. 

E  (i,  pique). 

3&i$. 

»flfc 

$3tng. 

3,  i- 

J,    j. 

Yote. 

3a. 

3ebcr. 

3a*r. 

$t,  t 

K,  k. 

Kah. 

tamnt. 

terfer. 

Bennett. 

8,    I. 

L,   1. 

Ell. 

8  a  mm. 

5Itte^. 

fitnbe. 

aw,  m. 

M,  m. 

Emm. 

SRir. 

2tm. 

SRilbe. 

SR,  n. 

N,  n. 

Enn. 

itttfe. 

£)ann. 

Harr. 

0,  0. 

0,   0. 

Oh. 

Otjm. 

33ate. 

23ott. 

¥,  #. 

P,   p. 

Pay. 

gjcter. 

Stappt. 

qjore. 

O,  q. 

Q,  q. 

Koo. 

0ua(. 

Outtte. 

Ouette. 

9t,  r. 

R,  r. 

Err  (13). 

Rettcr. 

£)er. 

ttabe. 

®,  f,l. 

,     S,    s. 

Ess. 

Samen. 

Dal. 

Sefen. 

X,  t. 

T,   t. 

Tay. 

$We. 

matte. 

Safel. 

tt,  u. 

U,  u. 

Oo  (ooze). 

mu. 

S3rut. 

©lit 

$,  a. 

V,   v. 

Fow. 

Nation. 

Cater. 

Setter. 

29B,  to. 

W,  w. 

Vay  (18). 

gaffer. 

(Srtoin. 

UButtber. 

X,    J. 

X,   x. 

Ix. 

£a&er. 

£cre. 

Mfi. 

»,  9. 

Y,   7- 

Ipsilon. 

$pern. 

Gtyrus. 

Stjbten. 

3,  a- 

Z,    z. 

Tset. 

gotte. 

.gufcer. 

$att$er. 

JC. 

&c. 

(it.  f.  f.  =  unb  fo  fort ; 

etc.  =  and 

so  forth.) 

1  ©,  as  ] 

pronounced 

in  the  alphabet,  has  its  guttural  sound  as  in  rejJC  (10). 

#ufammenncfeftte  Gonfonanten 

Compound  Consonants  and 

unb  urr5o|)|)cltc  ©udjfia&en. 

Double  Letters. 

rf)  (A)  =  ■ 

tsay-hah ; 

rf  (ck)  =  tsay-kah  ;      f  (fj  (sch) 

=  es-tsay-hah  ;     ff  (#). 

n  (*)  = « 

2S-tay  ; 

ft  (sz)  =  es-tset 

;       fc  (^ 

=  tay-tset ; 

ee  (ee). 

Letters  when  doubled  are  pronounced  separately  :  \ 

ff=f — f,  not  double  f,  &c. 

18  VOWELS.  UMLAUTS.  DIPHTHONGS. 

Rotate.  Vowels. 

1.  The  vowels  are  tt,  C,  t,  fl,  U,  t),  and  are  pronounced  as  follows : 
%  a  like  a       in  ah,        -marl :    $ab.        ©aal.        ©tatt.        ML 

(Uf  c  like  e       in  jw«y,  very ;  (£be(.  «£>eer.  Alette.  (£rbc 

$,  i  like  i       in  pique,  ill :  £>tr.  33ilb.  iltnb.  SRtppe.. 

Ot  0  like  o       in  no,  not :  Dben.  SWoor.  SWotte.  2ot\ 

tt,  tt  like  o,  oo  in  do,  moon  .*  Unten.  £unb.  ©utter.  ttftr. 

$,  |)  like  i       in  fetr,  ©ilt»  :  gjfop.  Styx,  ©grup.  2B»tf. 

2.  Vowels  are  lengthened,  1.  when  doubled  ;  2.  at  the  e?ic7  of 
accented  syllables,  and  3.  in  a  syllable  with  silent  fj  : 

©ctat,  leer,  SWooS ;  $aben,  lefen,  SD^ine,  ©ote,  $uber,  (Egrud ;  mat)ten,  £efy(er,  tf)tt, 
^l,  ru&t,  ©tufcl;  SPaar,  laben,  befynen,  Scaler,  ?c. 

3*    3>  h  m  l°n&  when  followed  by  c  in  the  same  syllable  : 
Stefce,  fyter,  x>ier,  me,  $ricbe,  ftekn,  £>teb,  £)ief)(e,  93tene. 

4.  Towels  are  shortened  (gefdjarft),  1.  when  followed  by  a  dou- 
ble consonant,  and  2.  often,  when  followed  by  two  consonants : 

$<Me,  SWejTer,  tettig,  SRotte,  ©uppe ;  Zaftig,  belter,  filter,  $oIfier,  munter. 

t 

ttmlattte.  Umlauts. 

5.  The  umlauts  are  $(c  or  tt,  ©C  or  5,  Ue  or  it,  and  are 

pronounced  as  follows : 

5le,  a  nearly  like  e  :      STepfel.        partner,  fpat,  8ejfo 

Ocr  0  as     in      Del.  3>5bel.  ®ott)e.  9JJo»e. 

tte,  it  as     in      Uebung.      Gutter.  (Sub.         SHifo 

For  i)  and  ii  there  are  in  English  no  corresponding  sounds.  The  French 
eu  in  pair  answers  nearly  to  0,  and  u  in  the  word  vu,  to  ii.  The  C  of  the 
umlauts,  unless  they  are  capitals,  is  usually  expressed  hy  two  dots,  as  in  the 
above  examples. 

StMttjonge.  Diphthongs. 

6.  The  diphthongs  are  ttt  (or  ttt)),  ttU,   Ct  (or  Ct))>  CU,  tttt,  and 

are  pronounced  as  follows  : 

9lt,     at  (or  at)),  like  ay  in  aye :     6at.  2RaiS.  2aifc.  2Ratn. 

9ltt,    au,  like  <m  in  fcowsc  :  £au3.       WlauZ.  %au.  dlaub. 

(&i,     Ct  (or  el)),  like  i     in  die :      Settu        $em.  $eit.  2eib. 

(Sit,    CU,  like  oi  in  o#;       gute.  ■  £eu.  9fteute.  Sfrftttt. 

5lCtt,  Ott,  like  ett  in  §eu :     ^aufer.     SlcugeTn.  ©aumeu.  SWufcer. 


CONSONANTS.  19 

Gonfottuntett.  Consonants. 

7.  8,  b,  f,  %  t,  I,  m,  n,  j,  q,  y,  &>  rt,  ff  sound  like 

b,    d,  f,   h,  k,    I,    m,    n,    p,    q,    x,  ck,  ph,  ss  in  English. 

8.  (£,  C,  before  a,  0,  U,  sounds  like  k ;  before  a,  0,  C,  t,  I),  it 

sounds  like  j  (£s) : 

<£afle,  £ompa§,  Gur;  Gafar,  <£5Ifoat',  (£eber,  GtrcuS,  EgmM. 

"9.  ©5/  fy*  I*  m  worQ,s  taken  from  foreign  languages,  retains 
its  original  sound  j  2.  when  followed  by  f  (0)  in  the  same 
syllable,  it  has  the  sound  of  k;  3.  in  other  positions  it  has 
a  guttural  sound  : 

Sfjor  (choir),  (E&arlatan  (charlatan) ;  Dd)fe,  2Bad)3,  fe$3 ;  nad),  0iad)e,  fad)t, 
Sod),  £)od)r,  33ud)e,  $ud)en,  £ud),  9taud),  taudjen,  1)0  d). 

1.  To  produce  the  guttural  sound  of  dj,  take  for  experiment  the  word 
Ipod}  ;  pronounce  fid  precisely  like  our  word  ho !  giving,  however,  as  full 
and  prolonged  a  breathing  at  the  end  as  at  the  beginning,  thus  hoh  =  Ijodj. 

2.  When  not  preceded  by  Q,  0,  U,  or  Hit,  as  also  in  the  suffix  djett,  a 
slight  hissing  sound  of  sh  naturally  attaches  to  d) : 

red)t,  id>,  retd),  end),  icbd)crn,  btd)t,  m$d)te,  Str^e,  Serene. 

10.  ©,  g,  at  the'beginning  of  a  word,  or  when  doubled,  has 
the  sound  of  g  in  ^>,  niggard ;  after  tt  in  the  same  syllable,  it 
sounds  like  our  g  hard  in  like  position  : 

©abel,  gut,  <£gge ;  ©anger,  lang,  33tngen,  3T$tung,  fRi&elmtgeit. 

At  the  end  of  a  radical  syllable,  or  in  the  combinations  gg,  gb,  gt,  0$, 
its  sound  approaches  that  of  guttural  dj  (9.)  : 

SKagen,  SBogen,  Sugenb,  £ag,  £rog,  flrug,  Sflagb,  SugS,  lugt,  logfi,  arg,  Salg, 
<£gel,  Setpstg,  trage,  Suge,  SRagbe,  S&gte;  legte,  fdgjt,  2)egen,  ntogen. 

11.  §,  5,  unless  it  begins  a  syllable,  is  silent,  but  serves  to 
lengthen  its  vowel  : 

me$r,  l'of)n,  t&un,  2Kcu)f,  tym,  fiU)n,  Stfjne,  D$m,  <Sof)n,  £a$n. 

12.  3,  j  sounds  like  y  consonant  : 

3a§r,  3ube,  Sanuar,  3uM,  jener,  3unfer,  j'eber,  3ager,  jung. 

13.  91,  f,  unless  in  an  unaccented  syllable  or  after  a  long 
vowel,  is  uttered  with  a  trill  or  vibration  of  the  throat : 

$egen,  Sfcofcr,  rein,  arg,  fWarf,  mix,  barren,  ©pane. 


20  ACCENT. 

14.  (g>,  f,  at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable,  has  a  sound  between 
that  of  z  and  5  : 

<Sofyn,  ©itnbe,  ftnb,  gefunb,  <Sanb,  <Sumpf,  <StegeI,  fac^te,  <5aoel. 

1.  Sdjlltft  8  (final  g)  instead  of  f  is  employed  at  the  end  of  a  syllable, 
except  when  ff  is  used  : 

®a$,  9>ot3bam,  auSfpredjen,  roeiSfagen,  jc,  but  SBafler,  efl*en,  *c. 

2.  The  sound  of  f  before  p  or  t  at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable,  as  recog- 
nized by  German  orthoepists,  is  between  that  of  f  dj  and  the  lisping  f  ;  for 
this  sound,  however,  there  is  an  extensive  provincial  substitution  of  the 
f $  sound  : 

<Spiel,  ©pom,  <Spra*e,  (Stadjel,  ©tanb,  ©tuljl,  auSfteflen,  jler&en. 

15.  (S>(f),  fdj  sounds  like  sh  : 

<5d)Ub,  ©djiff,  rafd),  £ifd),  grofdj,  ©djaf,  fdjarf,  £afd)e,  mifaen. 

16.  X,  t  sounds  like  £  in  tes£  ;  in  words  taken  from  Latin  or 
French,  {  sounds  like  3,  when  in  English  t  sounds  like  sh  : 

£ert,  %xt ;  (Station'  (pronounced  Sto-Jl^on),  station,  Nation', 

17.  95,  t)  sounds  like  /  in  fit  ;  in  foreign  words  it  sounds  like  v : 

Setter,  ©esat'ter ;  Sene'big,  $erfaiae$,  33anba'Ie,  Vermont', 

18.  SB,  tU  has  a  sound  between  that  of-w  and  v ;  after  a  con- 
sonant in  the  same  syllable  it  sounds  somewhat  like  w : 

2Bdt,  SBaffer,  ©cfymaloe,  fdjtmmmen,  jtoet,  grt>an3ig/  jtt>in<$en. 

19.  Q,  J  sounds  like  ts  : 

Qaty,  3a$n,  3)clg,  3inn,  3tmmer,  $oIji,  3ange,  gtemen,  gittern. 

20     i  $  (f°rme(i  of  f  and  j)  sounds  like  ss  )  and  never  begin 
)  ty  (formed  of  t  and  j)  sounds  like  J  i         a  word  : 

glujj,  fltefjen,  3>lafc,  nufclid),  liej,  *Ru§,  3>ufc,  <5d)ufc,  fla&e. 


Accent.  Accent. 

21.   Words  take  the  primary  accent  on  the  first  syllable, 
unless  otherwise  noted  : 

<S^rup,  9>apier',  geoen,  verge'ben,  potter,  gefol'tert,  barter,  aemar'tert. 

1.    Tn  words  compounded  with  a  separable  particle  (L.  42.),  or  with  the 
prefix  Utt,  the  primary  accent  is  on  the  first  syllable  : 

aft  fatten,  afcgefaUen,  tttta.efdl%  ungettoljnltd),  Utttudjtia,,  Uttpaffenb. 


CAPITAL    INITIALS.  21 

2.  (gt  final  and  also  tt*  (or  itx),  in  verbs  ending  in  ireit  (or  tcrcn),  take 
the  accent : 

©djreifcerei',  XmUx',  polt'ren,  jhibi'ren,  Tt^ft'ren,  ntarfd)i'rett. 

3.  Foreign  words  that  have  dropped  the  original  endings  usually  take 
the  accent  on  the  last  syllable  : 

2Tbmtral',  eontrajV,  Gontraff,  Slltar',  Salfon',  <Earbmal\ 

4.  Foreign  words  that  have  taken  German  endings  are  generally  accent- 
ed on  the  penult ;  those  that  remain  unchanged  in  form  often  retain  the 
original  accent  : 

9fyot&e'fer,  frcmao'fifd),  Me'gtum,  SJMnifte'rium,  (Eonftjto'riunu 

5.  Other  words  are  accented  on  the  radical  or  primitive  syllable,  thus 
corresponding  to  our  words  of  Saxon  origin  : 

SBtnbmuljle  (windmill),  greunbfcfyaft  (friendship),  »erfle'I)en  (understand), 
»erbit'ten  (forbid). 

iicbf n'btg  is  the  only  exception  to  this  rule. 

6.  In  German,  as  in  English,  the  accent  is  often  varied  for  the  sake  of 
contrast  or  emphasis  : 

(£r  ijl  nid)t  licfeljrt,  fonbern  ticrfe^rt.     He  is  not  converted,  but  averted. 

©rofte  Wnfangebudjftabcn.  Capital  Initials. 

22.  In  German,  capital  initials  are  used  1.  in  nouns  and 
words  used  as  nouns ;  2.  in  pronouns  of  the  third  person,  used 

for  the  second  (L.  l.);  3.  in  gcbcrmann,  Semanb,  and  *Riemanb, 

and  in  dttottS  and  9Htf)t3  used  substantively;  4.  in  (£m,  as 
distinguished  from  the  article  ;  and  5.  in  adjectives  derived  from 
names  of  2)ersons  and  places  (not  of  countries)  : 

£)er  SKann  l)6rt  bad  ©tngen  bed  £lei*  The  man  hears  the  singing  of  the 

neit.  little  (one). 

3d)  fef)c  3cmctnb ;  cr  fcrtngt  mtr  (£ttt>ad,  I  see  somebody ;  he  brings  me  some- 

aber  nid)td  SBcrtfysotled  (L.  22.  3.).  thing,  but  nothing  valuable. 

2)iefed  (Sine  $)ferb  tft  fiir  <5ie,  bad  anbrc  This  one  horse  is  for  you,  the  other 

ijl  fiir  3fyren  ^rcunb.  is  for  your  friend. 

Ta$  fcreufctfdje  33tau  ijl  etne  SIbart  bed  The  Prussian  blue  is  a  variety  of 

tm  IMwel'ft&en  Safeorato'rium  erfun*  the  Berlin  blue,  invented  in  the 

benen  ©erli'ner  SBlau.  laboratory  of  Dippel. 


22 


EXERCISES    IN    PRONUNCIATION. 


lltfiungen  in  tier  9lu8f$irai!}c.    Exercises  in  Pronunciation. 

23.  There  are  in  every  language  peculiar  sounds  which  re- 
quire to  be  repeatedly  heard  before  they  can  be  uttered,  —  heard 
not  only  in  disconnected  articulations,  but  as  modified  in  words, 
pronounced  both  separately  and  in  sentences.  The  only  suc- 
cessful guide  of  the  voice  to  a  correct  pronunciation  is  a  care- 
fully educated  ear. 


Masculine. 
Der£agifUell(L.2.2). 
The  day  is  light. 
Der  9ttonb  ifl  Meid). 
The  moon  is  pale. 
Der  <5d)ttee  ifl  rcetfj. 
The  snow  is  white. 
Der  9eubin'ifl  rotb. 
The  ruhy  is  red. 
Der  eta&l  ift  l)art. 
The  steel  is  hard. 
Der  Sleiftift  iff  fyai 
The  pencil  is  hard. 
Der  Sepptd)  tfl  fdjon. 
The  carpet  is  beautiful. 
Der  teller  tfl  tier. 
The  cellar  is  deep. 
Der  Slbler  ift  fittm. 
The  eagle  is  bold. 
Der  SBcir  tfl  wtlb. 
The  bear  is  wild. 
Der  £o»e  briillt. 
The  lion  roars. 
Der  SBolf  fault. 
The  wolf  howls. 
Der  £unb  Mt. 
The  dog  barks. 
Der  grofd)  quaft. 
The  frog  croaks. 
Der  SBegel  Ttngt. 
The  bird  sings. 
Der  £afyn  fraty. 
The  cock  crows. 


Feminine. 
Die  5Ra#t  iff  bunfel. 
The  night  is  dark. 
Die  (Sonne  ifl  faifj. 
The  sun  is  hot. 
Die  Suft  ifl  warm. 
The  air  is  warm. 
£)ie  So&le  ifl  fdjworg. 
The  coal  is  black. 
Die  ©etbe  ifl  fein. 
The  silk  is  fine. 
Die  $eber  ifl  neu. 
The  pen  is  new. 
Die  Xoiire  ifl  fletn. 
The  door  is  small. 
Die  $itd)e  ifl  fletn. 
The  kitchen  is  small. 
Die  ©and  ifl  fett. 
The  goose  is  fat. 
Die  £afce  ifl  fdjlau. 
The  cat  is  sly. 
•Die  ihtfc,  ntuljt. 
The  cow  lows. 
Die  3teg,e  ntecfert. 
The  goat  bleats. 
Die  5?a£e  mtaut. 
The  cat  wauls. 
Die  33iene  fummt. 
The  bee  buzzes. 
Die  Sercfa  trillert. 
The  lark  warbles. 
Die  (£nte  fdjnattert. 
The  duck  quacks. 


Neuter. 
DaS  Sak  tfl  lattjj. 
The  year  is  long. 
Dad  ^Better  ifl  gitnfltg. 
The  weather  is  favorable. 
Dae  ©offer  ift  fait. 
The  water  is  cold. 
Dad  ©olb  ift  gelfc. 
The  gold  is  yellow. 
Dad  Ceber  ift  ttvid). 
The  leather  is  soft. 
Dad  33ud)  ifl  alt. 
The  book  is  old. 
Dad  ftenfter  ifl  fad). 
The  window  is  high. 
T>a^  £aud  ifl  gro§. 
The  house  is  large. 
Dad  9?otl)fef)ld)en  tfl  fcfan. 
The  robin  is  pretty. 
T>a^  Stalb  tfl  fcraun. 
The  calf  is  brown. 
Dad  $ferb  ttiefart. 
The  horse  neighs. 
Dad  <S$af  bloft. 
The  sheep  baas. 
1)a^  i*amm  fptelt. 
The  lamb  plays. 
Dad  (£id)farnd)en  flettert. 
The  squirrel  climbs. 
Dad  £dd*en  fyitpft. 
The  hare  jumps. 
Dad  £ul)nd)en  ptept. 
The  chicken  pips. 


EXERCISES    IN    PRONUNCIATION. 


23 


Singular. 
Der  S3erg  ift  f)od). 
Tlie  mountain  is  high. 
Der  tfntjj  tjl  t)p()l. 
Tlie  pitcher  is  hollow. 
t>tt  jammer  ift  ein  SBerfjeug. 
The  hammer  is  a  tool. 
Der  ©trumpf  itf  »on  23offe. 
The  stocking  is  of  wool. 
Der  ©djufy  ift  son  ©tanjleber. 
The  shoe  is  of  patent  leather. 
Der  ©ticfel  ifi  ya  rocit. 
The  boot  is  too  wide. 
Der  g>antof  fel  ift  ncu. 
The  slipper  is  new. 
Die  SBirne  ift  rrif. 
The  pear  is  ripe. 
SDfc  SRofe  ijl  cine  23lume. 
The  rose  is  a  flower. 
Die  ftebcr  ift  etn  <Sd)reibgcrdtbe. 
The  pen  is  a  writing  instrument. 
Die  ;ftad)tigaU  ift  em  ©imruogel. 
The  nightingale  is  a  singing  bird 
Die  <3d)tt>albc  ift  ein  3ua»pgel. 
The  swallow  is  a  bird  of  passage. 
Die  gafyne  flatten. 
The  flag  flutters. 
Die  U()r  pitft. 
The  clock  ticks. 
Dad  9iab  ift  nmb. 
The  wheel  is  round. 
Dad  ©lad  ift  jerbredjlid). 
The  glass  is  brittle. 
Dad  £aud  ijl  ein  ©ebdube. 
The  house  is  a  building. 
1)ni  3immer  ift  gvofj. 
The  room  is  large. 
Dad  Stiffen  tfl  tteid). 
The  pillow  is  soft. 
Dad  flameel'  ift  ein  i'afttfner. 
The  camel  is  a  beast  of  burden. 
Dad  33eild>en  btiil)t. 
The  violet  blossoms. 


Plural. 
Die  JBerge  finb  ijod). 
The  mountains  are  high. 
Die  ftriige  finb  fyofyl. 
The  pitchers  are  hollow. 
Die  jammer  finb  3Berf^euae. 
The  hammers  are  tools. 
Die  ©trinnpfe  finb  ttott  SoUe. 
The  stockings  are  of  wool. 
Die  ©duifye  finb  »on  ©lansleber. 
The  shoes  are  of  patent  leather. 
Die  ©tiefel  finb  ju  roeit. 
The  boots  are  too  wide. 
Die  $antoffel  finb  neu. 
The  slippers  are  new. 
Die  33irnen  finb  reif. 
The  pears  are  ripe. 
Die  $ofen  finb  SMunren. 
The  roses  are  flowers. 
Die  $ebcrn  finb  <Sd)reiba.erdtf)e. 
The  pens  are  writing  instruments. 
Die  ^iad)tit3allen  finb  ©togwgel. 
The  nightingales  are  singing  birds. 
Die  Sd)tt>alben  finb  3uavi>a,el. 
The  swallows  are  birds  of  passage. 
Die  ^a&nen  flattem. 
The  flags  flutter. 
Die  Uliren  picfen. 
The  clocks  tick. 
Die  ftdber  finb  runb. 
The  wheels  are  round. 
Die  ®ldfer  finb  *erbred)ltd). 
The  glasses  are  brittle. 
Die  £dufer  finb  ©ebdube. 
The  houses  are  buildings. 
Die  Bintmer  finb  grop. 
The  rooms  are  large. 
Die  $tffen  finb  roeid). 
The  pillows  are  soft. 
Die  itamecle  finb  I'afttbjer. 
The  camels  are  beasts  of  burden. 
Die  23eild)en  bliifyen. 
The  violets  blossom. 


COMPARATIVE   VIEW   OF   GERMAN,   ENGLISH,  AND 
OTHER   COGNATE   LANGUAGES. 

Indo-European  (Indo-Germanic  or  Aryan)  is  the  usual  desig- 
nation of  the  great  body  of  kindred  nations  which  overran  near- 
ly all  Southwestern  Asia  and  the  whole  of  Europe.  Although, 
as  descendants  of  one  common  stock,  they  all  shared  originally 
a  common  language,  yet  their  different  dialects  gradually  di- 
verged into  eight  distinctive  families  or  groups  of  languages, 
one  of  which  is  the  Teutonic  (see  pp.  309-318). 

The  Teutonic  Family  comprises  the  Gothic,  the  Germanic, 
and  the  Scandinavian  languages. 

The  cessation  of  Gothic  as  a  vernacular  language  dates  from 
the  overthrow  of  the  Visigothic  kingdom  in  Spain  by  the  Ara- 
bians A.  D.  711. 

The  Germanic  branch  of  the  Teutonic  family  embraces  High 
German,  Old  Saxon,  Friesic,  Anglo-Saxon,  Low  German,  Dutch, 
and  English. 

High  German  is  distinguished  as  Old  High  German  from  the  6th  to  the 
12th  centuries  ;  as  Middle  High  German,  from  the  12th  to  the  16th  ;  and 
as  New  High  German  (i.  e.  the  present  language  of  Germany),  from  the 
16th. 

The  Scandinavian  languages  are  Old  Norse  or  Old  Scandi- 
navian, Icelandic,  Norwegian,  Swedish,  and  Danish. 

The  Teutonic  languages  are  distinguished  from  all  others  of 
the  Indo-European  families  by  the  systematic  changes  of  the 
Mute  Consonants,  called  "  Lautverschiebung,"  Progression  of 
Mutes.  The  mute  consonants  of  the  Indo-European  languages 
are  divided,  according  to  the  organs  by  which  they  are  ex- 
pressed, into  Linguals  (from  Lat.  lingua,  tongue),  t,  d,  dh ; 
Labials  (from  Lat.  labia,  lips),  p,  b,  bh ;  and  Gutturals  (from 
Lat.  guttur,  throat),  k,  g,  gh.  These  consonants  are  classed  as 
1.  surd  mutes,  t,  p,  k ;  2.  aspirate  mutes,  dh,  bh,  gh ;  and 
3.  sonant  mutes,  d,  b,  g.  These  mutes  have  undergone  the 
following  changes  : 

Surd  mutes  (t,  p,  k)  have  become  in  the  Teutonic  languages  aspirate  (th,  ph,  kh). 
Aspirate  "  (dh,  bh,  gh)  have  become  in  the  Teutonic  languages  sonant  (d,  b,  g). 
Sonant  mutes  (d,  b,  g)  have  become  in  the  Teutonic  languages  snrd  (t,  p,  k). 


RELATION    OF    GERMAN    TO    ENGLISH. 


25 


In  Old  High  German,  however,  the  progression  has  advanced 
still  another  step  ;  the  aspirate,  sonant,  and  sui°d  mutes  having 
become  sonant,  surd,  aspirate,  respectively,  thus  reaching  the 
limit,  since  a  third  step  would  bring  them  back  to  the  degree 
of  the  other  Indo-European  languages,  surd,  aspirate,  sonant. 

In  Middle  and  New  High  German  only  the  Linguals  have 
fully  accepted  the  second  step,  while  the  Labials  and  Gutturals 
have  mostly  gone  back  to  the  degree  of  the  other  Teutonic 
languages. 

For  the  aspirate  mutes  ph  and  kh  the  Teutonic  languages  have  substi- 
tuted the  spirants  f  and  h.  The  aspirate  lingual  th  has  disappeared  in 
High  German,  Low  German,  Dutch,  and  the  modern  Scandinavian  lan- 
guages ;  in  Old,  Middle,  and  New  High  German,  th,  at  the  beginning  of 
a  word,  has  given  place  to  $  (z),  in  the  midst  or  at  the  end  of  a  word,  in 
Old  High  German,  to  z,  in  Middle  High  German,  to  z  or  zz,  and  in  New 
High  German,  to  J,  ft,  ff,  or  §. 

In  accordance  with  these  laws  are  deduced  the  following 
results  : 

Linguals. 

*•     t.    3,  ft,  ff,  S. 

(1.       t.  z. 

th.  d.       t. 

th.    d.  t. 

th.     d.  t. 

th.  d.       t. 

t.    e.       8. 


\  New  High  German. 
\  Old  High  German. 
/  Gothic. 
\  Icelandic. 
)  Anglo-Saxon. 
'  English. 
Greek. 


Labials. 

Gutturals. 

f. 

6.      P,  f. 

1. 

0. 

r,*. 

f. 

p,b.  f,P. 

h. 

k,g- 

ch,  k. 

f. 

b.      P. 

h. 

g- 

k. 

f. 

b.      p. 

h. 

g- 

k. 

f. 

b.      p. 

h. 

g- 

k. 

f. 

b.     p. 

h. 

g. 

k. 

ir. 

*.     P- 

K. 

X- 

Y- 

In  the  above  table  are  grouped  the  Mute  Consonants  of 

1.  New  High  German  and  Old  High  German  ; 

2.  Goth.,  Icel.,  A.-S.,  and  Eng.,  representing  the  Teutonic  languages, 
except  High  German  ;  and 

3.  Greek,  which  represents  all  other  Indo-European  languages. 

There  are  in  the  Teutonic  languages  besides  the  Mutes  two 
other  classes  of  consonants,  spirants  and  liquids.  The  spirants, 
—  lingual  s  (and  in  Eng.  z),  labial  W  and  V,  guttural  j  (and 
in  Eng.  y),  also  f  and  h,  as  above  stated,  —  have,  as  a  rule, 
remained  unchanged  in  all  Teutonic  languages,  or  are  wholly 
dropped.  The  changes  which  the  liquids  (1,  m,  n,  r)  have 
undergone  are  limited  to  a  few  exchanges  (p.  26.  21.,  22.)  among 
each  other. 


26 


RELATION    OF    GERMAN    TO    ENGLISH. 


Illustrations  of  the  preceding  Rules. 


1. 

1. 

-2 

9 

K 

3S 

2. 
3. 
3.' 
4. 

5. 

6. 

ft 

1  8. !  b 

s>13.  |j  = 


Eng.  Gr.  ;N.  H.  German.  0.  H.  G.       Gothic.        A.-S.  English.       Greek. 

th=T  J33ruflcr.  8.,1  87.  pruocZar.bro^ar.  broo?/tor.  Brother.  qbpaTqp. 

drie.        thwis.     thrie.  Three,   rpds. 

tuvi.         diiiuo.    r/uro.  Door.      Qvpa. 

gam  Jan.  tfamjan.  Caiman.  Tame.     ha,uai>. 

herza.      hairdo,    heorite.  Heart.     Kap&id. 

fuoz.         fofas.       fot.  Foot.   irovs,iroSos. 

ezan.       ita,n.       eteai.  Eat.         e&eiv. 

hva.        hwal.  What. 


;th=T  $rct.  104. 
:d=e!2hcr.  83. 
.  t  =S  §a$mtn.  91. 


t  =8 
t  -8 
t-8 

t  =- 


"3. 


wa~. 


£crj.  10., 
BN*  7.,  8 
(Sffen.  73. 
m&  19- 

$itr.  95.            /uri.       /aur. 
$ud)e.  86.,  4b*.  jpuocha.  6oka. 
©efearen.  66.,  92.  fteran.     ftairan. 
£anf.  71.,  23.    hana/. 


f  =7T 

b 
P 

h  =k  }0alm. 
g=x !@arten.  2. 
•k=-y|ftnie.  108. 
k=-!23retf|en.  73. 


halm.      7?alam. 
fcarto.      ^ards. 
cAniu.      &niu. 
brec/ian.  bri&an. 


/or. 
iece. 
ieran. 
hene^>. 

h&lm, 

</eard. 
&neo. 
brecan. 


For.  irpo.  26. 

Beech.  fyrryos. 

Bear.  fyepeu/. 

Hemp.  K&vva$is. 

Halm.  KaXa/ios. 
Grarden.\o/07-os. 

Knee.  yow. 

Break.  


N.H.G. 


14. 
14. 
15. 
16. 

|17- 

218. 

§•19. 
19. 
19. 
20. 
20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

.24. 

1 24. 

|24. 

^25. 

26. 

26. 


f 

frf) 

ri= 
A 

m 
tu 
id 
to 
i 

l  V 

I 

I 

n 
r 
r 
r 

f 
ro 
re 


26.  LUr 


s 

s 

sh2 

sc2 

s2 

w 

wh3 

wh:J 

wh3 

y; 

=r 
n 
m 

:S5 
:S5 


or* 
ur5 
rou( 


N.  H.  German. 

Sonne.  81. 
£aug.  10.,  100. 
Sdjtlb.  78.,  62. 
Sdjelten.  76.,  2. 
Sdjlafen.  70.,  9. 
SSinb.  61. 
2Belct>.  72.,  37.,  46. 
SBer.  76. 
2Bo.  84. 
3a.  68. 
jener.  76. 

ffeffel.  5. 
@d>Ianae.l7.(M.H, 

Mention.  74. 
Mnn.  35.,  97. 
©at.   18. 
$rieren.  108. 
(£ifen.  107. 

33rcnnen.  75. 
Durcb.  1.,  88.,  48. 


0.  H.  G. 

sunn  a. 
hus. 

s£ilt. 

sceltan. 

slafan. 

wint. 

hwelih. 

hwer. 

/iwar. 

j'a. 

f/ener. 


Gothic, 
sunna. 
hus. 
scildus. 

slepan. 

t-inds. 

/mleiks. 

hvo. 

hvar. 

jet. 

jains. 


A.-S. 

sunna. 

hus. 

scild. 

slaepan. 
wind. 

hwilc. 

htOSL. 

lllC'AY. 


Sun. 

House. 

Shield. 

Scold. 

Sleep. 

Wind. 

Which. 

Who. 

Where. 
in.  Yea. 

geondan.  (Yonder). 


fezera.       

G.s/ange.)-= 

nem?zan.   narawjan 


fetor. 


kinsan. 

was. 

friosan. 

isan. 

hros. 

brrnnan. 

darh. 


kinsan. 

vas. 


brinnan. 
ihairh. 


naiman, 

ceosan. 

was. 

freosan. 

iren. 

hors. 

bernan. 

thwrh. 


Fetter. 

Snake. 

Name. 

Choose. 

AVas. 

Freeze. 

Iron. 

Horse. 

Burn. 

Through. 


1  The  appended  numbers  refer  to  figures  in  columns  on  pp.  26  and  27. 

2  From  the  Ungual  spirant  the  hissing  sound  fdj  (Eng.  ah)  has  been  developed. 

3  The  labial  spirant  w  in  N.  H.  G.  is  often  a  contraction  of  h  and  w. 

4  The  guttural  spirant  j  in  N.  H.  G.  occurs  only  as  initial  sound  and  generally  answers 
to  y  in  English. 

5  In  N.  H.  G.  as  in  Eng.  the  lingual  spirant  has  in  some  instances  been  changed  to  r. 

6  The  liquid  r  in  some  words  has  been  transposed. 


RELATION    OF    GERMAN'  TO    ENGLISH. 


27 


With  the  following  examples,  as  exceptions  to  the  preceding 
rules,  are  included  those  of  many  other  consonantal  changes 
which  have  occurred  daring  the  development  of  the  two  lan- 
guages : 


27.  6  =  f 

28.  b  =  v 

29.  ft=p 

30.  fc=t 

31.  f  =  v 

32.  g  =  gh 
33-  g=y 

34.  g=  — 

35.  f  =  ch 

36.  j=e 

37.  (  =  — 

38.  p  =  f 

39.  |i  =  b 

40.  f=d 

41.  f  =  z 

42.  t  =  th 
43.tt  =  th 

44.  t  =  t 

45.  D  =  f 

46.  (ft  =  eh 


23ei&.  107.       wife. 
VLebel.  98.,  72.  evil. 
93trne.  78.        pear. 
$t(fo.  50.         tight. 
ieufel.2.,102.,72.  devil. 
aWg.   2.,  105.  dough. 
Jag.  2.  day. 

JRegel.  75.         rule. 
ftafc.  90.  cheese, 

ftommcn.  come. 

Sold).  81.,  46.  such, 
fllt^e.  36.       cliff. 


$olfter.  52.  bolster. 

85fe.  93.  bad. 

©fafer.  11.  glagier. 

2kter.  45.  father. 

SWutter.  87.  mother. 

bittern.  3.  titter. 

$o(l.  81.  full. 

tftrdje.  77.  church. 

46.  (ft^chjfteillf).  107.  rich. 


47. 

dj=tch 

48. 

i$=gh 

49. 

tftj=x 

50. 

djt=ght 

51. 

ft=lt 

52. 

fi  =  st 

53. 

tr=tr 

54. 

d=dg 

55. 

tf=k 

56. 

d=ck 

57. 

4>f=P 

58. 

*f=--PP 

59. 

fc=t 

60. 

*  =  e 

61. 

nb^nd 

62. 

lt»  =  ld 

63. 

lg  =  llow 

64. 

rg=rrow 

65. 

0=— 

66. 

flc=— 

67.uer= 

SSadjjen.  18. 
£od).   1.,  80. 
®ed)g.  72. 
s)?adjt  69. 

£eft.  74. 
Steht.  106. 
3Erauen.  99. 
©rude.  96. 
Sadcr.  91. 
©tod-  82. 
9ftt$t.  50. 
XaJlfiT.  2. 
8M$.  18. 

Saul. 

©oll>.  11. 
Jolgen.  7. 
3orgc.  14. 


watch. 

though. 

six. 

night 

haft. 

Stone. 

trow. 

bridge. 

baker. 

stick. 

plight. 

dapper. 

wit. 

place. 

land. 

gold. 

follow. 

sorrow. 


l?)cnug.  aa.,  32.  enough. 
©Cbitvt.89.,42.birth. 
SBerltcrcn.  109.,  24.  lose. 


In  the  following  table  are  exemplified  some  of  the  numerous 
vowel  changes ;  specific  rules  being  omitted  for  want  of  space  : 


68.  n=ea 

69.  0  =  i 

70.  tt  =  ee 
7i.tt=e 

72.  e  =  i 

73.  c=ea 

74.  e  =  a 

75.  c  =  u 

76.  c  =  0 

77.  t=U 

78.  t=ie 

79.  t  =  ea 

80.  o  =  ou 
8i.o=u 

82.  o  =  i 

83.  O-OO 

81.  o  =  e 

85.  tt  =  00 

86.  u=ee 

87.  tt  =  0 


fllar.  36. 
SWttcfct.  50. 
(Stttbl.  52. 
3Bttnn.  19. 
£>enfen.  1. 
Cernen. 
fflecben.  13. 
Kegel.  34. 


clear, 
might, 
steel. 

when, 
think. 

learn. 

rake, 
rule. 


<Scbtt>Crt.l7.,  2.  sword. 


Ktnncii. 
©cfctlb.  15. 
<3i&.  59. 
Dod).  1.,  48. 
Donner.  1. 
$0d).  48. 
2Konb. 
ffiotb.  2. 
»U#.  13. 
©rucft.  46. 
gltd)$.  49. 


run. 

shield. 

seat. 

though. 

thunder. 

high. 

moon. 

red. 

hOOk. 

breech. 

fox. 


88.  u  =  ou!g)funb.  57.,  61.  pound. 


89. 

u  =  i 

90. 

ii  =  ee 

91. 

ii  =  a 

92. 

ii  =  ea 

93. 

o  =  a 

94. 

o  =  e 

95. 

it=o 

96. 

ii=i 

97. 

ii-oo 

98. 

ii  =  e 

99. 

ou=ow 

100. 

au=ou 

101. 

ou=o 

102. 

eu=e 

103. 

eu-ie 

104. 

ei  =  ee 

105. 

et=ou 

106. 

ei=o 

107. 

et=i 

108. 

ie^ee 

109. 

ie=o 

SBttnfd).  15. 

wish. 

ftttfe.  35. 

cheese. 

Sfibmen. 

lame. 

Biibre.  3. 

tear. 

©Ofc.  40. 

bad. 

3»filf.  3.,  31. 

twelve. 

23itd)fe.  49. 

box. 

gttnf.  31. 

five. 

flubl.  36. 

cOOl. 

Ucbcl.  28.,  72. 

evil. 

23rUUn.  8. 

brown. 

$taus.  14. 

mouse. 

dauber.  8. 

robber. 

Jeufcl.2.,31.,72.  devil. 

ftrcunb.  61. 

friend. 

$rci.  7. 

free. 

SLetq.  2.,  32. 

dough. 

3»ei  3. 

two. 

Brcetg.  3. 

twig. 

Stene.  8. 

bee. 

£ieben.  28. 

love. 

28 


LESSON   1. 


ficltion  1, 

NOMINATIVE   CASE. 

Masculine. 
er,  he; 
Wef*er, 


Lesson  1. 

WORDS   AND    ENDINGS    DENOTING   GENDER. 

Neuter. 

eg,  it. 

i>ief=eg,  this. 


id)  Mn,  I  am. 

cr,  fie,  eg  ift,  he,  she,  it  is. 

roir  ftnb,  we  are. 

fie,  Ste  ftnb,  they,  you  are. 

Skifjuele. 

dr  x\i  alt,  ftc  ifl  jung,  eg  if*  neu. 

®er  SWann  ift  alt,  bte  ftrau  if!  jung,  baa 

£au3  t|t  neu. 
liefer  9flann,  btefe  %xan  unb  btefeg 

$tnb  ftnb  utfrte'bem 
£a3  2Better  ifl  fefr  warm. 
<5tnb  *Sie  mitbe  ? 
3a,  tdj  bin  fe^r  mitbe. 

SBortertoerjeidjnifc. 

$er  9ttann,  the  man. 

£ie  ftxau,  the  woman. 

$ttg  flinb,  the  child. 

£>a3  Staffer,  the  water,  ff  =  t.  p.  26. 

£a3  ^Better,  the  weather. 

Slfcer,  but. 

Sfrm,  poor. 

£>a,  there,     t)  =  th. 

£)ort,  yonder. 

grau  ©tarf,  Mrs.  Stark. 

f^rduletn  3tbler,  Miss  Adler. 

£err  better,  Mr.  Keller. 

£ei£,  hot.    et  =  O  ;  ft  =  t. 

£ter,  here,    ie  =  e.   p.  27. 

3a,  yes,  yea.    j  =  y. 


Feminine. 

fte,  she; 
t>tef=e, 

Sein,  to  be. 

id)  war, 


I  was. 

cr,  fie,  eg  tt>ar,    he,  she,  it  was. 
nur  waren,  we  were, 

fie,  @ie  ftaren,    they,  you  were. 

Examples. 

He  is  old,  she  is  young,  it  is  new. 
The  man  is  old,  the  woman  is  young, 

the  house  is  new. 
This  man,    this   woman,    and  this 

child  are  contented. 
The  weather  is  very  warm. 
Are  you  tired  ? 
Yes,  I  am  very  tired. 

Vocabulary. 
3eb*er,  *C,  *Cg,  every  (either.  fc  =  th). 
Sender,  *e,  *Cg,  that  (yonder,  p.  26). 
flair,  cold.    t=d. 
Slutt,  cool,    u  SB  OO. 
9cetn,  no. 
9ctc6t,  not. 
$ei<fc,  rich,    et  =  i. 
Unb,  and.    U  =  a. 
Unutfrteben,  discontented. 
SKtarm,  warm. 
SBeldHr,  st,  't$,  which.  J 
2Ber,  who.  [  p.  26. 

2Bo,  whore. 
3u  £aufe,  at  home. 
3ufrie?ben,  contented. 


NOMINATIVE    GENDER-ENDINGS.  29 

drftc  Kufgalie. 

1.  @r  ift  f)ier ;  fte  ift  ba ;  e£  ift  bort.  2.  2Ber  ift  tyter  ?  tver  ijt 
ba?  toer  ift  bort?  3.  £)er  s)#ann  ift  fcier;  t>ie  gran  ift  ba ;  ba* 
$inb  ift  bort.  4.  2Betd)er  Sftann  ift  reidj,  nnb  weldjer  Sftatui  ift 
arm  ?  5.  liefer  Siftann  ift  reidj,  unt)  jener  9)iann  ift  arm.  6.  £>iefe 
gran  ift  nid)t  reicfy,  aber  fte  ift  $nfneben.  7.  <£>iefe$  $inb  ift  git* 
frieben,  jenes  ift  nnjnfriebcn.  8.  £err,  gran  unt)  graiiCetn  Star! 
ftnb  in  Hamburg,  9.  ©inb  £err  nnb  grau  better  in  Bremen? 
10.  9ton,  fte  [tub  in  23onn.  11.  2Bo  ift  £err  2Wer?  12.  (Sr  ift 
gn  £anfe.  13.  3ft  jeber  tylann  gnfrieben?  14.  9?ein,  unb  nid)t 
jeber  9Jtann  ift  nnjnfrieben.  15.  2Baren  (Ste  in  Berlin'  ?  16.  9tein, 
id)  roar  in  £>re$ben.  17.  SBaren  ©ie  in  Berlin?  18.  9ktn,  nur 
roaren  in  Bremen.  19.  £>a$  ^Better  ijt  ffijl,  after  nidjt  fait. 
20.  Da«  SCaffer  ift  warm,  aber  es  ift  nid)t  fyeif. 

Exercise  2. 
1.  Where  are  the  man,  the  woman,  and  the  child1?  2.  The 
man  is  yonder  j  the  woman  and  the  child  are  here.  3.  Which 
man  is  contented  and  which  man  is  discontented  1  4.  This 
man  is  contented  and  that  man  is  discontented.  5.  Is  this  man 
rich  and  that  man  poor?  6.  No,  this  man  is  poor  and  that  man 
is  rich.  7.  Not  every  man  is  contented.  8.  This  child  is  poor, 
but  it  is  contented.  9.  That  woman  is  rich,  but  she  is  dis- 
contented. 10.  Is  Mr.  Stark  at  home?  11.  No,  he  is  in  Ham- 
burg. 12.  Are  Mrs.  and  Miss  Adler  in  Hamburg'?  13.  No, 
they  are  at  home.  14.  Who  is  that  man  ]  15.  It  is  Mr.  Stark. 
16.  Where  are  you  ]  17.  We  are  here ;  we  were  yonder.  18.  He 
is  discontented.  19.  The  water  was  warm,  but  not  hot. 
20.    The  weather  was  not  cold,  but  it  was  cool. 

©ramma'ttfdjcS.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Personal  Pronoun,  in  German  as  in  English,  has  a 
distinctive  form  for  each  gender ;  namely, 

er,  he;    fie,  she;    el,  it, 


30 


LESSON   2. 


2.  The  Masculine  er,  the  final  letter  of  the  Feminine  fie,  and 
the  Neuter  c3,  are  also  the  distinctive  endings  of  the  following 
ten  words,  which  may  be  appropriately  called  gender-ending 
words  : 

Masc.        Fern.        Neut. 
etltdwer,    et(td)=e,    etltd)*e0,   some. 
mand)=erf  mand^C,  mandyt§,  many  a. 
fctdKr,    fold^e,    fotdnS,    such. 
wddytr,  xot\&)*t,   weld)=e$,   winch, 
bet,         tie,        bttS,        the. 

As  the  only  exception,  the  neuter  article  ends  in  &$,  instead  of  t$. 

3.  Adjectives  are  used  predicatively  and  adverbially  without 
change  of  form  : 


Masc. 

Fern. 

Neut. 

btef-er, 

btefce, 

btef=eg, 

this. 

jen-cr, 

jen=e, 

jer^eS, 

that. 

ieb-er, 

jeb-e, 

ieb*e$, 

every. 

all=er,    • 

all*e, 

all-c0r 

all. 

etnt^cr, 

etmg=C, 

emigres, 

some. 

£iefer  2ttann  ift  flei&ig. 
£)iefer  CWann  arfcettet  flei^ig. 
2)iefe3  £ud)  ift  fetn,  jeneS  \\t  grob. 


This  man  is  diligent. 
This  man  works  diligently. 
This  cloth  is  fine,  that  is  coarse. 


4.  Pronouns  of  the  third  person  plural  are  often  used  as  the 
second  (9.  2.*)  person  of  both  numbers,  and  are  then  written 
with  capital  initials  : 

9Bo  .ttaren  @te  gefiern  ? 
2Btr  ttaren  ju  £>aufe. 
28c  ttarett  <3te  geftcrn  ? 
3d)  t»ar  fyier. 


Where  were  you  yesterday  ? 
We  were  at  home. 
Where  were  you  yesterday  ? 
I  was  here. 


Milan  2. 


Lesson  2. 


NOMINATIVE    CASE.       DISTINCTIVE    ENDING    OF    THE    FEMININE. 
GENDER    OF    NOUNS. 


Masculine. 

Feminine. 

Neuter. 

em, 

ein-c, 

em,  a,  an. 

mem, 

mettle, 

mem,  my. 

*  The  first  number  in  parenthesis  designates  the  Lesson;  where  there  is  but 
one  number,  it  refers  to  a  division  of  the  Lesson  in  which  it  occurs. 


FEMININE    GENDER-ENDING. 


31 


SBetfJiiele. 

(Etn  9flann,  einc  %tau  unb  etn  Jttttb 

tuaren  §ter. 
Sftein  35ater  unb  meine  Gutter  roaren  gu 

£aufe. 
#ert  Starf,  fete  ©ofjn  unb  feme  Softer 

rooimen  in  Duffelborf. 
ftrau  Slitter,  t&r  9feffe  unb  ifyre  fRid&te 

roarcn  ba. 
J>«rt  [tub  3$r  9to(f,  3N  2Befre  unb  3&r 

Safdjentud). 


Examples. 

A  man,  a  woman,  and  a  child  were 

here. 
My  father  and  my  mother  were  at 

home. 
Mr.  Stark,  his  son,  and  his  daughter 

reside  in  Diisseldorf. 
Mrs.  Ritter,  her  nephew,  and  her 

niece  were  there. 
Yonder  are  your  coat,  your  Vest,  and 

your  handkerchief. 


SSorterberjctdjnife. 

$CT  ©ruber,  the  brother,    fc  =  th. 

Der  greunb,  the  friend,    eu  =  ie. 

Dcr  £unb,  the  dog  (hound,   u  =  OU). 

Der  itaifer,  the  emperor. 

Der  itonig,  the  king,    b  =  i. 

Der  Wadjbav,  the  neighbor,    dj  =  gh. 

Der  <Sd)Iitffel,  the  key. 

Der  <2tofn,  the  son. 

Der  @ttu)l,  the  chair  (stool,  tt  =  oo). 

2>er  Iruria&n,  the  turkey. 

Dcr  Sttfcr,  the  father,    i  =  th. 

£ie  <Ente,  the  duck. 

Die  £>ennc,  the  hen. 

Die  jh$,  the  cow.    u  =  ow. 

Die  Gutter,  the  mother,    tt  =  th. 

Die  (S^roefrer,  the  sister. 

Die  £inte,  the  ink. 

Die  2od)ter,  the  daughter,    dj  a  gh. 


Vocabulary. 

%a§  93u4  the  book,    d)  =  k. 

DaS  $ferb,  the  horse. 

9Ilr,old.    c  =  o;  t  =  d. 

Deutfd)lanb,  Germany. 

Dicf,  thick,    u  =  th. 

©Ut,  good  ;  well ;  t  =  d. 

3t)r,  3for*e,  your. 

3cfct,  now. 

Swift  young,    j  a  y. 

9?eu,  new.    eu  =  ew. 

Sefcen,  live,    c  =  i ;  6  =  v. 

Dejterreidj,  Austria, 

$reu§en,  Prussia. 

<Sein,  fein^e,  his. 

Ungarn,  Hungary. 

ttnfer,  unfer^e,  our. 

©on,  of. 

,3u,  to,  too.    $  =  t. 


$ritte  9lufgok. 

1.  £)ort  ftnb  etn  Wlann,  etnc  $rau  unb  etn  $mb.  2.  9ftetn 
Cater  unb  meinc  Gutter  ffrtt>  gn  £awfe.  3.  ffitin  23ruber  unb 
meine  <Sd)n>efter  (eben  jeijt  in  -Jpotfanb.  4.  ©a  ftnb  etn  #unb,  etne 
Stu$  unb  etn  $ferb.  5.  £ter  ftnb  etne  ipenne,  etne  ©nte  unb  etn 
Jrwttjafjn.  6.  #err  $al)(,  fein  (Sotjn  unb  fetne  £ocftter  ftnb  unju* 
frieben.     7.   ?D?ein  9lad>bar,  £err  better,  unb  fein  B^eunb,  £err 


32  LESSON   2. 

^eimer,  Teben  je£t  in  (England.  8.  SBareit  ©ie,  3fyr  93rnt>er  unt> 
3tyre  (5d)mefter  in  Hamburg  ?     9.  9ltin,  »tt  ivaren  in  Bremen. 

10.  SO^ein  s£ater  nnt)  meine  ^ntter  (tnt>  ait  11.  Wttim  ©d)n>efter 
ijt  jung.  12.  9flein  <stu$l  ift  nid)t  alt ;  er  (2.)  ift  nen.  13.  £er 
$onig  son  $>ren£en  ift  ber  tfatfet  son  £)entfd)lant>.  14.  £er 
jtaifer  son  Defterreid)  ift  t>er  ^imig  oon  Ungarn.  15.  23er  ift 
tiefer  SRann  ?  16.  S*  ift  nnfer  9?ad)bar,  £err  Sterner.  17.  Un- 
fere  Gutter  ift  in  DreSben.  18.  Diefc  Sinte  ift  nicfyt  gnt;  fie  (2.) 
ift  $u  t>icf.     19.  £)er  9ttann  bort  ift  reid),  aber  er  ift  nid)t  jufrieben. 

20.  3ft  ciefer  <Sd)liijfel  nen?     21.  fttin,  er  (2.)  ift  alk 

Exercise  4. 

1.  Here  is  a  dog,  there  is  a  cow,  and  yonder  is  a  horse. 
2.  Is  Mr.  Handel  your  neighbor  1  3.  He  is  my  friend,  but  he 
is  not  my  neighbor.  4.  My  father  and  my  mother  live  in 
Weimar.  5.  This  man  is  your  friend,  this  woman  is  his 
mother,  and  this  child  is  his  son.  6.  Who  is  the  king  of  Hun- 
gary ?  7.  Who  is  your  neighbor,  and  where  is  he  1  8.  Mr. 
Bessel  is  my  neighbor ;  his  son  and  his  daughter  live  in  Eng- 
land, but  they  are  discontented.  9.  You  are  not  poor ;  I  am 
not   rich.      10.    My  chair   is  good,   but   it    (2.)    is   not    new. 

11.  Who  is  contented,  and  who  is  discontented'?  12.  My 
father  is  contented;  our  neighbor  is  discontented.  13.  My 
friend,  Mr.  Bitter,  is  here ;  his  father  and  his  mother  are  at 
home.  14.  Who  is  the  emperor  of  Germany'?  15.  Where  is 
your  ink  1  16.  It  is  here  ;  but  it  is  not  good,  it  is  too  thick. 
17.  Here  are  a  hen  and  a  duck  ;  there  is  a  turkey.  18.  Here 
is  your  father;  yonder  is  our  neighbor.  19.  This  dog  is  young; 
this  cow  and  this  horse   are   old.      20.    Where  is  my  key  1 

21.  It  (2.)  is  here. 

©rammatifdjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Indefinite  Article,  Possessive  Pronouns,  and  Jem 
have  a  gender-ending  in  the  Feminine  only : 


ADJECTIVES. 

INFINITIVE. 

,sc.  Neut. 

Fern. 

Masc.  Neut. 

Fern. 

ein, 

tm*tt 

a,  an. 

fein, 

fein^e, 

no,  not  any 

mem, 

meitve, 

my. 

unfer, 

uttfer**, 

our. 

bein, 

bein^e, 

thy. 

euer, 

euer^e, 

your. 

fein, 

fein^e, 

his,  its. 

i|r, 

i|r-e, 

their,  her. 

33 


2.  The  grammatical  gender  of  many  nouns  differs  from  the 
sex  of  the  objects  they  denote ;  the  pronoun  agreeing  with  its 
antecedent,  except  as  noted  below  (4.)  : 

Der  $lu§  if!  tief,  aber  Ct  tfl  nid)t  Brett.  The  river  is  deep,  but  (he)  it  is  not  wide. 

Die  SSrigg  ift  alt,  aber  fie  tfl  nod)  ftarf.  The  brig  is  old,  but  she  is  still  staunch. 

Dag  9>ferb  ift  gut,  aber  e0  tfl  m  alt.  The  horse  is  good,  but  it  is  too  old. 

Die  £ugenb  belofmt'  i&ren  2kreb/rer.  Virtue  rewards  her  votary. 

3    Nouns  ending  in  tfjctt  and  (etn  are  diminutives,  and -of 

the  neuter  gender,  whatever  may  be  the  sex  of  the  objects  they 
denote  : 

DaS  Sriiberdjen ;      the  little  (or  dear)  brother ;  from  ber  SBruber. 
DaS  <Sd)tt>efterd)ett ;  the  little  (or  dear)  sister ;      from  bte  ©cf)ft>ejter. 


4.  For  appellations  of  persons  the  pronoun,  except  with 
$ittb,  $inb(ettt,  or  ^Utbdjett,  may  also  take  the  natural  gender 
of  its  antecedent : 


DaS  .ftinb  ift  nid)t  t)ter,  eS  ift  ba. 
DaS  97cdbd)en  ift  nid)t  fcter,  fie  ift  ba. 


The  child  is  not  here,  it  is  there. 
The  girl  is  not  here,  she  is  there. 


fieftton  3.  lesson  3. 

NOMINATIVE    CASE.         ADJECTIVES.  INFINITIVE. 


8ttt0cnf  to  sing. 


id)  fitter, 

er  fmg-t 


I  sing. 
he  sings. 


ttnr  ftn^ett,  we  sing, 
fie  fifteen,     they  sing. 


Srinfcn,  to  drink. 

tdj  trin^e,      I  drink, 
er  trinf-t,       he  drinks, 
ttnr  trtnf*ett,  we  drink, 
fie  trinf^eit,     they  drink. 


34 


LESSON   3. 


Scifjnete. 

2>er  el)rltd)e  tfcam,  bte  ftet§ige  dxau 
unb  ba3  gute  Jltnb  lefeen  jufrieben. 

3d)  faufe  fd)tt>ar$e£  £udj,  aber  nid>trot^e^. 

(Ein  grauer  33ar  tft  ein  grimmigeS  £f)ter. 

liefer  aufmerffame  <Sd)uler  faun  lefen 
unb  fcfyretben. 

3d)  fyore  e3  bonnern  unb  fefye  e3  regnen. 


Examples. 

The  honest  man,  the  diligent  woman, 
and  the  good  child  live  contentedly, 

I  buy  black  cloth,  but  not  red. 

A  grizzly  bear  is  a  ferocious  animal. 

This  attentive  scholar  can  read  and 
write. 

I  hear  it  thunder  and  see  it  rain. 


SSbrtcrtoerjcidjmfe. 

XtV  ©ar,  the  bear,    ii  =  ea.   p.  27. 

£er  33aum,  the  tree. 

2)er  £err,  the  gentleman. 

£er  5lnafce,  the  boy  (knave.     6  =  v). 

SEJtt  Sftcifter,  the  master,    ei  =  a. 

£er  Sftenfd),  human  being  ;  man. 

£)ev  <3d)aufelftuf)t,  the  rocking-chair. 

SDcr  <Sd)iiler,  the  scholar. 

2>er  <3ta%  the  steel,    a  =  ee. 

£er  SJogcI,  the  bird  ;  fowl. 

$ie  Dame,  the  lady  ;  dame. 

Tk  3eibe,  the  silk. 

$0$  (Eifett,  the  iron. 

2Jngcnef)nt,  agreeable,  pleasant. 

33eoucm',  comfortable,  easy. 

Gntfoe'ber  —  ober,  either  —  or. 

^leijng,  diligent,  industrious. 

g-Iiegen,  to  fly.    g  =  — . 

©(att,  smooth. 

©ran,  gray  (grizzly).    ttU  =  ay. 


Vocabulary. 

£art,  hard,    t  =  d. 

3mmer,  always. 

$ann,  can. 

$tetn,  little,  small. 

Muq,  shrewd,  prudent. 

Sefen,  to  read. 

Sie&enSttritrbig,  amiable,  lovely. 

9flu§,  must. 

yiafytn,  to  sew. 

9?ur,  only. 

Dber,  or. 

Otein,  pure,  clean. 

Sdnttfeen,  to  write  (scribe). 

Sd)n>ar$,  black,  swarthy,    fdj  = 

©triden,  to  knit. 

£f)un,  to  do.    t  =  d. 

£reu,  faithful,  true.    CU  =  ue. 

2Bad)fctm,  watchful,    jfj  =  tch. 

28a3,  what.    §  =  t. 

SBofmen,  to  reside,  live,  dwell. 


§imfte  ^tufgaBc. 

1.  £er  grane  33ar  lebt  ttur  in  Slme'rifa.  2.  Dtefe  fdjwaqe 
£inte  ift  jn  but  3.  ©iefer  Heine  ©cMujfef  ift  son  gtfen.  4.  ®n= 
ter  etabl  ift  |art.  5.  ©nte  @eibe  ift  glatt.  6.  ©uteS  SBajfer  ift 
rein.  7.  (Stn  finger  9ftenf#  ift  nidjt  immer  ein  guter  SReitfdj. 
8.  Sine  reiefce  $ran  ift  nidjt  immer  eine  gufrtebene  $xau.  9.  9JZetrt 
alter  grennb,  £err  ^olte,  ift  je^t  entrceber  in  ©al^tmrg  ober  in 
©aftetn.     10.  3ener  innge  33aum  ift  Hcin.     11.  3ener  angenefymc 


ADJECTIVES.       INFINITIVE.  35 

£err,  jcne  Uebentfttmrbicje  £atne  unb  jene3  gttte  $tnb  toofynett  in 
Darmjrabr.  12.  Setter  $nabe  tft  eitt  fietftger  ©d)it(er.  13.  3ft 
jeter  Sd)aufelfht§l  frequent  ?  14.  9cetn,  aber  jetter  tteue  @d)aufe(= 
ftuM  tft  bcquem.  15.  (fitter  Sftetfter,  n>a$  niufj  id)  tfyttit  ? 
16.  Dtefc  fleigtge  ftxau  fann  ftrtcfen  unb  nafyen.  17.  Rann  btefer 
fletne  2>oa,el  fltegen,  ober  utd)t  ?  18.  SMefec  Heine  23ogel  lantt 
fiiegen  unb  ftngen.  19.  Sin  trener  £unb  tft  ttacfyfam.  20.  SWdjt 
jeter  wad)  fa  me  £unb  ift  trett. 

Exercise  6. 

1.  This  new  (1.)  rocking-chair  is  comfortable.  2.  That  young 
lady  is  my  sister.  3.  That  black  horse  is  young.  4.  Hard 
steel  is  not  always  good  steel.  5.  This  ink  is  not  good ;  it 
(2.  2.)  is  too  thick.  6.  Warm  weather  is  agreeable.  7.  A 
faithful  dog  is  a  watchful  dog.  8.  My  little  brother  and  my 
little  sister  drink  only  water.  9  A  young  horse  is  not  al- 
ways a  good  horse.  10,  This  little  bird  cannot  fly,  but  it 
(2.  2.)  sings  well  (1.  3.).  11.  Can  this  young  woman  sing] 
12.  Yes,  but  she  cannot  read.  13.  This  old  gentleman  and 
his  young  brother  live  in  Strasburg.  14.  Is  Mr.  Keimer  at 
home?  15.  No,  he  is  either  in  Rotterdam  or  in  Amsterdam. 
16.  My  old  friend,  Mr.  Bergmann,  and  his  sister  Anna  live  in 
Amsterdam.  17.  This  little  dog  is  young,  but  watchful. 
18.  Can  this  child  sing?  19.  Yes,  and  it  can  read  and  write. 
20.  This  rocking-chair  is  old,  but  it  is  comfortable. 

GkammatifdjeJ.  Grammatical. 

1.  Adjectives,  when  following  a  gender-ending  word  (1.  2.), 
end  in  f,  otherwise,  unless  used  predicatively  or  adverbially 
(1.  3.),  they  take  the  gender-endings  : 

£tefer  feine  ©ctmmet,  btefe  feine  <3eibe  This  fine  velvet,  this  fine  silk,  and 
unb  biefed  feine  £ud)  finb  foft&ar.  this  fine  cloth  are  costly. 

Renter  ©(unmet,  feine  ©eibc  imb  feine$  Fine  velvet,  fine  silk,  and  fine  cloth 
£ud)  finb  foftbar.  are  costly. 

^ie  baben  fetned  Xncb,  id)  fyabe  grobeS,  or  You  have  fine  cloth,  I  have  coarse,  or 

<5te  b,aben  fetneS,  id)  i)abe  grobeS  £ud).  You  have  fine,  I  have  coarse  cloth. 


36 


LESSON   4. 


2.   The  Present  Infinitive  of  all  verbs  ends  in  en,  except 
a  few  in  n ;  the  part  that  precedes  being  the  root  or  stem  : 

to  thunder.  tt>unfd)=eit,  to  wish. 

to  lighten.  fyofpStt,  to  hope, 

to  rain.  glaut^eit,  to  believe, 

to  snow.  furd)t*Ctt,  to  fear, 

to  hail.  ttnfpCtt,  to  know. 

He  must  plough  and  harrow  and 
mow  and  sow. 

She  can  wash  and  bake  and  knit 
and  sew. 

"We  have  a  great  deal  to  do. 


$or=eit,  to  hear.  bonner^tt, 

fdKit,  to  see-  fclt^en, 

fii^en,  to  feel.  reon^en, 

rted)=CIt,  to  smell.  fdjnet^Ctt, 

fd)mecf=en,  to  taste.  f)ag,el*n, 

gr  mu§  pfliigen  unb  eggen  unb  mafyen 

unb  faen. 
©ie  fann  roafd)en  unb  fcacfen  unb  frrtden 

unb  nafyen. 
2Bir  fyakn  fefyr  »tel  ju  tljun. 


Ccfttmt  4. 


ACCUSATIVE      CASE. 


Lesson  4. 


DISTINCTIVE      GENDER-ENDINGS. 


Masculine. 

bief-en, 


Feminine. 
t>tef=e, 

gaoen,  to  have. 


Neuter. 
btef=e$,  this. 


id)  Ijafce, 
er  Ijat, 
toir  fyabert, 
fie  tjaben, 


I  have, 
he  has. 
we  have, 
they  have. 


id)  I)  arte, 
er  Ijatte, 
roit  fatten, 
fie  fatten, 


I  had. 
he  had. 
we  had. 
they  had. 


Seifjiiele. 

£afren  <Sie  nteincn  SBIetfttft,  £err  5^aft? 
3a,  mem  £err,  id)  tyak  S^ren  Sletjtift, 

3f;rc  geber  unb  3!)r  £intenfaj3. 
£a&en  <Ste  StroaS  fur  ben  SSftann,  biC 

g-rau  ober  btt§  $irib  ? 
SRein,  id)  Ijabe  9cid)t$  fiir  tfm,  9ttd)t3  fiir 

fie  unb  3?id)t3  fiir  e$. 
2Ba3  fyakn  <3te  fyeute  gu  tljun  ? 
3d)  Babe  einen  SBrief  p  fceantiuorten,  eine 

Stufaak  m  fcfyretfcen  unb  ein  Sud)  ju 

lefen. 


Examples. 

Have  you  my  pencil,  Mr.  Nast  ? 

Yes,  sir,  I  have  your  pencil,  your 
pen,  and  your  inkstand. 

Have  you  anything  for  the  man,  the 
woman,  or  the  child  ? 

No,  I  have  nothing  for  him,  nothing 
for  her,  and  nothing  for  it. 

What  have  you  to  do  to-day  ? 

I  have  a  letter  to  answer,  an  ex- 
ercise to  write,  and  a  book  to 
read. 


ACCUSATIVE    GENDER-ENDINGS. 


37 


SBiJrfertierjetdjmfe. 

$er  331etfttft,  the  pencil,  lead-pencil. 

£>er  Sti&fet,  the  purchaser. 

Der  $aufmcmn,  merchant. 

£>er  Sanbmann,  the  farmer. 

£tC  SMttmt,  the  flower. 

£>te  fflofe,  the  rose. 

Die  £ante,  the  aunt. 

$03  $anb,  ribbon  ;  band. 

£a$  ©etb,  money  (geld). 

9113,  than,  as. 

33lau,  blue,    au  =  ue. 

£enn,  for  (conjunction). 

(Ettt?a3,  something,  anything. 

Sfiir,  for  (preposition),    ii  =  o.  p.  27. 

£eutc,  to-day. 


Vocabulary. 

£u&fdj,  pretty. 

3entcmb,  somebody,  anybody. 

Wttfyc,  more.     C  =  O. 

Sftiibe,  weary,  tired. 

9?id&t8,  nothing. 

9?temanb,  nobody. 

3fo$,  still,  yet. 

fflott),  red.    t  =  d. 

<5d)5n,  beautiful. 

©djr,  very,  very  much. 

©cfyr  »tel,  a  great  deal,  very  much, 

UnS,  us. 

33iel,  much. 

2Ben,  whom. 

SBentg,  little. 


Stckittc  5dtfgoBe. 

I.  £)ort  ift  ber  ^aufmann ;  idj  ^abe  @tn>as  fiir  iljn  (1.), 
2.  £aben  6ie  ben  SBleiftift  ?  3.  9tein,  Sinna  fiat  ibn  (2.  2.). 
4.  £ier  ift  eine  $ofe ;  ift  fte  (2.  2.)  nid)t  febr  fd)6n?  5.  liefer 
.ftanfmann  hat  9?id)t3  fiir  un$,  benn  n>ir  baben  fein  ®elb  fiir  ifyn. 
6,  2Bo  ift  meirt  rott>e<5  (3.  1.)  23anb  ?  7,  X>iefe^  ,ftinb  fyat  e$. 
8.  2$er  tyat  ®cfb  fiir  ben  ^anfmann  ?  9.  3eber  Mnfer  hat  (Mb 
fiir  ihn.  10.  £at  er  »id  ©elb?  11.  3a,  aber  fein  $ater  Ijat 
nod)  metjr  ate  er.  ]2.  £aben  (Ste  *>iel  $u  tfynn  fyente  ?  13.  5^etnr 
id)  l)abe  nur  fefyr  wenig  gn  tbnn.  14.  £atte  3emanb  meine 
fdnr-arje  (3.  1.)  £inte  ?  15.  9?ein,  ^iemanb  J)atte  fte  (2.  2.). 
16.  ffier  W  bad  biibfd)e  23ncb  ?  17.  £)a  ift  ba$  33nd) ;  bas  $inb 
hatte  e$.  18.  giir  men  ift  biefe  23htme  ?  19.  ©ie  ift  fiir  meine 
Xante.  20.  3d)  bin  fel)r  miibe.  21.  £)er  Sanbmann  hat  tinm 
gnten  -Spunb,  eine  a,ute  $.uf)  nnb  ein  <jnte3  $ferb. 


Exercise  8. 

1.  Who  has  the  book  1  2.  I  have  the  book.  3.  Has  the 
child  the  flower  1  4.  No,  the  woman  has  it  (2.  2.).  5.  Which 
flower  has  the  mother  1     6.    She  has  the  rose.     7.   Have  you 


38 


LESSON   4. 


money  for  the  merchant  1  8.  Yes,  for  every  purchaser  has 
money  for  the  merchant.  9.  Has  the  merchant  more  money 
than  this  man]  10.  Yes,  but  not  much  more.  11.  Have 
you  much  to  do1?  12.  Yes,  we  have  a  great  deal  to  do. 
13.  Are  you  very  tired]  14.  No,  I  am  not  tired.  15.  Yonder 
is  the  pencil ;  who  had  it  1  16.  Nobody  had  it  (2.  2.)  j  it  was 
here.  17.  Has  anybody  more  money  than  the  merchant1? 
18.  Yes,  his  brother  has  still  more  than  he.  19.  Who  has  the 
flower  and  the  ribbon  ?  20.  The  mother  has  the  blue  ribbon, 
the  child  has  the  red  flower.  21.  This  young  child  has  a  new 
lead-pencil,  an  old  ribbon,  and  a  pretty  flower. 


(SjrammtttiftfjeS. 


Grammatical. 


1.  The  Accusative  answers  mainly  to  the  English  objective. 
The  Accusative  of  tX  is  tl)n  ;  fie  and  e£  remain  unchanged. 

2.  All  Masculine  Adjective  words  end  in  the  Accusative  in 
til ;  those  of  other  genders  have  the  same  form  in  the  Accusa- 
tive as  in  the  Nominative  : 


Masc. 

Fern. 

Neut. 

Masc. 

Fern. 

Neut. 

btcfcen, 

btef  e, 

biefcefl,  this. 

euven, 

euve, 

em,  a,  an 

ben, 

tic, 

bag,       the. 

nteuven, 

meuve, 

meitt,  my 

3d)  fdje  tljtt,  id)  fefje  fte,  id)  fefje  e8. 
3d)  fef)e  ben  Sater,  bic  Gutter  unb  bttS 

flint).  m 
(£r  fauft  guten  ®ammet,  gute  <3eibe  unb 

guteS  £ud). 
©r  fjat  ben  guten  ©ammet,  bic  gute 

(Seibe  unb  bag  gute  £ud). 
<5ie  f)at  ifntn  guten  ©ammet,  i^re  gute 

Setbe  unb  ifjr  guteU  £udj. 
Sfranj  unb  flarf  Ijaben  ifntn  SBagen,  if)r 

§)ferb  unb  ilire  §)cttfd)e. 
$abm  Bit  3Ijre  geber,  3fjren  sretjtfft 

unb  3t)r  papier  ? 
3c?)  T)ak  ntcinc  gfeber  unb  metn  papier, 

after  nidjt  meinCtt  SSIeifHft 


I  see  him,  I  see  her,  1  see  it. 

I  see  the  father,  the  mother,  and 

the  child. 
He  buys  good  velvet,  good  silk,  and 

good  cloth. 
He  has  the  good  velvet,  the  good 

silk,  and  the  good  cloth. 
She  has  her  good  velvet,  her  good 

silk,  and  her  good  cloth. 
Francis  and  Charles  have  their  car- 
riage, their  horse,  and  their  whip. 
Have  you  your  pen,   your  pencil, 

and  your  paper  ? 
I  have  my  pen  and  my  paper,  but 

not  my  pencil. 


PREPOSITIONS.       ADJECTIVES. 


39 


Seftton  5« 


Lesson  5. 


ACCUSATIVE     CASE. 


PREPOSITIONS. 


ADJECTIVES. 


SBeifJitere. 


3d)  $ak  einen  reifeit  SIpfet,  eine  retfc 
23trne  unb.ein  fd)6ne$  33eild)en. 

2Bir  gingen  turd)  ben  2Balb  unb  urn  ba3 
8felb, 

3d)  fyabe  nidjt  graueS  £ud),  fonbern  WaueG. 

Diefer  ©rafcen  ifl  einen  gfufj  tief. 

2>er  Spiegel  ift  etnen  Scaler  werfft. 

2Bir  muffen  gef)en ;  e£  ift  fd)on  fpdt. 


Examples. 


I  have  a  ripe  apple,  a  ripe  pear,  and 

a  beautiful  violet. 
We  went  through  the  woods  and 

around  the  field. 
I  have  not  gray  cloth,  but  blue. 
This  ditch  is  a  foot  deep. 
The  looking-glass  is  worth  a  dollar. 
We  must  go  ;  it  is  already  late. 


28ortcrticr$eidjnt&. 

$et  Slt§,  the  foot.    f|  =  t.    p.  26. 

2)er  ©rakn,  the  ditch. 

Dd  $att,  the  neck. 

Der  jammer,  hammer. 

2>er  $amin',  the  fire-place. 

Der  2Ronat,  the  month,    t  =  th. 

£>er  Dfen,  the  stove. 

Der  Sting,  the  ring. 

Der  ©#mieb,  the  smith.    fc  =  th. 

Der  (Spiegel,  the  looking-glass. 

Der  better,  the  cousin. 

Der  2Bagen,  carriage,  wagon. 

Der  2Balb,  the  woods,  forest. 

Der  Btmmermann,  carpenter. 

Der  3otf,  the  inch. 

$IC  ©anf,  the  bench.    J  =  eh. 

Die  <£fle,  the  ell. 

Die  Sage,  the  saw.    ft  =  — . 

Die  Surteltaufce,  turtle-dove,    t  =  d. 


Vocabulary. 

2>Ug  fteuer,  the  fire,    ett  =  i. 

DaS  £olj,  the  wood. 

DaS  3afyr,  the  year,    j  =  y. 

Dct$  SWefier,  the  knife. 

DaS  Zu$,  the  cloth. 

DaS  Bimmer,  the  room. 

2lrkiten,  to  work. 

33reit,  wide,  broad,    t  =  d. 

Durd),  through,   nt  =  rou.  p.  26. 

®et)en.   See  Vocabulary,  p.  319,  &c. 

(ijrep,  large  (gross). 

£od),  high,    tfj  =  gh. 

£ur$,  short. 

l?ang,  long,    a  =  o. 

9k§,  wet. 

DI)ne,  without. 

Sroden,  dry. 

Vim,  around. 

Wk,  how. 


9lcunk  5lufgaBe. 

1*  £>er  3inimermann  tjat  eine  neue  ©age.  2.  JMefeS  trocferte 
^o^  ifl  gu  a,ro§  fitr  tmferen  Dfen.  3.  2)er  ©cfymieb  farm  nid)t 
arbettert  of)ne  etnert  (1.)  jammer*    4.  2£te  fyod)  unt>  rme  Brett  ifl 


40  LESSON   5. 

biefe  Heine  23anf  ?  5.  ©te  (2.  2.)  ift  etnen  (2.)  gu§  l)od>  unb 
einen  $ug  breit.  6,  3ft  nid)t  3$*  Spiegel  gu  grog  fur  3t)r  3im= 
mer  ?  7,  9?ein,  aber  metn  3iwnter  {ft  ^u  {{eitt  fur  metnen  Spiegel. 
8.  9JZein  better  tjat  ein  SDZeffer  fur  feinen  ©ofyn.  9,  £ie  £urtel= 
taube  "tyat  einen  Sfting  wm  U)ren  £ald.  10.  DtefeS  £ud)  ift  etne 
(SUe  breit.  11,  Unfer  geuer  ift  nid)t  gut;  unfer  &0I3  ift  nag. 
12.  £aben  ©ie  einen  £>fen?  13.  9?ein,  tr-ir  fyaben  einen  Jlamin. 
14.  Diefer  ©djmiefc  l)at  einen  jammer  »on  ©tabl.  15.  3d)  l;abe 
einen  better  in  (Engtanb.  16.  Unfer  SBagen  ift  nidjt  gut;  er  ift 
fefyr  alt.  17.  2Ber  ift  jener  £err  bort?  18.  (Ss  ift  mem  9?acbbar, 
£err  Werner  ;  er  gel)t  je£t  burd)  biefen  fletnen  2Balb.  19.  (Er  tyat 
blaueS  £ucfy,  unb  i$  fyabt  rotfye*.  20.  3ft  biefer  sPferb  fe§r  Jung  ? 
21.  3<*/  es  ift  nur  ein  %afyx  unb  einen  ^onat  alt.  22.  THefer 
fdjtrarje  (Sammet  ift  bid  unb  gut;  biefer  rotfye  ift  bid,  abcr  nid)t 
gut ;  biefer  blaue  ©ammet  ift  gut,  aber  nicfyt  fefyr  bid. 

Exercise  10. 

1.  Have  you  a  knife  1  2.  No,  but  my  friend  here  has  a  very 
pretty  knife.  3.  Is  your  new  bench  very  long  1  4.  No,  it 
(2.  2.)  is  very  short ;  and  it  is  only  a  (2.)  foot  and  an  inch  high, 
and  a  foot  wide.  5.  Has  your  neighbor,  Mr.  Held,  your  young 
horse  and  your  new  carriage  ]  6.  He  has  my  old  carriage,  but 
not  my  horse.  7.  My  neighbor  and  his  friend,  Mr.  Rettel,  go 
through  (1.)  the  woods  and  around  the  ditch.  8.  This  ditch  is 
only  a  foot  wide.  9.  Have  you  blue  cloth  or  red  1  10.  I  have 
blue  cloth,  but  not  red  ;  Mr.  Banner,  the  merchant,  has  black, 
gray,  blue,  and  red  cloth.  11.  The  carpenter  has  an  old  saw. 
12.  Is  his  saw  still  good?  13.  No,  he  cannot  work  without 
a  new  saw.  14.  Have  you  a  stove  or  a  fire-place  1  15.  We 
have  a  stove,  but  no  fire-place.  16.  Is  this  new  hammer  of 
iron]  17.  No,  this  large  hammer  is  of  steel.  18.  Have  you 
a  brother  or  a  cousin  in  Prussia]  19.  We  have  a  sister  in 
Berlin.  20.  How  old  is  this  child  1  21.  It  is  now  a  (2.)  month 
old.  22.  This  black  pencil  is  very  short ;  that  red  pencil  is 
more  than  a  foot  long. 


PREPOSITIONS.       ADJECTIVES.  41 


(Bxamma'ttfti)e8.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  following  Prepositions  govern  the  Accusative :  tmrcfj, 
fir,  gcgcn  (or  gen),  uljnc,  fmtber,  urn,  tofoer. 

2.  The  Accusative  is  used  with  Adjectives  indicating  size, 
age,  value,  or  weight  : 

JXtf  8tdt  tji  cinen  Boll  bicf.  The  hoard  is  an  inch  thick. 

Da3  Sfcffer  Ifl  einen  S&aler  fcerty.  The  knife  is  worth  a  dollar. 

£cr  ftlup  tji  cine  SKrilt  Brett.  The  river  is  a  mile  wide. 

2)tefe«  £inb  tfl  ein  3af)r,  eine  2Bod)e  This  child  is  a  year,  a  week,  and 
imb  cinen  £ag  alt.  a  day  old. 


JKHcberjjohmg.  Recapitulation. 

Elfte  Aufgabe. 

1.  Der  Bar  geht  durch  den  Wald.  2.  Wie  dick  ist  dieses 
Eis  %  3.  Es  ist  einen  Fuss  mid  einen  Zoll  dick.  4.  Wer  hatte 
mein  neues  Band  1  5.  Ihre  kleine  Schwester  hatte  es.  6.  Fur 
wen  ist  jenes  scheme  MesscH  7.  Es  ist  fur  dieses  liebens- 
wiirdige  Kind.  8.  Dieses  warme  Wetter  ist  sehr  angenehm. 
9.  Nicht  jeder  kluge  Knabe  ist  ein  guter  Schiiler.  10.  Aller 
gute    Stahl    ist    hart,    aber   nicht    aller    harte    Stahl    ist   gut. 

11.  Mein  Bruder  ist  jetzt  entweder  in  Berlin  oder  in  Breslau. 

12.  Hat  dieser  fleissige  Landmann  viel  Geld?  13.  Nein,  er 
ist  arm,  aber  zufrieden  ;  er  wohnt  in  Herrnalp  in  Baden. 
14.  Kami  er  lesen  mid  schreiben  ?  15.  Ja,  er  kann  lesen  und 
Bchreiben,  und  seine  fleissige  Tochter  kann  stricken  und  nahen. 
16.  Ist  dieser  junge  Herr  Ihr  Bruder'?  17.  Nein,  dieser  junge 
Herr  ist  nicht  mein  Bruder,  aber  er  ist  mein  Vetter.  18.  Ist 
dieses  hiibsche  Buch  fiir  jenen  klugen  Schiiler?  19.  Nein,  es 
ist  fur  seinen  jungen  Freund,  Julias  Loser.  20.  Dieser  junge 
Hand  ist  sehr  treu  und  wachsam.  21.  Der  fleissige,  aufmerk- 
siime  Schiiler  lernt  rasch.  22.  Ein  trager,  nachliissiger  Schiiler 
lernt  nicht  viel  und  ist  nicht  zufrieden.  23.  Ich  muss  jetzt 
gehen  ;    ich  kann  nicht  warten. 


4:2 


LESSON    6. 


8e!timt  6. 


Lesson  6. 


GENITIVE    CASE. 


Masculine. 
t>ief*ei, 
etn=el, 


GENDER-ENDINGS.  IDIOMS. 

Feminine.  Neuter. 

bief-er,  fcief*e«,  of  this. 

ein-er,  etn^cg,  of  a. 


fiteOen,  to  love. 


id)  Heu=e,  I  love, 

er  lieb=t,  he  loves. 

mir  Ueb^en,  we  love, 

fie  lieb-CIt,  they  love. 


id)  lieb=te,  I  loved, 

er  Ueb^tc,  he  loved, 

roir  lieMeit,  vve  loved, 

fie  UeMetl,  they  loved. 


iSBeifjuele. 

3enC§  (1.)  eduilerS  (2.)  ftleifj  ift  &e* 

ttun'bern3roert&. 
2>a3  Mima  biefer  ©egenb  ift   unge* 

,fimb. 
SBunfcfyen  <5ie  (4.)  fdjwarje  3SoUe  ober 

n>et§e  ? 
2)ie  2Botfe  biefeS  £ud)C$  tft  fef)r  fein. 
©armn'  gdjen  @ie  nid)t  in  bie  8d)itte  ? 
3d)  gefye  ja  (5.)  in  bie  <3dntte. 
2)er  ©efdjmacf  eincr  Sfprifo'fe  ff%  an* 

geneljm. 


Examples. 

That  scholar's  diligence  is  ad- 
mirable. 

The  climate  of  this  region  is  un- 
healthy. 

Do  you  wish  black  wool  or 
white  ? 

The  wool  of  this  cloth  is  very  fine. 

Why  do  you  not  go  to  (the)  school  ? 

I  do  go  to  (the)  school. 

The  taste  of  an  apricot  is  pleas- 
ant. 


SBbrtertierjetdjntfi. 

$er  Sfbler,  -3,  the  eagle. 
£>cr  23ad),  -e3,  the  brook. 
£er  (£mknb,  -eg,  the  binding. 
£cr  5?utfd)er,  -*,  the  coachman. 
©er  |>rei$,  -eS,  the  price. 
S)er  SdmaM,  -5,  the  beak,  bill. 
Tcv  8dnuubcr,  -5,  the  tailor. 
£tC  Qfcfnc,  the  ear.     a  =  ea.    p. 
5Die  Seinttonb,  -,  the  linen. 
£)te  9)tatra'fce,  -,  the  mattress. 


•11. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  Sttnfce,  -,  the  bark,  rind. 
$03  ©err,  -e3,  the  bed.    t  =  d. 
£>a3  Ocfal'Ie,  -8,  the  fall,  descent. 
3)a3  Sanbgut>  -c£,  country-seat. 
£a3  gaufe,  -e$,  foliage,  leaf.    6  =  f . 
Da3  ©ctbenjeug,  -e3,  silk  (silk  stuff). 
1)a8  2Belfd)fprn,  -$,  maize,  Indian  corn. 
SMtfig,  reasonable,  fair. 
33ebeu'tenb,  considerable,  important. 
£>Utm,  slender,  thin,    ft  =  th. 


GENITIVE    GENDER-ENDINGS. 


43 


Saul,  lazy. 

@eblctd)t',  bleached,    gc  =  — .    p.  27. 

©elb,  yellow. 

©erct'be,  straight. 

$Cpi&  Ugly,  hateful. 

ilaufen,  to  buy. 

5trumm,  crooked. 

Stager,  lean,  poor,  meager,    a  =  ea. 

Silver,  heavy. 


lt>  ftAAX^>^UAv^>; 


(Sonbern,  but.  - 

©teinig,  stony,    ei  =  o. 

£f)euer,  dear,    t  =  d. 

£ief,  deep,    I  =  d ;  f  =  p. 

Ungebleicfyt,  unbleached,    ct  =  ea. 

SSeber  —  uodj,  neither  —  nor. 

2BetJ3,  white.    £  =  t. 

SBofylfeU,  cheap. 

SBunfc&en,  to  wish,    fjfi  =  sh. 


gmolftc  Kufgaiie. 

1.  Der  $rei$  biefeS  (1.)  SanbgnteS  (2.)  ift  fcfflig.  2.  Der  (Sofjn 
nnfereS  9kchbarS  ift  fcX>r  fanl.  3.  Der  jammer  beS  ©d)miebe$  ift 
fd)roer  nnb  grog*  4.  3weS  23anmeS  Sftinbe  ift  gelb.  5.  Die 
Sfttnbe  btefeS  23aume$  ift  rotfy.  6.  2Bitnfd)en  ©te  (4.)  geHeid)te 
ober  nngebteicfyte  Seimuanb  ?  7.  Die  foeifje  £einn?anb  biefes  Maufc 
manner  ift  rceber  fefyr  bid,  nod)  fefyr  burnt.  8.  Das  Sanbgut  jetted 
Cannes  ift  fefjr  fcfcim.  9.  Der  ^>ret^  biefeS  33ucfye$  ift  fetyr  i)o&). 
10.  Das  ©efafle  biefeS  33aebe$  ift  fejjr  bebeutenb.  11.  3eneS 
23acbeS  33ett  ift  tief  unb  fteinig.  12.  Die  9ftatra£e  biefeS  23etre$ 
ift  fehr  Ijaxt.  13.  2Bo  fauften  (4.)  <2te  btefe  feine  2eimt>anb  ? 
14.  Das  btaue  ©eibenjeug  bes  ©d)neiberS  ift  roofylfeil,  fein 
fdjttar§eS   ift    tfyeuer.      15.    Der   (Schnabel    einer   Snte  ift  bid. 

16.  Der  ©djnabel  eineS  2MerS  ift  nid)t  gerabe,  fonbertt  frumm. 

17.  Der  (Stnbanb  biefeS  SucbeS  ift  fetyr  biibfd).  18.  Das  groge 
$ferb  bicfeS  $utfdjer$  ift  alt,  mager  itnb  ()a§(id) ;  fein  Hemes 
$ferb  ift  jung  nnb  fd)6n.  19.  Das  %aub  btefes  33aumes  ift  fcfyon 
gelb.     20.  Die  Sle^re  beS  SBelfcfyfornS  ift  gelb,  toeig  ober  rotb. 


Exercise  13. 

1.  The  price  of  this  (1.)  looking-glass  (2.)  is  very  reasonable. 
2.  The  new  saw  of  that  carpenter  is  very  thin.  3.  This  mer- 
chant's linen  is  unbleached.  4.  Where  did  you  (4.)  buy  this 
mattress  1  5.  I  bought  it  (2.  2.)  yesterday  in  Dresden. 
6.  The  carriage  of  that  coachman  is  too  heavy  for  his  little 
horse.     7.  My  cousin's  ring  is  very  heavy.     8.  This  scholar's 


44  LESSON   6. 

ink  is  black;  but  it  (2.  2.)  is  too  thin.  9.  The  wood  of  this 
tree  is  very  hard.  10.  The  bark  of  that  tree  is  an  (5.  2.)  inch 
thick.  11.  The  beak  of  this  duck  is  red.  12.  The  foliage  of 
this  tree  is  green  ;  its  bark  is  yellow.  13.  The  new  binding  of 
this  book  is  not  pretty,  but  very  ugly.  14.  Do  you  buy  your 
Indian  corn  in  Konigsberg  1  15.  No,  I  do  not  buy  my  Indian 
corn  m  Konigsberg.  16.  Has  this  brook  a  deep  bed  and  a 
considerable  fall?  17.  The  bed  of  this  brook  is  not  deep,  but 
very  stony  ;  its  fall  is  very  considerable.  18.  When  did  you 
buy  this  country-seat'?  19.  I  bought  it  yesterday,  and  very 
cheap.     20.  This  child's  turtle-dove  is  very  pretty. 

©rttmmtttifd)eg.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Genitive  answers  to  the  English  Possessive  and  also 
to  the  Objective  governed  by  of.  The  endings  both  of  the 
gender-ending  words  (1.  2.)  and  of  the  possessive  pronouns,  &c. 
(2.  1.)  are  : 

C0,  Masculine.  tX,  Feminine.  c§,  Neuter. 

\tn-t%,  lender,  jen-cl. 

memoes,  member,  memoes. 

2.  Most  Masculine  and  Neuter  nouns  add  t%  (or  §)  in  the 
genitive,  as  given  in  vocabularies  ;  feminine  common  nouns  are 
unchanged:  Norn.  9Jktttt,  Gen.-t%f  i.  e.  9ttarme3,  &c  : 

£e3  SBaterS  (Segen.  The  father's  blessing. 

SBeldjeS  Skrke'cfyenS  if*  er  fdjulbig?        Of  what  (which)  crime  is  he  guilty? 

The  Genitive  may  precede  or  follow  its  governing  noun  : 
•£>aben  <3te  bCS  £f$rtr£  33ud)  ?   or         Have  you  the  teacher's  book  ?  or 
£aben  @ie  ba3  33ud)  be§  £efyrer$  ?         Have  you  the  book  of  the  teacher  ? 

3.  When  a  noun  without  a  qualifying  word,  and  often  with 
an  article,  is  used  to  denote  time,  it  is  in  the  genitive  ;  other- 
wise, usually,  in  the  accusative  : 

£>er  Bug  tt>irb  23ormtttag$  (or  bC§  35or=       The  train  will  arrive  at  seven  o'clock 
mittagS)  urn  fiekn  tyx  anfommen.  in  the  forenoon. 


IDIOMS. 


45 


@onntag§  cxeBert  roir  in  bit  $ird)e. 
3d)  bcfud)e  Den  joolo'gifd)en  (SJarten  nadfojle 
2Bod)e. 


(Of  a)  Sunday  we  go  to  (the)  church. 
I  visit  the  zoological  garden  next 
week. 


4.  Verbs  in  German  have  but  a  single  form  of  conjugation  in 
each  tense,  while  in  English  they  have  in  the  Present  and  Im- 
perfect three  forms,  and  in  the  other  tenses  two  : 


3d)  fage ;  I  say  ;  I  do  say  ; 

38(10  fagen  <5ie  ?     What  say  you  ?  What  do  you  say  ? 

(£r  fagte  nid)t ;        He  said  not ;       He  did  not  say  ; 

©te  t>at  gefun'gen;  She  lias  sung  ; 

(Er  ttirb  fd)reiben  ;  He  will  write  ; 


I  am  saying. 
What  are  you  saying  ? 
He  was  not  saying. 
She  has  been  singing. 
He  will  be  writing. 


5.  There  are  many  idiomatic  expressions  that  do  not  admit 
of  a  literal  translation  from  one  language  into  another.  Some 
of  these  are  of  frequent  occurrence,  and  demand  the  early- 
attention  of  the  learner  : 


®ebe  iioif)  mit  un3 ! 

SBarum  fingt  er  nid)t  ? 

<£r  fingt  jo. 

Srfnfai  ©ie  gjrn  2$ee?  X.        *  ***-*-' 

Wm,  id)  mad)e  tnir  $id)t3  barau3. 

<£ie  fingt  gem. 

3d)  lefe  ungcrn. 

dx  ift  ^ojfent(id)  nidjt  franf. 

SWu§  id)  tyeute  ju  £aufe  bleiben? 

©anj  nad)  3b,rem  33elie'ben. 

itebung  tnad)t  ben  Sttetfter. 

2Bie  faipen  @ic  ? 

3d)  $etj?e  3>aul. 

2Bann  lernten  <Sie  £>errn  Earner  fen* 

nen? 
3d)  lernte  ifyn  erft  Iefcte  $8oA)t  fen* 

nen. 
(Sw  ift  mir  fait  (or  eS  friert  mid)). 
9in  mem  tfl  bie  $ei()e  ju  lefen  ? 
Sic  ift  an  mir. 
(£3  frent  mid)  feljr. 
£aben  <3ie  hunger  ? 
9?ein,  aber  id)  Ijabe  gro^en  £>urfh 
S3  t()ut  mir  febj  leib. 


Do  go  (go  though)  with  us  ! 

Why  does  he  not  sing  ? 

He  does  sing  (he  is  singing). 

Do  you  like  (are  you  fond  of)  tea  ? 

No,  I  do  not  care  for  it. 

She  likes  to  sing. 

1  dislike  to  read. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  he  is  not  sick. 

Must  I  stay  at  home  to-day  ? 

Just  as  you  please  (at  your  pleasure). 

Practice  makes  perfect  (the  master). 

What  is  your  name  ? 

My  name  is  Paul. 

When  did  you  become  acquainted 

with  Mr.  Marner  ? 
I  did  not  become  acquainted  with 

him  till  last  week. 
I  am  cold. 

Whose  turn  is  it  to  read  ? 
It  is  mine. 
I  am  very  glad. 
Are  you  hungry  ? 
No,  but  I  am  very  thirsty. 
I  am  very  sorry. 


46 


LESSON  7. 


Mtim  7. 

Lesson  7. 

DATIVE    CASE.       GENDER-ENDINGS. 

INTERROGATIVE   WORDS. 

Masculine.           Feminine. 

Neuter. 

t>ief=em,              btef-er, 

bief^em,  to,  for  this. 

ein*em,               either, 

ein=em,  to,  for  a. 

S3ctf|iterc. 

Examples. 

@ic  madjte  bcr  (1.)  Sefyrerin  einCtt  (4. 2.) 

£ut  unb  fd)icfte  tf)it  tyr  (1.). 
gr  mTfprad)'  bent  3RuHer  ba$  (Mb,  aber 

er  fd)idte  e3  ifym  nid)t. 
(£3  tjl  nid)t  Icid)t  ^u  ttcrfte'ljen. 
3d)  $cdte  ifyn  fur  reblid). 
@3  regnet  fyeftig  (1.  3.), 
(£r  fjat  bie  toeipe  <Seibe,  unb  id)  §afce  bie 

gelfee. 

2Bbrtertier$eidjm&. 

$er  STrmfh^I,  -%,  the  arm-chair. 

Der  SBcicfer,  -3,  the  baker,    d  =  a. 

Der  33auer,  -3,  the  peasant  (boor). 

Der  33efen,  -3,  broom,  besom.  n=m. 

Der  ©resetter,  -3,  grandfather. 

Der  %a§er,  -3,  the  hunter. 

Der  Refiner,  -3,  the  waiter. 

Der  Cramer,  -3,  the  grocer. 

Der  duller,  -3,  the  miller,    it  =  i. 

Der  9tocf,  -e$,  the  coat. 

Der  <3attler,  -3,  the  saddler,    t  =  d. 

Der  Spurfyunb,  -e3,  the  setter. 

Der  2Qetjen,  -3,  wheat.  ei=ea;  $=t. 

Der  ©inbljunb,  ~e$,  the  greyhound. 


She  made  (for)  the  instructress  a  hat 
and  sent  it  to  her. 

He  promised  (to)  the  miller  the  mon- 
ey, but  he  did  not  send  it  to  him. 

It  is  not  easy  to  understand. 

I  consider  him  (hold  him  for)  honest. 

It  rains  violently. 

He  has  the  white  silk,  and  I  have 
the  yellow. 

Vocabulary. 

$te  Sutter,  -  the  butter. 

Die  ®ro§mutter,  -  grandmother. 

Die  2£ejte,  -,  the  vest. 

$0$  23rob,  -c8,  the  bread.    0  =  ea. 

DaS  Seber,  -3,  the  leather,    ft  =  th. 

DaS  SKctyl,  -3,  the  meal,  flour. 

©efyo'ren,  to  belong. 

£eid)t,  easy  ;  light,    ci  =■  i. 

SWatylen,  to  grind. 

<Sagen,  to  say.    g  =  y. 

<Bd)idcn,  to  send. 

2>erfctu'fen,  to  sell. 

38em,  to  whom.    dat.  of  Wer* 

3<u)Ien,  to  pay. 


$tcr$eljnte  5lufgak. 

1.  28em  geftort  fcer  mm  (3.  1.)  2trmftuM?  2.  Dicfcr  gc$ort 
fcem  ©roj^ater,  jener  getyort  ber  (1.)  ©rojmuttcr.  3.  SBeldjem 
3ager  gehort  t>iefer  grof?e  2Bint>f)unt>  ?     4.  Dev  2Bint>()unt>  gefoort 


DATIVE    GENDER-EN  DINGS.  47 

bem  duller;  ber  <Spiirt)unb  gefyort  bem  3(igert  5.  2Ba3  tterfaufen 
©ie  bem  ©artier?  6.  2&tr  serfaufen  it)m  5^td>td  ;  toit  fdnden  ii)m 
baS  Seber  unb  ba3  £ud).  7.  SSerfauft  ber  Cramer  ber  (1.)  grau 
et»a«?  8.  Gr  terfauft  tr)r  (1.)  ben  33efen,  ba$  9?M)l  unb  bie 
Sutter.  9.  2Ga3  serfaufre  ber  aire  23auer  bem -Gutter?  10.  (Sr 
serfaufte  ir)m  ben  guten  JGetgen.  11.  Der  Gutter  mafylte  ben 
2£ei$en  unb  serfaufte  bem  23acfer  ba3  SfflfyL  12.  £>er  SBatfet  ser* 
fauft  ber  (1.)  grau  bad  23rob.  13.  2Ba$  fagten  ©ie  bem  Miter? 
14.  3d)  fagte  ibm  Wd)t3.  15.  £>er  Mner  fd)i(fte  bem  ©djitfer 
gttt>ag.    16.  ©cfyicfie  ber  ©efynetber  bem  jlaufmamt  bie  mm  SSefte? 

17.  9tein,  er  fdncfte  it)m  ben  neuen  9tocf.  18.  3ener  aire  9ftann 
gafylte  bem  $aufmaim  bas  (Mb.  19.  2Bem  safylen  @te  ba3  ©e(b? 
20.  2$ir  gafyten  e3  bem  Cramer.  21.  2Bir  fd)tcften  U)m  unb  tt)t 
eine  kidjk  Hufga&e. 

Exercise  15. 

1.  The  peasant  sells  the  (1.)  miller  the  good  wheat.  2.  What 
does  (6.  4.)  the  miller  sell  to  the  baker?  3.  He  sells  him  (1.) 
the  good  flour.  4.  To  whom  does  the  baker  sell  the  bread] 
5.  He  sells  it  to  the  woman.  6.  Does  the  new  arm-chair  be- 
long to  the  grandmother?  7.  No,  it  does  (6.  4.)  not  belong  to 
her  ;  it  belongs  to  the  grandfather.  8.  The  grocer  sends  the 
(1.)  waiter  the  good  butter,  and  the  waiter  sends  the  grocer  the 
money.  9.  The  hunter  pays  the  saddler  the  money.  10.  Which 
dog  belongs  to  the  hunter,  the  greyhound  or  the  setter?  11. 
Who  sends  the  tailor  the  cloth,  and  the  saddler  the  leather  % 
12.  The  tailor  sends  the  scholar  the  vest ;  the  new  coat  belongs 
to  the  merchant.  13.  The  miller  grinds  the  wheat  and  sells 
the  flour..  14.  The  grocer  pays  the  miller  the  money.  15.  To 
whom  do  you  seAdHhe  new  broom  and  the  good  butter  1  16.  I 
sent  the  broom  to  the  grocer,  and  I  sent  the  butter  to  the 
waiter.     17.  Thomas  sent  his  friend  a  pencil  and  a  good  book. 

18.  Does  the  hunter  send  anything  to  the  peasant]  19.  He 
sends  him  nothing  (he  does  not  send  him  anything).  20.  No- 
body sent  him  anything.  21.  I  sent  him  this  exercise;  it 
belongsyto  that  scholar. 


48  LESSON    7. 

@rammattjif)C§.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Dative  answers  mainly  to  the  objective  governed  by  a 
preposition  (4.). 

The  Dative  endings  of  the  gender-ending  words  (1.  2.)  and 
of  the  Possessive  Pronouns,  &c.  (2.  1.)  are: 

Cm,  Masculine.  tt,  Feminine.  cm,  Neuter. 

jert-cm,  fen-cr,  jen-cm. 

mein-cm,  member,  mem-cm. 

The  Dative  of  cr  and  e§  is  if)tn  ;  that  of  fie  is  iljr. 

2.  Adjectives  in  the  Dative,  when  preceded  by  a  modifying 
word  (1.  2.,  2.  1.),  end  in  all  genders  in  Ctt ;  otherwise  they 
take  the  gender-endings  (cm,  cr,  Clll,   1) : 

3ft  ber  Mantel  von  Maueitt  ©ammet,  von  Is  the  cloak'  of  blue  velvet,  of  blue 

Mauem  Zufot  ober  von  Waiter  (Setbe?  cloth,  or  of  blue  silk  ? 

SBa$  fagte  er  von  bem  blauCtt  Sammet,  What  did  he  say  of  the  blue,  velvet, 

bem  Maueit  Zufy?  unb  bet  Mauet!  of  the  blue  cloth,  and  of  the  blue 

<?etbe.  silk  ? 

When  a  word  which  ends  in  el,  en,  Cr  takes  an  additional  syllable  be- 
ginning with  e,  one  C  is  often  dropped  : 

rfMc,  for  eit'dc;  etMem,  for  ett=etem;  ettet^n,  for  ettel=en ;  &c. 
eMte,  for  eocene ;  eo=*ne3,  for  efr^eneS ;  efc^nen,  for  efe^encn ;  &c. 
unf=re,  for  unf^ere ;     unfer^m,  for  unfer^em ;    unfer^n,  for  nnfer^cn ;  &c. 

3.  The  Dative  precedes  the  Accusative  when  both  cases  are 
governed  by  the  same  verb,  except  when  the  Accusative  is  a 
Personal  Pronoun  : 

£err  <3temtt>a»  fcfytcfte  metnem  Breunbe,  Mr.  Steinway  sent  my  friend,  Pro- 

9)rofeffor  £elmf)ol$,  vorgeftern   etnen  fessor    Helmholz,    an    excellent 

ait$ge$etdjnete'n  ^liigel.  grand-piarto,  day  before  yesterday. 

Iter  3**ger  verfewfte  bem  23auer  etnen  The  hunter  sold  the  peasant  a  hare 

£afen  unb  fdjtcfte  tyn  u)m.  and  sent  it  to  him. 

Of  two  nouns,  however,  both  denoting  persons,  the  Accusative,  when 
specially    emphasized,  may  precede  : 

(£r  ernvfal)!  ben  £>a tl+itmann  bem  ®ene*=       He  recommended  the  captain  to  the 
ral,  or  bem  ©eneral  ben  £auptmann.  general. 


INTERROGATIVE    WORDS. 


49 


4.    The  Dative  denotes  that  with  reference  to  which  anything 
is  or  is  done  : 


(£r  ttctljm  tfjm  ba3  ©cfyroert. 

(Er  mad)te  bcm  Wlakx  em  ^Jult  unb 

fcfytcfte  e$  tf)tn. 
2)er  £afe  entfam'  bcm  £unbe. 


He  took  the  sword  from  him. 

He  made  (for)  the  painter  a  desk, 

and  sent  it  to  him. 
The  hare  escaped  (from)  the  dog. 


5.   The  Dative  is  sometimes  used  instead  of  the  Genitive  case 
or  a  Possessive  Pronoun  : 


din  <5d)u£  tobtete  u)m  bct3  $ferb. 
2)em  Jtonige  rotrb  etn  Strut  gerfcf>inet- 
tert 


A  shot  killed  his  horse. 
The  arm  of  the  king  (an  arm  to  the 
king)  is  shattered. 


6.  As  the  object  of  Prepositions  and  some  Verbs,  the  Genitive 
and  Dative  answer  simply  to  the  objective  : 


(ikben'fe  betneS  (£tbe3 ! 

2B£frenb  bed  (SommerS. 

3$  banfe  3^nen;   (Sie  ^aben  metnem 

^reunbe  fefn*  roetfe  gera'tfyen. 
2Btr  begeg'neten  t(nn  lejjten  SKonrag. 
8Btr  gin'gcn  mit  tfym  nadj  ber  <3tabr. 
9?a$  einem  ©eroitter  iji  bte  l*uft  ret 
<Ste  troijten  ber  ©efafyr. 
2lMr  beburfen  eurcr  £ulfe. 
Araft  fctneS  51mte3  tterfjaftete  er  tljn. 
&utt  eineS  33errrage£. 
(fr  antruortete  mir  ntcbt. 


Remember  thy  oath  ! 

During  the  summer. 

I  thank  you  ;  you  have  advised  my 

friend  very  wisely. 
We  met  him  last  Monday. 
We  went  with  him  to  the  city. 
After  a  thunder-storm  the  air  is  pure. 
They  braved  the  danger. 
We  need  your  aid. 
By  virtue  of  his  office  he  arrested  him. 
According  to  a  treaty. 
He  did  not  answer  me. 


7.    The  principal  Interrogative  words  occur  in  the  following 

sentences  : 


SfBann  unb  roarum'  roar  er  fyter  ? 

2©aS  ttitnfcfye  er  ? 

2Ba3  fiir  ein  f&nd)  t>at  er  ? 

2£er  unb  wo  i|t  er  ? 

SBie  alt  t|t  er  ? 

2Be3baI6'  roartet  er  fo  lange  ? 

SBelcfyeS  9>ferb  unb  roetcfyen  SBagen  rotrb 

er  f aufen  ? 
2Bomtt'  fdjreiot  er  ? 
2Bo»on'  fpredben  <3te  ? 


When  and  why  was  he  here  ? 

What  did  he  wish  ? 

What  kind  of  (what  for)  a  hook  has  he  ? 

Who  and  where  is  he  ? 

How  old  is  he  ? 

Wherefore  does  he  wait  so  long  ? 

Which  horse  and  which  carriage  will 

he  buy  ? 
Wherewith  is  he  writing  ? 
Whereof  are  you  speaking  ? 


50 


LESSON   8. 


Seftiott  8. 


Lesson  8. 


DECLENSION    OP    NOUNS.       POSITION    OF   SUBJECT    AND   VERB. 


id)  fjafce 
er  fyat 
ttrir  fyaben 
\k  fyaben 


I  have 
he  has 
we  have 
they  have 


gtefien,  to  love. 

id)  fycttte 


o 


S5cif|iicle. 

©in  9k$bar  3bre3  SBntberS  $at  bem 
2Mer  etnen  2Bagen  perfanft'. 

Stnna  bat  LHu'fenS  33ud),  Sutfe  l;at  2Itt* 
naS  $et>er  genabt. 

2Btr  baben  auf  tfm  geroar'tet. 

2fiir  baben  tfm  nid)t  erroar'tet. 

(£3  fyat  fe^r  ftarf  gereg'net. 

(Sptelen  ©ie  Sc^ac^  ? 

3}crige  £8od)e  (6.  3.)  fpiette  idj  em  roentg. 

©pielen  <Ste  gem  blaster'  ? 

^Netn,  id)  fptele  nidjt  gem,  aber  id)  bore 
gem  sprofeffbr  28bltge  fpieten. 

SBfirtcrticrjcti^nti?. 

£er  3tatie'ner,  -9,  the  Italian. 

£)er  Dcean,  -3,  the  ocean. 

<Der  Dff^ier',  -5,  the  officer. 

2)er  9?t)ein,  -3,  the  Rhine. 

£)er  (Sanger,  -3,  the  singer,    ii  =  i. 

^er  <Sd)reiner,  -3,  the  joiner. 

©er  £ifd),  -e3,  the  table. 

Xit  Sranbung,  -,  the  surf. 

Tie  Sanbfdjafr,  -,  the  landscape. 

"Die  2Bad)t,  -,  the  watch,    dj  =  tch. 

XaB  ©emdl'be,  -$,  the  picture. 

£a$  ftlapicr',  -3,  the  piano. 

T>a$  Sieb,  -e$,  the  song. 

£)a$  <3d)ad),  -3,  the  chess. 

Sim  (an  bem),  on  the  (24.  2.). 


er  fyatte 
mir  fatten 
fte  fatten 


I  had 
he  had 
we  had 
they  had  J 


Examples. 

A  neighbor  of  your  brother  has  sold 
(to)  the  painter  a  carriage. 

Anna  has  Louisa's  book  ;  Louisa  has 
had  Anna's  pen  (Anna's  pen  had). 

We  have  waited  for  him. 

We  have  not  expected  him. 

It  has  rained  very  hard. 

Do  you  play  chess  ? 

Last  week  I  played  a  little. 

Do  you  like  to  play  on  the  piano  ? 

No,  1  do  not  like  it,  but  I  like  to 
hear  Professor  Woltge  play. 

Vocabulary. 

93efu'd)en,  to  visit. 

©client,  yesterday  (yester.     g  =  y). 

•Soren,  to  hear,    o  =  ea. 

3e,  ever. 

Semen,  to  study  ;  learn,    c  =  ea. 

Sftadjen,  to  make,     d)  =  k. 

9?te,  never. 

Dft,  often. 

(Selten,  seldom,    t  =  d ;  It  =  m. 

(Sptelen,  to  play. 

£r&ge,  lazy. 

SJortrejflid),  excellent. 

Betcfynen,  to  draw. 

Betgen,  to  show. 

3uroet'len,  sometimes  (2Beite,  while). 


DECLENSION    OF    NOUNS.  51 

1.  SDeldjen  ©anger  IjaUn  @ie  gebort  (3.)  ?  2.  3$  fyaBe  ben 
jungen  3tatiener  get)b'rt  (5.),  welder  (7.)  fo  oft  tyter  ftngt  (6.). 
3.  3$  ^abc  itjn  oft  gefybrt.     4.  SBir  t>abeit  i()n  felten  gefybrt. 

5.  SRciit  ©ruber  Hermann  l)0t  ifyn  me  gefybrt.  6.  Der  ©ofyn  be$ 
Dfftjtetfg  unb  id)  fyaben  juroeilen  ©cbacfy  gefplelt.  7.  £)er  ©ruber 
meines  greunbeS  fyat  fefyr  otel  gelernt.  8.  $abm  @ie  je  bte 
©ranbung  be£  CceanS  gebbrt?  9.  3$  fyafce  fie  guroetlen,  aber 
ntd)t  oft  gefybrt.     10.   2£a$  fyat  ber  fletgtge  ©djremer  gemad)t? 

11.  (£r  fyat  bem  ©djiiler  (7.  3.)  emeu  i)iibfd)en  £tfd)  gemad)t. 

12.  Jperr  unb  gran  Seber  fyabtn  graulein  Wleifoex  em  I)ubfd)e3 
Easier  gefdjicft     13.  graulein  feigner  fpielt  oortreffltd)  (1.  3.). 

14.  £er  Wakv  Ijat  xmd  bas^  fd)bne  ©emalbe  gqeigt.  15.  3d)  fyabt 
geftern  ba3  £ieb  „bie  2Bad)t  am  d\i)dn"  gel)brt.  16.  $ietne 
©cfyroefter  Ijat  eine  2anbfd)aft  ge$eid)net,  rcelcbe  fel)r  fd)bn  ift. 
17;  S5ie  otel  Zu%  $at  ber  Jtaufmann  fyeute  oerfauft?  18.  <Sr 
f)at  fet)r  toenig  oerfauft,  aber  inet  gefauft.  19.  2$ie  stel  §at  ber 
©fitter  Vwte  gelernt  ?  20.  (£r  bat  toentg  gelernt,  benu  er  ift  fet)r 
trage*    21.  ©ie  3eid)nen  fefyr  gut 

Exercise  17.       W^ 

1.  We  have  learned  (3.)  our  lesson  (5.).  2.  Has  Hermann 
learned  his  lesson  1  3.  He  has  learned  it  (2.  2.).  4.  Have  you 
heard  that  young  singer  rl     5.  We  have  often  heard  him  (5.). 

6.  Has  Gerhard  ever  heard  him  1  7.  He  has  never  heard  him. 
8.  Who  is  always  diligent  1  9.  When  have  you  visited  your 
uncle  Immish  1  10.  I  have  visited  him  to-day.  11.  He  has 
seldom  visited  i;s,  for  he  has  a  great  deal  to  do.  12.  How 
much  blue  cloth  have  you  bought?  13.  I  have  not  bought 
very  much.     14.  Who  sent  Miss  Meissner  her  beautiful  piano  1 

15.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Weber  sent  it  to  her  (7.  3.).  16.  Has  Mr. 
Ileimer  shown  his  friend  (7.  3.)  the  new  painting  that  he  has 
bought  (6.)1  17.  Yes,  he  has  shown  it  to  him.  18.  Has  the 
cabinet-maker  made  the  scholar's  desk'?  19.  No,  but  he  has 
made  the  teacher's  table.  20.  Here  is  the  new  desk  that  he 
has  made  (6.).     21.  I  play,  but  I  do  not  play  very  well  (1.  3.). 


52 


LESSON 


®ramtnattfd)e0.  Grammatical. 

1.  Nouns  have  three  forms  of  inflection,  called  the  Old,  the 
New,  and  the  Mixed  declensions. 

1.  Nouns  ending  in  the  gen.  sing,  in  e§  or  $  are  of  the   Old  Declension. 

2.  Nouns  ending  in  the  gen.  sing,  in  cit  or  n  are  of  the   New  Declension. 

3.  Nouns  partly  of  the  Old  and  partly  of  the  Neio  are  of  the  Mixed  Declension. 

2.  Nouns  of  the  Old  Declension,  when  ending  in  an  accented 
syllable,  add  cl  in  the  genitive  and  e  in  the  dative ;  those  hav- 
ing the  last  syllable  unaccented,  ending  in  c  or  a  liquid,  are  only 
varied  by  adding  3  in  the  genitive. 

1.  The  C  of  the  dative  is  often  omitted  ;  also  sometimes  the  c  of  the 
genitive,  when  the  noun  does  not  end  in  a  sibilant  letter. 

2.  The  names  of  persons  ending  in  0,  J,  or  in  a  similar  sound,  usually 
take  en0  in  the  genitive  ;  feminine  names  in  t  add  ll$  ;  others  add  g  : 

Nom.    Sorenj,  ©ufhw,  SBityelm,         Sui'fe,  tact. 

Gen.     2oren$*en3,         @u|to»*3,       2Bityelm*3,      £uife*n3,       3fnna=3. 

3.  Proper  names  omit  the  genitive  ending,  when  that  case  is  indicated 
by  another  word  : 

Tie  S3ereb'famfett  ettteg  (Etcerc.  The  eloquence  of  a  Cicero. 

2)a$  Set-en  ber  $5mgin  Suife.  The  life  of  (the)  Queen  Louisa, 

ftriebrtd)  be$  Btvetten  Steoje'rung.  Frederic  the  Second's  reign. 


Old  Declension  of  Nouns  with  the  Definite  Article. 

Nom.  ber  Sftater,  the  painter. 

Gen.  beS  9Mer=g,  the  painter's. 

Dat.  bem  Scaler,  to,  for  the  painter. 

Ace.  ben  SWaler,  the  painter. 

Nom.  ber  SSflann,  the  man. 

Gen.    be£  9ftann*e£,  the  man's. 

Dat,    bem  SRamve,  to,  for  the  man. 

Ace.    ben  3ftcmn,  the  man. 

3.  The  Perfect  Participle  (in  verbs  of  the  New  Form,  11.  1.) 
is  formed  by  suffixing  t  or  et  to  the  root,  and  to  those  accented 
on  the  first  syllable,  prefixing  ge  : 

tterfauf =en,  to  sell ;    tterfauf^t,  sold.     I  fauf^en,  to  buy  ;      Qthuf^t,  bought. 
&elieb'*en,  to  please  ;  klte&4,  pleased.  |  lichen,  to  love  ;      gc4tef>4,  loved. 


baa  ftinb, 

the  child. 

be$  mnb*t§, 

the  child's. 

bem  iluuve, 

to,  for  the  child. 

baa  $mb, 

the  child. 

bie  ftrau,  "| 

Feminine   common 

ber  %xau,    1 

nouns  are  unde- 

ber  $rau,    [ 

clined  in  the  sin- 

bie $rau,  J 

gular  (6.  2.). 

POSITION    OF    SUBJECT    AND    VERB.  53 

4.  In  Independent  sentences,  not  beginning  with  the  sub- 
ject, the  verb  (in  compound  tenses  the  auxiliary)  usually  pre- 
cedes the  subject  : 

2)ort  fteftt  ber  3ager.  Yonder  stands  the  hunter. 

£)ort  jtefjt  er.  Yonder  he  stands. 

Dft  fyctt  cr  geltttert.     -  Often  has  he  suffered, 

©eftern  war  e3  fait.  Yesterday  it  was  cold. 

$mte  ift  e$  Ijeijj.  To-day  it  is  (is  it)  hot. 

ttnt),  ttficr,  affein,  ttntl,  fonbem,  nihttltdj,  Oiiet,  are  regarded  as  merely 
connecting  sentences,  and  hence  they  do  not  influence  the  collocation. 

5.  In  Independent  sentences  the  verb  in  the  Present  and 
Imperfect  tenses  precedes  the  object  (as  in  English) ;  in  other 
tenses  the  auxiliary  immediately  follows  the  subject,  and  the 
main  verb  comes  last  : 

3d)  Icfe  bad  93ud).  I  am  reading  the  book. 

3d)  fyafre  e3  fd)on  getefen.  I  have  already  read  it. 

(E3  i|t  notfjtg,  beittlid)  ju  fpredjen.  It  is  necessary  to  speak  distinctly. 

6.  In  Subordinate  sentences  the  verb  is  placed  last;  the 
auxiliary,  when  used,  following  the  main  verb  : 

(Er  fud)t  etn  33udj,  roetcfyeS  i^  feabe.  He  is  looking  for  a  book  that  I  have. 

(Er  f)at  ba$  33ud),  tt>etd)e3  id)  gelefen  Ijafc.  He  has  the  book  that  I  have  read. 

(Er  fdjrtefc  etnen  33ricf  an  fetnen  SSater,  He  wrote  a  letter  to  his  father  while 
tta'Ijreni)  id)  Me  SCbenbpoft  Ia3.  I  read  the  Evening  Post. 

7.  Interrogative  words  (7.  7.),  as  in  English,  are  also  used 
as  relatives  : 

Interrogative.  Relative. 

2Bo  ijt  er  ?  (Setjen  ©te  md)r,  roo  er  ift  ? 

Where  is  he  ?  Do  you  not  see  where  he  is  ?  ' 

SMdjer  9flamt  roar  |>ter  ?  Dtefer  ift  ber  Mann,  roetd)er  fyter  roar. 

Which  man  was  here  ?  This  is  the  man  who  was  here. 

2Barum  roar  er  r)ier  ?  (Er  fagte  nid)t,  roarum  er  t)ier  roar. 

Why  was  he  here  ?  He  did  not  say  why  he  was  here. 

2Bamt  ftnrb  er  fommett  ?  <5agte  er  3fjnen,  roarm  er  fommert  tturb  ? 

When  will  he  come  ?  Did  he  tell  you  when  he  would  (will)  come  ? 

2£a$  bat  er  gefagt  ?  3d)  glauoe  ntd)t,  toad  er  gefagt  fjat. 

What  has  he  said  ?  I  do  not  believe  what  he  has  said. 

2£te  lernte  biefer  <5d)u(er  ?  3d)  fragte  iljn,  roie  biefer  (3d)itter  lewte. 

How  did  this  scholar  learn  ?    I  asked  him  how  this  scholar  learned. 


54 


LESSON   9. 


Scftton  9. 


Lesson  9. 


DECLENSION      OF     PERSONAL     PRONOUNS.  FORMS     OF     ADDRESS. 

PRESENT    AND    IMPERFECT    OF    ^ttfieil    AND    SCUt. 


icfy  mcrbe 
er  mirb 
mx  tterben  j 
fie  iuerben 


i! 


fiiebett,  to  love 

I  shall     > 
he  will 


we  shall 
they  will 


id)  merbe 
er  roirb 

ttnr  toerben  i"fT 
fie  Herbert 


I  shall    1 
he  will 
we  shall 
they  will 


if 

< 

a- 


SBeifJiiele. 

£akn  <3ie  (EtroaS  gefauft  ? 

9tod)  ntc^t,  akr  rotr  roerben  Mb  (£tn?a3 

faufcn. 
'2Ba3  far  ber  33ud)r;anbler  3*mert  I)eute 

gefd)i(ft  ? 
©ef)en  <3ie  mit  una  ? 
©er  Ufyrmadjer  far  mir  meine  Uljr  fcfart 

gefducft. 
©efyert  <5te  mit  un$ ! 


Examples. 

Have  you  bought  anything  ? 

Not  yet  (yet  not),  but  we  shall  soon 

buy  something. 
What  has  the  bookseller  sent  you 

to-day  ? 
Are  you  going  with  us  ? 
The  wa^ch-maker  has  already  sent 

me  my  watch. 
Go  with  us  ! 


SBorterberjeidjnij?. 

$er  SIBenb,  -3,  the  evening. 

©er  banner,  -3,  carman,  drayman. 

©er  Coffer,  -$,  the  trunk  (coffer). 

©er  9ftorgen,  -i,  the  morning. 

©er  ftegert,  -3,  the  rain. 

©er  £ifd)ter,  -3,  cabinet-maker. 

©er  tU)rmad)er,  -3,  watch-maker. 

$te  Uf)r,  -  the  watch. 

$a§  ®ra3,  -e$,  the  grass. 

©a3  Dfcfi,  -e3,  the  fruit. 

©a3  9)utt,  -e$,  the  desk. 

Salb,  soon. 

©efcfaf  tigt,  busy. 

%xty,  early. 

$iird)ten,  to  fear. 


Vocabulary. 

®Ietcr<,  immediately. 

£offert,  to  hope,    fjf  =  p. 

•£>cter»,  to  go  for,  to  get. 

Wtytn,  to  mow. 

SWorgen,  to-morrow. 

9ftorgert  frill),  to-morrow  morning. 

fRetf,  ripe,    f  =  p. 

9tunb,  round,    u  =  OU. 

©cfart,  already. 

©trtgen,  to  sing. 

©orgfciltig,  careful. 

Uekrmorgen,  day  after  to-morrow. 

SBatm,  when,    a  =  e. 

2Barmn',  why. 

2Bieberfa'len,  repeat. 


DECLENSION    OF    PERSONAL    PRONOUNS.  55 

Wfyt^nk  SlufgaBe. 

1,  SBattn  nurb  ber  jnnge  3taltcner  ftngen?  2.  @r  ttnrb  morgen 
ftngen  (8,  5.).  3.  SBerben  ©te  ifyn  morgen  fyoren  ?  4.  3d)  toerbe 
tfyn  itbermorgen  bbren.  5,  2$tr  tuerben  nnfere  Slufgabe  fyente 
2Ibenb  ober  morgen  frity  fdjretben.  6.  SSann,  wo  nnb  rate  tr-erben 
©ie  3^re  Slufgabe  fdjreiben  ?  7.  3d)  tuerbe  fte  (2.  2.)  morgen 
ju  £anfe  fefyr  forgfatttg  fcbretben.  8.  SBann  ttnrb  ber  Ufyrmacber 
3t)nen  3bre  neue  Ut?r  fdjtden  ?  9,  (Sr  ttnrb  fie  mir  ntcfyt  fdn'dert, 
td)  toerbe  fie  fyolen.  10.  Dtefes  Dbft  ioirb  balb  reif  fetn.  11. 
SBarum  l>at  ber  farmer  meinen  Coffer  nidjt  gefyolt?  12.  (Er  war 
fefyr  befcfydftigt $  er  nurb  it)n  (2.  2.)  gletd)  fyolen.  13.  SBann  toer* 
ben  ©ie  3t)r  ®ra3  mafyen  ?  14.  2£ir  tjaben  e$  fcbon  gemat)t. 
15.  SBann  ttnrb  ber  ©cfynetber  ben  Rod  gemad)t  ijaben't  1(3.  3<fy 
f)offc,  nur  tuerben  morgen  jn.^aufe  fetn.  17.  $?etn  s£ater  fyoffr, 
©te  werben  nn$  balb  befncfyen.  18.  SBamt  trtrb  ber  Sifcfyler  ben 
runben  £tfd)  unb  ba3  grofe  ^>ult  madden?  19.  (Er  fyat  fte  fcfyon 
gemacfyr.  20.  3d)  fiircfyte  nnb  ©te  fyoffcn,  ttu'r  ioerben  morgen 
9tegen  fyaben.  21.  ££>te  beftnben  ©te  ftd)  ?  -22.  3d)  banfe  3fyncn 
(7.  4.),  id)  beftnbe  mid)  toofyl.  23.  9ftng  i&>  btefe  Slnfgabe  nueber* 
Men  ? 

Exercise  19. 

1.  Shall  you  write  your  exercise  carefully  (9.)  1  2.  I  shall 
write  it  (2.  2.)  very  carefully.  3.  Who  will  make  you  a  table1? 
4.  The  cabinet-maker  will  make  us  a  table.  5.  Will  he  make 
it  soon'*  6.  Yes,  he  will  make  it  very  soon.  7.  Shall  you  be 
at  home  to-morrow  1  8.  WTe  shall  be  in  Dresden  to-morrow. 
9.  We  shall  be  at  home  day  after  to-morrow.  10.  WThen  will 
the  merchant  be  in  Stralsund  1  11.  He  will  be  in  Stralsund 
to-morrow  morning.  12.  W^ben  will  the  drayman  go  for  the 
trunk?  13.  He  will  go  for  it  this  evening.  14.  Will  the 
peasant  mow  his  grass  soon1?  15.  He  will  mow  it  day  after 
to-morrow.  16.  I  hope  we  shall  have  rain  to-morrow.  17. 
When  shall  you  go  to  get  your  watch  1  18.  I  have  already  got 
it.      19.  Will  this  fruit  soon  be  ripe  1     20.   I  hope  you  are  (find 


56 


LESSON   9. 


yourself)  very  well.     21.  I  will  visit  you  to-morrow  evening. 
22.  Which  exercise  must  I  repeat  1 


®ramma'tifd)c§. 

Grammatical 

1.   Declension  of  Personal  Pronouns. 

First  Person.         Second  Person. 

Third  Person. 

Singular. 

Singular. 

Norn,  id),        I. 

bu,       thou. 

cr,       he.         fte,     she. 

e3,     it. 

Gen.   nteiner,  of  me. 

betner,  of  thee. 

fetner,  of  him.  jtljrer,  of  her. 

feiner,ofit- 

Bat.   mix,  to,  for  me. 

btr,  to,  for  thee. 

ifym,to,for  him.'  if)r,to,forher. 
tfm,     him.      Ijte,     her. 

tijm,  for  it. 

Ace.   mid),     me. 

bid),     thee. 

e$,     it. 

Plural. 

Plural.    All  Genders.    (L.  1.  4.) 

Nom.  Jrtr,    we. 

u)r,  you. 

fte,       they               (<Ste). 

Gen.   unfer,  for  ns. 

ener,  of  you. 

fi)rer,    of  them          (3^er)» 

Bat.   imS,    to,  for  us. 

cud),  to,  for  you. 

iljnen,  to,  for  them   (Sfynen)* 

Ace.   l«t§,   ns. 

cud),  you. 

,        fte,       them               (©te)* 

2.  Among  intimate  friends  and  in  poetic,  devotional,  and 
oratorical  language,  the  pronouns  of  the  second  person  are  used : 

tfarfdjeu,  »a3  tyajt  bu  ?  Charley,  what  have  you  ? 

£>ein  ifi  ba3  9?eid).  Thine  is  the  kingdom. 

5?ennfl  bu  bad  Sanb  ?  Knowest  thou  the  land  ? 

Sinber,  3$r  tyo&t  genua/  gefptrit.  Children,  you  have  played  enough. 

3.  When  <2>te  is  used  for  the  second  person,  the  form  of 
Interrogative  and  Imperative  sentences  is  the  same,  except  that 
with  fetlt  the  imperative  is  fetCtt  ©tC  : 

5?ommen  <Ste  Mb  mieber  ? 
^omnteu  ©te  Balb  nneber ! 
<5tnb  ©ie  ntubc  ? 
©eten  ©ie  nu)tg ! 


Are  you  coming  again  soon  ? 
Come  again  soon  ! 
Are  you  weary  ? 
Be  quiet  ! 


4.  The  pronouns  of  the  first  and  second  persons  are  also  used 
reflexively,  answering  to  the  compounds  myself,  ourselves,  thyself, 
yourselves  : 

3d)  fcfm'ne  mid) ;  ttnr  fceftn'neit  un3.     I  bethink  myself ;  we  bethink  ourselves. 


PRESENT    AND    IMPERFECT    OF    HABEN    AND    SEIN. 


57 


5.    In  the  third  person  of  both  numbers  and  of  all  genders, 
the  indeclinable  pronoun  fid)  is  used  : 


(£r  kftmrt  fid). 
<Sie  kftnnen  fid). 
SB'fe  Bepnben  Siertdj  ? 

3d)  banfe  3fjnen,  i§  fceftnbe  ttti^  fefyr 

tooty, 
3d)  frebVne  mid)  btefer  ©ete'genljeit. 
Sr  ru&mt  fid)  feincr  ©ekfyrfamfett. 


He  bethinks  himself. 
They  bethink  themselves. 
How  do  you  do  (find  yourself)  ? 
I  thank  you,  I  am  (find  myself)  very 

well. 
I  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity. 
He  boasts  himself  of  his  erudition. 


6.   The  reflexive  use  of  pronouns  is  much  more  common  in 
German  than  in  English  : 


$a«  SBetter  f  eKt  fid)  auf. 

(£8  serfle^t  ftd),  ba§  ttnr  atfe  ge^en 

muffen. 
(£8    fragt    ftdj,    oft    roir    ifym    traucrt 

fonnen. 
(Sr  nimmt  ftd)   faum  Qt\t  jum  (£f* 

feu. 
6te  fonnen  vtd)  auf  un<3  serlaffcn. 
3d)  freue  mid)  baritfcr. 


The  weather  is  clearing  (itself)  up. 

Of  course  (it  understands  itself)  we 
must  all  go. 

It  is  questionable  (asks  itself)  wheth- 
er we  can  trust  him. 

He  takes  (to  himself)  scarcely  time 
to  eat. 

You  can  depend  (leave  yourself)  on  us. 

I  rejoice  (myself)  at  it. 


7.   $a(ieitf  to  have. 


Present  Tense. 

Imperfect 

Tense. 

tdj  tyafce, 

I  have. 

id)  fycttte, 

I  had. 

bit  (2.)  $afi, 

thou  hast. 

bn  (2.)  fjatteft, 

thou  hadst 

er  hat, 

he  has. 

er  fyatte, 

he  had. 

nur  fyafcett, 

we  have. 

nur  fatten, 

we  had. 

tyr  (2.)  Jjafcr, 

you  have. 

tt>r  (2.)  fatter, 

you  had. 

ftc  fyafren, 

they  have. 

fte  fatten, 

they  had. 

8.   Sein 

,  to  be. 

Present  Tense. 

Imperfect 

Tense. 

id)  tin, 

I  am. 

id)  n>ar, 

I  was. 

bu  (2.)  bi% 

thou  art. 

bu  (2.)  warfr, 

thou  wast. 

erifi, 

he  is. 

er  wax, 

he  was. 

nur  ftnb, 

we  are. 

nur  maren, 

we  were. 

ihx  (2.)  feib, 

you  are. 

tfyr  (2.)  mart, 

you  were. 

flc  ftnb, 

they  are. 

fte  maren, 

they  were. 

58 


LESSON    10. 


9.   Adverbs  follow  the  object  in  the  following  order  :  first, 

those  of  time ;  second,  of  place  ;  third,  of  manner  : 

(£r  n>ctr  nid)t  bjer.    3d)  fab,  iljn  ntd)t.  He  was  not  here.    I  did  not  see  him. 

#at  er  bid)  md)t  befudjt  ?  Has  he  not  visited  you  ? 

&$  regnete  geftern  ^ter  fe^r  ftorf .  It  rained  here  very  hard  yesterday. 

There  is,  however,  a  frequent  deviation  from  the  above  order,  especially 
when  long  adverbial  expressions  are  used  : 

(£3  regnete  ljter  »or  etittgen  2Bod)en  fefyr  It  rained  here  very  hard  some  weeks 

ftarf.  ago. 

(£$  regnete  nut  cutBeror'bentttd)er  -^efttg^  It  rained  in  this  region  with  extra- 

fett  in  biefer  ©egenb  am  jtvanjigjlen  ordinary  violence  on  the  twen- 

Styrtl'.  tieth  of  April. 




Mtion  10. 


Lesson  10. 


CONJUGATION  OF  8tCfiCttf  TO  LOVE. 

Seifjitele. 

3d)  tMrte  fd)on  etne  ©tunbe. 
3d)  warte  nod)  etne  <8tunbe. 
2Btr  ftnb  erjl:  etnen  9)?onat  f)ter. 
gr  fptclt,  anjtatt'  gu  lefen. 
(£r  serfprad/  e$,  oljne  ju  benfen. 
2)te  ©efd)tdj'te  Cft  nid)t  ju  gtauben. 
2Btr  laffen  ein  £au3  bauen. 
3d)  fat)  e3  »or  etner  <5tunbe. 


USE  OF  TENSES  AND  INFINITIVE. 

Examples. 

I  have  already  waited  an  hour. 

I  will  wait  ah  hour  yet  (still  an  hour). 

We  have  been  here  only  a  month. 

He  plays,  instead  of  reading. 

He  promised  it  without  thinking. 

The  story  is  not  to  be  believed. 

"We  are  having  a  house  built. 

I  saw  it  an  hour  ago  (before  an  hour). 


SBiirtcrUcrjetJpt^ 

Vocabulary. 

$er  $iu)rer,  -3,  the  guide. 
£)er  $affee,  -$,  the  coffee. 

23letben,  to  remain. 

Srtngen,  to  bring. 

£>er  Server,  -$,  the  teacher. 

Darin',  in  it,  therein. 

3)er  £f)ee,  -3,  the  tea. 

(£rft,  only ;  erst. 

£>er  3uder,  _g,  the  sugar. 

©emtg',  enough,    g  =  —  ;  fl  =  gh. 

$ie  ©efd)id)'te,  -  the  story,  history. 

©lauben,  to  believe,  b  =  v;  ttU  =  ie 

£te  2JWd),  -a,  the  milk,    d)  ^  k. 

<Sef)en,  to  see. 

£)te  9?adjrtd)t,  -  the  news. 

£abeltt,  to  blame. 

£>te  <Stunbe,  -  the  hour. 

©or,  before,  ago. 

£>te  2Bcu)rf)dt,  -  the  truth. 

Sorgeftern,  day  before  yesterday. 

£a§  £au£,  -€$,  the  house.    ttU  =  OU. 

SSta$rfdjetnlt<&  probable. 

2)a3  #atertanb,  -e3,  fatherland. 

Bteber,  again. 

S3i^,  tm,  until. 

2Bo$l,well.    0  =  e» 

CONJUGATION    OP    LIEBEN.  59 

.gmonjtgfic  tofgak. 

1.  2Bie  lange  rcobncn  (2.)  @ie  in  biefem  £anfe?  2.  2Bir  n?ot)* 
nen  erft  em  3aljr  barin.  3.  2Bann  fyaben  ©ie  e^  gelauft  ?  4.  3$ 
^abc  e^  »or  einem  3at)rc  gcfauft  (4.).  5.  3d)  bin  fd)on  eine 
(Stnnbe  fyier.  6.  3d)  l)abe  erft  fefyr  taenia,  gelernt.  7.  2Bte  lange 
merben  @te  fyier  bletben  ?  8.  2Gir  toerben  bttf  morgen  fyier  bletben  ; 
nnfer  5*'ennb  wirb  fctl  iibermorgen  bletben.  9.  $Qann  l)aben  ©te 
biefe  9?ad)ricfyt  gefyort?  10.  3d)  fyabe  fie  geftern  ober  ttorgeftern 
get)6rt  II.  $3arnm  fyat  ber  Sefyrer  ben  <Sd)itler  getabelt?  12.  (Er 
bat  ifyn  nid)t  getabelt.  13.  2>r  £ifd)ler  fyat  un$  einen  Sifdj  ge* 
madjt,  aber  er  fyat  ifyn  nn$  nid)t  gefd)icft.  14.  2Bir  bortennidtf, 
»a$  ber  ^itfyrer  fagtc.   15.  fringe  mir  ben  $ajfee  nnb  ben  3uder! 

16.  fteHntr,  bringen  ©ie  (9.  3.)  mir  ben  £fyee  nnb  bie  -SDWdj ! 

17.  <£>te  werben  3tyr  QSaterlanb  rcafyrfdjeinlid)  nie  iricber  fefyen. 

18.  3$  tyabe  biefe  ®efd)td)te  gefytfrt,  aber  nie  geglanbt.  19.  ©ie 
werben  fie  (2.  2.)  glanben,  benn  fie  ift  bie  SBaforfyeit.  20.  @ie 
l)aben  fiir  fyente  genng  gelernt $  leben  ©ie  mofyl  (9.  3.) ! 

Exercise  21. 

1.  We  have  (2.)  already  been  here  an  hour.  2.  Why  did 
(6.  4.)  you  sell  your  house?  3.  We  did  not  sell  it,  but  we  have 
sold  our  wagon.  4.  When  did  you  sell  your  country-seat  1 
5.  We  sold  it  a  year  ago.  6.  Has  the  cabinet-maker  sent  us 
our  table  ?  7.  No,  he  has  not  had  time  to  make  it  (8.  5.). 
8.  Has  the  painter  blamed  the  scholar  1  9.  No,  he  has  praised 
him.  10.  I  hear  what  the  guide  says,  but  I  do  not  understand 
it.  11.  How  long  will  your  friend  remain  here  1  12.  He  will 
remain  here  till  day  after  to-morrow.  13.  Bring  (9.  3.)  me  a 
book  !  14.  Send  the  scholar  a  pencil  !  15.  The  merchant  has 
sold  a  great  deal  of  sugar  and  coffee.  16.  Do  you  believe  this 
story?  17.  I  have  never  heard  it.  18.  When  shall  you  learn 
your  exercise  1  19.  I  have  already  learned  it,  and  shall  write  it 
to-morrow  morning.  20.  Visit  us  to-morrow  (in  order)  to  (7.) 
sec  our  new  horse  !  21.  Learn  diligently  (1.  3.),  write  (9.  3.) 
carefully  ! 


60 


LESSON    10. 


©rammatffdjeS.  Grammatical 

1.   Conjugation  of  IteBen,  to  love. 

Infinitive  Mood. 


Present. 

Perfect. 

lieben, 

to  love.                geliebt  Jjaben,  to  have  loved. 

Participles. 

Present.                                              Perfect. 

tiebent 

>,  loving.                             geltebr,  loved. 

Indicative  Mood. 

Present  Tense. 

Imperfect  Tense. 

id)  liebe, 

I  love. 

id)  Uebte,              I  loved. 

bu  liebft, 

thou  lovest. 

bu  Hebteft,            thou  lovedst. 

cr  Itebt, 

he  loves. 

cr  liebre,               he  loved. 

nrir  Heben, 

we  love. 

unr  Uebren,           we  loved. 

tt)r  liebt, 

you  love. 

t()r  liebter,           you  loved. 

fie  lieben, 

they  love. 

fie  (tebten,            they  loved. 

Pgr/eci 

Tense. 

Pluperfect  Tense. 

idj  ^abe 

I  have 

id)  (jatre 

I  had 

- 

bu  t)ajr 

thou  hast 

bu  X>atteft 

thou  hadst 

er  fyat 

CO 

he  has 

o 

er  X>atte 

^     he  had 

c 

mtr  fyaben 

we  have 

toir  fatten 
Ujr  fyattet 

S*     we  had 

t 
t 

tf)r  f)abt 

you  have 

you  had 

jte  fyaben  _, 

they  have 

fie  fatten  J 

they  had 

- 

First  Fut 

ire  Tense. 

Second  Future  Tense. 

id)  roerbe 

I  shall      ' 

tdj  tt*erbc 

)         I  shall     1 
co 
2*    thou  wilt 

bu  roirji 

thou  wilt 

bu  nnrft 

p 

er  tuirt) 

►   '3s 

he  will 

^  'o 

er  tr-trb 

S*    he  will 

9 

itur  Herbert 

3 

we  shall 

a> 

\mv  rcerbcn 

Ijf    we  will 

o4 

ibr  n?erbet 

you  will 

tfyr  roerbet 

2    you  will 

fie  tuerben 

they  will^ 

fie  Herbert 

they  will  J 

Imperative  Mood. 
Hebe  (t>u),  love  (thou).  litbti  or  liebt  (tt)r),  love  (ye  or  you) 


V 


USE    OF    TENSES    AND    INFINITIVE.  61 

2.  The  Present  Tense,  often  with  an  adverb,  is  used  to 
denote  the  past  time  of  a  still  continuing  action  or  state,  where 
in  English  the  Perfect  is  used  : 

3$  ttarte  fd)on  etne  ganje  ©hmbe  auf  I  (wait)  have  already  waited  a  whole 

©te.  hour  for  you. 

3d)   Bin    fdjott    em    3a$r    in    biefem  I  have  been  (already)  a  year  in  this 

Sanbe.  country. 

3d)  fenne  £errn  9?.  faum  einen  5ftc*  I  have  known  Mr.   N.   scarcely  a 

nctt.  month. 

2)iefer  ©turm   ttmtfjet   fdjon   »ier  unb  This  storm  has  already  raged  twenty- 

$n>an$tg  ©tunben.  four  hours. 

3.  The  Present  Tense  is  often  used  for  the  Future,  or  to 
indicate  purpose  or  ability  : 

3d)  roarte  Wo3  etne  ©tunbe  auf  ©te.  I  shall  wait  only  an  hour  for  you. 

3d)  nef)tne  ©te  gent  nttt,  ofcer  id)  toarte  I  will  gladly  take  you  with  me,  but 

nur  eine  ©tunbe.  I  shall  (can)  wait  only  an  hour. 

9Btr  gefyen  morgen  frttt).  We  (shall)  go  to-morrow  morning. 

3d)  ertra'ge  e3  ntd)t.  I  can  (or  will)  not  endure  it. 

3d)  gek  ntd)t  mel)r  bafur'.  I  will  give  no  more  for  it. 

4.  The  Perfect  Tense,  when  denoting  a  period  of  time  fully 
past,  is  rendered  by  the  English  Imperfect  : 

Sr  t)at  unS  geftern  fcefudjt.  He  (has)  visited  us  yesterday. 

5.  The  Infinitive  active  often  has  a  passive  signification  : 

£>tefe3  £au3  ifl  ju  ttermte'tfjen.  This  house  is  to  (be)  let. 

£)a3  9)ferb  tft  gu  serfaufen.  The  horse  is  to  be  sold  (to  sell). 

3d)  Xaffe  33rob  Wen.  I  send  for  bread. 

(£r  Icipt  ein  £au3  bauen.  He  is  having  a  house  built. 

©te  ld§t  einen  £>ut  mad)en.  She  is  having  (getting)  a  hat  made. 

©3  t|t  nid)t  $u  glcutkn.  It  is  not  to  be  believed. 

2)a3  $ferb  lapt  fid)  fangen.  The  horse  lets  itself  be  caught. 

©te  taffen  fid)  ntd)t  fefyen.  You  do  not  let  yourself  be  seen. 

2Ba3  Iajjt  ftd)  bauon  fagen  ?  What  can  (lets  itself)  be  said  about  it  ? 

6.  The  Infinitive  is  rendered  by  our  Present  Participle  : 
1     After  the  prepositions  Ultfttttt',  instead  of,  and  jljttC,  without; 

2.  As  a  verbal  noun,  usually  with  the  definite  article  ;  and 

3.  After  Jjabeit  and  QEJjett  in  a  few  expressions  : 


62  LESSON    10. 

<£r  ftyretft,  anftott  ju  lefen.  He  writes  instead  of  reading. 

(Er  ftricfyt,  ol)ne  ju  benfen.  He  speaks  without  thinking. 

3$  f)6re  bad  Sraufcn  bed  SBinbed.  I  hear  the  roaring  of  the  wind. 

£>ad  Saufcn  eram'tct.  (The)  running  fatigues. 

<£r  f>at  etne  ftlinte  an  bcr  2Banb  ^ahgeit.  He  has  a  gun  hanging  on  the  wall. 

(Er  odU  ftfckn.  He  is  going  a  fishing. 

7.  lint  JU  signifies  m  order  to,  or  simply  £o,  before  the 
infinitive  : 

SWan  (eft;  urn  git  Ierneit,  unb  lernt,  um       One  lives  (in  order)  to  learn,  and 
flu  leben.  learns  (in  order)  to  live. 

SBtebcrljoIimg.  Recapitulation. 

Zwei  und  zwanzigste  Aufgabe. 

1.  Wohnen  Sie  schon  lange  in  diesem  Hause  1  2.  J  a,  wir 
wolmen  schon  sehr  lange  darin.  3.  Wie  lange  warten  Sie 
schon'?  4.  Ich  warte  erst  eine  Stunde.  5.  Ich  warte  noch 
eine  Stunde,  und  dann  gehe  ich.  6.  Sie  werden  diese  Nach- 
richt  gehbrt  haben,  ehe  er  kommt.  7.  Wissen  Sie  wer  dieses 
Fraulein  ist  1  8.  Nein,  aber  ich  glaube,  es  ist  Fraulein  Keller. 
9.  Herr  Held  ist  ein  alter  Freund  meiner  Mutter.  10.  Wir 
erwarten  jeden  Augenblick  einen  Freund  aus  Paris';  warten  Sie 
dock,  bis  er  kommt.  11.  Ich  bedaure  sehr,  aber  ich  muss  gleich 
gehen.  12.  Entsclmldigen  Sie  mich,  mein  Herr,  konnen  Sie 
mir  nicht  sagen,  wo  Doktor  Meissner  wohnt?  13.  Ja,  er  wohnt 
in  diesem  Hause,  aber  er  ist  jetzt  nicht  zu  Hause.  14.  Wer  ist 
diese  Frau  1  15.  Es  ist  Frau  Stoll.  16.  Dieser  alte  Herr  ist 
unser  Nachbar.  17.  Reisen  Sie  gliicklich  !  18.  Besuchen  Sie 
uns  recht  bald  wieder  !  19.  Das  Madchen  lobt  sich  nicht,  aber 
sie  lobt  ihren  kleinen  Bruder.  20.  Ich  gehe  zu  dem  Buch- 
handler,  um  ein  neues  Buch  zu  kaufen.  21.  Dieses  kalte  Wasser 
ist  nicht  angenehm.  22.  Ich  trinke  nicht  gern  kalten  Thee. 
23.  Leben  Sie  wohl,  mein  Fraulein  !  24.  Mein  Herr,  ich  hoffe, 
wir  werden  Sie  bald  in  Dresden  sehen.  25.  Was  ist  zu  thun  % 
26.  Hier  ist  keine  Herberge  zu  finden.  27.  Anstatt  zu  schla- 
fen  und  ohne  zu  essen,  miissen  wir  gehen.  28.  Das  Gehen  und 
Fasten  hat  mich  ganz  erschopft. 


PLAN    OF    COMPOSING    GERMAN.  63 

Plan  of  Composing  German. 

This  plan,  although  essentially  the  same  as  originally  pre- 
sented in  the  author's  New  Method  with  German,-  has  been  ar- 
ranged in  the  present  work  with  a  view  to  its  earlier  and  more 
general  application.  The  art  of  "thinking  in  a  foreign  lan- 
guage "  —  which  is  indispensable  to  its  ready  use  —  can  only 
be  acquired,  as  in  one's  native  language,  by  the  habit  of  as- 
sociating the  peculiar  forms  of  the  language  with  the  cor- 
responding thoughts.  In  applying  this  plan,  any  German  sen- 
tence, within  the  scope  of  preceding  rules,  may  be  made  a  model 
for  the  practice  of  the  class  in  forming  similar  sentences  com- 
posed either  wholly  or  in  part  of  other  words.  This  process, 
while  serving  as  a  practical  and  impressive  review  of  previous 
Lessons,  enables  the  learner  to  avoid  the  common  and  natural 
error  of  turning  English  modes  of  thought  and  expression  into 
merely  literal  German. 

The  manner  in  which  sentences  may  be  varied,  or  new  ones  formed,  is 
sufficiently  indicated  in  the  following  examples  : 

2Md)Cr  9Jtonn  iff  retcf)  unb  welder  $cann  ijt  arm  ?  (STufga&e  1.,  <3a£  4.) 
Substitute  $rau  or  5?inb  for  Wtann  (2Betcf)C  $rau  iff  retd)  unb  tt>efcf)e  grau  ijt 
arm  ?  or  2Beld)C0  $mb  ijt  retcf)  unb  meld)C$  $tnb  iff  arm  ?) ;  or  biefer  and  jener 
for  roeldjer  (Dtefcr  3flann  ijt  retcf)  unb  jener  $cann  iff  arm  ;  or  luefe  %xau  iff  retd) 
unb  jene  grau  iff  arm ;  or  2)tcfe$  ftinb,  &c.) ;  or  jufrieben  and  tmjufrieben  for 
reid)  and  arm,  &c.  (2Belcf)er  9)iann  ijt  gufrteben  unb  writer  SDcann  if}  unjufriebett  ? 
or  £iefer  9Jcann,  &c. ;  or  SBefdje  ftxau,  &c). 

3encr  angenefjme  £err,  jene  liefcenSrourbtgc  £)ame  unb  jcne£  gute  $inb  toofjnen  in 
3)armftabt.  (Stufgabe  5.,  <Safc  11.) 
Substitute  5tnak  for  £err,  fein  for  jene  and  jeneS,  ©djroefter  for  £>ame,  and 
©ruber  for  $inb  (Setter  angenefmte  $nabe,  feme  IiefeenSwurbige  <Scr>tt>efter  unb  fein 
gutcr  23ruber  tt>of)nen  in  1)armftabt) ;  or,  substitute  other  adjectives  for  ange* 
nefmt,  licbenSWurbia,,  and  gut ;  or,  any  other  place  or  country  for  £>armftabt ;  &c. 

£)er  SBacfer  serfaufte  tier  $rau  bag  ©rob.  (Sfufgafce  14.,  <Sa^  12.) 
Substitute  flaufmann  for  33acfer,  metne  <Sd)mefter  for  bte  $rau,  and  <3etbe  for 
93rob  (Der  tafmann  tterfaufte  meiner  @A»efler  iltc  <3eibe) ;  or,  retaining  these 
changes,  substitute  biefer  for  ber,  fd)icfen  for  serfaufen,  and  jeneS  for  ba$,  thus 
forming  a  wholly  new  sentence  (Diefer  tafmann  fcf)tcfte  meiner  <Scf)tt>efter  jene 
<£etbe);  &c. 

For  an  additional  number  and  variety  of  nouns,  see  Classified  List, 
pp.  271  -  295. 


64 


LESSON    11. 


fieltimt  11, 


Lesson  11. 


CONJUGATION     OF    VERBS. 


Setfjiiele. 

3dj  fjafce  baa  ©udj  gelefen,  tt>eld)e8  <Sie 

gefauft  fyaben. 
2Ber  Ijat  ben  Srtef  gefdjrte'ben  ? 
Der  Gutter  tyat  2Bet$en  gcfauft  unb  3Re# 

tterfauft. 
Die  Uf)r  fcat  ekn  ge$n  gefdjlagen. 
Sr  I)at  iifcr  flopfiuefi  geflagt. 
2Ber  fang  ba3  Ijiibfdje  Sieb  ? 
$art  l)at  ein  Ijubfd)e<3  Steb  gefungen ;  er 

ftngt  giemlid)  gut. 


Examples. 

I  have  read  the  book  (the  book  read) 
that  you  have  bought  (bought  have). 

Who  has  written  the  letter  ? 

The  miller  has  bought  wheat,  and 
sold  flour. 

The  clock  has  just  struck  ten. 

He  has  complained  of  headache. 

Who  sang  the  pretty  song  ? 

Charles  has  sung  a  pretty  song ;  he 
sings  pretty  well. 


2Bi)rtcrt):rjeirfjmfj. 

$er  ©anfter,  -3,  the  banker. 

Der  33iirftenmad)er,  -3,  brush-maker. 

Der  geberttnfd),  -e$,  feather-wisp. 

Der  £aben,  -3,  the  shop. 

Der  (Sd)erenfd)Ietfer,  -3,  scissors-grinder. 

$te  Siirfle,  -  the  brush. 

Die  £aarfeurjte,  -  hair-brush. 

Die  £utbur(te,  -,  hat-brush. 

Die  JHeiberbiirjte,  -  clothes-brush. 

Die  fftagelbiirfte,  -  nail-brush. 

Die  Bafynbitrfte,  -  tooth-brush. 

$tt$  £afd)enmeffer,  -3,  pocket-knife. 

5tud),  also. 

Sauen,  to  build. 

33ttten,  to  pray  (frttre,  please). 


Vocabulary. 

Denfen,  to  think,    fc  =  th ;  c  =  i. 

fttnben,  to  find. 

Ibjtbar,  precious,  costly. 

$ranf,  sick. 

fStuftn,  to  call. 

9tufrig,  vigorous. 

<3d)arf,  sharp,    fdj 

<3d)tafen,  to  sleep. 

<5d)tetfen,  to  grind. 

<3pred)en,  to  speak. 

©tunrpf,  dull. 

Srtnfen,  to  drink. 

Unru'fotg,  unquiet. 

SBerle'gen,  to  mislay. 

©erlte'ren,  to  lose.    tC  =  o ;  r 


i/a**tX-* 


=  sh;  f  =  p. 
Mj  =  s ;  f  =  p. 


t  =  d. 


$ret  unb  jtoanjigfle  ^ufgafie. 

L  £)a$  franfe  $inb  fd)(tef  (4.)  fdjr  unrutyg.  2.  23te  langc 
$at  e$  geftfcfafen  (5.)  ?  3.  gs  |at  md)t  fe()r  fange  gefd>lafen. 
4.  £afcen  ©ie  3t)r  netted  £afd)enmeffer  gefunfcen  ?  5.  3$  t)a^c 
c3  nid)t  gefungen,  bernt  idj  fyatte  e3  nidjt  ijedorcn.     6.  2)er  @d)u- 


CONJUGATION    OF    VERBS.  65 

ler  fanb  tfrot  foftbaren  S^ing,  metd)en  jener  33antier  tterloren 
fyatte.  7.  23itte,  geben  <5ic  mix  3§«  33ur(fe !  8.  £ier  ift  meine 
$le iberoiirfte ;  meine  iputbiirfte  fann  idj  3t)tten  nt$t  geben,  benn 
id>  t)a6e  fie  »evlegt.  9.  ©ie  §akm  mir  gu  ttiet  ©elb  gegebcn. 
10.  -SBir  fyaben  fyenre  feinen  ^affee  getrunfen.  11.  Der  aire 
<2d)erenfd)leifer  t)at  bad  ftumpfe  9flej[er  gefc^Itffen ;  er  fjat  ees  feljr 
fdjaxf  gemadjr.  12.  Der  junge,  ritfttge  9ft  ii  (ler  bat  ben  gnren 
SSctjen  gemablen  nnb  bad  5RefyI  tterfanft.  13.  Der  jnnge  3\m* 
mermann  l)at  ein  fd)ime3  neued  $au$  gebanr.  14.  2Go  ^abcn 
<5ie  3t)ren  nenen  getermifd)  gefauft?  15.  3d)  tjafce  i$n  (2.  2.) 
in  bem  £aben  jcned  23urftenmad)evd  gefauft,  mo  id)  aud)  meine 
£aarbiirjte,  meine  3ai)»biirfte  nnb  meine  9?agetburfte  faufte. 
16.  £aben  ©ie  ben  Sfyee  ofyne  3"^*  getrunlen  ?  17.  3a,  id) 
trinfe  ifjn  immer  ofyne  gudtx  nnb  obne  9ttild).  18.  6r  fyat  inel 
gelefen,  aber  menig  gebad)t  (8.).  19.  Gr  fannte  ben  Ir^t  nidjr, 
aber  er  mngre  (8.),  mo  er  mofynte.  20.  $ahzn  <5ie  tterfranben, 
mad  ©ie  get)brt  fyaben  ?  21.  SJMr  fyaben  e£  mftanbem  22.  @r 
rief  und,  aber  mtr  gingen  (8.)  nid)t  jn  U)m. 

Exercise  24. 

1.  Here  is  the  new  book  that  I  have  read  (8.  6.) ;  have  you 
read  (8.  5.)  it  1  2.  I  have  seen  it,  but  I  have  not  read  it. 
3.  Have  you  written  (5.)  a  long  letter?  4.  Here  is  the  letter 
that  I  have  written  ;  it  is  very  short.  5.  I  have  heard  the 
pretty  song,  which  the  little  child  has  sung  (5.).  6.  Where  is 
your  new  brush  1  7.  I  cannot  find  it ;  I  have  mislaid  it. 
8.  The  miller  has  bought  wheat  and  sold  flour.  9.  The 
merchant  has  lost  his  new  ring.  10.  Have  you  lost  your  new 
knife?  11.  No,  but  I  have  found  this  new  knife.  12.  I  have 
drunk  my  coffee  ;  have  you  drunk  your  tea1?  13.  The  young 
scissors-grinder  has  ground  my  old  knife.  14.  The  old  miller 
has  bought  wheat  and  ground  it.  15.  The  miller  grinds  the 
wheat;  the  scissors-grinder  grinds  the  knife.  16.  The  old 
carpenter  has  built  my  new  house.  17.  The  house  that  he  has 
built  is  for  the  merchant.  18.  They  called  (8.)  me  your  friend. 
5 


6$ 


LESSON    11. 


19.  What  have  you  done  (8.)  to-day1?  20.  I  have  read  and 
written.  21.  We  read  with  great  pleasure  the  book  which  you 
gave  us.     22.  The  fire  did  not  burn  (8.)  very  well  (1.  3.). 


©rommttttf^e§. 


Grammatical. 


1.  There  are  two  Forms  of  Conjugation,  the  Old  and  the 
flew.  Verbs  of  the  Old  Form  are  usually  called,  except  by 
German  authors,  Irregular;  and  those  of  the  New,  Regular. 
Only  verbs  of  the  New  Form  (10.  1.),  as  being  much  the  more 
numerous  and  simple,  are  conjugated  in  the  preceding  lessons. 

2.  The  following  twenty  verbs  of  the  Old  Conjugation  form 

their  present  tense  like  those  of  the  New  : 


bewe'gen, 

fommen, 

fallen, 

fdmaubett, 

fatten, 

mafyfen, 

faugcn, 

fcfyrauben, 

gene'fen, 

melfen, 

Waffcn. 

fcfyroten, 

fyauen, 

pflegen, 

fcfyaflen, 

fpaltett, 

fyeben, 

rufen, 

fdjeren, 

tueben. 

3.  Other  verbs  of  the  Old  Form,  having  the  root  vowel  0,  0, 
or  ait,  differ  from  those  of  the  New  in  the  second  and  third 
persons  singular,  by  taking  the  umlaut ;  and  those  having  the 
root-vowel  c  change  it  to  t,  except  in  befefy'fen,  empfelj'len, 
gefd)e'l)en,  tefen,  fefyen,  ftefylen,  which  change  c  to  it. 


id)  fd)fafe,      I  sleep. 
t»U  fdjlafjl,  thou  sleepest. 
er  fd)ltift,      he  sleeps. 
toix  fcfylafett,  we  sleep, 
ifyr  fcfolaft,     you  sleep, 
fie  fdjlafett,   they  sleep. 


Present  Tense. 

id)  ejfe,         I  eat.       ltd)  febe,      I  see. 
t>u  tjfeft,  thou  eatest.jbu  ftebft,  thou  seest. 


er  iffet  (t£r),  he  eats, 
rotr  effcn,      we  eat. 

ty*  e£rt/       y°u  eat- 

fie  effen,        they  eat. 


er  ftefyt,      he  sees. 
mv  fefyett,  we  see. 
Ujr  fefyt,     you  see. 
fie  feljen,    they  see. 


4.    In  the  Imperfect  Tense  the  Old  Form  changes  the  root 
vowel,  and  in  the  first  and  third  persons  singular  takes  no 


CONJUGATION    OF    VERBS. 


67 


personal-endings ;    in  the  other  persons,  it  takes  those  of  the 
Present  Tense. 

5.  In  the  Old  Conjugation  the  Perfect  Participle  has  the 
form  of  the  Infinitive,  except  that  in  most  verbs  the  root  vowel 
is  changed  j  in  the  New  Conjugation  the  Perfect  Participle  is 
formed  by  suffixing  t  (or  et)  to  the  root  (8.  3.) ;  both  Forms 
take  the  augment  gc  before  accented  syllables  only. 


6.     Old   and   New   Conjugations   compared. 


Old  Conjugation. 

New  Conji 

igation. 

fallen,  to  fall. 

©ekn,  to  give. 

fatten,  to  sound. 

fielien,  to  live 

Presen 

Tense. 

i$  fatt*e, 

tdj  gefc=e, 

id)  fyat^e, 

id)  leb*e, 

bu  fafcfc 

bit  gib-ft, 

bu  J)all-fr, 

bu  leb-jr, 

er  falK 

er  gtta, 

er  t>aU-t, 

er  leb^r, 

mx  fatten, 

tinr  geb=en, 

tmr  tyaft^eu, 

our  leb^eu, 

i%x  falH 

i|r  geb-r, 

\i)x  tyatK 

if)r  Ub4, 

fie  fatten. 

fte  gcb^eru 

fte  fyatl^eu. 

fte  leB^eu* 

Imperfei 

rf  Tense. 

id)  pel, 

id)  gab, 

id)  fjatMe, 

id)  TeUe, 

bu  ftel-ft, 

bu  gab*ft, 

bu  I)all4eft, 

bu  leb-teft, 

er  fiel, 

er  gab, 

er  fyatt^te, 

er  leb4e, 

totr  ftct^en, 

nnr  gab=en, 

ir>ir  fyalHeu, 

tmr  feb4en, 

tfyr  ftef-t, 

it)r  fjaM, 

ifyr  batUtet, 

tfyr  leb-tet, 

fte  ftel^en. 

fte  gcuVeu. 

fte  IjaMm. 

fte  leb^ten. 

7.  By  the  aid  of  rules  and  examples  already  given,  the 
learner  can  form  the  imperfect  tense  and  perfect  participle  of 
the  New  Conjugation  from  the  infinitive.  For  the  imperfect 
tense  and  perfect  participle  of  verbs  of  the  Old  Form,  see  Lists 
L.  30  &c,  and  pp.  262-271.  The  following  are  a  few  of  the  verbs 
of  the  Old  Form  : 


68 

LESSON    11. 

Present  Infinitive. 

Imperfect  Tense. 

Perfect  Participle. 

23red)en, 

break  ; 

brad),     broke ; 

gebrod)en,    broken. 

$tnbett, 

find ; 

fanb,     found ; 

gefunben,     found. 

Sefert, 

read  ; 

la$,       read ; 

gelefett,        read. 

Sflufen, 

call  j 

rief,       called ; 

gerufert,        called. 

<Sd)tagen, 

beat ; 

fd)htg,   beat ; 

gefc^Iagen,   beaten. 

<5d)reibert, 

write ; 

fd)deb,  wrote  ; 

gefcfyriebert,  written. 

SBerlierert, 

lose  ; 

serf  or,  lost; 

tterloren,      lost. 

3encr  SOTann  bort  fd)Tug  fein  $ferb ;  e$  ftet 

unb  brad)  eirt  Setn. 
'Diefer  $nak  f>at  feme  Slufgabe  febr  fd)5n 

gefd)rieben. 
£aben  <5k  3f)ren  Sletftift  serloren  ? 
3a,  aber  id)  fanb  tljtt  fyeute  SWorgen 

ttneber. 
2)a3  9ftabd)en,  rcelcbeS  <Sie  foeben  frier* 

ber  rtefen,  lieft  fel)r  gut. 


That  man  yonder  beat  his  horse  ; 
it  fell  and  broke  a  leg. 

This  boy  has  written  his  exercise 
very  beautifully. 

Have  you  lost  your  pencil  ? 

Yes,  but  I  found  it  again  this  morn- 
ing. 

The  girl  whom  you  just  called  here 
reads  very  well. 


8.  Irregular  or  anomalous  verbs  are  those  which  vary  in 
conjugation  from  both  the  Old  Form  and  the  New  ;  they  are 
twenty-two  in  number  : 


Present  Infinitive. 

Imperfect  Tense. 

Perfect  Participle. 

SBringen, 

,  bring ; 

brad)te,  brought; 

gebradjt,    brought. 

©d)en, 

go; 

ging,      went ; 

gegangen,  gone. 

Bennett, 

know ; 

fannte,  knew; 

gefartnt,     known. 

Gormen, 

be  able  (can) ; 

fortrtte,  was  able ; 

geformr,     been  able. 

9ttiiJTen, 

be  obliged 

mugte,  was 

gemugt,      been 

(must) ; 

obliged ; 

obliged. 

©tdjett, 

stand  ; 

ftcmb,     stood ; 

geftcmbett,  stood. 

Sbrnt, 

did; 

tbar,       did ; 

getbem,      done. 

Stiffen, 

know; 

iuugte,   knew ; 

gettm^t,      known. 

£>aben  <Ste  3$rer  Xante  bte  Utyr  ge= 

brad)t  ? 
Stein,  id)  fonnte  nidjt  $a  ifjr  geljen ;  id) 

tnu£te  jit  £>anfe  Meifcen. 
3d)  ftanb  am  $enfrer,  ate  mein  ^rennb 

soritber  (ring. 
3d)  bibe  i$n  ntd)t  gefannt. 


Have  you  brought  your  aunt  the 

watch  ? 
No,  I  could  not  go  to  her  ;  I  was 

obliged  to  stay  at  home. 
I  stood  at  the  window  when  my 

friend  passed  by. 
I  have  not  known  him. 


DATIVE   WITH    PREPOSITIONS    AND    ADJECTIVES. 


69 


Mtion  12. 


Lesson  12. 


DATIVE    WITH    PREPOSITIONS    AND    ADJECTIVES. 


Scifjiiele. 

3$  ttofme  gent  auf  bem  Cattbe. 
©e&en  er  unb  fie  fyettte  mit  Sfynett  ttadj 

ber  (Stabt  $u  bem  Sefyrer? 
9tan,  id)  gel)e  allein  gu  ifym. 
Die  gro£e,  neue  $irtf)e  fleljt  unferem 

£aufe  gegenit'ber. 
Der  £ut  gefatlt'  ifym  nidjt. 
(£r  ttofmt  bet  feinem  better, 
©ie  gefyt  ju  tt)rer  £cmte. 
(£in  junger  ftretmb  »on  Sfynen  {ft  jefct 

bet  utt£. 


Examples. 

I  like  to  live  in  the  country. 

Are  he  and  she  going  with  you  to 
the  city  to  the  teacher  to-day  ? 

No,  I  go  alone  to  him. 

The  large,  new  church  stands  oppo- 
site our  house. 

The  hat  does  not  suit  (or  please)  him. 

He  lives  at  his  cousin's. 

She  is  going  to  her  aunt's. 

A  young  friend  of  yours  is  now  at 
our  house. 


$er  Strbeiter,  -  3,  workman. 

Der  33ud)l)&nblcr,  -3,  bookseller. 

Der  jtorper,  -3,  body. 

Der  2Wittctg,-3,  noon  ;  midday.    t  =  d. 

Der  9kd)tmttag,  -3,  afternoon. 

Der  9>alaft%  -cd,  palace. 

Der  £ob,  -e$#  death,  t  =  d;  ft  =  th. 

Der  23ormittag,  -3,  forenoon. 

Der  2Mf,  -e3,  wolf. 

$te  Arbeit,  -,  work. 

Die  $ird)e,  -  church.    f=ch;  t=u. 

Die  SSftufte,  -  leisure. 

Die  9kd)t,  -  night,    a  =  i ;  d)  =  gh. 

Die  9?ube,  -,  rest ;  repose. 

Die  <3eele,  -  soul,    ce  =  ou. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  ©djule,  -  school,    u  =  oo. 
Die  ©tabt,  -  city. 
Danfbar,  thankful. 
Dcmfen,  to  thank,    fc  =  th. 
(£ben,  even.    ft  =  V.    just,  adv. 
(Sinan'ber,  one  another,  each  other. 
(Erquic'fettb,  refreshing,  quickening. 
$otglid),  consequently, 
©cgenit'ber,  opposite  (over  against). 
®ihtftig,  favorable. 
$ommett,  to  come. 
fftatfjtjjeilig,  hurtful. 
©eit,  since, 
©teftett,  to  stand. 
Uttttnflfommen,  unwelcome. 


JJiinf  unb  jftmnjtgfie  Wufgofic. 

1.  3«  *>lel  9ftuge  tft  bem  forger  unb  and)  bcr  @eele  nadj* 
tfjetttg  (9.).  2.  (Sic  lamcn  efcen  auf  bcr  ©dwle.  3.  Der  ©filler 
cje^t  mit  fctnem  greunbe  nad)  ber  ®tabt  gu  fetner  Zantt  (7.). 
4.    (£r    mot)nt    feit   bem   £obe   feined  $aterg   hn  fetner   £ante. 


70  LESSON    12. 

5.  <Sagen  Bit  (9.  3.).mtr,  mas  benfen  Bit  son  i()tten  ?  6.  3$ 
benfe,  tag  fie  fetyr  fleijug  fmb  (8.  6.).^  7.  Der  5tegen  ift  bent 
.ftmbe  fefyr  unmtlifbmmen.  8.  $Rufte  nad)  ber  Arbeit  ift  bemJKr*" 
better  crquicfcnb  unb  folgltdj  angcnefym.  9,  £>a$  ^Better  ift  rtnten 
bcnte  fefyr  gihtjtig.  10.  2Bie  war  geftern  bas  SSetter  ?  11;  Der 
Bergen  mar  fitljl,  ber  Sftittag  mar  fyei§,  ber  2Ibenb  mar  marm. 
12.  Der  $ormtttag  mar  angenebm ;  ber  9tad)mittag  vmar  unan* 
genefym.  13.  £)ie  ^irdje  unb  ber  $alaft  ftetyen  etnattber  gegen* 
itber.  14.  £)a$  ^Better  mar  nad)  bent  9tegen  fet)r  !alt.  15.  2)er 
:  SBolf  fomnyt  mber  9?ad)t  attS  bent  SBalbe.  16.  T)tt  ©cbitler  fanft 
ein  23ud)  fret  bem  33ttd)f)anbter  (7.).  17.  SBann  gefyen  Bit  nad) 
£aufe?  18.  2Bir  fmb  fcfyon  au  £aufe.  19.  Son  mem  fprecfyen 
<Sie  ?  20.  2Btr  fprecfyen  ttoit  bem  Scaler ;  er  ift  etn  grennb  yon 
im*  (7.).  21.  3$  fcfc  fefcr  gern  (6.  5.).  22.  SBarum  tieft  ber 
@d)iiler  nid)t?  23.  <Sr  Heft  ja  (6.  5.),  fjoren  ©ie  tl)n  nic^t  ? 
24.  3ft  e$  Sfyxi&n  311  marm  (6.  5,)?  25.  9tein,  mid)  friert  (eg  friert 
mid)).    26.  3d)  banle  3f)nen  (7/6.)  (id)  bin  3fmen  banfbar). 

Exercise  26. 

1.  Why  are  you  not  writing  (6.  4.)  1  2.  We  are  writing 
(6.  5.).  3.  Is  the  scholar  at  his  uncle's  (7.)  %  4.  Yes,  he  lives 
at  his  uncle's.  5.  Are  you  going  to  the  city  1  6.  No,  I  am 
going  to  my  brother's.  7.  Have  you  the  pen  of  the  painter  1 
8.  We  are  speaking  of  the  painter.  9.  Is  anybody  reading 
your  book  1  10.  There  is  my  book ;  nobody  is  reading  it. 
11.  Are  you  going  home*?  12.  I  am  not  going  home;  I  am 
going  to  the  city  to  my  aunt's.  13.  Your  cousin  is  now  at 
your  house  (7.).  14.  Is  the  church  opposite  your  house  (4.)1 
15.  Yes,  we  live  opposite  the  church.  16.  The  brother  and 
the  sister  love  each  other.  17.  This  weather  is  very  disagree- 
able to  me  (9.).  18.  What  were  you  buying  at  the  book- 
seller's] 19.  I  was  buying  a  book  fcr  a  child.  20.  This  man 
is  a  neighbor  of  ours.  21.  Tell  me,  what  do  you  think  of  this 
house]  22.  Do  you  like  (6.  5.)  to  read1?  23.  Yes,  I  am  very 
fond  of  reading.  24.  Are  you  cold  1  25.  No,  I  am  not  cold  ; 
I  am  very  warm. 


DATIVE    WITH    PREPOSITIONS    AND    ADJECTIVES.  71 

©rammcttf^ci.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  following  Prepositions  govern  the  Dative  only: 
au§,  Bet,  tinmen,  cntge'gen,  gegenii  Ber,  gemafc',  mii,  ttadj, 
ttadjft,  iteBft,  oB,  fatnmt,  fett,  turn,  $u,  jutoiber. 

2.  The  Preposition  is  not  used  in  German,  where  it  may  be 
omitted  in  English  : 

3d)  fd)tcte  tern  Setter  ba$  23ud).  I  send  the  teacher  the  book. 

£ter  ift  em  Stpfcl  fttr  ba<3  ft'tnb.  Here  is  an  apple  /or  the  child. 

3.  When  of  denotes  a  general  relation,  instead  of  posses- 
sion, it  is  usually  expressed  in  German  by  a  corresponding 
preposition  : 

3d)  fyred)e  tlOtt  bem  ©ctrrner.  I  am  speaking  of  the  gardener. 

Sr  ifl  jtolj  ttllf  fetnett  ©ruber.  He  is  proud  of  his  brother. 

4.  The  Prepositions  etttgegen,  gegettitBer,  gemtift,  and  jutotber 

usually,  and  ttadj  sometimes,  are  preceded  by  the  Dative  : 

2Btr  footmen  bem  5D?ufe'um  gegenii&er.      We  live  opposite  the  museum. 

5.  9lad)  is  used  to  denote  motion  to  &  place;  jit,  to  &  person: 

(£r  eilte  Had)  Socmen.  He  hastened  to  Bohemia. 

2Bir  gtngen  jU  bem  Sonful.  We  went  to  the  consul. 

6.  -SRacf)  §Mtfc  signifies  home,  used  adverbially ;  jtt  §(tttfe, 
a£  Aorae  ;  bott  JU  §ltttfc,  /row  Aome  : 

3d)  fd)reibe  nac^  £aufe;  fte  gefyen  nadj       I  am  writing  home  ;  they  are  going 

#llUfe.  home. 

@r  iji  ekn  Hon  JU  $ttltfe  gefommen.  He  has  just  come  from  home. 

7.  The  Prepositions  Bet,  DOtt,  and  ju  are  often  equivalent  to 
at,  from,  of,  and  to,  with  the  English  Possessive  : 

1)Ct  Sftocf  tft  bet  bem  Sdmeiber.  The  coat  is  at  the  tailor's  (shop). 

Sr  rooljnt  6et  bem  ©dmeiber.  He  lives  at  the  tailor's  (house). 

Sie  fam  tlOtt  it>rer  Xante.  She  was  coming  from  her  aunt's. 

28tr  geften  JU  ifjnen.  We  are  going  to  their  house  (to  them). 

(£r  tft  tin  Setter  bOtt  mtr.  He  is  a  cousin  of  mine  (of  me). 

©te  fmb  9?ad)krn  Hon  un«.  They  are  neighbors  of  (us)  ours. 


72 


LESSON    12. 


^8.  The  meaning  of  a  Preposition  must  often  be  learned 
from  its  use  in  sentences,  rather  than  by  its  definition  in 
vocabularies  : 

9ln,  at,  to,  against,  by,  from,  in,  on. 


gr  ftyi  an  bem  £tfd). 

er  gel)t  an  ben  £tfd). 

(£r  Ic&nte  fid)  Utt  bte  2Banb. 

3d)  erfann'te  ibn  on  ber  Sttmme. 

Bit  Icibet  ttlt  $opfme$. 

3d)  tfnte  eg  an  feincr  (Start. 

Scrim'  Regt  on  ber  "Spree. 

By,  nn,  ne&en,  ii&er,  tourdj,  mit, 

He  stood  %  the  door. 

He  sat  fo/  me. 

I  went  by  (way  of)  Rotterdam. 

He  fell  by  the  sword. 

He  took  it  by  force. 

It  was  by  chance. 

He  is  a  nobleman  by  birth. 

By  night. 

By  wholesale. 

By  the  favor  of  heaven. 

Older  by  ten  years. 

Richer  by  far. 

It  is  five  by  my  watch. 

I  must  have  the  boots  (at  latest)  by 
four  o'clock. 

I  can  finish  the  work  by  to-morrow 
evening. 

We  shall  be  there  by  day  after  to- 
morrow morning. 


He  is  sitting  at  the  table. 

He  is  going  to  the  table. 

He  leaned  (himself)  against  the  wall. 

I  recognized  him  by  his  (the)  voice. 

She  suffers  from  headache. 

I  do  it  in  his  stead. 

Berlin  lies  on  the  Spree. 

Don,  6ei,  in,  miter,  urn,  nndj,  u. 

(Er  ftanb  tttt  bem  £f)ore. 

<£r  fag  ne&en  mir. 

3$  gtng  lifter  0?o«erbam'. 

<£r  pel  fcurd)8  (burd)  bag)  <Sd)tx>ert. 

6r  nafjm  eg  mit  ©ett>alt\ 

eg  roar  burn)  Bufatt. 

er  tit  em  ebelmann  Hon  ©eburt'. 

83ei  ber  9?ad)t. 

3m  (in  bem)  ©rcgen. 

Utttcr  SBegun'fttgung  beg  £tmmelg. 

Um  gebn  3al)re  alter. 

lint  SSteleg  reiser. 

9ittd)  metner  Ubr  tft  eg  fitnf. 

3d)  m«f  bte  <Sttefel  fpdtejteng  nm  ster 

Ubr  baben. 
3d)  fann  bte  Slrbeit  big  morgen  9lbenb 

»ollenben. 
Sir  roerben  big  itbermorgen  frit!)  ba 

fein. 


9.     The    Dative    governed 
them  : 

eg  tjt  mir  unbegreifltd). 
eg  tjt  mir  m  fd)tt>er. 
eg  tft  mir  warm  (6.  5 .), 
er  tft  mir  befjitlflid). 
eg  iji  mir  lie*. 


by    Adjectives   usually   precedes 

It  is  incomprehensible  to  me. 

It  is  too  difficult  to  me. 

I  am  warm  (it  is  warm  to  me). 

He  is  helpful  to  me. 

I  am  very  glad  of  it. 


IDIOMS. 


fieWfott  13. 


SBeifJucfe. 


Lesson  13. 


IDIOMS. 


3%  foiele  ntdjt,  audj  fingc  id)  nid)t. 

(£3  fyat  gar  ntdjt  gercpct. 

Stout  cr  e£  ubcrljaitjit  tf)ut,  tljut  cr  e« 

gtcid). 
£err  Martin  ift  ein  9Tr&  ntdjt  foaljr  ? 
(£r  fpridjt  toic  cm  SBetfer. 
$eitcn  <Sie  gem  ? 
SBic  flcfttttt  3$n«t  btefeS  9>ferb  ? 
Ste  ^eftnben  <3te  fid),  mem  £err  ? 


Examples. 

I  do  not  play,  neither  do  I  sing. 

It  has  not  rained  at  all. 

If  he  does  it  at  all,  he  will  do  it 

immediately  (10.  3.). 
Mr.  Martin  is  a  physician,  is  he  not  ? 
He  speaks  like  a  sage.         [riding)  ? 
Do  you  like  to  ride  (are  you  fond  of 
How  do  you  like  this  horse  % 
How  do  you  do  (how  are  you),  sir  ? 


SSorterocrjcttfntife. 

$er  Ginfteblcr,  -3,  hermit. 

£er  $einb,  -c3,  enemy  (fiend.  et  =  ie). 

Der  ttmf  en,  -3,  cake.    u  =  a;  dj=k. 

!£cr3Rontag,-S,  Monday.  t=d;  0  =  y. 

2)cr  §)rofcffor,  -8,  professor. 

£cr  Sfjor,  -en,  fool. 

Xcr  Sfctrtrag,  -3,  discourse. 

£)er  SBinter,  -8,  winter. 

$tc  ^tutftanblnng,  -,  bookstore. 

Tic  2Bod)e,  -,  week,    o  =  ee ;  dj  =  k. 

3Dtt£  SEBBrterbttdj,  -do,  dictionary. 


Vocabulary. 

33crmt'tt>ortcn,  to  answer. 
(Eflcn,  to  eat.    c  =  ea ;  ff 


t. 


©cben,  to  gi^ 


c  =  i;  6 


£anbeln,  to  act  (handle). 

£efttg,  violent. 

Be|t,  last. 

9ftobem',  modern,  fashionable. 

9iepen,  to  rain. 

(Soil,  shall. 

Uiidtfig,  capable. 

23ortg,  past,  former. 


Stefan  unb  jtoaujtgftc  ^ufguBe. 

1.  (5r  ift  nid)t  mein  greunt,  aud)  (1.)  tjt  ev  ntd)t  meitt  o^tnb. 
2.  2Bie  gefattt  (8.)  3&nen  btefer  mofcerne  SBagen  ?  3.  (Sr  gefattt 
mix  gar  (2.)  nid)t ;  er  (2.  2.)  ift  3U  ()od).  4.  SBte  gefaflt  3(mcn 
3frr  neuer  9fad)bar?  5.  3d)  t)abe  ifyn  nod)  (C.)  nid)t  fennen 
geternt  (6.  5,).  6.  2Cte  foil  id)  t>iefen  23rief  oeantrcorten?  7. 
33eantmortcn  ©te  tl)tt  (2.  2.)  ganj  nad)  3l)fem  Selteben  (6.  5.). 
8.  9M)t  mahr  (3.),  eg  l)at  geftern  geregnet?  9.  3?em,  e3  bat 
ganj  unt>  gar  (2.)  nid)t  geregnet.  10.  £at  eS  iioerhaupt  (2.)  tit 
biefc*  SGodje  geregnet?     11.  3<*/  lejjren  9Jtontag  (G.  3.)  regncte 


74  LESSON    13. 

eS  (8.  4.)  feljr  $eftt0.  12.  £iefer  £err  ift  ^rofeffor  ^elmfcolj ; 
er  ift  ein  tiidjtiger  Scorer,  nicfyt  foat)r(3,)?  13+ £afcen  <Sie  fetnen 
le^ten  93ortrag  sorigen  ©inter  (6.  3.)  gefcort?  14.  3a,  er  (2.  2.) 
geftel  (8.)  mir  fefyr  gut.  15.  ©uten  SWonjen,  mein  graulein,  wie 
befmben  ©ie  ftd)  ?  16.  £>anfe  (4.),  id)  bcfinbe  mid)  fefyr  n>ofy(. 
17.  33ttte  (4.),  geben  ©ie  mir  t>ie  Gutter!  18.  (Er  fpridjt,  ft>ie  (5.) 
ein  fluger  9)iann,  nnt>  (janbelt,  nne  ein  £()or.  19.  (Effen  ©ie  gern 
(7.)  $n$en  ?    20.  9iein,  id)  madjt  mir  9W$t3  t>arau$  (6.  5.). 

Exercise  28. 

1.  Where  did  you  become  acquainted  (6.  5.)  with  Mr.  Lieb- 
treu  ?  2.  I  became  acquainted  with  him  in  Giessen.  3.  How 
do  you  like  (8.)  him  ?  4.  I  like  (9.)  him  very  well ;  he  is 
a  very  agreeable  man.  5.  That  gentleman  is  Professor  Werner, 
is  n't  it  (3)  ?  6.  Yes,  it  is  Professor  Werner ;  he  is  a  very 
agreeable  teacher.  7.  Did  you  hear  his  discourse  last  Monday? 
8.  Do  you  like  (7.)  teal  9.  No,  sir,  I  do  not  care  (6.  5.)  for 
it.  10.  Was  it  very  cold  last  week?  11.  No,  it  was  not  at 
all  (2.)  cold  last  week.  12.  Mr.  Schindler  is  not  my  cousin, 
neither  (1.)  is  he  my  nephew  ;  he  is  my  uncle.  13.  Have  you 
not  yet  (6.)  visited  the  mason?  14.  No,  I  shall  not  visit  him 
at  all,  I  do  not  like  him  (9).  15.  When  do  you  go  to  the  city? 
16.  I  go  day  after  to-morrow.  17.  I  bought  yesterday  Campe's 
dictionary  in  Hammacher's  bookstore  in  Frankfort.  18.  Did 
you  not  buy  anything  else  (6.)  ?  19.  No,  I  had  not  money 
enough.     20.  He  lives  like  (5.)  a  hermit. 

©rammattfdjeg.  Grammatical. 

1.  9(ltffj  with  words  implying  negation  may  be  rendered 
neither,  nor,  not  either  : 

dv  fmgt  nicfyt,  td)  audj  md)t.  He  does  not  sing,  neither  (nor)  do  I. 

2.  dTdr,  or  gaitj  imb  gar,  before  words  implying  nega- 
tion,   is  equivalent   to   at   all   after  a   negation.      UclJPrfjaunt 


IDIOMS.  75 

after  a  conditional  word  often  answers  to  at  all  in  like  posi- 
tion : 

(£3  tjr  gar  ttidjt  fitter.  It  is  not  at  all  difficult. 

SBenn  er  itkrfyaupt  gel)t,  ge-f)t  er  rjeute.       If  he  goes  at  all,  he  will  go  to-day. 

3.  9itlf)t  Umfjr,  or  tudjt  (like  it  est  ce  pas),  is  the  equivalent 
of  many  forms  of  interrogation  after  an  assertion.  Sometimes 
!titf)t  tottljr  precedes  the  assertion  : 

(E3  ift  fait,  "I  It  is  cold,  is  n't  it  ? 

(£3  ift  ntd)t  fait,     I  ?        It  is  not  cold,  is  it  ? 

@ie  tt>irb  fommen,  f  9 -  *        She  will  come,  will  she  not  ? 


<3ie  [tub  ntd)t  alt,  J  You  are  not  old,  are  you  ? 

<Ste  fennen  tfm,  ntd)t  ?         "\  v     ,         , .       ,     , , 
.         .    .           .,    _  ?  You  know  him,  don  t 


9?tdjt  roat)r,  <Sie  fennen 


if;n  ?/ 


you 


4.  In  German,  as  in  English,  there  is  a  frequent  use  of  ellip- 
tical expressions  : 

23ttte,  meat  £crr,  fonnen  Bit  mtr  ntd)t       Pray,   sir,   oan  you  (not)   tell  me 

fagen,  rotestel  B$r  e$  ift  ?  what  time  it  is  ? 

9?ef)men  <3ie  nccf>  eine  33irne !  Take  another  pear  ! 

&anfe  (id)  banfe  3$Wtt).  ■     Thank  (I  thank)  you. 

@uten  5Worgen,  guten  Sloenb,  glitcfttdje       Good   morning,    good   evening,    a 

9tetfe!     (3d)  roitttfd)e  3ynen  einen  pleasant  journey  !     (I  wish  you 

guten  $7orgen,  ic.)  a  good  morning,  &c.) 

After  an  assertion  a  subject  is  often  used  elliptically,  where  in  English 
the  main  verb  is  represented  by  an  auxiliary  : 

(£r  ftngt,  tdraudj.  He  sings,  so  do  I  (I  too). 

<&k  gef)en,  td)  ntd)t.  They  are  going,  I  (am)  not. 

3cr>  fenne  u)n,  @ie  ntcfyt  ?  I  know  him,  (do)  not  you  ? 

(£r  benft  ntcr)t,  rote  id).  He  does  not  think  as  I  (do). 

5.  29Bte,  before  a  nominative,  often  answers  to  like,  before 
an  objective  : 

(Sr  fyanbelt,  rote  em  SBaljnjmmger  (Itan*  He  acts  like  a  lunatic  (as  a  lunatic 

belt).  acts). 

Dogletdj  er  retd)  tjt,  leot  er  bod),  rote  etn  Although  he  is  rich,  yet  he  lives 

SBettler  (teot).  like  a  beggar  (as  a  beggar  lives). 

6.  JiRod),  yet,  still,  and  fflttfi,  else,  with  words  implying  nega- 
tion, precede  them  : 


76  LESSON   13. 

(Er  i\t  nodj  md)t  gefommcn.  He  has  not  yet  (yet  not)  come. 

23r  ait  d)en  <3ie  fonft  9?td)t$  ?  Do  you  need  nothing  else  ? 

—7.  ©Cm,  gladly,  fain,  with  an  appropriate  verb,  is  often  the 
equivalent  of  to  like,  to  be  fond  of: 

gr  trtnft  gem  tfaffee.  He  likes  (is  fond  of)  (drinks  gladly)  coffee. 

(Effen  ©ic  gem  £>ontg  ?  Do  you  like  (eat  gladly)  honey  « 

©tngen  @ic  gem  ?  Do  you  like  to  sing  (do  you  sing  gladly)  ? 

(£r  rcitet  gent.  He  likes  to  ride  on  horseback. 

(£r  if*  gent  diem.  He  likes  to  be  alone. 

^8.  ($cfaffctt,  to  please,  suit,  having  for  its  subject  the  word 
answering  to  the  object  of  like,  and  the  object  of  like  being 
rendered  by  the  German  equivalent  in  the  dative,  also  often 
answers  to  like  : 

£>iefe$  $ferb  gefaflt  mtr.  I  like  this  horse  (this  horse  suits  me). 

Xicfc  IHu-  gcfdllt  mtr  fet)r.  1  like  this  watch  very  much. 

2)iefer  Sting  gefdllt  mtr  feeffcr,  aid  jener.    «  I  like  this  ring  better  than  that. 

9.  The  verb  ictbcit  (endure),  with  an  auxiliary,  is  often  used 
in  the  sense  of  to  like  : 

3d>  fann  tlm  ntd)t  letben.  I  do  not  like  (cannot  endure)  him. 

3d)  mag  it)n  gut  letben.  I  like  (can  endure)  him  very  well. 

10.  Adjective  words,  also  Adjectives  used  substantively, 
often  answer  to  those  in  English  used  adjectively  with  the 
pronoun  one: 

Tie  fed  $ferb  ift  jung,  jened  tji  alt.  "  This  horse  is  young,  that  one  is  old. 

3d)  f)ak  em  junged  5>ferb,  bu  em  alted.  ..    I  have  a  young  horse,  you  an  old  otic. 

11.  dStgcit  (own)  is  often  used  to  indicate  possession,  without 
the  possessive  pronoun  : 

Sr  t)at  etn  etgeneS  3)ferb.  He  has  a  horse  of  his  own. 

2Btr  fjafcen  fetn  etgened  ©e(b.  We  have  no  money  of  our  own. 

■-  12.  Gfclint,  used  impersonally,  indicates  existence  in  a  gen- 
eral and  indefinite  manner,  and  is  rendered  to  be,  the  object  in 
German  being  the  subject  in  English  : 

(£3  gtfrt  feine  IRofe  oijne  £)ornen.  There  is  no  rose  without  thorns. 

Gd  gtbt  f erne  rmlben  $ferbe  in  2)eittfd)Ianb.  There  are  no  wild  horses  in  Germany. 
2Bad  gt&t  e£  ?  roarum  laufen  @te  ?  What  is  the  matter  ?  why  do  you  run  ? 


DECLENSION    OP    THE    DEFINITE    ARTICLE. 


77 


Mtion  14. 


Lesson  14. 


DECLENSION   OF  THE  DEFINITE  ARTICLE  AND   ^iefCt.      PERFECT   AND 
PLUPERFECT  OF   Stilt.      @Ctn,   AS  AUXILIARY.       USE  OF    SBcrdCtl. 

Present  Tense  of  SBtffen,  to  know,  and  SBerben,  to  become.  * 


id)  toeijj, 

t>U  ttJCijjt, 

er  »eif, 

ttnr  nujfen, 

fte  hriffen, 


I  know, 
thou  knowest. 
he  knows, 
we  know, 
you  know, 
they  know. 


id)  ruerbe, 
bit  rotrft, 
er  roirb, 
mir  Herbert, 
t()r  merbet, 
fte  ruerfcen, 


I  become, 
thou  becomest. 
he  becomes, 
we  become, 
you  become, 
they  become. 


SBetfjuele. 

QDiefcr  SWann  ffl  <3d)nueb,  icner  ifl  taf* 
maim. 

£er  <StaW  ifl  fjart,  baS  ©let  tjr  ttetd). 
(£3  ifl  gar  nid)t  fait,  ntdt>t  roafyr  ? 
£>tefen  Sttamt  fyabe  id)  (8. 4.)  oft  gefefyen, 

jenert  ntd)t. 
£>er  $ud)3  tjt  bem  |umbe  entfommen. 
2)a3  @i3  roirb  jit  2Baffer,  md)t  ttafyr  ? 
3m  ©egcntfjeil,   ba3  2Baffer  ttirb  jit 

©*. 

SBortcrtierjetdjmj?. 

$er  ©rief,  -e3,  letter. 

£)er  gtigfmr, -e$,  felt-hat.  i-ej  j=fc 

£>er  9J?i't§tggang,  -3,  idleness. 

Tcr  <2rroI)l)ut,  -e§,  straw -hat. 

2)er  Ferrari)',  -$,  treason. 

2)er  ferret  'tfyer,  -$,  traitor. 

$te  $eber,  -,  pen  ;  feather,     ft  =  th. 

X>ie  Unmafugfeit,  -,  intemperance. 

2>Qg  2Mcr,  -ed,  beer,    tc  =  ee. 

Xao  ©etran'fe,  h5,  drink. 

£)a3  <Sd)reifcl)eft,  -e3,  writing-book. 

23cfon'ber$,  particularly,  especially. 

©eifitg,  spirituous. 


Examples. 

This  man  is  (a)  smith,  that  one  is 
(a)  merchant. 

Steel  is  hard,  lead  is  soft. 

It  is  not  at  all  cold,  is  it  ? 

This  man  I  have  often  seen,  that 
one  (I  have)  not. 

The  fox  has  (is)  escaped  from  the  dog. 

The  ice  is  turning  to  water,  is  n't  it  ? 

On  the  contrary,  the  water  is  turn- 
ing to  ice. 

Vocabulary. 

£affen,  to  hate,    ff  =  t. 
3m  ®egenrf)etl,  on  the  contrary. 
3rgenb  em,  -e,  any. 
20?and)er,  -e,  -e3,  many  a. 
5D?a§tg,  temperate. 
9Md)ften3,  soon  (next). 
^eu(td),  recently  (newly). 
<3d)ttrierig,  difficult. 
(Std)erltd),  certainly. 
2Sa3  fiir,  what  kind  of,  what. 
SBeffett,  whose. 
28iffen,  to  know. 
3tt>ar,  indeed,  it  is  time. 


78  LESSON    14. 

dltnn  uttb  jtoanjtgfie  ftufgalie. 

1.  SD?iifnggang  unb  Unmagigfeit  ftnb  nid)t  nur  bem  $6rper 
(12.  9.),  fonbern  audj  ber  ©eele  nacfetfyeitig.  2.  2Ga$  fur  einen 
iput  fyaben  ©ie  gefauft  ?  3.  3d)  ^abe  einen  ©trcl)t)ut  unt>  einen 
gitjfyut  gefauft.  4.  SBem  ge^ort  jeneS  ©d)mM)eft  ?  5.  @3  ge= 
fyort  biefem  ©d)itler.  6.  5QZtt  weld)er  5eber  fd)retbt  ber  ©cfyiiler 
feinen  23rief?  7.  Sr  fd)reibt  iljn  mit  biefer.  8.  DaS  %aub  be3 
SBalbeS  ttnrb  fcbon  gelb.  9.  9fland)er  (13.  10.)  liebt  ben  Serrate 
aber  j[eber  tyagt  ben  $erratt)er.  10.  $&a$  fyaben  ©ie  l)eute  gefauft? 
11.  SBir  fyaben  gar  9ftd)t3  gefauft.  12.  ©ie  fyafon  biefem  23ud) 
gefauft,  nidjt  wafyr?  13.  3>r  ©obn  t>ei?  Gutters  l)at  feinen  25ater 
neulid)  befud)t,  nid)t  toat)r  ?  14.  ©em  ©ot)n  fyat  il)n  pvav  nod) 
nid)t  befud)t,  aber  er  mirb  ifyn  nad)ften3  ficfterlidj  befud)en.  15.  3ft 
(4.)  mein  33ruber  nod)  nid)t  (13.  6.)  l)ier  gemefen  ?  16.  50^ein 
23ruber  nnrb  morgen  nad)  ber  ©tabt  gefyen,  tdj  nid)t.  17.  SBiffen 
©ie,  weffen  23ud)  id)  (efe?    18.  ©ie  fyaUn  mein  23udj,  nid)t  n>at)r? 

19.  ©ie  Ijabcn  feine.  befonbers  fdntnerige  Slufgabe,  nid)t  toafyr? 

20.  9Mn,  unfere  2lufgabe  ift  ganj  unb  gar  ntd)t  fd)»nerig,  fonbern 
im  ©egentfyetf  fefyr  leidjt  21.  iperr  ©djmibt  lebt  fefyr  majng  ;  er 
tvtnft  tv-eber  2Mer,  nod)  irgenb  ein  anbcre$  geiftigeS  ©etranfc. 

Exercise  30. 

1.  What  kind  of  a  hat  has  the  boy  bought1?  2.  He  has 
bought  a  straw-hat.  3.  Which  straw-hat  has  he  bought  1 
4.  He  has  bought  this  one  (13.  10.).  5.  Why  did  he  not  buy 
that  one  1  6.  That  one  is  too  large  for  him.  7.  Are  you  writ- 
ing with  your  pen  or  with  your  pencil  %  8.  I  am  writing  with 
the  pencil  of  my  brother.  9.  You  have  lately  visited  your 
brother,  have  you  not?  10.  I  have  not  visited  him  at  all 
(13.  2.).  11.  You  are  writing  a  letter,  are  you  not?  12.  You 
have  not  my  book,  have  you]  13.  Idleness  (2.)  is  injurious 
not  only  to  the  body,  but  also  to  the  soul.  14.  Do  you  find 
this  exercise  especially  difficult  ]  15.  Nobody  loves  the  traitor, 
but  many  a  one  loves  the  treason.     16.  I  do  not  sing,  neither 


DECLENSION    OF   THE    DEFINITE    ARTICLE. 


79 


(13.  1.)  does  my  brother.  17.  The  weather  is  getting  (6.) 
very  warm,  isn't  it  (13.  3.)]  18.  The  son  of  our  neighbor 
has  (4.)  been  a  year  in  the  city,  and  his  father  never  visited 
him.  19.  You  like  (13.  7.)  cake,  we  do  not.  20.  I  know  this 
painter,  but  I  do  not  know  where  he  lives  ;  do  you  know  where 
he  lives'?  21.  My  friend,  Mr.  Buchner,  never  drinks  any 
spirituous  drink. 


vy 


@rtttnmttttf^e§. 

Gramm 

atical. 

1.   Declension  of  the  Definite  Article  and  $tcfer. 

Masc.  Fern.  Nevi. 

Masc.        Fern. 

Neid. 

Norn,   ber,      tie,      ba#,     the. 

btefer,       btefe, 

btefer,    this. 

Gen.     be3,      ber,     be£,     of  the. 

btefeS,       btefer, 

btefea,    of  this. 

Bat.     bem,     ber,     bem,    to  the. 

btefem,      btefer, 

btefem,  to  this. 

Ace.     ben,      bie,     bad,     the. 

btefen,      btefe, 

btefeS,    this. 

The  other  gender-ending  words 

(1.  2.)  are  declined  like  fckfer. 

2.  The  Definite  Article  is  used  I  with  nouns  taken  in  a 
general  sense,  and  2  sometimes  omitted  in  German,  when  used 
in  English ;  3  its  use  also,  sometimes,  answers  to  that  of  our 
indefinite  article  ;  and  4  where  the  meaning  is  obvious,  it  is 
often  used  instead  of  a  Possessive  Pronoun. 


£er  ©taf)l  tft  elafttfd). 

•Dad  ©61b  tft  bebnbar. 

£>er  "Diamant'  tft  ntd)t  be&mbar. 

(£3  tft  nicfyt  ©ittc  bet  un3. 

3eber  spreufje  ijl  ©olbaf. 

2Ber  btr  att  ftreunb  9ttdjt3  rmfcen  farm, 

farm  btr  aid  $etnb  fct/abert. 
SDir  baben  jwctmal  fcie  SEBocbc  Unterrt^t 

tm  <5tna,en. 
3d)  fet)c  tbn  jwetmal  fc^S  Safyrt. 
2)er  X)rabt  fofrct  etnen  @u(bfitbcrtJ«§. 
Tad  Wcty  foftet  gcBn  Abater  bag  %a%. 
<£r  feblua,  tbm  auf  &en  9lrm. 
(£r  bfltte  ilCtt  £ut  auf  fcem  $opfe. 


Steel  is  elastic. 

(The)  gold  is  ductile. 

The  diamond  is  not  ductile. 

It  is  not  the  custom  with  us. 

Every  Prussian  is  a  soldier. 

He  who  cannot  serve  you  as  a  friend, 

may  injure  you  as  an  enemy. 
We  have  instruction  in  singing  twice 

a  week. 
I  see  him  twice  a  year. 
The  wire  cost  a  florin  a  foot. 
The  flour  costs  ten  dollars  a  barrel. 
He  struck  him  on  (the)  his  arm. 
He  had  his  hat  upon  his  head. 


80 


) 

j 

LESSON    14. 

3.   ©ein,  to  be. 

Perfect  Tense. 

Pluperfect  Tense. 

idj  bin 

I  have 

td)  mar 

I  had 

bit  oijt 

thou  hast 

bit  «>ar(t 

thou  hadst 

CO 

cr  ift 
nnr  finb 

%        he  has 
"^       we  have 

r  o 
p 

er  mar 
l»ir  maren 

5      he  had 
"^     we  had 

il)r  fctb 

you  have 

it)r  mart 

you  had 

|te  jtnb  J 

they  have^ 

fte  maren  - 

they  had 

Participles. 
Present.                                               Perfect. 

feienb,  being. 

gemefen,  been. 

-  4.   The  verb  fdtt  is  the  auxiliary  of  many  verbs,  where,  as  in 
the  above  conjugation,  have  is  used  in  English  : 


(£r  tfl  nod)  nicfyt  gcfommcn. 
35er  2ftonb  ijl  anfgegangen. 
25ie  (Sonne  ijt  untergegangen. 
2)a$  iltnb  ijt  gefalkn. 


He  has  (is)  rot  yet  come. 
The  moon  has  (is)  risen. 
The  sun  has  (is)  gone  down. 
The  child  has  (is)  fallen. 


5.  The  Perfect  Participle  of  transitive  verbs  is  used  with 
fctlt,  to  indicate  that  an  action  is  completed  ;  and  with  ttJCrbcit, 
to  indicate  that  an  action  is  in  progress  : 


<5te  fcraudjen  nid)t  gn  roarten ;  ber  Srtef 

ifi  fd)on  gefdjrtekn. 
<5ie  muffcn  n>arten ;  ber  Srtef  ttnrb  ckn 

gefdvrie&en. 
2>a3  $au$  roar  fd)on  soflenbet. 
2)a3  £au3  rourbe  ekn  yollenbet. 


You  do  not  need  to  wait ;  the  letter 

is  already  written. 
You  must  wait ;  the  letter  is  just 

being  written. 
The  house  was  already  finished. 
The  house  was  just  being  finished. 


6.  SSBerbett,  as  an  independent  verb,  has  its  nearest  equiva- 
lent in  become,  but  is  often  best  rendered  get,  grow,  turn,  be,  or 
by  a  word  of  similar  meaning  : 

25a3  SBetter  rotrb  roarm.  The  weather  is  becoming  warm. 

£)te  SRaupe  rotrb  jum  <3d)metterltng.  The  caterpillar  turns  into  a  butterfly, 

©ie  roerben  rmeber  gefunb.  They  are  getting  well  again. 

2)er  fRabe  rotrb  feftr  alt.  The  raven  lives  to  a  great  age. 


DECLENSION    OF    THE    INDEFINITE    ARTICLE. 


81 


Scftion  15. 


Lesson  15. 


DECLENSION    OF    THE    INDEFINITE    ARTICLE,    POSSESSIVE,    INTER- 
ROGATIVE,   AND    INDEFINITE    PRONOUNS.       CONJUNCTIONS. 


©etfjmle. 

Wlan  fagt  mir,  ba§  (Bit  3fyr  fipneS,  ivau 

ge$  spferb  »crIoren  tyabetu 
£er  Slpfet  ift  von  bent  23aume  gefatten. 
SBeffcn  33u<$  iff  biefeS  ? 
2Bem  geprt  ber  ^ingerfyut  ? 
2Ben  fyaben  ©te  fyeute  gefefyen  ? 
3$  fyak  9Ziemanben  gefeJjetu 

2BiJrtcrticr$etdjni§. 

$er  STrjt,  -e$,  physician. 

Dtf  (SJrad&itpfer,  -3,  grasshopper. 

£>er  ltdfe,  -3,  cheese.  I =cn;  tt  =  e( 

2)cr  tf  urtuji,  -c$,  pumpkin. 

$>er  Dfjctot,  -3,  uncle. 

Der  Itckrrecf,  -3,  overcoat. 

2)er  SSer&rc'cfyer,  -3,  criminal. 

£>er  2Betn,  -3,  wine,    ci  =  i. 

$te  £)tencrin,  -  servant. 

SMe  (ihUuur'Mtng,  -  inflammation. 

Die  fflfar,  -  fly.    g  =  — .   p.  27. 

£)ie  ftwfftgfrit,  -  fluid. 

£>ie  ©rille,  -  cricket. 

£>ie  £euj\i)recfe,  -,  locust. 

Tic  I'ampc,  -  lamp. 

Xk  "We^uu'to,  -  mosquito. 

3Mc  3)fcrbcf(icgc,  -  horsefly. 

Die  8teitflicgc,  -  stinging  fly. 

T)te  sii3unbe,  -,  wound. 

%a§  £ctmd)cn,  -3,  cricket. 


Examples. 

I  am  told  that  you  have  lost  your 

beautiful  young  horse. 
The  apple  has  fallen  from  the  tree. 
Whose  book  is  this  ? 
To  whom  does  the  thimble  belong  ? 
"Whom  have  you  seen  to-day  ? 
I  have  not  seen  anybody. 

Vocabulary. 

2)a3  3nfeft',  -e$,  insect. 

2)a3  ©efd)Ied)t',  -e3,  genus  ;  gender. 

Slctjcnb,  caustic. 

9leu£erji,  extremely. 

33et,  at,  with. 

SBeftfjen,  to  possess. 

Sraucfyen,  to  need. 

©ewo&n'Itdj,  usual,  general. 

SattoW,  yes,  indeed. 

Zaftig,  troublesome.  -• 

fRcigenb,  irritating. 

<Sogenannt,  so-called. 

<Sprtt3ett,  to  inject. 

©tec^en,  to  sting. 

©ucfyen,  to  look  for,  seek,  u  =  ee. 

23erfte'6en,  to  understand. 

Skrur'facfyen,  to  cause.  __ 

SBafjrenb,  while  (conjunction). 

SBirfen,  to  act,  work,    i  =  O. 

3hpen,  to  chirp. 


(Bin  unb  brciftigfte  tofpfie. 

1.  $&t  unferc  £>iencrin  etnen  $afe  geholt?  2.  Sftetn,  fie  hat 
etnen  ffuifcifj  getyott-  3.  9Ran  (5.)  toeig  nicht,  wo  ber  $crfcre#et 
ift,  aber  man  fndjt  U)it.     4.  ©ie  haben  $3ein,  md)t  toafy  (13.  3.)  ? 

6 


82  LESSON    15. 

5.  3a,  ttnr  fyaktn  foetdjen  (7.).  6.  IMefer  Ueberrod  ift  etrcad  (7.) 
3U  Hein  ;  brmgen  ©te  mir  jenen  !  7.  £6ren  ©ie  gem  (13.  7.) 
bad  3irPen  *>er  ®ntle  ?  8.  3a,  nid)t  ft>afyr,  bie  ©ritle  ober  bad 
£eimd)en  nnb  ber  ©raofyiipfer  gebiken  gn  bent  ®efd>led)t  ber  £en* 
fctjrecfe  ?  9,  3awot)l ;  ixnjfen  ©ie,  3  it  melcfyem  ®efd)led)t  bie  ^o^= 
quito  unb  bie  ^ferbefliege  gefyoren  ?  10.  (Ste  gefyoren  gu  bem 
®efd)(ed)t  ber  gliege.  11.  SSte  sJ?to^qittto  ift  ein  auferft  lafticjev? 
3«feft;  fie  ift  eine  fogenannte  @ted)fUea,e.  12.  ©ie  fpri^t,  roafy* 
renb  (8.)  fie  fticfyt,  eine  a^enbe  giiiffigfeit  in  bie  2$nnbe,  n?eld)e 
reijenb  mirlt  nnb  oft  eine  Sn^iinbnng  tternrfacfyt.  13.  3ft  (14.  4.) 
ber  2fr3t  fyter  gemefen  ?  14.  $r  ift  je^t  fyier ;  er  ift  (14.  4.)  eben 
gefommen.  15.  $aktn  <Sie  biefe  Sampe  bei  (12.  7.)  bem  Cramer 
gefauft  ?  16.  2Bir  fyaben  9ttcfytd  bet  tfym  (12.  7.)  gefanft,  benn  er 
batte  nid)t,  \ua$  wix  brancfyen.  17.  yRtiri  Dt)eim,  £err  Metier,  fyat 
uns  sorgeftem  befucfyt.  18.  Wan  (obt  gewobnUd},  ma3  man  liebt. 
19.  Wan  beft£t  nicbt,  n>a$  man  nid)t  serfte()t  20.  3$  bin  (14.  4.) 
tyeute  bei  (12.  7.)  meinem  Dtj-eime  getuefen. 

Exercise  32. 

1.  To  whom  (3.)  have  you  sent  the  cheese  ?  2.  I  have  not 
sent  it  to  anybody.  3.  Whose  hat  has  the  child  had  ]  4.  The 
child  has  not  had  any  hat  at  all  (13.  2).  5.  Has  anybody  any- 
thing for  us  1  6.  Whom  has  the  physician  visited  recently  1 
7.  He  has  visited  my  uncle  in  the  city.  8.  Our  neighbor,  Mr. 
Werner,  and  his  sister,  Mrs.  Hassel,  were  yesterday  at  our 
house  (12.  7.).  9.  Where  have  (14.  4.)  you  been  to-day] 
10.  We  have  been  in  Hamburg.  11.  When  have  you  seen 
your  brother?  12.  I  have  just  seen  him,  but  I  have  not  spoken 
with  him.  13.  Did  you  hear  the  cricket  chirp  1  14.  I  heard 
it,  and  I  hear  it  again  just  now,  but  I  do  not  like  (13.  7.)  it. 
15.  Has  (14.  4.)  your  friend  gone  to  the  city]  16.  No,  he 
has  (14.  4.)  come  from  the  city  and  gone  home.  17.  A  great 
commander  has  fallen.  18.  To  what  genus  does  the  mosquito 
belong]  19.  A  stinging  fly  is  a  troublesome  insect,  is  n't 
it  (13.  3.)]      20.    Yes,  it  is  very  troublesome. 


DECLENSION    OF    PRONOUNS. 


83 


©rammattfrfje^. 


Grammatical. 


1.   Declension  of  the  Indefinite  Article  compared  with 
the  Definite. 


Masc. 
Nom.  etn, 
Gon.   em*e$, 
Bat.  em^em, 
Ace.    euveit, 


Fern.  Neut. 

em=e,  etn,  a. 

euver,  ein**0f  of  a. 

etn^er,  eu>emf  to  a. 

etn=e,  etn,  a. 


Masc. 

ber, 

bc§f 

bem, 

ben, 


Fern. 

bte, 
bcrr 
ber, 

bte, 


Neut. 

ba8. 

beg. 
bcm. 

bag. 


2.   The  Possessive  Pronouns  (2.  1.)  are  declined  like  cut. 

The  Possessive  Pronoun  tfjr  of  the  third  person  plural,  like  the  Personal 
Pronoun  of  the  same  number  (1.  4.),  is  substituted  for  the  second  person, 
and  written  with  a  capital  initial  : 

©d)vet6en  @te  3(>ren  SBrief  nut  3fyrem       Are  you  writing  your  letter  with 
Sletfttft  ?  your  pencil  ? 

3. .  The  following  are  the  Interrogative  Pronouns  : 

2Bcr?  who?  2Ba§  fiiv?  what  kind  of? 

28a§?  what?        SBeldjer?  which?  what? 

SBcr  and  to  Jig  are  declined  as  follows  : 

m$  ?  what  ? 

(we§  ?  of  what  ?) 

Dative  wanting. 


Nom. 

h>er? 

who? 

Gen. 

lucjfen  ? 

whose  ? 

Bat' 

iv cm  ? 

to,  for  whom  ? 

Ace. 

Veen? 

whom  ? 

i»a£? 


what? 


2Ber  ift  er  ?    gr  tft  tin  Wlakx 
$8a$  fur  etn  heater  tft  er  ? 
(Etn  ScmbfcbaftSmaler. 
2Beld)er  8anbf$aft$maler? 

4.  Indefinite  Pronouns  are : 

3cbermamt,  everybody. 
3emanb,      somebody,  anybody. 
9?tentanb,     nobody,  not  anybody. 


Who  is  he  ?     He  is  a  painter. 
'  What  kind  of  a  painter  is  he  ? 
A  landscape-painter. 
Which  landscape-painter  ? 


GctroaS,  something,  anything. 
9cid)t3,  nothing,  not  anything. 
Ttan     (French  on),  one,  they. 


The  first  three  of  these  pronouns  are  usually  inflected  like  nouns  of  the 
Old  Declension,  though  the  forms  3emanben,  Sfttemanben  sometimes  occur  in 
the  dative  and  accusative.     SSftan,  md)t$,  and  ettt>a3  are  indeclinable. 


84  LESSON    15. 

5.  9Watt  is  used  only  as  the  subject  of  a  verb,  and  may  some- 
times be  rendered  one  ;  but  frequently  the  active  verb,  of  which 
Utatt  is  the  subject,  is  best  rendered  by  the  corresponding  pas- 
sive, the  object  of  the  former  being  the  subject  of  the  latter  : 

3J?an  lofct  if)tt.  He  is  praised.  One  praises  him. 

9Ran  fennt  u)n  ntdjt.  He  is  not  known.       One  does  not  know  him. 

9ft cm  fctcjt  (French,  on  dit).     It  is  said.  One  says  (they  say). 

6.  Nouns  used  in  a  general  or  indefinite  sense  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  a  word  corresponding  to  any  or  some : 

£ctfren  <3ie  Buder  ?  Have  you  (any  or  some)  sugar  ? 

3d)  fyabt  2ftef)l  gefauft.  I  have  bought  some  flour. 

7.  $tlflrt£,  in  the  sense  of  some,  somewhat,  a  little,  is  often 

used  before  nouns  and  adjectives  ;    tuddjcr,   in  the   sense  of 

some  (an  indefinite  quantity),  is  used  in  place  of  a  previously 

expressed  noun  : 

(Er  |at  nod)  etttaS  ©elb ;   fte  Ijctt  aud)       He  has  still  some  money  ;  she  also 

tt)eld)c$.  lias  some. 

(&$  ttrirb  ettoaS  fuf)l.  It  is  becoming  somewhat  cool. 

-"  8.  The  Subordinating  Conjunctions  are  those  which  require 
the  same  construction  as  do  the  relative  pronouns  (8.  6.) ;  the 
following  are  the  principal  ones  : 

aU,  bafi,         inbem', 

bettor',        ba,  itad)bem\ 

&tS,  falls,         ofr, 

3d)  traue  tijtn,  tteit  i^  wetjj,  ba§  er  reb=  I  trust  him,  because  I  know  that  he 

lid)  ift  is  honest, 

©r  fyoffr,  bct§  fte  fommen  tterben.  He  hopes  that  they  will  come. 

<3te  fommt,  ftenn  fie  3ctt  fyat.  She  is  coming,  ifshe  has  time  (time  has). 

28tr  toarteten,  bid  hnr  e3  forten.  We  waited  till  we  heard  it. 

3nbcm  id)  fyier  serroeile,  btncjt  er  fd)on  While  I  am  waiting  here,  he  is  (al- 

bte  Sftorbcr.  ready)  hiring  the  murderers. 

3d)  verier  nid)t  2Ifle3,  ba  folder  Sireimb  I  have  not  lost  everything,  since  such 

nth*  geoliefcen  ijt.  a  friend  has  remained  true  to  me. 

2)te  2)eutfd)en  fonnen  erfi  ii&er  Ctteratnr  The  Germans  can  only  judge  of  litera- 

urtfieilen,  fcitbem  fte  felfcfl  erne  2itera=  ture,  since  they  themselves  have  a 

tur  fyaben.  literature. 


fett, 

tt>at)rertb, 

fettbem', 

it>eif, 

into,ectd)tet, 

ttenm 

DECLENSION    OF    NOUNS. 


85 


Mt'wn  16. 


Lesson  16o 


NOUNS  OF  THE  NEW  AND  MIXED  DECLENSION.       FORMATION  OF  FEMI- 
NINE NOUNS  FROM  MASCULINE.      FORMS  OF  CONDITIONAL  MOOD. 


Setfjiiere. 

Der  3NSger  fd)itfte  bem  9?effen  be3  ®rafen 

einen  -gtofen. 
SSlan  ftnbet  ben  (Elepljan'ten,  after  nicfyt 

ben  S3oren  in  Slfrifa. 
£err  <Stein  kfucfyte  £errn  23raun. 
$ennen  <5ie  ben  Sfteffen  unferer  Se^ 

rertn  ? 
Die  ©djulerin  ttiirbe  una  gent  kgtei'ten, 

ttenn  fie  3eit  $atte. 


Examples. 

The  hunter  sent  the  nephew  of  the 

count  a  hare. 
The  elephant,  but  not  the  bear,  is 

found  in  Africa.     ' 
Mr.  Stein  visited  Mr.  Braun. 
Do  you  know  the  nephew  of  our 

teacher  ? 
The  scholar  wrould  gladly  accompany 

us,  if  she  had  time. 


SBorierticrjetdjnife. 

$er  $ran$o'fc,  -en,  Frenchman. 

Der  ®rctf,  -en,  count. 

Der  8d»e#  -n,  lion. 

Der  9£effe,  -n,  nephew. 

Der  $reu§c,  -n,  Prussian. 

Der  Sftuffe,  -n,  Eussian. 

Der  <3otbaf,  -en,  soldier. 

Der  ©trauj?,  -dJ,  bouquet. 

Der  £urfe,  -n,  Turk. 

Xit  goujt'ne,  -,  (female)  cousin. 

Die  ©drtnertn,  -,  gardener,    t  =  d. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  Jtaiferin,  -,  empress. 
Die  $oniajn,  -,  queen. 
Die  9cid)te,  -,  niece. 
Die  $Pu£mad)erin,  -,  milliner. 
Die  3ettung,  -,  newspaper. 
2>tt0  £oo3,  -e3,  lot ;  allotment. 
9tu3ge$etd)net,  excellent. 
mt,  with, 
hunter,  lively. 
Skrfpre'cfcen,  to  promise. 
2Bunf$en3i»ert&,  desirable. 


=  t. 


$ret  unb  breifetgftc  5tufgaBe. 

1.  T)Ci$  $tnb  Ht  ben  23aren  nnb  ben  Somen  cjefefjen.  2.  £)iefer 
nmntere  $nak  ift  ber  9ieffe  be$  ©rafen  *>on  ©cpnfeld.  3.  £er 
©raf  son  9*.  fjat  fetnem  5^effen  ein  $ferb  »erfprod)en  (11.  5.). 
4.  Die  ©djroejier  btefeS  Stnaten  tft  bie  ©djiiferin  (4.)  metner 
©djroefter.  5.  £>er  @ofm  btefes  granjofen  tjt  ein  ©olbat,  niefct 
m\)v  (13.  3.)?  6.  3j|  bas  2oo3  be$  ©olbaten  rounfdjenswertf)  ? 
7.   ipcrr  9?aa,et  feat  £errn  SReijje*  ein  £an3  in  ber  $eterftrafe 


85  LESSON     16. 

serfanft.  8.  2)te  .ftonigin  oon  $reu£en  ift  bie  ^aiferttt  oon 
£)eutfd)lanb.  9,  3&tv  $rcn§e  fann  fefen  nnb  fdjreiben.  10* 
£)er  9tuj[e  ift  ber  Watyax  beS  Xitrfen.  11.  £err  Gutter  befucfyte 
ffincn  gvennb,  £errn  SBeber,  lejjte  2Bo$e  (6.  3.).  12.  Diefe 
3ta(ienerin  ift  cine  ansgejcidmete  (Sangertn.  13.  3$  IjaU  fit 
oft  gefeben.  14.  SGtr  l)aben  bie  3"tung  beS  gran$ofen  gelefen. 
15.  2Bir  tjaben  bie  9?td)te  ber  ®raftn  Sternberg  gefel)en.  16.  T)a$ 
ftinb  fptclt  gem  rait  feinera  Setter.  17.  Die  ©artnertn  tjat  metner 
Goujtne  einen  ©tran§  gegeben.  18.  Unfere  Gutter  i\t  nnfere 
Sefyrerin.  19.  gran  9?agel  fyat  ber  $u£mad)erin  bie  (Setbe  nnb 
bie  SBlume  gefd)tdt.  20.  28a3  miirben  (6.)  ©ie  faufen,  mnn  ©ie 
in  ber  <Stabt  maren  nnb  oiel  (Mb  fatten  (5.)? 

Exercise  34. 

1.  The  Russian  is  visiting  (6.  4.)  the  Frenchman.  2.  The 
Frenchman  is  the  friend  of  the  Russian.  3.  The  Russian  sells 
the  Frenchman  the  wheat.  4.  The  Frenchman  sells  the  Rus- 
sian the  silk.  5.  The  lot  of  a  soldier  is  not  desirable.  6.  Mr. 
Weber  and  his  nephew  are  visiting  their  friend,  Mr.  Miiller. 
7.  My  mother  was  my  teacher.  8.  The  nephew  of  the  count 
is  a  scholar.  9.  My  sister  was  the  scholar  of  our  aunt.  10. 
This  Turk  is  &  soldier,  is  he  not  (13.  3.)?  11.  Miss  Weber  is 
the  friend  (4.)  of  my  sister.  12.  What  has  Mr.  Gruber  prom- 
ised the  boy*?  13.  He  has  not  promised  the  boy  anything. 
14.  Can  every  Prussian  read  and  write  1  15.  Did  you  say  : 
Every  Frenchman  is  not  a  soldier,  or  not  every  Frenchman  is 
a  soldier]  16.  Has  Mr.  Meissner  sold  Mr.  Nagel  a  horse] 
17.  He  has  sold  Mr.  Nagel  a  wagon.  18.  Is  this  singer  (4.) 
an  Italian  lady  (4.)]  19.  No,  she  is  an  American.  20.  I  would 
(6.)  read  the  book,  if  I  had  (5.)  it. 

®rammattfdje0.  Grammatical. 

1.    Nouns  whose  Genitive  singular  ends  in  it  or  ett,  are  of 

the  New  Declension : 


DECLENSION    OF    NOUNS. 


87 


The  boy. 

The  soldier. 

Nom. 

ber    $nabe, 

ber    (Solbaf, 

£err, 

Gen. 

bes    $(nakt*n, 

be3    ©olbat^en, 

£err=n, 

Bat. 

bent  $nabe-n, 

bent  ©oIbat>en, 

£en>n, 

Ace. 

ben  $(nabt*n. 

ben  ^>olbat*en. 

£err=n. 

2.  Nouns  of  the  New  Declension,  ending  in  an  accented  syl- 
lable, form  the  oblique  cases  by  adding  t\l ',  those  ending  in 
unaccented  e,  by  adding  tt. 

Most  names  of  males,  ending  in  e,  belong  to  the  New  Declension  ;  also 
various  foreign  nouns,  ending  in  an  accented  syllable  : 

Der  Sotte,  the  lion.  Der  D$$  or  Dd)fe,  the  ox. 

Dei  £afe,  the  hare.  Der  Kbft&tf ,  the  lawyer. 

3.  Many  foreign  nouns  ending  in  flr,  as  ^aftor,  Softer, 
^rofejfor,  &c,  and  the  following  list,  belong  to  the  Mixed  De- 
clension, i.  e.  in  the  sing,  to  the  Old,  in  the  plur.  to  the  New  : 


5D«  2l()n,  ancestor. 
Der  23ctuer,  peasant. 
Der  Dent,  thorn. 
Der  flitter,  spangle. 
Der  ftorfc  forest. 
Der  ®cut,  country. 
Der  @e»at'ter,  godfather. 
Der  Worker,  laurel. 
SDer  9ttajr,  mast. 


Der  9catf>I)ar,  neighbor. 
Der  $Pfau,  peacock. 
Der  <5ee,  lake.  $  -  *L 

Der  ©tctat,  state. 
Der  @tra$l,  beam. 
Der  ©trau§,  ostrich. 
Der  (Stack!,  sting. 
Der  Unteru)an,  subject. 


Der  ^Better,  cousin. 
Der  Bierratt),  ornament. 
Da$  2luge,  eye. 
Da«  Sett,  bed. 
2)a3  Snbe,  end. 
DaS  £emb,  shirt. 
DaS  D(jr,  ear. 
DaS  3nfeft',  insect. 


4.    Many  feminine  nouns  are  formed  from  masculines  by  the 
suffix  in  : 


Der  STmerifa'ner,  the  American. 
Der  23crlt'ner,  the  Berliner. 
Der  ftreunb,  the  friend. 
Der  Sefcrer,  the  teacher. 
Der  (Sdjuler,  the  scholar. 
Der  flaifer,  the  emperor. 
Der  .ftitata.,  the  king. 
Der  Stger,  the  tiger. 

Some  nouns  take  the  um 


Die  Sunerifa'rerin,  the  American  lady. 
Die  ©erlt'nertn,  the  Berlin  lady. 
Die  ftreunbin,  the  female  friend. 
Die  Sekertn,  the  female  teacher. 
Die  ©diulerin,  the  female  scholar. 
Die  .ft atferrn,  the  empress. 
Die  -ftoniciin,  the  queen. 
Die  £ta,erin,  the  tigress. 

laut :  Der  Jfodj,  bie  flod&in,  &c. 


— .  . 


LB 


jESSON 


16. 


5.  Most  German  verbs,  like  the  one  English  verb  to  be,  have 
in  the  Imperfect  Tense  a  distinct  form,  to  indicate  doubt,  con- 
tingency, or  conditionally : 


Indicative  Form. 

2Barerf)ter? 
Was  he  here  ? 
<£r  f)atte  baS  Sfttttet. 
He  had  the  means. 
3d)  fonnte  gefyen. 
I  could  go. 


Conditional  Forms. 


SBdre  er  Ijter. 
Were  he  here. 
£dtte  cr  baS  SWittet. 
Had  he  the  means, 
it'onnte  id)  geljen. 
Could  I  go. 


2Benn  er  Ijter  todre. 
If  he  were  here. 
2Benn  er  baa  SJHttel  ^dtte* 
If  he  had  the  means. 
SBcnn  id)  geljen  fonnte. 
If  I  could  go. 


6.    $$ih'bc   (36.   1.,   &c.)   answers  to   would,    implying   con- 
ditionality  ;   mlid)tc  answers  to  would,  implying  desire  : 


3d)  nmrbe  geljen,  n>enn  id)  fonnte. 

2Ba3  luurben  ©ie  ttwn  ? 

3d)  roiirbe  arbeiten  nnb  roarten. 

(Er  mod)te  geljen,  ab:r  e$  tDiirbe  feinem 

5>atcr  mtfjfal'fat. 
3d)  mod)te  ttriffen,  tt>a3  er  tfyun  ttwrbe, 

tt>enn  cr  retd)  tt)are. 
3d)    mod)te    totjfen,    ttnemet    Uf>r    e3 

iff. 
(£3  tjt  fd)on  geljn  Sttinuten  nad)  neun 

itf)r ;  id)  roitrbe  Ijeute  nid)t  mel)r  au3-* 


3d)  mod)te  gerne  ftfdjen  gefoen. 
3d)  mod)te  lieber  auf  bent  $elbe  arbeiten, 
aU  ftfd)en  gefyen. 


I  would  go,  if  I  could. 

What  would  you  do  ? 

I  would  work  and  wait. 

He  would  (like  to)  go,  but  it  would 

displease  his  father. 
1  would  like  to  know  (I  wonder) 

what  he  would  do,  if  he  were  rich. 
I  wish  I  knew  (I  would  like  to  know 

or  I  wonder)  what  time  it  is. 
It  is  already  ten  minutes  after  nine 

o'clock  ;  I  would  not  go  out  any 

more  to-day. 
I  would  like  to  go  a  fishing. 
I  would  rather  work  in  the  field, 

than  go  a  fishing. 


7.    An  independent  sentence,  following  a  conditional  one,  is 
usually  introduced  by  the  word  ffl  : 


2Benn  tmr  nidjt  fo  ntiibe  ttdren,  fo  tour* 

ben  ttrir  ge.fjen. 
SBenn  id)  nid)t  franf  getoefen  todre,  fo 

toiirbe  id)  <3te  getotp  befud)t  fyaben ;  or 
SBdre  id)  ntd)t  franf  getoefen,  fo  I)dtte  id) 

<&k  kfud)t. 


If  we  were  not  so  tired,  we  would 

go. 
If  I  had  not  been  sick,  I  certainly 

would  have  visited  you  ;   or 
Had  I  not  been  sick,  I  had  (would 

have)  visited  you. 


<n 


PLURAL    OP    NOUN! 


89 


Mtion  17, 


Lesson  17. 


PLURAL    OF    NOUNS. 


Connected  View  of  the  Old,  New,  and  Mixed  Declensions. 


Old  Declension. 


Singular.  Plural. 

The  painter. 


N.  ber  9ftaler, 
G.  beg  Winter^, 
I).  bemSflaler, 
A.  ben  9Jtaler, 


bie  yRaUv, 
ber  SJialer, 
ben  SQtaler^n, 
bie  9flaler* 


The  hand. 


N.  bie  £anb, 

G.  ber  Jpanb, 

i).  ber  £anb, 

A.  bie  £anb* 


bie  £anb*e, 
ber  £anb^e, 
bcrt  $anb*en, 
bie  £anb^e. 


Singular.  Plural. 

The  friend. 


ber    grennb, 
beg    greunb^eg, 
bem  greunb^e, 
ben    grennb* 


bie  greunb^e, 
ber  grennb^e, 
ben  grennb^en, 
bie  grennb^e* 


*  The  year. 


bag  Scifyx, 
beg   3a^r=eg, 
bent  3a$r*e, 
bag  3afyr. 


bie    3afyr*e, 
ber   3a$r»e, 
ben  3^^)^en, 
bie   Safae. 


New  Declension. 


Singular.  Plural. 

The  boy. 


N.  ber   $nabe, 

G.  beg  ^?nabe-n, 

2).  bem  ^nabe^n, 

A.  ben  $nab=en, 


bie  $naU*n, 
ber  $nafce=n, 
ben  jtnabc=n, 
bie  ^nabe=n. 


Singular.  Plural. 

The  woman. 


bie  gran, 

ber  gran, 

ber  gran, 

bie  gran, 


bie  grau-en, 

ber  graven, 

ben  graven, 

bie  graven. 


Singular. 

The  peasant 


Mixed  Declension 

Plural. 


N.  ber  33auer, 

G.  beg  33auer*g, 

D.  bem  33aner, 

A.  fan  S3aner, 


bie  33auer*it, 
ber  33aucr*n, 
ben  33auer^n, 
bie  23aner^n. 


Plural. 


The  doctor. 


ber    £)oftor, 
beg   £>oftor=g, 
bem  !Doftor, 
ben   £)oftor, 


bie  £)oftor'-en, 

ber  £)ofror*en, 

ben  £)ofror*en, 

bie  $)  of  tor*  em 


90 


LESSON    17. 


SSetfjiiele. 

2)ie  Sefyrer  unb  tie  <Scf)uler  madjen  emeu 

©pajier'gang. 
Xk  Sxtfibtn  fucfyen  ©lumen. 
25 tc  ©dmetber  unb  ©djnetberinncn  go 

braucfyen  9?abeln  unb  ^tnger^ute. 
3u»cilcn  fdjrei&cn  bie  <3d)itler  ifyre  5Tuf= 

<jakn  mil  SBletfhften. 


Examples. 

The  teachers  and  the  scholars  are 
taking  a  walk. 

The  boys  are  looking  for  flowers. 

The  tailors  and  tailoresses  use  nee- 
dles and  thimbles. 

Sometimes  the  scholars  write  their 
exercises  with  pencils. 


SBortertjerjetdjntj?. 

$er  Glcpknt',  -en,  pi.  -en,  elephant. 

2>er  ©arten,  -3,  pi.  ©arten,  garden. 

®er  ©pajier'gang,  -3,  pi.  -gdnge,  walk. 

$te  BUtt,  -,  pi.  -n,  lily. 

SDlc  SRaiMume,  -,  pi.  -n,  lily  of  the  val- 

Xie  3Wenfd$ett,  -,  mankind.  [ley. 

Tit  9ielfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  pink. 

5Dh  £ulpe,  -,  pi.  -n,  tulip. 

$tt§  0olb,  -eS,  gold. 

2)a$  3)Mrd)en,  -3,  pi.  -,  tale,  story. 


Vocabulary. 

T>a$  £cwfenbfd)6n,  -3,  pi.  -e,  pansy. 

DaS  SSergtjj'metmttd&t,  -3,  pi.  -e,  forget- 

9Werlet,  all  kinds,  sorts.         [me-not. 

@rsdf)'ten,  to  tell,  relate. 

%a\t,  nearly,  almost. 

3'riiljer,  formerly. 

©elef/rig,  docile. 

ileljrett,  to  sweep. 

SBerfer'tigcn,  to  make,  manufacture. 

SBerttjtioU,  valuable. 


gihtf  unb  brctgioftc  5(ufgaBc. 

1.  Diefe  2lrmftitf}fe  ftnb  grog.  2.  Die  2lufgaJ3en  ftnb  ntc^t  $u 
[corner.  3.  Diefe  9(rbeiter  ftnb  fleijug  unb  iufricben.  4.  3ene 
gran3ofen  unb  3ta(iencr  ftnb  Dfft^tere.  5.  Die  5Ierjte  (14.  2.) 
ftnb  bie  greunbe  ber  9ftenfd)r>ett  (14.  2.).  6.  Die  StfdYier  ijerfertU 
gen  £ifd)e  unb  $ulte.     7.  Unfere  ^iifyrer  iuaren  fritter  ©olbaten. 

8.  Die  Sefyrer  unb  bie  ©emitter  §abm  eincn  ©pajiergang  gemad)t. 

9.  Die  33(eiftifte  ftnb  neu,  unb  bie  gebern  ftnb  alt  10.  Diefe 
Uftren  ftnb  son  (Mb.  11.  Diefe  23(mnen  ftnb  3tofen..  12.  Die 
3ager  fyabtn  biefe  9JKird)en  er3al)lt.  13.  Die  (Elepfyanten  (14.  2.) 
ftnb  gelefyrtg.  14.  Diefe  £iite  ftnb  gu  grog.  15.  Diefe  $trd)en 
ftnb  neu.  16.  3ene  ©attler  unb  biefe  ©djreiner  orbetten  fefyr 
fleigig.  17.  Diefe  33efen  fefyren  gut  (1.  3.);  fie  ftnb  neit,  18. 
@o(d)e  ®emalbe,  ti?ie  biefe,  ftnb  toertfyyott.  19.  Diefe  ©anger  ftnb 
bie  ©6|ne  unferer  9kd)barn,  nid)t  \val)x  (13.  3.)? 


PLURAL    OF    NOUNS.  91 

Exercise  36. 

1.  We  have  bought  these  arm-chairs.  2.  Are  these  workmen 
skilful  %  3.  Yes,  they  make  such  chairs  and  desks  as  these. 
4.  Those  officers  are  Italians  and  Frenchmen.  5.  Who  has  told 
you  these  tales  %  6.  The  soldiers  have  told  me  these  stories. 
7.  These  roses  are  white,  those  are  red.  8.  The  sons  of  our 
neighbor  sing  well.  9.  These  pencils  are  too  hard.  10.  These 
watches  are  of  silver.  11.  The  coats  of  these  soldiers  are  not 
very  fine.  12.  The  scholars  have  taken  a  walk  with  their 
teachers.  13.  These  brooms  are  new;  they  sweep  well.  14. 
What  kind  of  (15.  3.)  flowers  have  you]  15.  I  have  roses. 
16.  These  hunters  were  formerly  soldiers.  17.  These  scholars 
find  their  exercises  very  easy.  18.  Are  not  the  physicians  the 
friends  of  mankind  (14.  2.)1  19.  These  builcftngs  are  large 
and  beautiful.  20.  We  have  all  kinds  of  flowers  in  the  garden. 
21.  These  roses  and  lilies  are  very  beautiful. 


©rammatiftfjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  Nouns  of  the  Old  Declension  ending  in  the  Nominative 
singular  in  e,  el,  Ctt,  Or,  djeu,  Ictlt,  have  the  same  form  in  the 
Nominative  plural  (exceptions  18.  1.  and  2.) : 

Der  <3attler,  the  saddler.  Die  ©attlcr,  the  saddlers. 

DaS  ©ebau'be,  the  building.  Die  ©efcaube,  the  buildings. 

Der  Coffer,  the  trunk.  Die  Coffer,  the  trunks. 

DaS  SWittel,  the  means.  Die  SWittel,  the  means. 

2.  Masculine  Nouns  not  ending  in  the  Nominative  singular 
in  C  or  a  liquid  unaccented,  form,  the  Nominative  plural  by 
adding  e  and  taking  the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it  (exceptions 
18.  3.  and  4.): 

Der  fatnm,  the  comb.  Die  $amme,  the  combs. 

Dtl  Strom,  the  stream.  Die  <Strbme,  the  streams. 

Dcr  £ut,  the  hat.  Die  £iite,  the  hats. 

Der  33cutm,  the  tree.  Die  23ciume,  the  trees. 


92 


LESSON    17. 


3.  Neuter  Nouns  not  ending  in  the  Nominative  singular  in  c 
or  a  liquid  unaccented,  form  their  Nominative  plural  by  add- 
ing c: 

Da3  3<rf)r,  the  year.  Die  %a$\'t,  the  years. 

Da3  ©ebot',  the  commandment.  2)ie  ©ebote,  the  commandments. 

DaS  9>ult,  the  desk.  Die  9>ulte,  the  desks. 

4.  Feminine  Nouns  ending  in  the  Nominative  singular  in 
fltttft  and  m§,  form  their  Nominative  plural  by  adding  c  and 
taking  the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it ;  those  ending  in  faf,  by 
adding  c  without  the  umlaut  : 


Die  SfaSfunfte,  the  reports. 
Die  SBitbniffc,  the  wildernesses. 
Die  Stiibfale,  the  tribulations. 


Die  Sfoafunft,  the  report. 
Die  2Bitbnij5,  the  wilderness. 
Die  Sriibfal,  the  tribulation. 

1.  The  following  thirty-three  words  add  e  in  the  Nominative  plural,  and 
take  the  umlaut : 

Die  £anb,  hand.  Die  9ft  auS,  mouse. 

Die  $aut,  skin.  Die  9?ad)r,  ni .  ht. 

Die  flluft,  gap.  Die  9?al)t,  stitch. 

Die  tfraft,  strength.  Die  9to$,  need. 

Die  Jht$,  cow.  Die  «Rug,  walnut. 

Die  iftmfl,  art.  Die  <3au,  sow,  hog. 

Die  SauS,  louse.  Die  S$nur,  lace. 

Die  i'lift,  air.  Die  ©tabt,  city. 

Die  i?ujt,  pleasure.  Die  SBcmb,  wall. 

Die  3Wad)t,  might.  Die  SBitrjl,  sausage. 
Die  2ftagb,  maid-servant.      Die  3unft,  company. 

2.  The  two  nouns  SWltttCt  and  XotfjttY  form  their  plural  by  taking  the 
umlaut. 

3.  All  other  Feminine  Nouns  belong  to  the  New  Declension. 

5.   Feminine  nouns  formed  from  Masculine  nouns  by  taking 
the  suffix  in,  form  their  plural  by  adding  nett  : 


Die  ITngft,  anguish. 
Die  Sludjludjt,  subterfuge. 
Die  3trt,  ax. 
Die  33anf,  bench. 
Die  Sraut,  bride. 
Die  23ntjr,  breast. 
Die  goafi,  list. 
Die  $rud)t,  fruit. 
Die  ©an3,  goose. 
Die  ©ruft,  grave. 
Die  ©efcfywuljt',  swelling. 


Die  $aiferm,  the  empress. 
Die  ©cfyneiberin,  the  tailoress. 


Die  $aiferinnen,  the  empresses. 
Die  ©djnetberinnen,  the  tailoresses. 


6.    Nouns  ending  in  the  Nominative  plural  in  n,  have  all 
cases  in  the  plural  alike  ;  all  others  add  tt  in  the  Dative. 


PLURAL    OF    NOUNS.  93 

7.   Adjective  words  (1.  2.,  2.  1.)  have  in  the  plural  but  one 
form  for  all  genders  : 

Plural. 


Rom. 

fete, 

biefe, 

metne, 

feme, 

Gen. 

t>er, 

btefer, 

meitter, 

feincr, 

Bat. 

ben, 

tuefett, 

meitten, 

fetnen, 

Ace. 

bie. 

btefc. 

meine. 

fetne. 

8.  Adjectives,  in  the  plural,  are  declined  like  the  above 
words ;  except  that,  when  preceded  by  them,  they  end  in  all 
cases  in  Ctt  : 

2)iefe  flei&igen  ©cfyuler  fyaben  feme  pten  These   diligent   scholars    have    no 

Siicfyer.  good  books, 

©utc  £>errfcr;er  Men  getjor'fame  ttntcr*  Good 

tfyanen.  jects. 

9.  There  is  in  German  a  characteristic  use  of  words  in  ap- 
position, answering  to  that  of  corresponding  ones  in  English 
connected  by  of  (8.  23)  : 

3n  ber  ©tabt  granffurt  ffl  e(n  igtanb*  In  the  city  of  Frankfort  there  is  a 
Mlb  ®uttenoerg3.  statue  of  Guttenberg. 

5lm  acfytjelmten  Dfto'ocr  ac^tge^n  fynnbert  On  the  eighteenth  of  October,  1813, 
imb  breuclm  roar  bte  <3ci>tad)t  kt  Setpjtg.  the  battle  of  Leipsic  was  fought. 

£)er  Sftonat  fSlai  ttnrb  oft  bcr  SBonne*  The  month  of  May  is  often  called  the 
moncrt  genannt.  month  of  joy. 

dx  faufte  j»d  9)funb  3roetfd)en.  He  bought  two  pounds  of  prunes. 

©eben  @ie  mtr  jroci  Gotten  ®arn.  Give  me  two  spools  of  thread. 

10.  With  a  qualifying  word  the  construction  in  both  lan- 
guages is  similar  : 

3»ei  Centner  son  foment  £en.  j  Two  hundred         dg  of  such  hay> 
Broet  Centner  folcfyen  £eue3.      ) 

11.  The  common  and  proper  names  of  streams  are  often 
written  as  one  word  : 

£>er  Sftyeinftrom.    £>er  SKiffifftp'pijIug.    The  river  Rhine.  The  Mississippi  river. 

12.  Words  denoting  points  of  compass  are  often  joined  with 
a  noun  in  one  word  : 

£>er  -Worbpol.    ©itbamertfa.  The  North  Pole.     South  America. 


94 


LESSON   18. 


Mtion  18. 


Lesson  18. 


IRREGULAR  PLURAL  OF  NOUNS. 


83etfjrie(e. 

£>te  ©ommertage  unb  bte  SBtnterafcenbe 

ftnb  lang. 
2)te  Jttnber  fyoren  gem  bie  Sieber  ber 

©oget  in  ben  ©albern. 
Die  flatter  in  bicfen  23itcfyern  finb  nocfy 

nidt>t  aufgef<$nitten. 
2>ie  Baijne  ber  £unbe  ftnb  fdjarf. 
2>ie  Defen  in  bent  £aufe  bed  £errn 

9ia(>ner  ftnb  »on  3>orjcttaii'. 

SSiirtertierjetdjntfe. 

$er  STpfel, -d,  pi.  STepfel,  apple. 
2)er  2(rm,  -ed,  pi.  -e,  arm. 
2)er  33erg,  -ed,  pi.  -e,  mountain. 
2>er  ®etft,  -ed,  pi.  er,  spirit  ;  ghost. 
Star  -pafen,  -  8,  pi.  £afen,  harbor ;  haven. 
Xer  8c&,  -pi,  pi.  -er,  body. 
Stor  Mattel,  -d,  pi.  SRantel,  cloak. 
SDer  Bagel,  -d,  pi.  9?agef,  nail.  g=— . 
£cr  3dmf>,  -ed,  pi.  -e,  shoe,    u  =  oe. 
2)er  <5cfutf)mad)er,  -d,  pi.  -,  shoemaker. 
£er  Scfyftagcr,  -3,  pi.  ©cfyroager,  broth- 
2)er  2ag,  -zi,  pi.  -e,  day.     [er-in-law. 
£er  Unterfd)tcb,  -d,  pi.  -e,  difference. 
2)er  2Bintermonat,  -d,  pi.  -e,  winter- 
5DtC  Sufi,  -,  pi.  Sitfte,  air.        [month. 
XaB  Stmt,  -ed,  pi.  Slemter,  office. 
1)a$  !Dad),  -ed,  pi.  £)a$er,  roof. 
QaZ  2>orf,  -ed,  pi.  2)6rfer,  village. 
£>ad  ©t,  -ed,  pi.  -er,  egg. 


Examples. 

The  summer  days  and  the  winter 

everings  are  long. 
The  children  like  to  hear  the  songs 

of  the  birds  in  the  woods. 
The  leaves  of  these  books  are  not  yet 

cut. 
The  teeth  of  the  dogs  are  sharp. 
The   stoves   in  the   house  of  Mr. 

Rabner  are  of  porcelain. 

Vocabulary. 

®a$  ©lad,  -ed,  pi.  ©Iafer,  glass. 

Had  SRejl,  -ed,  pi.  -er,  nest. 

2)ctd  9)orgetlan',  -d,  porcelain. 

&a$  9tab,  -ed,  pi.  $aber,  wheel. 

1>ci$  S$al,  -ed,  pi.  Scaler,  valley ;  dale. 

T)a$  2Mf,-ed,  pi.  Golfer,  people,  nation. 

£te  Seute  (pi.  of  obs.  bad  Seut),  -,  people. 

Sitter,  aKe,  ailed,  all. 

©tntragltdj,  lucrative,  profitable. 

$eud(jt,  damp,  moist,  humid. 

©ele'gen,  situated. 

®ki$,  alike  (like). 

SMertfd),  picturesque. 

9?afjrf)aft,  nutritious. 

©tarf,  strong  (stark). 

©terbttd),  mortal  (fterfcen,  starve). 

©tetl,  steep. 

UnfterMidj,  immortal. 

3rotfdjen,  between. 


SieBcn  unb  breifetgfte  tofpfie. 

1.  ttnfere  £etfrer  ftnb  jterMidj,  after  unferc  ©eifier  ftnb  unfterfc* 
lid).  2.  (5tnb  biefe  neuen  Defen  son  ^or^tlcm?  3.  2©ad  ift  ber 
Unterfd)ieb  stoifdjen  „  3SoI!  "  nnb  „  Seute "  ?     4.  T)ie  Mantel  met* 


IRREGULAR    PLURAL   OP   NOUNS.  95 

tter  33ritber  ftnb  item  5.  Die  £afen  jmb  ttef,  6,  3n  ben  SMnter* 
tnonatert  ftnt>  bie  SIbenbe  tang  nnb  bie  £age  fnr^.  7.  Die  21rme 
ber  Sd)miebe  ftnb  ftarf,  nnb  tfyre  jammer  ftnb  [turner.  8.  Der 
©dmfymacfyer  fyat  bie  ©d)n^e  nod)  nid)t  gemad)t.  9.  (Sr  ir-itrbe 
(16.  6.)  fie  gemad)t  fyaben,  roenn  cr  nid)t  Ivanf  geivefen  mare  (14.  4., 
16.  5.).  10.  Die  Dad?er  ber  £anfer  in  ben  Dorfern  finb  fteil. 
11.  Die  SSater  biefer  mnnteren  ^inber  finb  $aufleute.  12.  ©old)e 
©lafer,  wie  biefe,  finb  foftbar.  13.  9M)t  aCte  ©rafer  finb  g(eid) 
nal)rl)aft.  14.  Die  Dorfer  am  guge  jener  23erge  finb  tnalerifd) 
gelegen,  nid)t  h>al)r  (13.  3.)?  15.  Die  $emter  in  biefer  ©rabt 
finb  nic^t  fet)r  eintraglict;.  16.  Diefe  ^Xepfel  finb  nod?  (13.  6.)  nicfyt 
reif.  17.  Diefe  33iid)er  finb  nen  nnb  bitfig  ;  jene  SBticfyer  finb  alt 
unb  teener.  18.  Diefe  ©emalbe  finb  nen  nnb  and)  foftbar.  19. 
Diefe  Scaler  finb  fend)t  nnb  ungefnnb.  20.  Diefe  mnnteren  $na* 
ben  fudjen  Sier  in  ben  9iefrern.  21.  Side  3t^l»frlente  brandjen 
$agel.  22.  Die  3taber  biefeS  mmn  2$agen$  finb  ju  llein.  23. 
Die  (Scfytuager  btefes  ^aufmannS  befud)en  un$  oft.  24.  Diefe 
©raben  ftnb  ntd)t  fetyr  breir. 

Exercise  38. 

1.  Do  you  like  (13.  7.)  apples]  2.  I  like  apples,  but  not 
these,  for  they  are  not  ripe.  3.  These  nails  belong  to  carpen- 
ters, do  they  not  (13.  3.)]  4.  These  gardens  belong  to  the 
brothers-in-law  of  our  neighbor,  Mr.  Schlocker.  5.  In  the  win- 
ter the  trees  are  without  (5.  1.)  leaves.  6.  Not  all  harbors  are 
deep.  7.  The  water  in  these  ditches  is  warm.  8.  These  cloaks 
belong  to  your  brothers,  do  they  not  1  9.  Those  roses  are  very 
beautiful.  10.  These  men  have  stoves  of  porcelain  in  their 
houses.  11.  I  would  (16.  6.)  buy  the  house,  if  it  were  (16.  5.) 
not  too  dear.  12.  What  are  the  children  eating]  13.  Are  the 
offices  in  this  city  lucrative  %  14.  These  children  found  (11.  7.) 
eggs  in  the  nests.  15.  The  valleys  are  deep,  the  mountains 
are  high.  16.  Those  grasses  are  very  nutritious.  17.  Are 
these  glasses  costly]  18.  Which  are  the  winter-months'?  19. 
The  winter  evenings  are  long,  the  days  are  short.     20.    The 


96 


LESSON    18. 


roofs  of  these  houses  are  not  steep.  21.  These  shoes  are  too 
large  for  me.  22.  The  peasants  live  in  villages.  23.  The 
birds  build  nests  in  the  forests.  24.  The  new  wheels  of  this 
carriage  are  not  very  large. 

©rammattfdjeS.  Grammatical. 

Examples  of  Irregular  Plurals. 


Fathers. 

Collars. 

Men. 

K 

bie    33ater» 

bie    .ftragen,  or  $ragen. 

bie 

2Ramt«er. 

G. 

ber   $iiter. 

ber   $ragen,  or  $ragen. 

ber 

Wann^tx. 

B. 

ben  2Sater=n. 

bert  $ragen,  or  $riigen. 

ben 

^ann^ern. 

A. 

bie    23ater. 

bie    .ftragen,  or  .ftragen. 

bie 

9ftann*er. 

Dogs. 

Principalities. 

Children. 

N. 

bie    £unb  e. 

bie    gurftentl)iim-er* 

bie 

^inb^er. 

G 

ber    ipunb^e. 

ber   $itrftentfynm=er. 

ber 

$mb-er. 

B. 

ben  £nnb*en. 

ben  gurftentfyitm^ern. 

ben 

$mb=ern. 

A. 

bie    £nnb*e. 

bie    gnrftenu)iim=er. 

bie 

$inb*er. 

Exceptions  to  Rule  1,  Lesson  17. 
1.    The  following  words  take  the  umlaut  in  the  plural 


2)er  Sfyfel,  apple. 
Der  £antmet,  wether. 
£>er  |i>anbel,  commerce 
3)er  Mangel,  want. 
2)cr  SWantel,  cloak. 
®er  9tabel,  navel. 
2)er  9htgel,  nail. 
3)er  ©attel,  saddle. 


£>er  (Scfynctbel,  beak. 
Der  33ogel,  bird. 
£)er  gaben,  thread. 
£>er  ©arten,  garden. 
3)er  ©rabett,  ditch. 
jDer  |>afett,  haven. 
2)er  Dfen,  stove. 
£)er  ©cfyaben,  injury. 

2.  $ragen,  collar;    9ftagen,  stomach;    and  SBagen,  wagon 
sometimes  take  the  umlaut. 


£>er  STdfer,  field. 

£>er  23ruber,  brother. 

£)er  jammer,  hammer. 

£)er  (5d)tt>ttflcr,  brother-in-law. 

£)er  SSater,  father. 

25a3  Softer,  cloister, 


Exceptions  to  Rule  2,  Lesson  17. 
3.  The  following  add  Cf  and  take  the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it 


£>er  33ofettnd)t,  villain. 
£>er  £)orn,  thorn. 
£>er  ©rift,  spirit. 
2>er  ©ott,  God. 


T)er  £etb,  body. 
S)cr  SSftamt,  man. 
£)er  Drt,  place. 
©er  9knb,  margin. 


Dcr  35ormunb,  guardian. 
£>er  SBalb,  forest. 
2)er  SGBurm,  worm. 


IRREGULAR    PLURAL    OF    NOUNS. 


97 


4,    The  following  reject  the  umlaut  and  add  c 


Der  Sfol,  eel. 

Der  ^erjog,  duke. 

Der  g>fab,  path. 

Der  %av,  eagle. 

Der  £uf,  hoof. 

Der  $ropf,  cork. 

Der  SIfcenb,  evening. 

Der  £>unb,  dog. 

Der  $ulg,  pulse. 

Der  Slrn&oE,  anvil. 

Der  $apaun\  capon. 

Der  spunft,  point. 

Der  Stntoalt,  advocate. 

Der  itobolb,  goblin. 

Der  <5d)aft,  shaft. 

Der  SIrm,  arm. 

Der  $orf,  cork. 

Der  <5d)itl),  shoe. 

Der  Dod)t,  wick. 

Der  5?ranid),  crane. 

Der  <Staar,  starling. 

Der  Dold),  dagger. 

Der  £ad)g,  salmon. 

Der  ©toff,  stuff. 

Der  Dorfd),  haddock. 

Der  gout,  sound. 

Der  £ag,  day. 

Der  ©tbam,  son-in-law.  . 

Der  2eid)nam,  corps. 

Der  ^runfenbolb,  drunkard 

Der  ®emaf)l',  consort. 

SDct  L*ud)g,  lynx. 

Der  Unfjolb,  monster. 

Der  ©rab,  degree. 

Der  9Md),  lizard. 

Der  SBtetfra^,  glutton. 

Der  £abid)t,  hawk. 

Der  SKonat,  month. 

Der  2Btebet)opf,  lapwing. 

Der  £alm,  blade  (of  grass). 

Der  SW'onb,  moon. 

Der  3ofl,  inch. 

Der  #aud),  breath. 

Der  Sftorb  murder. 

Exceptions  to  Rule  3,  Lesson  17. 

5.  $00t  has  the  regular  form  ©note  or  %$Mt. 

6.  The  following  Neuter  Nouns  add  cr  in  the  plural, 
those  having  a,  Ml,  0,  or  u,  take  the  umlaut : 


and 


Dag  9Iag,  carrion. 

Dag  Stmt,  office. 

Dag  93ab,  bath. 

Dag  33ilb,  picture. 

Tat  23iatr,  leaf. 

Dag  Srett,  board. 

2)a«  8tt<$,  book. 

Tat  Taty,  roof. 

Dag  Iwrf,  village. 

Tat  (£i,  egg. 

Dag  $acf),  division. 

Dag  8faf?,  cask. 

Tat  ftelb,  field. 

Dag  ©elb,  money. 

Tat  ©emutb/,  disposition, 

Tat  ©efd)Ied)t',  gender. 


Dag  ©cfpenfr",  ghost. 
Tat  mat,  glass. 
Dag  ©lieb,  member. 
Tat  ©raft,  grave. 
Dag  ©rag,  gtass. 
Tat  ®ut,  property. 
Dag  £aupt,  head. 
Da^  £aug,  house. 
Tat  £o$pttal',  hospital. 
Tat  -jcmjjn,  fowl. 
Tat  mh'f  calf. 
Da^  itamtfol',  jacket. 
Dag  $inb,  child. 
Dag  jtletb,  garment. 
Dag  Sortt,  grain. 
Dag  ftraut,  vegetable. 


Dag  Zamm,  lamb. 

Dag  Stcb,  song. 

Dag  Sod),  hole. 

Dag  Wlaul,  mouth. 

Dag  SRcft,  nest. 

Dag  $arlamenf,  parliament. 

Dag  9)fanb,  pledge. 

Dag  $ab,  wheel. 

Dag  Regiment',  regiment. 

Dag  Wit,  twig. 

Dag  91  fob,  cattle. 

Dag  @d)lo0,  castle. 

Dag  ©dwert,  sword. 

Dag  ©pital,  hospital. 

Dag  2$al,  valley. 

Dag  SJolf,  people. 


7.   All  nouns  also,  ending  in   tjuitt,  add   er  and  take  the 
umlaut  : 

Der  SReidjt&um,  the  riches.        Die  9tei#t$umer,  &c,  the  riches. 
7 


98 


jESSON    18. 


8.  Some  nouns  in  the  plural  have  two  forms;  conveying 
sometimes  different,  though  kindred  significations  : 

Singular.  Plural. 

2)cr  Tlam ;         bte  9ftdnner,  the  men  ;      bie  Gannett,  the  warriors,  vassals. 
1)k  Sar.f ;  bie  23anfe,  the  benches  ;  bie  SBcmfen,  the  banks  (of  commerce). 

2)a3  2Bort;         bte  2Stirter,  the  words     bte  23orte,  the  words  (in  construction), 
(more  than  one) ; 

9.  There  are  in  German  many  nouns  which,  like  a  few  in 
English,  form  their  plural  by  changing  the  radical  vowel,  or  by 
adding  another  syllable  : 


Singular. 
9flcmn,  man  ; 
flinb,    child; 
£dm,  tooth; 
$u§,     foot ; 


Plural. 
Scanner,  men. 
Stnber,    children. 
3af)ne,     teeth, 
gujje,      feet. 


Singular. 
©ruber,  brother ; 
2ftau3,  mouse  ; 
©and,   goose  ; 
Dd)3,     ox  ; 


Plural. 
SBritber,  brethren. 
SSKaufe,  mice, 
©anfe,  geese. 
Dd)fen,  oxen. 


10.  Some  nouns  compounded  with  SUttttlt  or  ^ratt  take  in 
the  plural  the  form  -Itutt,   or  the   regular  forms  -maimer, 

-frauen : 

Sbemann,  husband  ;     (Sbemcinncr,  husbands  ;  )  ~,  f    .  .   ,         , 

~T-  ..  J<  -  ■  >  St)eieute,  married  people. 

(Epe  frau,    wife ;  (£l)etrauen,    wives ;        ) 

11.  Some  nouns  taken  from  French  or  English  retain  their 
original  plural  in  0  : 

©ente,  genius  ;  ©enteg,  geniuses  ;        Jlhtbfe,  club  ;  $M>b$>,  clubs. 

12.  Some  nouns  are  used,  as  in  English,  in  only  one  number  : 
2)ct3  ©olb,  the  gold.  2)er  2Betj$en,  the  wheat. 

©in  9)aar  £ofen,  a  pair  of  pantaloons.        2)ie  Sttafern,  the  measles. 

13.  Some  nouns  are  singular  in  one  language  and  plural  in 
the  other : 


3>ic  5lfd)e  if*  $rijj.    ©cr  |>ofer  ifl  retf. 
2)te  <3d)ere  tft  rofltg.     Die  Bcmge  tji 

blanf. 
3d)  trage  etne  ©rifle. 
$ennen  <3te  ben  Snfyatt  btefeS  33rie* 

feS? 
9ttan  nmjjte  tym  fetnen  £>anf  fur  feme 

©itte. 
£>te  9J?oIfen  ftnb  fauer. 


The  ashes  are  hot.    The  oats  are  ripe. 
The  shears  are  rusty.     The   tongs 

are  bright. 
I  wear  (a  pair  of)  spectacles. 
Do  you  know  the  contents  of  this 

letter  ? 
No  thanks  were  given  him  for  his 

kindness. 
The  whey  is  sour. 


IRREGULAR    PLURAL   OF    NOUNS.  99 

14.  Nouns  having  both  numbers  often  employ  the  singular 
in  one  language,  and  the  plural  in  the  other : 

Sltle  fyafcen  ben  £ut  auf  bem  $opfe.  All  have  their  hats  on  their  heads. 

2)?an  trttt  un3  nut  $i\$m.  We  are  trodden  under  foot. 

3d)  licfl  mir  geftern  bie  £aare  fdjneibett.  I  had  my  hair  cut  yesterday. 

2)a3  £eer  {ft  ge^ntaufenb  Wlann  ftctrf.  The  army  is  ten  thousand  men  strong. 

3tt)et  £atf>  S3rob  unb  ttier  ®la$  2Beirt  Two  loaves  of  bread  and  four  glasses 

(17.9.).  of  wine. 

2>er  Sifd)  ift  jttct  ^up,  ad)t  3otI  Ijodj.  The  table  is  two  feet,  eight  inches  high- 

SBteberljohutg.  Recapitulation. 

Neun  und  dreissigste  Aufgabe. 

1.  Kommen  Sie  heute  Mittag  nach  Hause  1  2.  Nein,  ich 
muss  Pferde  kaufen,  und  kann  deshalb  nicht  vor  heute  Abend 
nach  Hause  kommen.  3.  Wollen  Sie  mir  etwas  Seide  geben  % 
4.  Ja,  und  hier  sind  auch  Nahnadeln.  5.  Guttenberg  war  der 
Erfinder  der  Buchdruckerkunst.  6.  Lesen  Sie  ein  Gedicht  von 
Gothe  1  7.  Nein,  ich  lese  die  "  Glocke  "  von  Schiller.  8.  Lesen 
Sie  gern  (13.  7.)  solche  Gedichtel  9.  Ja,  ich  lese  sehr  gern  die 
Gedichte  von  Schiller.  10.  Wo  haben  Sie  diese  Biicher  gekauftl 
11.  Ich  habe  sie  gar  (13.  2.)  nicht  gekauft ;  Onkel  Heinrich  hat 
sie  mir  geschenkt.  12.  Diese  Blumen  riechen  sehr  gut.  13. 
Haben  Sie  gern  Blumen  in  Ihrem  Schlafzimmer  %  i4.  Nein, 
denn  die  Ausdunstungen  der  Blumen  bei  Nacht  sind  sehr  schad- 
lich.  15.  Warum  schreiben  Sie  gar  nicht  an  Ihren  Bruder  ] 
16.  Ich  habe  noch  keine  Zeit  gehabt,  ihm  zu  schreiben.  17.  1st 
dieses  Kind  fleissig  1  18.  Ja,  dieses  Kind  ist  sehr  fleissig,  aber 
jenes  lernt  gar  Nichts,  weil  (15.  8.)  es  sehr  trage  ist.  19.  Der 
Lammergeier  gehort  zu  der  Klasse  der  Raubvogel.  20.  Luther 
lebte  vor  fast  vier  Jahrhunderten.  21.  Warten  (10.  2.)  Sie 
schon  lange  auf  rnich  1  22.  Nein,  ich  warte  erst  wenige  Minu- 
ten.  23.  Diese  Frau  schenkte  meiner  Schwester  cinen  Ball 
und  mir  auch.  24.  Sie  haben  mein  Buch  nicht,  nicht  wahr 
(13.  3.)]  25.  Nein,  ich  habe  es  nicht.  26.  Der  Honigsauger 
oder  Kolibri  lebt  von  kleinen  Insekten. 


100 


LESSON    19. 


Mtfon  19, 


Lesson  19. 


COMPOUND    NOUNS    AND    ADJECTIVES, 


Setfjuelc. 

2J?ein  fteitpferb  ifl  fofclfattarj. 
Der  ©tallfnedjt  tfl  gutmiit^tg. 
Die  tinblein  finb  mau3d)enfttfle. 
(Stetnfo£)(cn  finb  fdwcr. 
Die  ©dnnalbe  ijl  ein  3ng»ogel. 
Der  2Mf  ifl  ein  ftaubuncr. 
Der  fmnb  i)l  ein  £au£tfyier. 


Examples. 

My  saddle -horse  is  coal  black. 
The  hostler  is  good-natured. 
The  children  are  as  still  as  mice. 
Stone-coals  are  (coal  is)  heavy. 
The  swallow  is  a  bird  of  passage. 
The  wolf  is  a  beast  of  prey. 
The  dog  is  a  domestic  animal. 


SBorterbcrjetdjmfe. 

$er  SUtflcinbcr,  -$,  pi.  -  foreigner. 

Der  a3iid)erfd)ranf,  -3,  pi.  -fd)ranfe, 
book-case. 

Der  $eta$ttf<$,  -C$,  pi.  -friifcfye,  plume. 

Der  ®ummiirterfd)uf),  -e3,  pi.  -e,  rubber 
overshoe. 

Der  |>auptattsieliung$punft,  -e3,  pi.  -e, 
chief  point  of  attraction. 

Der  Seidienroctgen,  -3,  pi.  -  hearse. 

Der  <Sd)rei6tifd),  -e3,  pi.  -e,  writing- 
desk. 

Der  ttmfcfylag,  -e$,  pi.  -fd)lage,  cover 
(of  a  book).    . 

Der  SMbbaum,  -e3,  pi.  -Hume,  forest- 
tree. 

Der  3ucfcrat)orn,  -3,  pi.  -e,  sugar- 
maple. 

Sic  23liin)e,  -,  pi.  -it,  flower,  bloom. 

Die  ©emal'befammlung,  -,  pL  -en,  col- 
lection of  pictures. 

Die  ©efunb'fyeit,  -  health,  soundness. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  $o\tf^k,  -  pi.  -n,  charcoal\^(^£u4/ 

2)ie  £infidjt,  -  pi.  -en,  respect, 

Die  ilratle,  -,  pi.  -n,  claw. 

%a§  33riefpapier,  -3,  pi.  -e,  letter- 
paper. 

T)a$  9ftai6Iumd)en,  -3,  pi.  -,  may- 
flower. 

DaS  $acfpapier,  -,  pi.  -e,  wrapping- 
paper. 

DaS  9Bof)nJ)au$,  -e3,  pi.  -pufer,  dwell- 
ing-house. 

Srenncn,  to  burn,    re  =  ur.    p.  26. 

Dekalb',  therefore. 

©efrummt',  crooked,  hooked. 

®lodenfi)rmtg,  bell-shaped. 

Siegen,  to  lie.    g  =  — .    p.  27. 

Suftbidjt,  air-tight.    1)  =  t ;  d)  =  gh. 

©d)dblid),  injurious. 

2Bafferbid)t,  waterproof,  watertight. 

2Bunberfd)5n,  wonderfully  fine. 


'      SHeqtgfte  tofgaBc. 

1.  "Die  ^ratten  t>er  9tauBttjtere  ftnb  cjefritmmh  2,  £)er  Um* 
fcfylag  metne3  Sefebudje^  ifi  son  ftarfem  ^aefpapter.  3.  T>\t  33Iii* 
tfyen  t>e3  sD?atMiimd)en3  finb  gletfenformicj.   4.  2Gir  fyaben  @d)reib^, 


COMPOUND    NOUNS    AND    ADJECTIVES.  101 

53rief*  unb  $acfpapter  gefauft.  5.  Der  3"^ra^orn  ift  ein  2Batb* 
baum.  6,  3ft  ba£  2B6rterfmd)  in  bent  23itd)erfd)ranf  ?  7,  Stfein, 
bort  liegt  e3  auf  bcm  @d)reibtifd).  8.  liefer  SBlumengartcn  ift 
tr-unberfcfyon,  nid)t  ncifyt  (13.  3.)?  9.  Da3  $tnb  fpielt  unit  feinem 
£itnbd)en  unb  $a0d)en.  10.  £)er  Jtnabe  gifct  feinem  ©ruber  ein 
Sogeldjen.  11.  3Diefe  SSofynfyaufer  fmb  fefyr  grog,  12.  £ie 
geber&iifdje  an  bem  2eidjenn?agen  ftnb  fofylfdwarj.  13.  „  £)enn  " 
unb  „  efye "  ftnb  3>erMnbung3tt>5rter  (3.).  14.  „  gitr  "  unb  „  ttor  " 
ftnb  SSer()aUnign?5rter  (3.).  15.  2£tr  brennen  gercofyntid)  ©tein* 
fo()Ien  unb  and)  guweilen  ^ol^o()len.  16.  ©ummiitberfdntfye  ftnb 
n?ajferbid)t  unb  in  biefer  £tnftd)t  gut,  aBer  fte  ftnb  and)  luftbidjt  unb 
bes?f>alb  ber  ©efunbfyeit  fjfyab.iid).  17.  Die  ©emalbefammlung  in 
9ftitnd)en  ifi  ein  .^auptanjtefung^unft  fitr-2lu3lanber.  18.  SBenu 
id)  foldje  $ferbe  ^dttc  (16.  5.),  nritrbe  (16.  6.)  idj  fte  x>erfaufen. 

Exercise  41. 

1.  Your  writing-table  is  too  high.  2.  Writing-tables  are 
generally  too  low.  3.  We  have  a  sugar-maple  tree  between  our 
dwelling-house  and  our  flower-garden.  4.  Your  dictionary  is 
in  my  book-case.  5.  The  claws  and  beaks  of  birds  of  prey  are 
crooked  and  strong.  6.  My  reading-book  has  a  cover  of  wrap- 
ping-paper. 7.  Do  you  wish  writing-paper  or  letter-paper? 
8.  Yonder  lies  your  writing-book.  9.  The  word  "  for  "  is  some- 
times a  preposition,  sometimes  a  conjunction.  10.  "Before"  is 
a  preposition  and  also  an  adverb.  11.  Almost  every  city  in 
Germany  has  a  collection  of  paintings.  12.  Have  you  rubber 
overshoes]  13.  I  have  no  overshoes.  14.  My  neighbor  Mr. 
Knapp  is  an  excellent  bootmaker.  15.  These  mechanics  were, 
in  our  school-years,  our  school-mates.  16.  These  overcoats 
are  too  heavy.  17.  These  forest-trees  are  dark  green.  18. 
The  horse  of  the  bookbinder  is  coal  black.  19.  The  steam- 
ships are  new,  the  sail-ships  are  old.  20.  A  chief  point  of 
attraction  in  Munich  for  foreigners  is  the  great  collection  of 
pictures.  21.  Would  you  buy  coal  (coals),  if  you  had  (16.  5.) 
wood  enough  1 


102 


LESSON    19. 


©rammcitfrijeS, 


Grammatical 


1.  Diminutives  are  formed  by  suffixing  to  a  noun  the  sylla- 
ble i?jett  or  leitt.  (Provincial  forms  are  el,  U,  elicit.)  They 
usually  take  the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it,  and  are  of  the  neuter 
gender : 

£>er  glujj,     the  river  ;  ba3  fttitpctyen,    the  rivulet. 

2) A3  £amm,  the  lamb  ;  ba$  £ammcf)cn,  the  lambkin. 

2)er  Rnahe,  the  boy  ;  bad  ftnabkin,   the  little  boy. 

djcit  often  indicates  affection  or  familiarity : 


Steal,     Charles  ; 
Sautter,  mother  : 


$arld)en,      Charley. 
2tt  utter  d)en,  dear  mother. 


2.    9Jiamtrf)Clt  and  SSetbdjett  are  used  to  indicate  the  gender 
of  animals  for  which  there  is  but  a  single  noun  : 

XXtf  SBetbdjen  »om  Slbler.  The  female  eagle. 

£>ct3  SRctnncfyett  son  ber  $oretfe.    The  male  trout. 


3.    Words 

are  much  more  extensively  compounded 

I  in  Ger- 

man  than  in  English. 

Compound 

words  are  formed  by  a  union  of 

1.    nouns  w 

ith  nouns : 

£er  ©ottmeifltr, 

architect  ; 

ber  SBau, 

building : 

;  tocrSRetffer 

,  master. 

2)er  3)ampf  feffel, 

boiler  ; 

ber  £>ampf, 

steam  ; 

ber  Iteffel, 

kettle. 

£>er  Sljemamt, 

husband  ; 

bie  (£fje, 

matrimo- 

ber  SDxcmn, 

man. 

2>er  |>auptfefyler, 

chief  fault  ; 

ba$  |>aupt, 

chief;[ny: 

;  ber  8fe$cr, 

fault. 

<Der  £elbenteb, 

heroic  death 

;  ber  #elb, 

hero  ; 

ber  Sob, 

death. 

£er  £afd>enbiefc, 

pickpocket ; 

bie  Safcfye, 

pocket  ; 

ber  £iefc, 

thief. 

Sic  Sauhmff, 

architecture 

;  ber  ©ait, 

building  ; 

hit  flunjl, 

art. 

Die  SMeMfpradje, 

cant ; 

ber  Diet, 

thief;  [ny ; 

bie  Spracfye, 

,  language. 

2)ie  (£()efrau, 

wife  ; 

bie  (Stye, 

matrimo- 

bie  $rau, 

woman. 

£>ie  ftlugelt&ur. 

folding-door : 

;  ber  ftlugel, 

wing  ; 

bk  Sfyiire, 

door. 

5Dt£  CrbmmgSltefcc 

'.,  love  of  order : 

;  bieDrbnung 

,  order  ; 

bie  Stefce, 

love. 

Sag  @#ul$<ra3, 

schoolhouse  : 

;  bie  <Sd)ule, 

school ; 

fca§  ftatft, 

house. 

2)a$  ^aupttoort, 

noun ; 

ba£  £aupt, 

head  ; 

ba$  2Bort, 

word. 

£a$  SBcr6mbuii9«= 

*  conjunction ; 

bie  ©erbta' 

conjunc- 

ba$ SBort, 

word. 

ttwrt, 

bung, 

tion  ; 

£a$  3fcr$atatij}« 

preposition ; 

ba$  ttor§filt» 

■■  relation  ; 

bat  2Bort, 

word. 

tooxt, 

nip, 

COMPOUND    NOUNS    AND    ADJECTIVES. 


103 


2.    nouns  with  adjectives 


£cr  gretbenfer, 
£)cr  gro&futn, 
2)er  ©ro&sater, 
£>;r  9?eumonb, 
£cr  Scbbngeifl, 
£ie  ©rojjmutter, 
2£>k  ©uttfjat, 
SDie  Sungfrau, 
Tie  £angrc£tfe, 
2)ie  3Re$rjtt$l, 
®a3  Sbelfrduletn, 
2)ag  greigut, 
Dag  gault&ter, 
La$  9tot)eifen, 
Dag  Spotty  fdjtodngdjen, 


freethinker ; 
cheerfulness ; 
grandfather  ; 
new  moon  ; 
bel  esprit  ; 
grandmother; 
benefit ; 
virgin  ; 
tediousness  ; 
plural  ; 
noblewoman  ; 
freehold  ; 
sloth  ; 
pig-iron  ; 
red-start ; 


fret,    free  ; 
feoff,  glad  ; 
gro§,  great ; 
neu,  new  ; 
f*on,  beautiful 
grofj,  great ; 
gut,    good  ; 
jung,  young  ; 
lang,  long ; 
meljr,  more ; 
ebel,  noble  ; 
fret,    free ; 
faul,  lazy; 
rolj,    rough  ; 
rotfy,  red  ; 


oer  Denfer, 
ber  ©inn, 
ber  SBctter, 
ber  2tfonb, 
ber  ©etfr, 
tltc  Gutter, 
tie  Xfyat, 
bte  grau, 
bte  2Betle, 
bte  3af)I, 
tJttS  ftrdulem, 
bag  ©ut, 
bag  £ljter, 
bag  (Etfen, 
bag  <3d)iMngd)en, 


thinker. 

sense. 

father. 

moon. 

spirit. 

mother. 

deed. 

woman. 

while. 

number. 

lady. 

property. 

animal. 

iron. 

little  tail. 


3.    nouns  with  numerals  : 


Der  Dretflang, 
£>er  Dretjacf, 
£)er  Stnftebter, 
2)er  3rr*eifatter, 
$ie  Dreteimgfetr, 
Xte  Gtnobe, 
Dtc  (Stngu^t, 
Xa§  ©inborn, 
Dag  3ef>nccf, 
Dag  3tt>etgefaann, 
Dag  3rcetgefprad), 


triad  ; 
trident ; 
hermit  ; 
butterfly  ; 
trinity  ; 
desert  ; 
singular  ; 
unicorn  ; 
decagon  ; 
double-team  ; 
dialogue ; 


bret,   three ; 
bret,  three ; 
ctn,    one ; 
gftet,  two ; 
bret,  three  ; 
etn,    one ; 
em,    one ; 
ctn,    one ; 
ge^n,  ten; 
greet,  two; 
gtoet,  two; 


tier  Mang, 
ber  3acf, 
ber  (Stebler, 
ber  gaiter, 
bte  (Etntgfett, 
bte  Debe, 
bte  341, 
fea$  £orn, 
bag  <g<f, 
bag  ©efpann', 
oai  ©efprdd/, 


sound. 

dentel. 

settler. 

butterfly 

unity. 

desert. 

number. 

horn. 

corner. 

team. 

conversation. 


4.    nouns  with  verbs  : 

$Cr  Drefd)flegef,  flail ;  brefd)en,  to  thrash;  oer  gteget, 

Der  gabjtteg,        carriage-way  ;  fafjren,    to  drive  ;  ber  SBeg, 

Dcv  Stngttogel,      singing-bird  ;  ftngen,    to  sing ;  ber  23oget, 

Die  £dngebrucfe,  suspension-bridge;  fjdngen,  to  hang ;  fote  Sriicfe, 

Die  ^dbmafcfytne,  sewing-machine  ;  nftfjen,    to  sew  ;  bte  5)?afd)t'ne 

Die  ©d)ie{iii6ung,  target-practice  ;  fdjtefjen,  to  shoot ;  bte  itebung, 

Die  2Barmeflafd)e,  warming-bottle  ;  ttctrmen,  to  warm  ;  bte  glafdje, 

2)ag  2efebu&,       reading-book ;  lefen,      to  read ;  M  S3ud), 

Dag  <3d)reibpapter,  writing-paper  ;  fcbretbett,to  write  ;  bag  papier', 

Dag  £rinfgcfdf5,    drinking- vessel  ;  trinfen,   to  drink ;  bag  ©efdfe', 

Dag  SBafcfyttaffer,  water  for  washing;  ttafeben,  to  wash  ;  bag  2Bafier, 


flail. 

way. 

bird. 

bridge. 

,engine. 

exercise. 

bottle. 

book. 

paper. 

vessel. 

water. 


104 


LESSON    19. 


5.    nouns  with  adverbs : 

®er  $ortfd)Htr,  progress ; 
Der  (gtnbrud),     breaking  in  ; 


Der  £mgang, 
Der  |>erauage= 

ber, 
Der  £erauafor= 

bcrer, 
$te  £tnjtd)t, 

Die  $ernftd)t, 
Die  gortbauer, 
Die  £eimreifc, 
Die  £erteihmg, 
$a£  gbenbtlb, 
Daa  Sbenmaap, 
Daa  gmtvofyr, 
Daa  grubftudf, 
Daa  £etmroe$, 


going  out ; 
publisher  ; 

challenger ; 

intelligence ; 

prospect ; 
continuation  ; 
return  ; 
derivation  ; 
image ; 
symmetry  ; 
telescope  ; 
breakfast ; 
homesickness : 


fort, 
cm  (bin* 

em), 
*)m, 
tyeraua', 

f)eraua, 

em  (#jt* 

ein), 
fern, 
fort, 
Ijetm, 
|ar, 
eben, 
eben, 
fern, 

m, 

fjeim, 


forth ; 
in 

(thither) ; 
thither ; 
out 

(hither) ; 
out 

(hither) ; 
in 

(thither)  ; 
far ; 
forth  ; 
home  ; 
hither ; 
exact ; 
equal  ; 
far ; 
early  ; 
home  ; 


feer@d)ritt,   step, 
ber  23rud),      breaking. 


ber  ©ang, 
ber  ©eber, 


gait, 
giver. 


ber  gorbercr,  demander. 
tlte  Std)t,       view. 


bie  <5id)t, 
bie  Dauer, 
bte  9tetfe, 
bie  Setrung, 
fcaS  5Bilb, 
baa  9ftaaJ3, 
baa  dialjx, 
baa  ©tfttf, 
baa  2Bef>, 


view. 

duration. 

voyage. 

leading. 

picture. 

measure. 

pipe. 

piece. 

sickness. 


6.    nouns  with  prepositions  : 


$er  luabau, 

Der  Slnflanb, 
Der  Durdjgang, 
Der  ftadjfolger, 
Der  3Btberrottle, 
Der  Bufianb, 
2>ic  2luan>a^l, 
Die  3foflage, 
"Die  |>intert()ure, 
Die  8&tf$ulerfa£ 
Die  Umftdrt, 
Die  33orftd>t, 
$tt3  5(ngefid)t, 
Daa  Seiroort, 
Daa  $itrroorr, 
Daa  ©egengtft, 
Daa  -£bbad>, 
^a^  3nn'f*cnfinef; 


finishing   of  a 

building ; 
propriety  ; 
passage  ; 
successor ; 
aversion  ; 
condition  ; 
election  ; 
edition  ; 
back  door  ; 
school-mate  ; 
looking  about ; 
foresight ; 
face  ; 

adjective  ; 
pronoun  ; 
counter-poison  ; 
shelter  ; 
interlude  ; 


aua,     out 


ber  San,       building. 


an, 

burd), 
nad), 
rotbcr, 

W, 

aua, 

auf, 

Winter, 

ntit, 

urn, 

»or, 

an, 

bet, 

fitr, 

gegen, 

ob,  [en, 

gttufd^ 


on  ; 

through  ; 
after  ; 
against ; 
at; 
out ; 

in;  upon; 
behind ; 
with  ; 
about ; 
before  ; 
on  ; 
by; 
for; 

against ; 
over  ; 
within  ; 


ber  (Stanb, 
ber  ©ang, 
ber  $o(ger, 
ber  Me, 
ber  ©tanb, 
bte  Waty, 
bte  Sage, 
bte  £f)itre, 
bte  ©d)u(crin, 
bte  <3td)t, 
bie  <Std)t, 
bag  ©cftd)t', 
baa  SSort, 
baa  tBort, 
baa  ©tffc, 
baa  1)ad\ 
baa  ©ptel, 


state. 

way. 

follower. 

will. 

state. 

choice. 

layer. 

door. 

scholar. 

view. 

sight. 

sight. 

word. 

word. 

poison. 

roof. 

play. 


COMPOUND    NOUNS   AND    ADJECTIVES.  105 

4.  The  formation  of  compound  adjectives  is  analogous  to 
that  of  nouns : 

1 .  adjectives  with  nouns  : 

Saumjiarf,        very  strong ;      ber  23aum,  tree  ;      ftarf,  strong. 
SWenfdjenfdjeu,  bashful ;  ber  Sftenfdj,  man  ;     fdjeu,  timid. 

2.  adjectives  with  adjectives  : 

^retimmg,      liberal ;  fret,    free ;        ftnrrig,     sensible, 

©ropmiitfug,  magnanimous  ;      grof},  great ;      nutu)tg,  spirited. 

3.  adjectives  with  numerals  : 

(Einfylfctg,     monosyllabic ;         em,     one ;        (fyHng). 
Broeibeuttg,   ambiguous ;  $Wei,  two ;        (beutig)* 

4.  adjectives  with  verbs  : 

£)enffaui,    intellectually  indolent ;    benfen,  to  think  ;    few!,    idle. 
©tngutjltg,  fond  of  singing ;    •  ftngen,  to  sing ;       lufttQ,  glad. 

5.  adjectives  with  adverbs  : 

3mmer£rim,  evergreen  ;    tmmer,  always ;    grim,  green. 
Slblettbar,      derivable;     ah,        away;       (lettfcar). 

6.  adjectives  with  prepositions  : 

-^intcrltfttg,  deceitful ;  fjinter,  behind  ;      IifKg,   crafty. 

33ortt>ij}ig,    over-etrrimis ;       vor,      before ;        roijMg,  witty. 

5.  The  1st  component  of  compound  words  has  the  primary 
accent.  In  compound  nouns  the  last  word  determines  the 
gender : 

$cr  23tumengarteit,  the  flower-garden. 

$ie  ©artenblume,  the  garden-flower. 

6.  The  following  example  is  cited  by  Becker,  as  illustrating 
the  enormous  extent  to  which  the  practice  has  been  pushed,  of 
forming  long  compounds  : 

®taat$fd)utbentttpng3faffenbu$t)alter.  State-debt-extinction-fund-book-keeper. 


106 


LESSON    20. 


Mtkn  20« 


Lesson  20. 


DECLENSION    OF   ADJECTIVES. 


Seifjitelc. 

©ute$  9>apter  ift  fejr,  afccr  fefieG  9)apter 

tfl  ntc^t  tmmer  gut. 
Die  SBefte  ijl  son  feiner  <Seibe. 
Die  fhmtpfe  2irt  n>irb  ber  serfian'bige 

^oljfjauer  fd)Ieifen. 
Die  $arkn  be$  neuen  £eppid>e3  ftnb 

fd>on. 
Unfcr  neuer  3Bagen  ift  em  gu  fdjrcereS 

$uf>rtt>erf  fur  ein  fo  fleineS  spferb. 
<£r  Ijat  feine  lefcte  Slufgafre  mit  einer 

alien  $eber  gefd)rieben. 
3d)  fyabe  meine  beiben  Stufgakn  gejlem 

Slbenb  gefd)rieben. 

SSbrterDfrjct^nt^. 

$tr  gall,  -e«,  pi.  Salle,  case  ;  fall. 

Der  ©tacebanbfdntb,,-^,  pl.-e,  kid  glove. 

Der  <Sammcl,  -4,  velvet. 

Der  ©altet,  -$,  pi.  ©dtfel,  saddle. 

Der  £epptd),  -$,  pi.  -e,  carpet. 

Der  SBertfy,  -e£,  value,  worth. 

Der  SBunfd),  — ed,  pi.  SBunftye,  desire. 

$te  DeHination',  -  pi.  -en,  declension. 

Die  gimgfeit,  -,  unity,  harmony. 

Die  ©tnjafyl,  -  the  singular. 

Die  gnbung,  -  pi.  -en,  ending.    u  =  i. 

Die  go$ne,  -,  pi.  -n,  Hag. 

Die  Setft&i&liot&ef,  -,  pi.- en,  circulating 
library. 

Die  Wtdma%  -,  plural  (3aljT,  tale). 

Die  <2latt,  -,  place  ;  stead,    a  =  ea. 

Die  Bitro'ne,  -,  pi.  -n,  lemon. 

$ttg  SCbjcftttt,  -3,  pi.  -e,  adjective. 

Da3  Silberbud),-e$,pl.  -biidjcr,  picture- 
book. 


Examples. 

Good  paper  is  firm,  but  firm  paper 

is  not  always  good. 
The  vest  is  of  fine  silk. 
The  judicious  woodman  will  grind 

the  dull  axe. 
The  colors  of  the  new  carpet  are 

beautiful. 
Our  new  carriage  is   too   heavy  a 

vehicle  for  so  small  a  horse. 
He  wrote  his  last  exercise  with  an 

old  pen. 
I  wrote  both  my  exercises  last  night 

(yesterday  evening). 

Vocabulary. 

Dag  fltetb,  -e£,  pi.  -er,  dress. 

Slnne^men,  to  take. 

STuSgencmmen,  except. 

Der-,  bte-,  baffel'be,  the  same. 

fteft,  firm  (fast,    c  =  a). 

©ered)!',  righteous,  just,    tfj  =  gh. 

9tttfd)en,  to  mix. 

<Sdd)ltd),  neuter. 

<3auerlid),  sourish,    ait  =  oil. 

Sdjajjen,  to  estimate. 

<2>d)enfen,  to  present ;  to  give. 

©efjnltd),  longing,  anxious. 

©tfiljlern,  steel  (made  of).    22.  6. 

Skrfnup'fen,  to  connect. 

Skrldug'nen,  to  deny. 

SBetbltd),  feminine  (wifely,     fi  =  f). 

SBeid),  soft  (weak,    ei  =  ea ;  dj  =  k). 

2Bet^,  white,    ct  =  i ;  fj  =  t. 

SBeltburgerltd),  cosmopolitan. 

SBofylgefinnt,  well-intentioned. 


DECLENSION    OF    ADJECTIVES.  107 

3toct  unb  btcrjtgftc  tofgafic. 

1.  (£d)reiben  @ic  mit  rotter  ober  mit  fdjtuargcr  Jmte  ?  2.  3$ 
fd>reibe  roeber  mit  rotfyer,  nod)  mit  fd)roar$cr,  fonbern  mtt  blauer. 
3.  Der  Sattet  ift  tton  btdem,  ftetfen  (6.)  gefcer.  4.  giil)le  tmmer 
beinen  eigenen  SSertf),  unb  fd)a£e  gerecfyt  ben  SBertl)  anberer 
5£enfd)en.  5.  Slbjcftise  ber  alten  Deflinatton  fyaben  biefclben 
Gnbungen,  rote  btefcr,  jc.,  ausgenommen,  bag  (15.  8.)  bcr  ©enititt 
ber  fiinjaf)!  gcrootmlid)  bie  neuc  gorm  en,  auftatt  ber  alten  (13. 10.) 
e£  anmmmt.  6.  Sfaje&foe  ber  nencn  Deflination  enbigen  im  9to= 
minatio  nnb  bet  bent  roeiblicfyen  nnb  fad)ltcben  @3efd)led)t  tm  5lccu* 
farb  ber  (Etttjabt  in  c ;  in  alien  anberen  fallen  ift  bie  Snbttng  n. 
7.  ^bjeftiye  ber  gemifd)ten  Deflination  enbigen  im  -ftominatto  unl) 
Slccufatto  ber  (Sin$al)l,  roie  21bjefti»e  ber  alten;  im  ©emtitt  nnb 
Darb,  nnc  flbjeftfoe  ber  nencn.  8.  Die  (Subungen  ber  Slbjefttoe 
in  ber  9)(el)r$al)l  ftnb :  3"  ber  alten  Deflinarion  im  9?ominatitt 
nnb  Slccufatio  c ;  im  ©enitiu  cr  nnb  im  Datiu  en ;  in  ber  neuen 
nnb  gemifdjten  Det'liuation  in  alien  fallen  en.  9.  3d)  gefyc  nad) 
ber  2eibbioltotl)ef,  urn  (10.  7.)  mir  ben  groeiten  23anb  fcon  denser* 
Q3efd)id)te  ber  bentfd)en  Sttcratur  jn  fyolen.  10.  Der  nene  Xty* 
pid)  gcfallt  (13.  8.)  mir  nid)t.  11.  Diefer  rctl)e  Styfel  ift  gut, 
aber  Jener  gelbe  ift  nod)  (art  12.  $>iefe$  frafylerne  9fteffer  ift 
fd)arf,  jeneS  ift  ftumpf.  13.  Der  ©d)erenfd)leifer  nurb  baa  ftumpfe 
Sfteffer  fd)lcifen.  14.  3d)  l)a6e  bie  rotlje,  bie  roeifje  nnb  bie  Mane 
©eibe  |it  ber  gafync  gefauft.  15.  <5d)reiben  <Sie  mit  bent  nenen 
53leiftift,  ober  mit  ber  alten  gebcr  §  16.  3d)  fdjreibc  mit  bcr 
nenen  ^cbcr.  17.  gur  wen  faufen  Sie  biefe  neuen  33ilberbitd)er  ? 
18.  3d)  faufe  fie  fur  Jem  ffcincn  ^inber  mctneS  guten  SftadVbarS, 
bco  #crrn  $ckd.  19.  (Sin  lieber,  alter  greunb  fyat  mir  em  fd)6ne£ 
beutfd)c3  33ud)  gefd)enft.  20.  9fleine  neuen  <$lacet)anbfd)ul)e  ftnb 
nid)t  gut.  21.  ©eben  @ie  mir  graue  <2cibe  gu  einem  neuen  ^lleibe. 
22.  Die  3ttrone  t)at  cincn  fauerlid)cn  ©cfdjmacf  unb  einen  ange* 
neluncn  ©erud).  23.  (Bold)  (5.)  feiner  (Samrnct  unb  fold)  fcineS 
1ud)  ftnb  foftbar.  24.  Diefe  betben  (11.)  gebern  ftnb  3U  fteid). 
25.  Das  ®efcbaft  mcincr  beifcen  Sritbcr  ift  in  DrcSben.  26.  2llle 
benfenben  $opf*  »erfnitpft  jefct  ein  roeltburgerlid)e3  23anb.     27. 


108  LESSON    20. 

(Sinigfeit  tiortrefflidjer  banner  ift  toofofgeftnntcr  $rauen  fefynlicfycr -V— 
SGunfd).     28.  Der  Umfdjtag  biefeS  23ncfye3  ift  von  altem,  Maucn 
(6.)  ftopier.      29.    gin  gnt  (7.)  SBort  finDet   eine  gute  ©ta  tt. 
©priidjwort.     30.  Sr  oefommt  ®elt>  oon  feinem  $ater,  aber  er  ijat 
letn  eignes  (13*  11. ). 

Exercise  43. 

1.  We  ure  now  having  very  warm,  but  not  very  pleasant 
weather.  2.  The  miller  buys  good,  heavy  wheat,  and  sells 
good  flour.  3.  I  am  writing  with  red  ink  ;  he  is  writing  with 
blue.  4.  The  merchant  buys  fine  velvet,  fine  silk,  and  fine 
cloth.  5.  Hard  steel  is  not  always  good,  but  good  steel  is 
always  hard.  6.  He  has  made  the  painter  a  vest  of  fine  velvet. 
7.  I  would  (16.  6.)  like  (13.  7.)  to  buy  blue  cloth,  but  not 
black.  8.  Are  you  writing  this  long  letter  with  the  old  pencil  ] 
9.  No,  I  am  writing  it  (2.  2.)  with  the  new  pen.  10.  I  have 
the  second  volume  of  Menzel's  History  of  German  Literature. 
11.  Is  this  red  apple  ripe1?  12.  This  ripe  apple  is  not  red;  it 
(2.  2.)  is  yellow.  13.  This  new  carpet  pleases  me  ;  how  do  you 
like  (13.  8.)  it  1  14.  I  do  not  like  it  at  all.  15.  These  new 
picture-books  are  for  the  little  girls.  16.  That  good  child  is 
helping  (7.  6.)  the  poor  old  man.  17.  A  young  man  is  some- 
times an  old  friend.  18.  Our  old  friend  is  a  young  painter. 
19.  A  school-mate  of  ours  (12.  7.)  has  a  new  pencil,  a  new  pen, 
and  a  new  knife.  20.  My  white  letter-paper  is  better  than  my 
blue.  21.  Our  blue  velvet  is  fine,  but  our  black  is  not  good. 
22.  We  have  no  yellow  silk  and  no  good  cloth.  23.  Is  your 
new  neighbor  an  old  man  %  24.  He  is  neither  a  very  old,  nor  a 
very  young  one  (13.  10.).  25.  It  wTas  too  heavy  (11.)  a 
carriage  for  so  small  a  horse.  26.  My  young  brother  has  a 
horse  of  his  own  (13.  11.).  27.  My  new  kid  gloves  are  too 
large.  28.  Your  blue  velvet  and  your  black  silk  are  not  as 
good  as  your  red  cloth.  29.  Who  gave  (11.  4.  and  6.)  you 
these  beautiful  books  1  30.  My  good  friend,  Mr.  Ehrhard,  gave 
them  to  me. 


DECLENSION    OP    ADJECTIVES. 


109 


©ramittttttfdje& 


Grammatical. 


1.   Adjectives  in  a  predicative  or  adverbial  use  (1.  3.)  are 
undeclined : 


(Er  macfyte  metne  ©ttefel  gu  fletn. 
@ic  bacften  tfyr  ©rob  ju  braun. 
2)er  ©djmetterling  fliegt  langfam. 


He  made  my  boots  too  small. 
They  baked  their  bread  too  brown. 
The  butterfly  flies  slowly. 


2.  Adjectives,  when  placed  before  nouns  (3.  1.)  to  in- 
dicate a  quality  or  attribute,  are  said  to  be  used  attribu- 
tively, and  have  then  three  forms  of  Declension,  called  the 
Old,  the  New,  and  the  Mixed.  When  not  preceded  by  a 
modifying  word  (1.  2. ;  2.  1.),  they  are  of  the  Old  Declension ; 
preceded  by  a  gender-ending  word  (1.  2.),  of  the  New  Declension ; 
and  preceded  by  em,  nteitt,  &c.  (2.  1.),  of  the  Mixed  Declension. 


Masculine. 

Good  man. 
N.  gutter  Wlatm. 
G.  gut-ed  (en)  SWannea. 
D.  gut«cm  Sftamte. 
A.  gut*cn  3Jtonn. 


The  good  dog. 
N  bcr  gur»e    |>unb. 
0.  bc3  gul»etl  £unbea. 
D  bem  gut*cn  <£>unbe. 
A.  ben  gut-en  |>unb. 


Singular. 

Feminine.  Neuter. 

Old  Declension. 


Good  woman. 

gut-C  %x<xu. 

gut*er  ^rau. 

gut»er  $rau. 

gut'C  $rau. 


G^oo^  child. 

gut*cg  $tnb. 
gut*ea  (en)  fltnbeS. 
gut-em  Jltnbe. 
gut*eS  5imb* 


New  Declension. 


The  good  coio. 

bie  gut-e    Stuf). 
ber  gut-en  £ufj. 

bcr  gut-en  .ftuf). 
bie  gut-e    iutfy. 


baa  gut-e    Samm. 
bea  gut-en  Sammea. 
bem  gut-en  Samme. 
baa  gut-e    Samm. 


Mixed  Declension. 

My  good  book. 
mem     gut«*$  33ud). 


My  good  hat.  My  good  pen. 

N.  mete    gut»er  $uL    metne  gut-e  ftebcr. 
£.  metnea  gut«cn  6utc3.!mcinera,u:*en$cbcr.  mcinea  gut-en  23ucr/ea. 
D.  mctnem  gut-en  $ute.  :  meincr  gut-en  Qfeber.  meincm  gut-en  33ud)e 
A.  meinen  gut-en  £»t.    I  meine  gut-e   geber.  mein     gut-eS  23ud) 


Plural. 
All  Genders. 

Good. 
gut-e. 

gut-cr. 
gut-en. 
gm-e. 

The  good. 

bie  gut-en. 
ber  gu!-ett. 
betigut-en. 
bie  gut-en. 


My  good. 
metne  gut-en. 
metner  gut-en. 
metnen  gut-en. 
metne  gut-en. 


110  LESSON    20. 

3.  Adjectives  after  the  plurals  of  after,  etrtiger,  ettidjer,  matt= 
cfyer,  folder,  writer,  and  fein  (1.  2.;  2.  1.),  and  also  after  anbere, 
etiijehie,  mefyre  (or  mefyrere),  Stele,  and  wenta,e,  usually  follow  the 
Old  Declension  in  the  nominative  and  accusative,  and  sometimes 
in  the  genitive  : 

Norn.  9We  gute  (or  guten)  fWenfdjcn.  All  good  men. 

Gen.  Slflcr  guten  (or  guter)  2flenfd)cn.  Of  all  good  men. 

Norn,  Slnbere  gute  (or  guten)  greunbe.  Other  good  friends. 

Gen.  Sfnberer  guten  (or  guter)  $reunbe.  Of  other  good  friends. 

4.  Exceptionally  the  adjective  is  found  in  the  Old  form  after 
afier,  eintijer,  etlid)er,  mandVr,  fold)er,  and  wtlfytx,  and  in  the 
New  form  after  dicier,  wcntgcr,  anfcerer,  and  some  perfect  par- 
ticiples not  preceded  by  a  modifying  word  : 

SWancfyer  armcr  (arme)  SBtotm.  Many  a  poor  man. 

golgenbcr  furje  (furjer)  &ttfTa$.         The  following  short  essay. 

5.  The  adjective,  when  preceded  by  the  abbreviated  form 
tUtlttd),  fold),  UJCld),  assumes  the  usual  gender-endings  of  those 
words  : 

SKand)  gutter  SWann ;  instead  of    ) 

W<m$*tt  gut^-e  Warm.  \  Man^  a  Sood  man- 

<£ofd)  grob^eS  £ud) ;  instead  of 


,  Such  coarse  cloth. 
Sol<$*e«  grot^e  £ud). 

SBeld)  f$5n*e$  Setter;  instead  of  )  „„       ,,.,/, 

an.  u    a  m         on  «    i  >  what  (which)  beautiful  weather. 

SBcldnS  |d)on^e  2Better  !  ) 

6.  Where  several  adjectives  in  the  dative  qualify  the  same 
noun,  all  but  the  first  often  take,  for  euphony's  sake,  U  instead 
of  m  : 

23on  fd)onettt,  gefunbett,  frafttgett  S3au.        Of  beautiful,  healthy,  strong  build. 
Sflit  flarettt,  retnen,  fatten  Suffer.    '  With  clear,  pure,  cold  water. 

7.  Adjectives,  though  used  attributively,  are  sometimes  not 
inflected,  and  never,  when  following  the  noun  and  not  preceded 
by  the  article  : 

Silan  SRotanb.    S3aar  ©elb.  Little  Roland.     Ready  money. 

S3iel  3Renf$ett,    ft'alt  Saffer.  Many  men.     Cold  water, 

©in  od)to£,  fo  Ijod)  unb  Ijefyr.  A  castle  so  high  and  sublime. 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES. 


Ill 


8.  (&in,  used  with  folcfyer,  precedes  it  ;  when  used  with  fold) 
(abbreviated  torm),  ctlt  follows  it  : 

Sin  foldjer  Wlam,  or  fold)  ein  ?D?ann.        Such  a  man. 

9.  When  foldjcr  is  preceded  by  cm,  an  adjective  following  it 
is  of  the  Mixed  Declension  : 

(Sin  foldjer  alter  SBein.        Such  an  old  wine. 

10.  dttt  preceding  jebtr  does  not  admit  of  translation  : 

©erooijne  bid)  cine  jebe  <St)loe  eitteS  ieben     Accustom  yourself  to  pronounce  every 
8Jortc3  beutlid)  aufyufprecfyen.  syllable  of  every  word  distinctly. 

11.  An  article  or  a  pronoun,  used  with  Bctbc,  jjafli,  ffl,  and 

$U,  precedes  them  : 

£iefreiben33iid)er.  Sfteine  kiben  23ud)cr.  Both  the  books.  Both  my  books. 
(Sine  fyalbe  Stunbe.  Sine  ju  fd)tt>ere  Cafr.  Half  an  hour.  Too  heavy  a  load. 
Sin  fo  fleiner  2Bagen.  So  .small  a  carriage. 


Mtion  21. 


Lesson  21. 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES. 


©eifjuefe. 

£aS  fattefte  SSetter  fommt  genw&nlicty 

fpatcr,  at$  ber  fiirjefte  £ag. 
Die  gvDptcn  (Stable  finb  nid)t  bie  an* 

a,ene(nnften  2Sot)norte. 
Die  foftbarften  2Baaren  finb  nid)t  immcr 

bie  tfjeuerften. 
3e  i>cvbcrMtd)cr  bie  SBaffcn,  befto  fitrjer 

bie  .firiea,e. 
gfl  roirb  rr>oI)t  nod)  I)eute  reanen. 
Urn  fc  (or  befto)  oeffer  fur  un$. 
ftriebrid)  ber  @ro§e  fdjicfte  ©eora,  SSaflj* 

inaton  ein  ©cfyrocrt  mit  ber  folgenben 

3nf*vift:  3?om  alteften  (General  in  ber 

SBelt  bent  grij&ten. 


Examples. 

The  coldest  weather  generally  comes 
later  than  the  shortest  day. 

The  largest  cities  are  not  the  most 
agreeable  places  of  residence. 

The  most  expensive  goods  are  not 
always  the  dearest. 

The  more  destructive  the  weapons, 
the  shorter  the  wars. 

It  will  probably  rain  yet  to-day. 

So  much  the  better  for  us. 

Frederick  the  Great  sent  George 
"Washington  a  sword  with  the 
following  inscription  :  From  the 
oldest  general  in  the  world  to 
the  greatest. 


(   '  ,L 


/     / 


112 


<Xs 


LESSON    21. 


SBorterDerjeidjnife. 

%tX  Slldiemtfr',  -en,  pi.  -en,  alchemist. 

Der  gelbfyerr,  -n,  pi.  -n,  commander- 
in-chief. 

Der  glu§,  -e3,  pi.  glitffe,  river. 

Der  $riil)ling,  -3,  pi.  -c,  spring. 

Der  £errfd)cr,  -3,  pi.  -,  rnler. 

Der  -pumicr,  -  hunger. 

Der  $od),  -e3,  pi.  £brte,  cook.   dj=k. 

Der  Sdmce, -3, snow.  fc^  =  s;  CC  =  OW. 

StC  ©aufunft,  -,  architecture. 

Die  Domfird)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  cathedral. 

Die  (£cfe,  -  pi.  -n,  corner  ;  edge. 

Die  3at)vc3jctr,  -  pi.  -en,  season. 

Die  itettenbrutfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  chain-bridge. 

Die  $rteg$flagge,  -,  pi.  -n,  war-flag. 

Die  SJcctrt'nc,  -,  pi.  -n,  navy. 

Die  Sttirte,  -  middle. 

Die  s3)orjelIan'fabrif,  -,  pl.-cn,  porcelain- 
factory. 

Die  2Bind)briicfe,  -,  Winch-bridge. 

2)ttS  ©auroerf,  -3,  pi.  -e,  building. 


Vocabulary. 

DaS  $5nt<n-eid),  -e<?,  pi.  -e,  kingdom. 

DaS  $reug,  -ed,  pi.  -e,  cross. 

DaS  SDcetftcrftucf',  -$,  pl.-e,  master-piece. 

DaS  Sflerati',  -3,  pi.  -e,  metal. 

DaS  ©pritcfyroort,  -3,  pi. -sorter,  proverb. 

3lboI^,  -4,  Adolphus. 

Slltbeutfd),  ancient  German. 

23eru()mt',  celebrated. 

(Eitel,  conceited,  vain  (idle,    t  =  d). 

Stfern,  iron,    ci  =  i ;  f  =  r. 

® eltebt', beloved.  6^v;t  =  d;iC-0. 

©cfd)icft',  skilful. 

©ritnben,  to  found  ;  ground.   ii  =  OU. 

©uftas,  -3,  Gustavus. 

Dbere,  upper. 

$reu§ifd),  Prussian. 

<3ctd)fen,  -3,  Saxony. 

<Scb>eben,  -3,  Sweden,    fdj  =  s. 

Sapfer,  brave  (dapper,  t=d;  Jlf =pp). 

2Bid)tig,  important,  weighty,    dfj  —  gb.. 

Sien,  -3,  Vienna. 


fSitv  mtb  irierjigfie  $ufgak. 

1.  Berlin'  if*  je£t  groger,  <iU  2Bten.  2.  Berlin  ift  Je£t  etne 
grijgere  <Btabt,  al3  SBieru  3.  23erlin  ift  bie  grogte  Stabt  in 
£>entfd)lanb.  4.  £)te  erfte  ^orgetlanfabrtl  in  (Suro'pa  griinbete  ber 
2Ud>emift  336ttger  in  9J?ei£en  im  -ilomgreid)  (17.  9.)  <2ad)fen. 
5.  9fteigen  ift  eine  ber  alteften  @tdbte  ©adjfens.  6.  £>a3  beriH)m* 
tefte  23aun?erf  in  9ftetfjen  ift  bie  £>omftrd)e,  etn  9fteifterftucf  alt* 
beutfd)er  53auhmft.  7.  Die  altefte  ^ettenbriicfe  ift  tie  2Bind)- 
britcfe  in  (Snglanb.  8,  £nnger  ift  ber  befte  ^od).  @prnd)mort 
9.  ®uftas  2tbo(pl),  @d)n?eben3  gro§ter  .ftontg,  wax  ber  getiebtefte 
£errfd)er,  ber  gefd)icftefte  gelbfyerr  nnb  ber  tapferfte  ©olbat  feinea 
3a()rl)nnberti3.  10.  £>iefer  9#ann  ift  ettler,  aU  fetn  33rnber ;  er 
ift  ein  e.ttlerer  9#ann,  aU  fetn  Srnber.  11.  3e  fd)ir>erer  bie  2lnfc 
gabe  ift,  befto  flei^tger  mn§  ber  ©d)iUer  fein.  12.  D)er  Sftyetn  ift 
ber  nndjtigfte  glng  D)entfd)ianb$.     13.  £)er  Dtamant  ift  garter, 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES.  d     '         113 

aU  ba3  atfcrtnirtcftc  (f)  detail.  14.  feclc&e  3a$rt$3«it  ift  3*)nen 
am  anantefymften  ?  15,  £>er  grilling  ift  mir  tie  angenefymfte 
3cj()rc^eit  16.  3n  toetdjer  3<*$*c*$tit  ftnb  bie  lage  am  (G.) 
langften  ?  17.  SBann  fyabtn  toir  ba3  faftefte  better?  18.  28amt 
ftnb  bie  9?ad)te  am  furjejhn?  19.  3e  l>i>t>er  ber  ©d)nee  Itegr,  urn 
fo  beffer  gefaflt  e3  ben  $inbern.  20.  liefer  33erj5  ift  fjocfy,  letter 
ift  fyofyer,  unb  ber  Maue  bort  ift  am  fyocbften.  21.  $)tef*S  ift  ein 
fcfyoneS  ($emalbe,  jenes  ift  ein  fcfyonereg,  nnb  bal  gro§te  bort  ift  ba$ 
fdjonfte  oon  alien.  22.  Die  $ricgsfiaga,e  ber  preuf  ifdjen  Marine 
ift  »etjj  mit  einem  ftf>rcar$en  Slbler  in  ber  ^J^itte  unb  bem  Stfernen 
^reu3  in  ber  oberen  (Scfe. 


Exercise  45. 

1.  Where  is  the  largest  city  in  Germany  1  2.  Vienna  is  a 
smaller  city  than  Berlin.  3.  When  have  we  the  warmest 
weather  1  4.  What  season  of  the  year  is  the  (6.)  most  agree- 
able 1  5.  The  warmest  pleases  me  the  (6.)  best.  6.  The  best 
cook  often  visits  the  poorest  families.  7.  Gustavus  Adolphus 
was  the  most  celebrated  man  of  his  century.  8.  The  bravest 
soldier  is  not  generally  the  most  skilful  commander.  9.  In 
what  season  of  the  year  is  the  snow  the  (6.)  deepest  1  10.  The 
snow  is  sometimes  deeper  in  the  springy. than  in  the  winter; 
but  it  is  generally  the  (6.)  deepest  in  the  winter.  11.  The 
Danube  is  the  most  important  river  in  Austria.  12.  The 
shortest  day  and  the  longest  night  are  in  the  last  month  of  the 
year.  13.  The  more  (13.)  one  has  to  do,  the  more  industrious 
must  one  (15.  5.)  be.  14.  Which  of  the  pictures  is  the  most 
beautiful]  15.  This  is  more  beautiful  than  that;  but  the 
most  beautiful  of  all  (7.)  is  the  smallest  one  (13.  10.)  yonder. 
16.  The  (13.)  longer  the  days,  the  shorter  the  nights.  17. 
The  diamond  is  harder  than  the  hardest  steel.  18.  The  deeper 
the  snow  is  in  the  winter,  the  greener  the  grass  (8.  4.)  is  in  the 
spring.  19.  The  pleasantest  weather  often  comes  after  the- 
most  unpleasant.  20.  The  hardest  steel  is  less  hard  than  the 
diamond. 


114  LESSON    21. 

©rammattfdjd.  Grammatical 

1.  Adjectives  are  compared  by  adding  to  the  Positive  degree 
cr,  to  form  the  Comparative,  and  eft,  or  ftp  to  form  the  Super- 
lative : 

Positive.  Comparative.  Superlative. 

milt),  mild;         milt^er,  milder;         mUt^eft,  mildest 
fein,  fine  ;  fein=er,  finer  ;  fetn-fr^    finest. 

The  endings  el,  ett,  tt  drop  the  e  in  the  comparative  (7.  2.  ett4e,  &c.)  : 

ettel,  vain  ;  ett4sCr,   vainer  ;  tittUft,  vainest. 

ebCtt,  even  ;  eb^er,  evener  ;  eben*ft,  evenest. 

bitter,  bitter ;         bitt^er,  bitterer  ;         bttter*fi,  bitterest. 

2.  The  positive,  when  ending  with  a  lingual,  forms  the 
superlative  by  adding  eft ;  with  other  consonant-endings,  it 
adds  only  ft  : 

fit§,  sweet ;  fitter,  sweeter  ;  fufceft,  sweetest, 

tout,  loud  ;  tourer,  louder  ;  laut*eft,  loudest, 

fiolb,  kind  ;  $olb*erf  kinder  ;  $olb*eftr  kindest, 

berb,  firm  ;  berb^er,  firmer  ;  berb^ft,    firmest, 

ret*,  rich  ;  reiser,  richer ;  reid)=fi,    richest, 

fteif,  stiff  ;  jtetf^er,  stiffer  ;  jletf-ft,    stillest. 

Rein,  small ;  fletn^er,  smaller  ;  f(eiu=jt,    smallest, 

la&m,  lame  ;  U$m*tt,  lamer  ;  toljm^fl,    lamest. 

3.  When  the  positive  ends  in  an  accented  vowel-sound,  it 
adds  either  eft  or  ft  in  the  superlative.  A  few,  in  unaccented  e, 
add  only  r  in  the  Comparative,  and  ft  in  the  Superlative  : 

freb,    glad  ;  frob^er,  gladder  ;           frob^eft  (or  f}),  gladdest, 

fret,     free  ;  fret^cr,  freer  ;                fret^eft  (or  ft),  freest, 

ttetfe,  wise ;  toetfe-f,    wiser ;  roetfe-=fl,             wisest, 

bofe,  bad ;  bbjVr,    worse  ;             bbfe^fi,              worst. 

4.  In  Adjectives  of  one  syllable  &,   fl,   U  usually  take  the 

umlaut  :  s 

alt,    old ;  dither,  older  ;  dtt^eft,  oldest. 

gro§,  large  ;         grower,  larger  ;  §vb$*tft  (or  grip),  largest, 

fur,},  short ;          flir^er,  shorter ;         fitr^efl,  shortest. 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES.  115 

5.  The  following  Adjectives  are  of  irregular  comparison  : 

gut,    good  ;  Differ,  better  ;  fief},  best. 

Ijod),   high  ;  pfjer,  higher  ;  pdjft,  highest. 

nal>e,  near  ;  ttftfcr,  "nearer ;  nod)  fit,  nearest. 

»tel,    much  ;  IttCljr,   more  ;  tttCtft,  most. 

$0dj,  as  in  the  comparative  pfjcr,  drops  the  c  in  the  positive,  when  used 
attributively  : 

2)er  Oitgi  tft  em  (joljer  23erg..         The  Rigi  is  a  high  mountain. 

6.  Instead  of  the  regular  form  of  the  superlative,  preceded 
by  the  article,  the  dative,  preceded  by  am  (an  bent),  is  often 
used  : 

2)te  Sage  ftnb  tm  (in  bem)  SSinter  attt  The  days  are  the  shortest  in  the 

Ftirgejien.  winter. 

SBantl  liegt  ber  (Sconce  ttltt  f)od)ftett  ?  When  is  the  snow  the  deepest  ? 

£er  9(Mcr  f(tegt  ttttt  f)5d)jlen  unb  Oltt  The  eagle  flies  the  highest  and  the 

fdmeUften.  swiftest. 

7.  To   the   superlative   the   genitive   plural   aUtt  is  often 

prefixed  : 

(£3  tft  bag  aflerkfle  or  am  aUttkfon.       It  is  the  best  of  all. 
(Em  tttterltefrfteS  Sliab,  A  most  lovely  child. 

8.  The  superlative  is  used  absolutely  in  its  simplest  form 
when  compounded  with  the  suffix  eit£,  and  when  preceded  by 
piVX  (}tt  bent)  or  tm  (tit  bem)  in  the  dative,  or  emfS  (auf  bag)  in 
the  accusative  neuter  : 

<£r  grufct  pfltdjfl.  i--'_ 

ft  grufn  aufg  ftoftiififfc.  j       He  8reets  most  Polltely' 

(Er  ifj  ntetjteitS  in  #aufe.  He  is  mostly  at  home. 

^  fcelajtigt  mid)  nidjt  tltt  QertngftCtt.         It  does  not  burden  me  in  the  least. 

9.  An  Adverb  or  Adjective,  in  the  positive  degree,  is  often 
preceded  by  a  positive  or  superlative  : 

Gr  if!  unftCiuein  Mfltd).  He  is  uncommonly  polite. 

©r  griigt  ungemcitt  fyofltdj.  He  greets  uncommonly  politely. 

2)a3  ©lid)  tit  aufjcrfi  uttereffaitt.  The  book  is  extremely  interesting. 


116  LESSON   22. 

10.  Two  qualities  of  the  same  object  are  compared  (as  in 
English)  by  using  an  adverb  with  the  adjective  in  its  simple  form : 

(Er  ift  meljr  tajlfer,  al«  f(ltg.  He  is  more  brave  than  prudent. 

(£r  ift  toniigtr  tttjlfcr,  aU  f(U0.        He  is  less  brave  than  prudent. 
©c  ift  e&cnfo  tttjlfer,  oU  flug.  He  is  as  brave  as  prudent. 

11.  Adjectives,  in  all  degrees  of  comparison,  are  subject  to 
the  same  rules  of  declension. 

12.  Participles,  when  used  adjectively,  follow  the  same  rules 
of  comparison  and  declension  as  the  adjectives,  except  that  they 
omit  the  umlaut,  and  add,  in  the  superlative,  ft  instead  of  eft : 

<£in  riif)rcnt)Crc§  @d)aufptet.  A  more  touching  spectacle. 

2)ag  TUljrfnfofite  <5d)aufptet.  The  most  touching  spectacle. 

13.  With  je  —  JC,  JC  —  fcefite,  or  je  —  um  fo,  the  verb 
which  follows  the  second  comparative  precedes  the  subject : 

3e  langer,  je  liefcer.  The  longer,  the  better. 

$t  l)5^er  man  ftcf)t,  fcefio  tiefer  fann  The  higher  one  stands,  the  lower 

man  fallen.  one  can  fall. 

3e  efyer  cr  fommt,  ttttl  fo  XteOer  ift  eg  The  sooner  he  comes,  the  better  I 


mtr. 


like  it. 


Mtion  22.  Lesson  22. 

ADJECTIVES  USED  SUBSTANTIVELY.  DERIVATIVE  ADJECTIVES.     IDIOMS. 

SBctfJude.  Examples. 

2)em  ®  IM  tidjen  fd)lagt  feme  ©tunbe.  The  happy  notes  not  the  flight  of  time. 

2)er  SBeife  Perbinbet  tag  9?u£lid)e  mit  The  wise  (man)  combines  the  useful 

bem  Slngene&men.  with  the  agreeable. 

3ener  gd)t  l)dufiger  in  bie  ©tabt,  alg  That   (one)   goes  to  the   city  more 

biefer.  frequently  than  this  (one). 

Xiefer  fprtdjt  am  lauteften.  This  one  speaks  the  loudest. 

2)er  ©liiif  lidje  Ijat  gut  reben.  The  prosperous  may  well  declaim. 

<3ie  tyafcn  tyn  um  fein  ©etb  gebrad)t  They  have  deprived  him  of  his  money. 

3n  2)eutfri)lanb  g,efiraud)t  man  meiftcng  In  Germany,  Reaumur's  thermometer 
bag  $eaumur;fd)e,  in  $ranfreid>  bag  is  principally  used  ;  in  France,  that 
Seifiug'f^e  unb  in  ©noknb  bag  %$*  of  Celsius  ;  and  in  England,  Fah- 
renheit^ Sfyermometer.  renheit's. 


ADJECTIVES    USED    SUBSTANTIVELY. 


ir 


SSorter&erjctdjnife. 

$er  ©runb,  -e$,  pi.  ©riinbe,  foundation. 
2)er  3ugang,  -$,  pi.  -gange,  admission. 
£er  Sutritt,  -d,  admittance.         [look. 
$te  Sludftcftt,  -  pi.  -en,  prospect,  out- 
Die  3ufrie'benf)ett,  -,  contentment. 
5Dtt$  @liicf,  -e3,  happiness  (luck). 
2>te  Gltern,  -,  parents. 
(Elenb,  miserable. 
(Snben,  to  finish,  end. 
Grfdutt'tcrn,  to  shatter,    it  ==  a, 
<£ntfd)lof  fen,  determined. 
Sromnten,  to  profit,  avail, 
©eftat'ten,  to  allow,  grant 
£ci%  holy,    ei  =  o ;  g  =  y. 
9Jeibtfd>,  envious. 


Vocabulary. 

9?ennen,  to  call,  name. 
fttytty,  useful. 
3>raftifd»,  practical. 
<3d)elntifd),  roguish. 
<5d)etnen,  to  seem  (shine,    frfj  = 
<Sd)tt)ad),  feeble,  weak. 
SiinMiaft,  sinful  ((Sitnbc,  sin). 
Unentk^r'ltd),  indispensable. 
Unmog'ltd),  impossible. 
Untergra'fcn,  undermine. 
Uiwcrganglid),  imperishable. 
ttntt>a&rfd&einlidj,  improbable. 
Corbet',  past. 
,3agfjaft,  despondent. 
BttKWtaifl,  twenty,    o  =  e  ;  }  =  t 


sh). 


<Scdj§  unb  tJtcrjigftc  ^ufgafce. 

1.  D*r  9Zctbifct>e  (or  ein  9Mbifd)er)  ift  etn  (Henbcr.  2.  9?eibt= 
fdje  (or  bte  9teU>tfd>en)  fint)  (Etenbe.  3.  $)a$  &d)'6m  tft  bem 
9Jiettfd)en  angenebm  unt)  folglidj  ttmnf$en$tt>ert§  j  ba3  sftiijjlidje 
unb  $raftifd)e  tft  tfym  unentbefyrlid).  4.  $dfM  mug  mit  33bfem 
ettben.  5.  graulein  Stata'Ue  fyat  jum  33eften  ber  21rmen  gefungen. 
G.  Der  (Sdjelmifdje  ijat  un$  gum  23eften.  7.  sJMl)erc3  (or  ba£ 
9taf)ere)  (3.)  faun  er  3bnen  fagen.  8.  21lte  (or  bie  2flten)  tteben 
bas  Sllte ;  3"nge  (or  bie  3ungcn)  fud)en  gem  ba3  Sfteue.  9.  (Er 
fingt  gut,  fte  ftngt  beffer,  uub  ©ie  fingen  am  beften.  10.  SMefe 
(9cfdjid)te  tft  f)od)ft  una>a^rfd)etulid).  11.  @r  tft  l)od)jten$  sroangig 
3iU)ve  alt.  12.  (Er  tvoljnte  langer,  aU  (8.)  gefyn  3<*t)re  fyier,  aber 
cr  woljnt  uid)t  ntet)r  bier.  13.  $3tr  ^aben  tt)u  nocb  (13.  6.)  ntd)t 
befucfyt.  14.  Wan  futbet  T)eutfd)e  in  ben  meiften  amerifantfd)en 
©tabten.  15.  2Bir  l)aben  beutfd^e  unb  lateimfd)c  23ud)er  »er!auft. 
1G.  (Er  tft  tttel  junger,  aU  fein  33ruber.  17.  $al)ren£)eit  pax  etn 
Deutfcfyer.  18.  Dent  (Entfcfytoffenen  tft  mand)e  Arbeit  leicfyt,  toelcfye 
bem  3«9^ften  fd)n?ierig  fd)eint.  19.  9htr  ba3  ©rofje,  (&ute  unb 
©cfyime,  o  9)?enfd),  fei  bir  fycUtg  !  nur  bem  ltoerganglid)en  geftatte 
Bugang  in  betn  £erj !    20.  2Ba3  fromnit  e3  bir  aud),  bent  UnfyetU- 


118  LESSON    22. 

$en  nnb  ©itnbtjaften  3utritt  in  betn  iperj  gu  fleftatten,  ha  nnr  bte3 
aUettt  beine  Bufriebenfyett  untergrabt,  ben  ©rnnb  beines  ®tiicfe3 
erfcfyiittert  nnb  nm  bie  2Ut$ftd)t  be3  £immels  bid)  Bringt? 

Exercise  47. 

1.  No  envious  man  is  contented.  2.  The  envious  are  their 
own  enemies.  3.  The  poor  man  is  often  more  contented  than 
the  rich  one  (13.  10.).  4.  Many  a  rich  man  lives  more  con- 
tented than  many  a  poor  man.  5.  These  Germans  like  to  read 
English  books.  6.  Many  an  American  can  say  "  My  father 
was  a  German,"  "  My  parents  were  Germans."  7.  The  beauti- 
ful is  good,  the  useful  is  indispensable.  8.  When  one  is  learn- 
ing a  foreign  language,  one  generally  Understands  more  than 
one  can  speak.  9.  We  resided  more  than  twenty  years  in  our 
old  house,  but  we  do  not  reside  in  it  any  longer.  10.  Our 
German  neighbor  sings  well,  and  plays  still  better  than  he 
sings.  11.  The  old  and  the  feeble  are  often  more  contented 
than  the  young  and  the  strong.  12.  The  miserly  man  is  a 
miserable  man.  13.  The  old  (3.)  is  generally  agreeable  to  the 
old  (persons).  14.  The  new  is  generally  agreeable  to  the 
young.  15.  A  good  scholar  reads  better  than  he  speaks.  16. 
The  timid  fear  before  the  danger,  the  cowTardly  in  it,  the 
courageous  after  it.  17.  The  diligent  man  accomplishes  w7hat 
the  indolent  one  considers  impossible.  18.  That  beautiful  time 
is  long  past. 

©rammattfdjeS.  Grammatical. 

1,  Adjectives  and  Participles  are  often  used  substantively, 
where  in  English  they  are  followed  by  a  noun  (use  of  capital 
initials,  p.  21) : 

£)er  SSftiibe  mu§  ruljen.  The  tired  (man)  must  rest. 

S)iefer  2)entfd)e  ift  em  ©elefyrter.  This  German  is  a  learned  man. 

SJtefer  ©elef)rte  tfl  etn  £eutfd)er.  This  learned  man  is  a  German. 

1)tefe  (Sdngcrin  iji  eine  2)eutfd)e.  This  singer  is  a  German. 


ADJECTIVES    USED    SUBSTANTIVELY. 


119 


2.   Adjectives,  used  as  nouns  and  referring  to  persons,  often 
omit  the  article  in  the  plural,  but  never  in  the  singular : 


T>k  Stolgen  ftnb  tfeoridjt. 

SUte    kaudjen    ttentger    <Sd)laf,    aid 

3unge. 
£er  2Betfefte  ttcip  ntdjt  Silled. 


The  proud  are  foolish. 

(The)  old  need  less  sleep  than  (the) 

young. 
The  wisest   (man)   does  *  not  know 

everything. 


3.   Adjectives,  as  in   English,   are   used  as  abstract   nouns 
those  denoting  a  language  or  a  color,  often  without  inflection  : 


2) ad  <Sd>5ne,  rote  bad  SRufclitye,  ifl  un= 

ferer  SBUbung  unent&efyrltdj. 
(Er  fprtd)t  etn  reined  2)eutfdj. 
2Btr  fcerounberten  bad  fafttgc  ©run  btefer 

Biefen. 
(Ed  ifi  ifym  etn  Setdjted. 
(£r  fam  »or  iturgem. 
UnHfltgeS  trirfigt  fetn  ebled  £evg. 
Raftered  (comparative  of  nafye)  faun 

id)  3$iten  ntd)t  faacn. 
D$ne  SBeitcrcd  (comparative  of  ttett). 


The  beautiful,  (as)  like  the  useful, 
is  indispensable  to  our  education. 

He  speaks  a  pure  German. 

"We  admired  the  fresh  green  of  these 
meadows. 

It  is  an  easy  (thing)  for  him. 

He  came  a  short  time  ago.     [dures. 

(What  is)  unjust,  no  noble  heart  en- 

I  can  not  give  you  the  (nearer)  par- 
ticulars. 

Without  further  ado. 


1.  After  cttt>a§,  tO&§,  and  litd)t$,  adjectives  used  as  abstract  nouns  take 
the  Old  Form  ;  the  pronominal  words  being  written  with  small  initials 
(54.  12.) : 


<Sie  fpred)en  tton  etmad  9f  euem. 
gBad  kfcn  ©te  9?eued  ? 
<£r  fajjt  ntd)td  <£d)led;te3. 


You  speak  of  something  new. 
What  have  you  new  ? 
He  says  nothing  bad. 


2.    The  superlative  SBcfJe  often  answers  to  good,  benefit,  &c,  and  with 
ija&ftt  or  fjalteit  indicates  to  fool,  excite  merriment,  to  dupe,  &c. : 


Sd  ifl  fur*  (fur  bad)  aflgemetne  S3cffc. 
Stcben  3te  gu  meincm  SBeficn  ! 
3um  (gu  bcm)  SBcften  ber  5Trmen. 
©to  m$  etn  £teb  gum  JBcfJcn ! 
(Sr  Ijat  tfm  gum  Seflen. 
SBotycr  »ci§t  bit,  ba§  id)  iljn  ntd)t  gum 

Seftett  ^abcr  —  ba§  id)  ntd)t  eud) 

Me  gum  SSefien  $abe  ? 


It  is  for  the  general  good. 

Speak  for  my  benefit  (in  my  interest) ! 

For  the  benefit  of  the  poor. 

Give  us  a  song  for  entertainment  I 

He  is  rallying  (making  fun  of)  him. 

How  (whence)  do  you  know,  thet  I 

am  not  duping  him,  —  that  I  am 

not  duping  you  all  ? 


120  LESSON    22. 

4.  Adjectives  are  formed  from  proper  names  by  means  of  the 
suffix  tfd)  : 

£>er  preufnfcbe  Scaler  tft  gletd)  jtr»ci  unb  The  Prussian  dollar  is  equal  to  seven- 
ftebgtg  GcntS  amertfantfcben  @etbe3.  ty-two  cents  of  American  money. 

2>on  ber  Inteimfcben  <3prad>c  ftnb  bie  From  the  Latin  language  the  Ro- 
rontanifcbcn  3pracfyen  abgelettet.  manic  languages  are  derived. 

£>te  ^ijlmfdje  Bcttung  tft  etne  ber  bejten  The  Cologne  gazette  is  one  of  the 
in  £eutfcblanb.  "best  in  Germany. 

3m  SBttEettfkin1f<$en  Eager.  In  Wallenstein's  camp. 

Die  £utf)e'rifd)e  (or  lutberifdje)  ilird)e.  The  Lutheran  church. 

5.  Words  formed  as  nouns  by  suffixing  cr  to  the  names  of 
cities,  are  often  used  undeclined  as  adjectives  : 

£>er  ilrontfmler  ober  33rabcmter  Scaler  The  Crown  dollar  or  Brabant  dollar 

ijt  gteid)   etnem  Scaler   jefyn  (£ent<3  is  equal  to  one  dollar  ten  cents 

amertfanifcb.  American. 

3n  bent  ©trapburger  2>otn.  In  the  Strasburg  cathedral. 

£>te  £anau=*33ebracr  Stfenbafjn.  The  Hanau  and  Bebra  railroad. 

6.  Adjectives  denoting  material  are  formed  by  suffixing  to 
nouns  n,  ctt,  CM.  With  the  last  forms  the  radical  vowel  takes 
the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it : 

lebern  (yon  geber) ;  golben  (son  ©olb) ;       ^oljern  (son  £otg). 

leathern  (of  leather)  ;         golden  (of  gold)  ;         wooden  (of  wood). 

7.  Adjectives  are  formed  from  some  adverhs  by  suffixing  tfl  : 

2)orti0,  of  yonder  place.  %i%\%  of  the  present  time.  •SpeuttfJ,      of  to-day. 
£aftg,   of  that  place.        £tefijj,  of  this  place.  £>amctlig,  of  that  time. 

8.  Gittcl  and  fttUfcr,  when  used  adverbially,  are  rendered  by 
all,  nothing  but,  mere  ;  mcljr,  often  by  longer;  Idltgcr  ttl§,  by 
more  than;  Ittltgcrc  Qctt  (or  Idltgcr  in  the  same  sense),  by 
some  time,  a  considerable  time  ;  the  superlative  I  ft  It  fl  ft,  by  a  long 
time,  long  ago;  jihtgft,  by  recently,  lately  ;  IttOglldjft,  by  greatest 

le: 


2Btr  ftnb  tittl  ctrme  <Sitnber.  We  are  nothing  but  poor  sinners. 

(£r  tft  ntd)t  IttC^r  jung.  He  is  no  longer  young. 

3$  tvobne  litnger,  aU  etn  3a$r  bier.  I  have  resided  here  more  than  a  year. 

9Bobnt  £err  #au3mamt  fU)on  Idngcr  Has  Mr.  Hausmann  resided  in  Bos- 

tn  Soften  ?  ton  a  considerable  time  ? 


IDIOMS.  NUMERALS. 


121 


3a,  er  n>obnt  frfjon  liingere  Sett  ba. 

£)a$  toujjte  id)  langfl. 

3n  miigitdjfier  ©tie. 

3d)  ^abe  feme  grcunbe  mcljr. 


Yes,  he  has  resided  there  some  time. 
That  1  knew  long  ago. 
In  greatest  possible  haste. 
I  have  no  longer  any  friends. 


9.   Idioms. 


<E«  ill  bte  bod)tfe  3ett. 

£>er  jitngfte  Slag. 

2)a£  jitngfte  ®crid)t. 

<5ie  leben  feljr  eingejogen. 

3d)  gebc  iieber  gu  $u§. 

(Er  ^at  feine  ©efd)ttufter  lieb. 

3d)  ^be  alleS  5)?oglid)c  »erfud)t. 

Oct  lub  mid)  perfonlid)  jin. 

SWan  fann  ifym  9ctd)t3  ,red)t  madden. 

SWein  feliger  25ater  (mein  SJater  felig). 

33ergangenen  <5ommer  toar  id)  in  ber 

©d)tt)eij. 
(£r  ifr  ^crfrreut. 

(£r  bat  ein  toabreS  ©algengeftdjt. 
sftaturiid).    9caturtid)er  2Beife. 
£>ariiber  ifr  ®ra3  gett>ad)fen. 
3d)  mar  urn  cine  Slntnwt  serlegen. 
9cebmen  @te  e£  ntdjt  iibel ! 
<Sid)  bed)  unb  tbeuer  »erfd)tti>ren. 
£)a3  i?ad)en  tterbeifcen. 
(£r  beftnbet  ftd)  in  ber  beftmoajidjfren 

Saune. 


It  is  high  time. 

The  day  of  judgment. 

The  last  judgment. 

They  live  very  much  retired. 

I  prefer  to  go  on  foot.  [much. 

He  loves  his  brothers  and  sisters 

I  have  tried  my  utmost. 

He  invited  me  himself. 

Nothing  that  one  can  do  pleases  him. 

My  deceased  father. 

Last    summer    I    was    in   Switzer- 
land. 

He  is  absent-minded. 

He  has  a  very  hang-dog  look. 

Of  course.     As  a  matter  of  course. 

That  is  quite  forgotten. 

I  was  at  loss  for  an  answer. 

Do  not  take  offence  at  it.         [oath. 

To  swear  solemnly.  To  take  a  solemn 

To  forbear  laughing. 

He  is  (finds  himself)  in  the  best 
humor  possible. 


Mtion  23. 


Lesson  23. 


NUMERALS. 

$te  3afjre8$etten.    The  Seasons. 


2)er  Winter,  -3,  pi.  -,  the  winter. 
JDor  ftri'tbling,  -8,  pi.  -e, 
3)a$  grubj.avr,  -3,  pi.  -e, 


the  spring. 


£>er  ©ornmer,  -3,  pi.  -, 
£er  £erbjr,  -e«,  pi.  -e, 
2)a3  <5pdtjat)r,-3,  pi.  -e, 


the  summer, 
the  autumn. 


122 


LESSON 


$te  annate.    The  Months. 


Der  3anuar,  -3,  January. 
->Lv      Der  ftebruar,  -3,  February. 
fctt  Stag,  -e<3,  March. 
3)er  Safprtl',  -3,  April. 
Der  2Rat,  -e$,  May. 
Der  Sunt,  -5,  June. 


Der  3uli,  -3,  July. 
Der  StugufV,  -e$,  August. 
Der  ©eptem'kr,  -$,  September. 
Der  Dcto'kr,  -3,  October. 
Der  9io»em'kr,  -3,  November. 
Der  Dejem'kr,  -0,  December. 


$ie  XaQt  &er  SSodje.     The  Days  of  the  Week. 


Der  ©onntag,  -3,  pi.  -e,  Sunday. 
Der  SJfomtag,  -*,  pi.  -e,  Monday. 
Der  Dtenjrag,  -3,  pi.  -c,  Tuesday. 
Der  Sftittrood),  -$,  pi.  -e,  Wednesday. 


Der  Donner&ag,  -«,  pi.  -e,  Thursday. 
Der  $reitag,  -3,  pi.  -e,  Friday. 
®er@am«a9,-«,pl.-e,orjSaturda 
Der  ©onnaknb,  -3,  pi.  -e, 


©etfjiielc. 

Slnno  (or  2tnno  Domini)  1871. 
3m  Sa^re  bed  £errn  1860. 
3nt  3a^re  357  »or  (nad))  Gfjrijto. 
£d)itfen  <Sie  mix  etn  9)funb  Xke ! 
3d)  roiinfdje  jftet  $aar  ®d)uf)e. 
Der  ttnettiel'fte  ijt  kute? 
(£3  ijl  bcr  groeite  September. 
3*)ren  33rief  »om  $el)nten  2lugu|l  $afce 

id)  foe'kn  ert)alren. 
©ekn  <5ie  mix  Qefafligft  bret  33ud)  S3rie|" 

papier ! 


Examples. 

Anno  Domini  1871. 

In  the  year  of  our  (the)  Lord  1860. 

In  the  year  357  before  (after)  Christ. 

Send  me  a  pound  of  tea. 

I  wish  two  pairs  of  shoes. 

What  date  is  to-day  ? 

It  is  the  second  of  September. 

Your  letter  of  the  tenth  of  August 

I  have  just  received. 
Give  me,  if  you  please,  three  quires 
of  letter-paper. 


SBiirtertierjetdjmp. 

£er  33ud)Wet$en,  -3,  buckwheat. 
©rt  Gl)ine'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Chinese. 
Der  (£intt>ofmer,  -3,  pi.  -  inhabitant. 
Der  Saib,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  loaf,    at  =  oa. 
Der  g>feiler,  -3,  pi.  -,  pillar.    Jif  =  p. 
Der  <5tctat,  -e£,  pi.  -en,  state. 
Der  (Stiefel,  -4,  pi.  -,  boot. 
Der  Scaler,  -$,  pi.  -,  dollar,    t  =  d. 
Der  £f)urm,  -e$,  pi.  Sfyurme,  tower. 
$te  9lu3naBme,  -n,  pi.  -  exception. 
Die  Mde,  -n,  pi.  -  bridge.    it  =  i. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  $euenobrunjl,  -,  pi.  -Mnfte,  con- 
flagration. 

Die  ©lode,  -  pi.  -n,  bell  (clock). 

Die  ©riinbung,  -  pi.  -en,  foundation. 

Die  5>ejl,  -,  pestilence. 

Die  ©ctnft  <3tepl)an3r'trd)e,  -  St.  Ste- 
phen's church. 

Die  <Sette,  -,  page ;  side,    t = d ;  ci=i- 

Die  Untoerfttcit',  -,  pi  -en,  university. 

$tt§  Denfmal,  -3,  pi.  -molar,  monu- 
ment. 


NUMERALS.  123 


2)a3  %a§,  -e3,  pi.  Saffer,  barrel ;  vat. 
©aS  <3d)[ad)tfelt>,  -e$,  pi.  -er,  battle- 
field. 
1)a$  SBerf..  -c«,  pi.  -e,  work,    c  =  O. 
3lu£eror'bentltd),  extraordinary. 
$otgen,  to  follow,    g  =  — .    p.  27. 
©ebo'rett,  born,    gc  =  — .    p.  27. 
£al&,half.    &  =  f. 


£eutig,  to-day's. 

$arl,  Charles. 

tfoltt,  Cologne. 

Soften,  to  cost. 

9J?und)en,  -$,  Munich. 

$rag,  -3,  Prague. 

Stemmen,  originate,  date  from. 

3crfti>'ren,  to  destroy. 


Wtfjt  unb  fcterjigfte  %ufga(e. 

1.  2IpriI,  3uni,  September  unb  9?otiember  I)aBett  breifiig  £age, 
atle  anberen  ein  unb  bretgig  mit  5lu^na^me  be£  gebruar,  itiefefyer 
nur  acfyt  unb  groangig  £age  fiat.  2.  ©cbicfen  ©ie  mtr  jefStligjI 
ttt#t  fpater,  al£  morgen  SIbenb  ein  gag  9ftebt  (17.  9.),  groei  $funb 
(18.  14.)  £fyee,  bret  $funb  $affee,  grcangig  $funb  3"^*,  fiinf  unb 
groangig  $)funb  23ud)tticigenmet)l  unb  titer  Du^enb  Sier.  3.  iperr 
Sernfyarb,  ber  ©cbufymacber,  fyat  ^eute  gtoei  $aar  ©tiefel,  bret 
$aar  $>antoffeIn  unb  ein  tyaav  ©cfyufye  tierfauft.  4.  2Bas  foften 
bie  fiier  bag  (14.  2.)  Du£enb  ?  5.  ©te  ftnb  je£t  feljr  tfyeuer ;  fie 
foften  einen  fyalben  Xfyaier  bas  Du^enb.  6.  Die  donate  3uni, 
3uli  unb  2luguft  ftnb  bie  ©ommermonate.  7.  2Bunfd)en  ©ie  nur 
einen  Saib  23rob  ?  8.  $uf  me(d)er  ©ette  ifl  unfere  fyeutige  Seftion  ? 
9.  ©ie  ift  auf  ber  neun  unb  neungigften  ©eite.  10.  Die  grogten 
©tabte  in  ©acfofen  ftnb  DreSbcn  mit  mefyr,  aU  tyunbert  unb  fiinf 
unb  titergig  taufenb,  unb  Seipgig  mit  mehr,  ate  fiinf  unb  acfytgig 
taufenb  (Simvofynertt.  11.  Die  dlteften  beutfefyen  Unitierfttaten 
ftammen  cms  bem  tiiergefynten  3aWunbert.  12.  Die  ©riinbung 
ber  Unitierfitat  gu  $rag  fdttt  in  ba^  3afyr  1348  (breigefyn  fyunbert 
unb  ad)t  unb  tiiergig  or  eintaufenb  brei()unbert  unb  acht  unb  tiier* 
gig);  gu  SBien  1365;  gu  £eibelberg  1386;  gu  $oln  1388;  gn 
(Erfurt  titer  3a^re  fpater.  13.  3m  3a§ve  1665  ftarben  in  bonbon 
an  ber  $eft  mehr,  aU  68,000  Sflenfdjett,  unb  im  folgenben  3a()re 
gerftorte  eine  grogc  gcuersbrunft  13,200  ipaufer.  14.  Die  33riicfen 
ber  (£t)inefen  ftnb  au^erorbentlicb  lang.  15.  Die  Brittle  tion  2o= 
tiang  $at  eine  gauge  tion  26,800  ftujj  unb  xuljt  auf  300  ^feilern. 
16.    ©uftati   2lbolpfy,   geboren    am    neunten    Degember   fitnfgefyn 


124  LESSON    23. 

fyunbert  unb  aier  unb  neunjig,  (Sofyn  $arl  bes  9tanten,  ft  el  <mf 
bem  (2d)lad)tfelbe  bet  Sii^en  am  fcdj$etjntcn  November  fed)3et)n  t)u\u 
bert  unb  gwei  itnb  brrigig.  17.  £)ie  @anft  ©tepfyanefircfye  in 
$3ien  ift  eine3  ber  fdn>nften  £)enfma(er  dtbeutfd)er  33aufrtnft. 
18,  £)er  beriifymte  £l)urm,  ber  grogte  in  Suropa,  ()at  eine  &o$e 
tton  ttier  fyunbert  unb  fec^i?  unb  breijjig  $u§  unb  eine  itber  iHtqig 
taufenb  $funb  fcfyrcere  ®locfe.  19.  £)ie  ©tabt  Ban  $ranct$'fo  ift 
in  bem  (Staate  (Ealifor'nien.  20.  £)ie  Mow.  Sibliotfyef  in  ^iincben 
X>at  iiber  siermal  fyunbert  taufenb  Serle.  21.  $)iefe$  2Cerf  beftefyt 
au$  15  33anben. 

Exercise  49. 

1.  How  old  is  Robert  Rauscher  1  2.  He  is  nearly  ten  years 
(5.  2.)  old.  3.  This  sugar  costs  twenty  cents  a  (14.  2.)  pound. 
4.  Please,  give  me  a  piece  of  bread  !  5.  This  cloth  costs  four 
dollars  a  yard.  6.  How  long  is  this  table  1  7.  It  is  three 
feet  (18.  14.)  and  a  half  (2.)  long.  8.  Send  me,  please,  two 
dozen  of  (17.  9.)  eggs,  one  pound  of  tea,  and  two  pounds  of 
coffee.  9.  I  wish  five  quires  of  paper.  10.  What  (1.)  day  of 
the  month  is  to-day]  11.  It  is  the  15th  of  May.  12.  The 
city  of  Berlin  is  the  largest  city  in  the  kingdom  of  Prussia. 
13.  Were  you  ever  in  the  city  of  Cologne  1  14.  I  was  a  week 
in  the  city  of  Dusseldorf,  but  never  in  the  city  of  Cologne.  15. 
I  have  bought  a  pair  of  shoes  and  two  pairs  of  boots  to-day. 
16.  The  months  of  December,  January,  and  February,  are  the 
winter  months.  17.  The  tower  of  St.  Stephen's  church  in 
Vienna  is  436  feet  high.  18.  The  art-gallery  in  Munich  is  five 
hundred  feet  long  and  ninety-two  feet  wide.  19.  The  library 
in  Munich  has  more  than  four  hundred  thousand  works,  in  more 
than  eight  hundred  thousand  volumes.  20.  Is  the  lesson  for 
to-day  [or  to-day's  (22.  7.)  lesson]  on  the  fifty-third  page  1 
21.  No,  it  is  on  the  fifty-eighth  page.  22.  The  losses  by  fire 
in  the  United  States  of  America,  in  the  year  1870,  amounted 
to  sixty  millions  of  dollars ;  the  losses  at  (14.  2.)  sea,  to  twenty 
millions  of  dollars. 


NUMBERS. 

U 

©rammattfdjes. 

Grammatical 

L 

Cardinal  and  Ordinal  Numbers. 

Cardinals. 

Ordinals. 

etna* 

1. 

(£rjle. 

1st. 

£tt>et. 

2. 

3n>ette. 

2d. 

t>xtl 

3. 

Drttte. 

3d. 

5Bter. 

4. 

SSterte. 

4th. 

8fft»f. 

5 

$itnfte. 

5th. 

<£c$$. 

6. 

<Sed)3te. 

6th. 

©teben. 

7. 

©tcbte  or  (Siebente. 

7th. 

tfc$t. 

8. 

5lcbte. 

8th. 

sJ?eun, 

9. 

■fteunte. 

9th. 

Bebn. 

10. 

Befynte. 

10th. 

er. 

11. 

<£lfte. 

11th. 

Bwolf, 

12. 

Bttbtfte, 

12th. 

©rdjitffc. 

13. 

©ret§t$ate« 

13th. 

$tcnebn. 

14. 

SMerge^nte. 

14th. 

ftunfyfyu 

15. 

8funfjje$nte. 

15th. 

©ecbjebn. 

16. 

@ed)gebnte. 

16th. 

(Stebjefyn  or  (Siebenjefjn, 

17. 

©tcfyclsntc  or  ©iebenjefmte 

.       17th. 

5td)tjef)n. 

18. 

Slcbtgeljnte. 

18th. 

^eunjefyn. 

19. 

^eunjebnte. 

19th. 

B^anjig. 

20. 

Bwanjtgfte. 

20th. 

<£m  unb  20, 

21. 

<£in  unb  20jte. 

21st. 

Bwei  unb  20, 

22. 

Bftet  unb  20fie. 

22d. 

2)rct§tg. 

30. 

©reifngjle. 

30th. 

gin  unb  30, 

31. 

Sin  unb  30f!e. 

31st. 

3»ct  unb  30, 

32. 

3»et  unb  30fk, 

32d. 

Sierjig. 

40. 

SSierjtgfle. 

40th. 

gunfjta.. 

50. 

gitnftia.fte. 

50th. 

<Sed)$ta,. 

60. 

GWfoigflt. 

60th. 

©iefcgtg  or  ©teknjtg. 

70. 

©tebjigfte  or  <3tebengta,jle. 

70th. 

•Wfi. 

80. 

SWgfle. 

80th. 

9tara$tg. 

90. 

9famjtgfle. 

90th. 

£unbert. 

100. 

^unbertjle. 

100th. 

Imnbert  unb  l. 

101. 

£>unbert  unb  erfle. 

101st. 

4Mmbert  unb  2, 

102. 

£unbert  unb  2te. 

102d. 

•dunbert  unb  20, 

120. 

£unbert  unb  20jlc. 

120th. 

£unbert  unb  1  unb  20. 

121. 

|>unbert  unb  l  unb  20fle. 

121st. 

Stoti  bunbert. 

200. 

3n>ei  fyunbertjte. 

200th. 

gf&tf  bunbert. 

500. 

%ixnf  fjunbertjle. 

500th. 

Saufenb. 

1,000. 

Saufenbjk. 

1,000th. 

Qtod  taufenb. 

2,000. 

3n>et  taufenbfte. 

2,000th. 

©icben  taufenb. 

7,000. 

<5icben  taufenbfte. 

7,000th. 

Bebn  taufenb. 

10,000. 

3e()n  taufenbfte. 

10,000th. 

Humbert  taufenb. 

100,000. 

Imnbert  taufenbfte.          100,000th. 

SKSion'* 

1,000,000. 

SWiWonjle.                 1,000,000th. 

</. 


126  LESSON    23. 

1.  $tr,  btC,  or  fca$  lUtCdtclfic?  is  an  interrogative  ordinal, 
answering  to  which  ?  what  one  ?  or  what  part  ?  (of  a  given 
series)  : 

2>er  unemetjte  bin  id)  ?  Which  number  in  the  list  am  I  ? 

<Sie  finb  ber  ©rittc.  You  are  the  third. 

Dcr  reiettielfie  ifi  f)eute  ?  What  date  is  to-day  ? 

(£3  ijt  fyeure  ber  geljnte  3uni  (17.  9.).  It  is  the  tenth  of  June  to-day. 

£en  nnesielfien  fyacen  tttr  ?  What  date  have  we  ? 

SBir  l)aben  ben  brcipigften  fKarj.  It  is  the  thirtieth  of  March. 

2)er  ttriesicljlc  St^etl  von  |»3If  ift  ttier  ?  What  part  of  twelve  is  four  ? 

23ier  ift  ein  Drittel  (ber  britre  Xfytil)  sum  Four  is  a  third  (the  third  part)  of 
jlwlf.  twelve. 


2.  Fractional  numerals  are  formed  from  Ordinal  numbers  by 
suffixing  M  ($$fft,  part) :  Drtttcl  (fctittoff) ;  SMertel  (3Siert*tel); 
3wan3tgfte(  (3wangtgjl*tcl) ;  &c.  Instead  of  gtoettel,  Ijalfi  is 
used  j  its  declension  is  like  that  of  other  adjectives.  §tt(fte  is 
a  feminine  noun  : 

iJDer  tttwtelfte  £l)eil  etne3  ©anjen  ijt  ein  What  part  of  a  whole  is  a  third 

£rittelber(14.2.)£dtfte?  bie£cttfte  of  a  half?   the  half  of  a  twen- 

eine3  BttanjigftelS  ?  tieth  ? 

2)a3  ilinb  ijt  ein  nnb  ein  $alfee8  Safjr  The  child  is  one  year  and  a  half 

alt.  old. 

£)ie  Die^Ie  ijt  jroei  nnb  einen  (5,  2.)  The  plank  is  two  inches  and  a  half 

Ijatfeen  3otf  bicf.  thick. 

Die  glaftye  tji  nur  §aW  »oU.  The  flask  is  only  half  full. 

3.  The  Multiplicative  numerals,  answering  to  the  question 
How  many  fold  ?  are  formed  from  the  Cardinals,  by  adding  the 
suffix  fad)  or  fdltta,  : 

emfacfy  or  etnfalttg,  onefold      or   single, 

gfoeifad)        or  jteeifaltig,  twofold      or   double, 

breifadj         or  fcreifalHg,   '  threefold   or  treble, 

fyunbertfad)  or  fyuttbertfalttg,  hundredfold, 

taufenbfad)  or  taufenbfalttg,  thousandfold. 

(£tttftilti{j  is  applied  to  what  is  simple,  artless,  i 


NUMERALS. 


127 


GtltdjeS  ftel  auf  ein  gut  £anb  unb  trttg 
Sfrudjt,  <EUt$e$  ljunbertfalttg,  QUI* 
d)e<3  fedjjtgfalttg,  <£tltd}e$  bret§tg= 
falttg. 


Other  (some)  fell  into  good  ground, 
and  brought  forth  (bore)  fruit, 
some  an  hundredfold,  some  sixty- 
fold,  some  thirtyfold. 


4.  Iterative  numerals,  answering  to  the  question  How  often  ? 
or  How  many  times  ?  are  formed  from  Cardinals  and  from  In- 
definite numerals  by  suffixing  mol  (time)  : 


einmctf,     one  time  ;  once. 

gnjeimal,  twice. 

fcretmal,    three  times,  thrice. 

3d)  babe  tf)n  bretmal  gefefyen,  afeer  mir 

$wetmal  mtt  ttnn  gefprod)en. 
(ginntal  fur  attentat,  or  gin  fur  attentat. 


groangtgmal,  twenty  times, 
fyunfcertmal,  hundred  times, 
taufentimaf,  thousand  times. 

I  have  seen  him  thrice,   but  only 

spoken  with  him  twice. 
Once  for  all  (one  time  for  all  times). 


CHttmal',  accented  on  the  last  syllable,  often  signifies,  in 
familiar  use,  once,  once  on  a  time;  with  a  negation,  even;  and 
sometimes  does  not  require  translation.  Suffixed  to  a  numeral, 
mttl  often  precedes  gmtfccrt  taufcttb.     SRttf,  apart  from  numer- 


als, is  declined  as  a  neuter  noun 

Betgen  <5te  e$  mtr  etnmal'. 
(£r  fann  ntc&t  eintal'  tefcn. 
Bwetmal  Iwnbert  taufenb,  or         ) 
Broet  ftunbert  taufenb,  ) 

9?ur  nod)  btefeS  etne  5flal. 


Show  it  to  me  (once). 
He  cannot  even  read. 

Two  hundred  thousand. 
Only  yet  (just)  this  one  time. 


SfiteUcrfjofuufl. 


Recapitulation. 


Ptinfzigste  Aufgabe. 

1.  Was  ist  der  Inhalt  (18.  13.)  der  ersten  Lektion  1  2.  Was 
fur  Schwierigkeiten  haben  Sie  in  dieser  Lektion  gefunden,  und 
was  halten  Sie  fur  die  grosste  1  3.  Was  lehrt  die  zweite  Lek- 
tion 1  4.  Worm  unterscheidet  sich  der  Nominativ  des  unbe- 
stimmten  Artikels  und  der  besitzanzeigenden  Furworter  von 
.dem  Nominativ  der  Worter,  welche  wir  in  der  ersten  Lektion 
gehabt  haben  1  5.  Ist  das  grammatische  Geschlecht  der  Haupt- 
worter  im  [in  dem  (24.  2.)]  Deutschen  auch  immer  das  natiir- 


128  LESSON    23. 

liche  Geschlecht  der  Begriffe,  wclche  sie  bezeichnen  1  6.  Wann 
blcibcn  die  Adjektive  unverandert  in  ihrer  urspriinglichen 
Form,  und  wann  bekoramen  sie  Geschlechtsendungen  ]  7. 
Welche  Endungen  bekoinmen  die  Adjektive,  wenn  ihnen  der 
bestimmte  Artikel  vorangeht  ]  8.  Welche  Geschlechtsendun- 
gen hat  der  Akknsativ  1  9.  Wovon  handelt  die  fiinfte  Lektion  1 
10.  Welche  Prapositionen  regieren  den  Akkusativ?  11.  Welche 
Geschlechtsendungen  hat  der  Genitiv1?  12.  Welches  sind  die 
Geschlechtsendungen  des  Dativ  1  13.  Wie  viele  Arten  von 
Deklinationen  der  Hauptworter  haben  wir  gehabt  ?  14.  In 
welcher  Lektion  finden  wir  sie,  und  wodnrch  unterscheiden 
sie  sich  von  einander?  15.  In  welcher  Lektion  lernen  wir 
den  Genitiv  der  persbnlichen  Fiirworter  kennen  1  .  16.  Wann 
bedient  man  (15.  5.)  sich  (9.  4.)  in  der  Anrede  der  Fiir- 
worter "  da  "  und  w  ihr,"  und  wann  des  Fiirwortes  "  Sie  "  1 
17.  Wie  bildet  man  das  Futurum  %  18.  Was  haben  wir  in 
Lektion  10.  und  was  in  Lektion  11  gehabt  %'  19.  Wann 
entspricht  der  Gebrauch  des  Infinitivs  im  (in  dem)  Deut- 
schen  dem  Gebrauch  des  Partizip  des  Prasens  im  Englischen  1 
20.  Welcher  Hiilfszeitworter  bedient  man  sich,  um  das  Perfekt 
mid  Plusquamperfekt  zu  bilden  1  21.  Welche  Prapositionen 
regieren  den  Dativ  ]  22.  Wovon  handelt  die  dreizehnte  Lek- 
tion] 23.  Was  fur  eine  Form  hat  "sein"  im  Partizip  des  Per- 
fekts?  24.  Wann  gebraucht  man  das  Hiilfszeitwort  "sein," 
und  wann  das  Hiilfszeitwort  "  werden  "  in  Verbindung  mit  dem 
Partizip  des  Perfekts  1 .  25.  Wie  viele  unbestimmte  und  wie 
viele  fragende  Fiirworter  gibt  es  im  Deutschen  1  nenne  sie  ! 
26.  Welchen  Einfluss  auf  die  Construktion  des  Satzes  haben 
unterordnende  Conjunktionen  1  27.  Wie  bildet  man  eine  grosse 
Anzahl  weiblicher  Hauptworter  yon  mannlichen  1  28.  Wie 
bildet  man  den  Nominativ  der  Mehrzahl  von  Hanptwortera  der 
alten  Deklination  1  wie  von  Hauptwbrtern  der  neuen  1  wie  von 
Hauptwbrtern  der  gemischten  1  29.  Gibt  es  (13.  12.)  viele. 
Ausnahmen  von  den  Regeln  iiber  die  Bildung  der  Mehrzahl] 
30.  Was  habt  ihr  in  der  neimzehnten  Lektion  gelernt  % 


PREPOSITIONS. 


129 


Scftum  24 


Lesson  24. 


PREPOSITIONS    GOVERNING   THE  DATIVE   OR  ACCUSATIVE.       CONTRAC- 
TION   OF    PREPOSITIONS    WITH    THE    DEFINITE    ARTICLE. 


93eifjuere. 

£>ctS  23ud)  liegt  auf  fctefettt  £ifd)e,  lege 

e3  auf  jcncn. 
Wlan  gel;t  in  has  $au$  unb  in  bent 

#aufe. 
(?r  ntvduct  fid)  ntdjt  bor  fetnen  geinben. 
£cr  Dfen  tft  gut,  aber  e3  ift  fein  $euer 

fcarin. 
•£>err  Bintmermann  tteifi  nidjt,  toODOit 

bit  $ebe  i{*/ 
2Ba3  fagen  @ic  fcttju  ? 
3d)  freue  mid)  ii&er  fca0  ©tiicf  mctacS 

$reunbe$. 
@r  ifl:  jiolj  auf  fein  ©aterlanb. 

SBortcrtocrjcidjnife. 

$er  mid,  -*,  pi.  -e,  sight. 

2)er  ftuj^obcn,  -3,  pi.  -Wben,  floor. 

2>er  ©avtner,  -3,  pi.  -  gardener. 

Tex  yiimb,  -e3,  pi.  SWiinber,  mouth. 

£>er  Dd)3,  -en,  pi.  -en,  Dd)fe,  -n,  pi.  -n, 

3)er  <Sd)iefer,  -3,  slate.  [ox. 

2>er  Sriumpfya'tor,  -3,  pl.-en,  triumpher. 

£te  ftami'tte,  -,  pi.  -n,  family. 

Tk  ^elSttctnb,  -,  pi.  -wdnbe,  rocky- 
Avall,  cliff. 

Tk  (>3egenb,  -,  pi.  -en,  region. 

Tk  3dmmc,  -,  pi.  -n,  barn. 

Tk  oonne,  -,  pi.  -n,  sun.    0  =  U. 

$u3  Jenftcr,  -3,  pi.  -,  window. 

Xatf  ©tMr'ge,  -3,  pi.  -,  mountains. 

Ta$  @erctt'ter,-3,  pi.  -thunder-storm. 

Tan  \?anbf)au3,  -e3,  pl.-l)aufer,  COUntry- 
SCat. 

£>a$  Waul,  -e$,  pi.  hauler,  mouth. 
£)a$  £f)ier,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  animal  (deer).  * 


Examples. 

The  book  lies  on  this  table,  lay  it 

on  that. 
We  walk  into  the  house  and  in  the 

house. 
He  is  not  afraid  of  his  enemies. 
The  stove  is  good,  but  there  is  no 

fire  in  it. 
Mr.   Zimmermann  does  not  know 

what  the  conversation  is  about. 
What  do  you  say  to  that  ? 
I  am  delighted  with  the  prosperity 

of  my  friend. 
He  is  proud  of  his  fatherland. 

Vocabulary. 

Slnftatt',  instead  of.    a  =  ea ;  it  =  d. 
STuf,  at,  up.    an  =  u ;  f  =  p. 

33egreifen,  to  understand. 

©men  $u$flug  madjen,  take  a  trip. 

$lctd),  even  (flat). 

SKtejjjen,  flow,  float,    te  =  oa;  ft  =  t. 

Ofreffen,  eat,  devour,   (fret,    ff  =  t). 

it'aum,  scarcely. 

£cgen,  lay.    jj  =  y ;  c  =  a. 

9kd)-(jin,  towards. 

Diomifdj,  Koman. 

©ctmt,  together  with. 

(Saufen,  drink,  (sup.  ttU=u;  f=p). 

<Sd)toul,  sultry  ;  sweltry.    fdj  =  s. 

(Sid)  brdngen,  press,  (throng.  fc=th.) 

©id)  ergte^en,  pour  one's  self. 

<Sott>otjt  aU,  as  well  as.    o  =  e. 

(Spannen,  harness  ( ©panne,  span). 

2Bet(en,  stay  (to  while). 

Biefjen,  move  ;  draw. 


130  LESSON    24. 

(Bin  unb  fiinfjigftc  tofgak. 

I*  3ft  £etr  33iid)ner  nafy  Sftujjlanb  gereift?  2.  9Mn,  er  fjat 
nnr  einen  SlnSflng  in$  (2.)  ©eMrge  gemadjt.  3.  SMefer  (Mrtner 
gefyt  in  unferen  fd)bnen,  grogen  ©arten.  4.  3n  ttelcfyem  £anfe 
motjnt  £err  fitter?  5,  (Er  nwfynt  in  bem  Sanbfyanfe  bort  am  Ufer 
ber  (Elbe.     6.  2Ibolp()  nnb  £>einridj  toofynen  in  bcr  <3tabt  Berlin. 

7.  T)a$  SanbfyanS  biefeS  .ftanfmannS  ftel)t  in  einer  Reuben  ®e= 
$enb  3tt>ifc^en  bem  S^einftrome  nnb  ben  23ergen  be3  @iebengebirge3. 

8.  $anm  begreift  man  (15.  5.)  anf  ben  erften  Slid,  ir-arnm  ber 
9tt)ein  bet  33ingen  gnrifdjen  bie  geiSmanbe  son  (Sdjiefer  fid)  brangte, 
anftatt  in  bie  flad)ere  ©egenb  nad)  ^ren^nad),  l)\n  fid)  $n  ergtegen 
(10.  6.).  9.  £>ie  Dd)fen  be3  23auers  ftefyen  »or  ber  alten  vScfyeunc 
10.  3Sor  ben  SSagcn  eine3  romifdjen  £rinmpf)ator3  maren  (14.  5.) 
»eljje  $ferbe  gefpannt.  11.  Wad)  bem  9xegen  fd)eint  bie  Sonne. 
12.  SBor  einem  (Remitter  ift  e3  getoofynlid)  fcfynml.  13.  9k  dj  einem 
©emitter  ift  e3  tul)L  14.  2)ein  23ud)  liegt  anf  bem  gngboben ; 
lege  e3  anf  ben  £ifd).  15.  &axt  nnb  feine  Gutter  ftefyen  am 
genfter.  16.  3$  &*&*  einen  Dfen,  after  fein  gener  bartn.  17. 
SBoson  fpricfyt  nnfer  Sefyrer?  18.  3d)  roeig  nid)t,  fooson  er  fpridjt 
19.  Uebermorgen  giefyt  iperr  Hoffmann  famt  feiner  gamilie  nad) 
(Stettin'.  20.  ipetnrid)  twcilt  gem  bet  fetnem  Ofyeime.  21.  3^ber 
9)knn  ift  ein  9Jknfd>,  aber  nid)t  jeber  $knfd)  ift  ein  SJknn,.  22. 
grauen  nnb  ^tnber  fott>of)l,  ate  banner  ftnb  9)ienfd)en.  23.  Der 
$knfdj  fyat  einen  9ttnnb  nnb  ifjt  nnb  trinft.  24.  T)a$  Xfytv  fyat 
ein  Waul  nnb  frig t  nnb  fanft. 

Exercise  52. 

1.  Henry  and  Charles  are  in  the  new  house.  2.  The  little 
boy  is  going  into  the  garden  to  his  father.  3.  Your  book  is 
lying  on  the  table  ;  why  do  you  not  lay  it  on  the  desk  1  4. 
The  boy  is  sitting  at  the  desk,  his  paper  is  lying  before  him,  and 
he  is  writing  on  it.  (3.).  5.  His  father  goes  to  the  desk,  and 
lays  a  letter  on  it  (3.)  before  the  boy.  6.  Henry  is  coming  out 
of  the  house,  Adolphus  is  going  into  the  house.  7.  A  large  tree 
stands  between  the  house  and  the  garden.     8.  A  small  river 

.-^y~= 


PREPOSITIONS.  131 

flows  between  the  garden  and  the  forest.  9.  The  poor  man  has 
a  good  stove,  but  he  has  no  fire  in  it  (3.).  10.  What  are  you 
speaking  of]  11.  It  is  sometimes  very  sultry  after  a  storm. 
12.  The  children  are  standing  at  the  window.  13.  That 
country-house  in  the  valley  yonder,  between  the  river  and  the 
mountain,  is  very  large  and  very  beautiful.  14.  To-morrow 
we  are  going  to  Berlin.  15.  Mr.  Schindler  lives  in  the  vicinity 
of  Dresden,  namely,  in  the  village  of  (17.  9.)  Pirna  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river  Elbe  (17.  11.).  16.  Mr.  Werner  is  traveling 
in  Bohemia.  17.  I  was  in  that  country  in  the  year  1848. 
18.  What  is  the  difference  between  the  words  „  Sftann "  and 

Vw 

"  s3)ienfd)  "  ?  19.  What  are  the  German  words  for  "man," 
"  mouth,"  "  eat,"  "  drink  "  1  20.  What  do  men  eat  and  drink, 
and  what  do  animals  eat  and  drink] 

GJrammattfdjcg.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Prepositions  an,  ctuf,  Ijttttcr,  in,  ttektt,  ufeer,  itttter, 

feOV,  ^tutfajftt,  when  used  to  express  transition  or  change  of 
relative  position,  govern  the  Accusative,  otherwise  the  Dative  : 

Ace.     3>er  Bug  ge^t  fitter  fcttS  ®e*  The  train  goes  behind  the  moun- 

Mrge.  tains. 

Dat.    2)er  Bug  gc^t  Ijtntcr  fcCf  Sofo*  The  train  goes  behind  the  locomo- 

mott'sc.  tive. 

Ace.     (£r  gtng  ttlt  fottS  gfotftaf.  He  went  to  the  window. 

Dat.     (£r  ftcfyt  jefjt  an  t)Cltt  $enfler.  He  Is  now  standing  at  the  window. 

Ace.     Q?r  gefyt  ttt  ttttl  ©arten.  He  is  going  into  the  garden. 

Dat.    dx  arOeitct  in  iJCnt  ®arten.  He  is  working  in  the  garden. 

Ace.     @r  gef)t  liber  ben  gflug.              .  He  is  going  over  the  river. 

Ace.     (Bit  fd>retOt  on  tljre  £cmte.  She  is  writing  to  her  aunt. 

1.  The  above  prepositions,  when  used  with  flcfjbl'Clt,  are  regarded  as 
indicating  transition,  and  are  hence  construed  with  the  accusative  : 
2>tefer  £ija)  flCprt  in  fcttS  anbre  Bim*  This  table  belongs  in  (into)  the  other 

raer.  room. 

2.  3(uf  and  ubtt,  when  not  referring  to  locality,  generally  require  the 
accusative : 

(Er  ift  Wfe  OUf  mid).  He  is  angry  at  me. 

<&k  ttunberten  ft<$  lifter  fcin  ©lurt.      They  wondered  at  his  fortune. 


132 


LESSON    24. 


2.   A  Preposition  with  the  definite  article,  in  the  dative  or 
accusative,  is  often  contracted  into  one  word  : 

(£r  ftfct  ttttt  grojjen  £ifd)e.  He  sits  at  the  large  table. 


am 

for  an  bent. 

kirn 

for  fci  bettt. 

Ijintcrm  for  Winter  bcttt, 

tm 

for  in  bcttt. 

Horn 

for  yen  bettt. 

3«nt 

for  ju  bcttt. 

jur 

for  ju  bcr. 

ang 

for  an  bag. 

ttttfg 

for  auf  bag. 

imrdjg 

for  burd)  bag. 

ftirg 

for  fur  bag. 

tng 

for  in  bag. 

ttmg 

for  urn  bag. 

(Er  ift  kittt  SBruber. 
<Er  jM)t  Jjmtcrm  3aun. 
(Er  ift  im  £aufe. 
Gr  fommt  DOttt  5Warfte. 
©r  get>t  jUttl  ftreunbe. 
©ie  geljt  Jltr  Secretin, 
gr  9et>t  attg  ftenfta. 
<£r  iegt  eS  ottfg  9>ult. 
<£r  gefa  imrdjg  ftelb. 
<£$  $  ftirg  gute  tfinb. 
<£r  gdjt  tttg  alte  #au$. 
(Er  fam  tttttg  Scben. 


He  is  with  the  brother. 
He  stands  behind  the  fence. 
He  is  in  the  house. 
He  comes  from  market. 
He  goes  to  the  friend. 
She  goes  to  the  instructress. 
He  goes  to  the  window. 
He  lays  it  on  the  desk. 
He  goes  through  the  field. 
It  is  for  the  good  child. 
He  goes  into  the  old  house. 
He  lost  his  life. 


3.    The  use   of  adverbs   compounded  with  prepositions  is 
much  more  common  than  in  English  : 

#icrnttt  fenbe  id),  unb  fo  fort.  Herewith  I  send,  and  so  forth. 

Sfiouon  fprcd)en  <Sie?  Of  what  (whereof)  do  you  speak  ? 

$HDOn  iwijj  id),  Ijtertion  nid)t.  Of  that  I  know,  of  this  d  do)  not. 


4.  ©tg  (till,  until)  indicates  a  limit  or  restriction,  and,  before 
other  particles,  is  variously  rendered  : 

How  far  (to  whither)  is  he  going  ? 
He  is  going  as  far  as  the  bridge. 
How  soon  will  the  tailor  make  the 
coat  and  the  vest  ? 


%i$  fooljitt  ge^t  er  ? 

@r  gel?t  Mg  tttt  tie  ©ruffe. 

Stg  ttttttttt  ttirb  ber  (Sdntetber  ben9tocf 

unb  bte  2Bejte  macben  ? 
(Er  n>trb  (ie  Dig  ntorgen  Slfcenb  mafytn 

fonneiu 


He  will  be  able  to  make  them  by 
to-morrow  evening. 


5.  (£rfl,  as  an  adverb,  indicates  a  limitation  or  exclusion,  and 
answers  to  not  until,  not  before  : 

(Er  n)irb  erft  morgen  anfommen.     He  will  not  arrive  before  to-morrow. 

6.  9HlJ)t    djcr,    dig   Mg   (not  sooner  than   till)   is   often   the 
equivalent  of  not  till : 

(Er  ttirb  ttidjt  Cfjcr  auSgefjen,  dig  Bil        He  will  not  (sooner)  go  out  (than) 
er  feine  Stufgabe  gefefyrteben  §at.  till  he  has  written  his  exercise. 


^J&£> 


PERSONAL    AND    REFLEXIVE    PRONOUN! 


133 


Scftion  25. 


Lesson  25. 


PERSONAL   AND    REFLEXIVE    PRONOUNS. 


Setfjiiele. 

3d)  freue  mid),  ba§  cr  gcfyt. 

2ftara'ba3  nennt  cr  jtd). 

9Bie  kftnbet  fid)  3t;r  £err  Skater,  3*)re 

$ran  Gutter,  3ijre  ^raulein  <3d)roe=* 

ftcr  unb  3f)ve  grau  ©emaf/lin  ? 
2Bir  kfucfyen  un$  fyauftg. 
(£elbft  unfer  yorftd^tiger  $reurtb  fiat  fein 

©elb  bet  fid). 
£3  ftxtrtrt  3emanb  auf  <Ste;  roiflfen  ©ie, 

roer  eS  iji  ? 
9?ein,  id)  wei§  e$  nidjr. 
©3  le&e  ber  **«*«  ' 


Examples. 

I  rejoice  (myself)  that  he  is  going. 

He  calls  himself  Maradas. 

How  do  your  father,  your  mother, 

your  sister,  and  your  wife  do  (find 

themselves)  ? 
We  visit  each  other  frequently. 
Even  our  provident  friend  has  no 

money  with  him. 
There  is  somebody  waiting  for  you  ; 

do  you  know  who  it  is  ? 
No,  I  do  not  know  (it). 
Long  live  the  king  • 


aSortcrtoerjctdjmfc. 

$er  ©efemn're,  -n,  pl.-n,  acquaintance. 
25er  ©efcm'gene,  -n,  pi.  -rt,  prisoner. 
25er  pummel,  -3,  pi.  -  sky. 
Dcr  ilerfer,  -3,  pi.  -  dungeon. 
IDer  2Beife,  -rt,  pi.  -rt,  wise  man  ;  sage. 
$ie  flieife,  -  pi.  -n,  journey. 
2)ie  £f)ure,  -  pi.  -rt,  door,    t  =  d. 
£>ie  2Mfe,  -,  pi.  -rt,  cloud  ;  welkin. 
%>a$  SSergnitgen,  -3,  pleasure. 
£5at)er',  hither. 
1)at)m'f  thither. 
$rt£,  Freddy  ($riebrid),  Frederick). 


Vocabulary. 

®oIbert,  golden  (made  of  gold). 

S&djerlid),  ridiculous,  laughable. 

Soben,  to  praise. 

Suftig,  airy,  breezy  (lofty.    U  =  o). 

^iemctlS,  never. 

9?un,  now.    u  =  OW. 

Dben,  up  stairs,  above.    6  =  v. 

@d)lagen,  beat  (slay    fdj  =  s ;  g  =  y). 

©dntibig,  guilty. 

£oben,  to  rage. 

SSerra'tljcn,  to  betray. 

Soften,  to  will.    0  =  L 


$>ret  imb  fiinfjtgftc  5CufpBc. 

1,  <£a  (2.)  ift  3emant>  an  ber  %l)uve ;  er  fud)t  @le.  2,  SMffert 
©ie  md)t,  n?er  e3  ift  ?  3.  (£r  nennt  ftd)  einen  alien  Srennb  son 
3()tten  (12,  7.),  after  er  fagte  mix  nid)t,  rote  er  fyeigt.  4,  3d)  ser* 
fpred)e  mix  tftet  Sergniigen  son  btefer  3ftetfe.  5.  (Sr  nnt>  id)  merben 
©ie  bait)  cefnd)en.     6.  3t)r  feit>  nirnt  fctjuifci^,  id)  meig  e$,  ifyr  feit) 


134  LESSON   25. 

e$  (3,)  nid)t.  7.  @3  jiefjert  tie  Xufttgen  SBoIfen  am  £immet  ba* 
l)in  nnb  bafyer.  8.  Jpaben  @ie  3l)rc  neue  golbene  tU)r  bet  ftd)  ? 
9*  3^)  fyabe  fie  faft  tmmer  bet  mir.  10,  2Bir  felbft  tvaren  bet  ben 
©efangenen  tin  ^erfer.  11.  2£tr  fyabcn  bte  ®efangenen  felber 
gefetjen,  12.  £>ie  23erbred)er  fyaben  fid)  felbft  *>erratl)en.  13.  £)er 
SBetfe  fprtdjt  nid)t  gem  son  fid)  felbft.  14.  2£er  fid)  felber  lobt, 
mad)t  ftd)  oft  lad)erlid)  unb  tmmer  laftig.  15.  Diefe  ^nabert  be* 
fud)en  fidj  ntd)t  mefyr.  16.  £3  ift  3ewanb  vhen  ;  tt>eifjt  bu,  mer  e3 
ift?  17.  9Mtt,  aber  id)  glaube,  e3  ift  grit^  ;  jetjt  febe  id)  ifjn  ;  er 
ift'4  (or  ift  e$).  18.  S3  ift  l>eute  fe&r  fait.  19.  <5s  maren  geftern 
Sormittag  jmei  33efannte  fcon  3fynen  M  unS.  20.  £3  leben  oiele, 
a>eld)e  ba$  nidjt  gefefyen  fyaben.  21.  9mn,  leben  @ie  wofyl,  meine 
iperren !  in  .ftnrjcm  (22.  3.)  fyabtn  n?ir  ben  geinb  gefcfylagen,  ober 
n?tr  fefyen  una  niemals  wieber* 

Exercise  54. 

1.  There  is  somebody  waiting  for  you.  2.  Is  it  Mr.  Brown  ? 
3.  I  do  not  know  who  it  is.  4.  How  long  has  he  been  here  1 
5.  He  has  been  here  more  than  an  hour.  6.  Is  he  an  old  friend 
of  yours  1  7.  He  is  an  old  friend  of  ours.  8.  There  is  no 
friend  of  yours  here.     9.   Do  these  scholars  praise  themselves  ] 

10.  They  do  not  praise  themselves,  their  teacher  praises  them. 

11.  The  boy  has  lost  his  knife,  he  blames  himself.  12.  The 
boys  promise  themselves  much  pleasure  on  this  journey.  1.3. 
I  do  not  promise  myself  anything.  14.  I  have  no  watch  with 
me.  15.  I  hope  we  shall  see  each  other  again  soon.  16.  I  have 
seen  the  prisoners  myself.  17.  The  prisoners  themselves  were 
there.  18.  There  were  four  men  here  yesterday  and  there  are 
two  of  them  here  again  to-day.  19.  Day  before  yesterday  there 
were  two  neighbors  of  yours  at  our  house.  20.  They  are  not 
vain,  I  know  they  are  not.  21.  Who  is  it  that  is  singing  so 
loud]  22.  I  do  not  know  (3.),  but  I  believe  it  is  the  miller, 
Mr.  Walter.  23.  Who  has  just  come?  24.  It  is  (1.)  the 
brothers  and  sisters  of  our  friend  Arthur ;  they  thought  he 
was  (16.  5.)  still  here. 


PERSONAL    AND    REFLEXIVE    PRONOUNS.  135 

©rammattfdjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  (£3  (like  it)  may  refer  to  nouns  of  either  gender  or  num- 
ber ;  but  in  German  the  logical  subject  controls  the  person 
and  number  of  the  verb,  and,  when  a  personal  pronoun,  pre- 
cedes the  verb  : 

2Ber  €fl  c3  ?  .  3d)  fetje,  roer  e£  ill.  Who  is  it  ?    I  see  who  it  is. 

(E3  tft  etn  alter  $reunb  toon  mix.  It  is  an  old  friend  of  mine. 

(£3  finb  imfere  alten  ft-reunbe.  It  is  our  old  friends. 

(Er  tft  e3  ;  voir  ftnb  etf.  It  is  he  ;  it  is  we. 

The  use  of  the  verb  in  the  singular,  having  as  its  subjects  two  or  more 
nouns  in  the  singular,  is  more  common  than  in  English  : 
£)er  ©trorn,  baS  2tteer,  ba$  ©alj  gefyort       The  stream,  the  sea,   the  salt  be- 

bem  $onig.  long(s)  to  the  king. 

£>etn  ifi  ba<3  ^tetd),  bie  $raft  unb  bie       Thine   is   the   kingdom,    and   the 

£ervltaM'ett.  power,  and  the  glory. 

2.  ($£  is  often  used  expletively,  and,  when  requiring  trans- 
lation, answers  to  our  expletive  there  : 

(S§  tft  Sfttcmanb  ba.  There  is  nobody  there. 

(5$  roarert  jttoei  Btembe  ba.  There  were  two  strangers  there. 

($8  (eudjtet  ber  Sflonb,  eg  gtdnjen  bie  The  moon  is  shining,  the  stars  are 

Sterne.  glittering. 

(50  nTartet  3emanb  auf  un3.  There  is  somebody  waiting  for  us. 

-  3.  ($3  often  stands  in  place  of  a  previously  used  noun  or  ad- 
jective, and  is  rendered  one  or  so  ;  after  ttuffeit,  it  often  does 
not  admit  of  translation  : 

(£r  tft  (Sdjmteb,  aoer  id)  out  t§  ntd)t.  He  is  a  smith,  but  I  am  not  one 

3ft  cr  (ner  ?    3d)  roetft  e§  ntd)t.  Is  he  here  ?     I  do  not  know  (it). 

2Btr  ftnb  ntd)t  Sltle  glcid),  unb  fonnen  eg  We  are  not  all  alike,   and  cannot 
ntd)t  fetn.  be  so. 

4.    After  nouns,  and  relating  to  them,  a  personal  pronoun  is 
sometimes  added  : 
<2o  totetet  Sd)roeben  eble3  23tut,  eg  tft       The  noble  blood  of  so  many  Swedes, 

urn  @oIb  unb  <3tlbcr  ntd)t  (tefloffen.  (it)  has  not  flowed  for  gold  or  silver, 

Unb    bie   Suacnb,  fie   tft   fetn   tcerer       And  Virtue  (it)  is  not  an  empty 

(£d)atl.  sound. 


136  LESSON   25. 

5.  When  the  subjects  of  a  plural  verb  are  of  different  persons, 
the  first  person  is  preferred  to  the  second,  and  the  second  to  the 
third ;  after  nouns  and  pronouns  in  the  singular,  a  plural  pro- 
noun is  employed  referring  to  all  the  preceding  ones  : 

(£r  unb  id)  fafjen  e$.  He  and  I  saw  it. 

£>u  unb  cr  faljet  e$.  Thou  and  he  saw  it. 

£)u,  er  unb  id),  ttnr  fefcen  e3.  Thou,  he  and  I  (we)  see  it. 

6.  The  genitive,  when  referring  to  individuals,  is  often  used 
like  the  French  en  before  numerals  : 

(£r  Ijat  bret  SBriiber  unb  id)      II  a  trois  freres  et  moi      He  has  three  brothers 
Ijak  tljrcr  nur  etnen.  je  rien  ai  qu'un.  and  I  have  only  one. 

7.  Stdj  (9.  6.),  after  a  preposition,  is  often  best  rendered  by 
a  personal  pronoun  : 

£at  er  feine  XCyt  kt  ftd)  ?  Has  he  his  watch  with  him  ? 

8.  ScHlfi,  being  always  used  to  add  emphasis,  may  be  ren- 
dered 1.  by  own,  when  following  a  reflexive  pronoun;  2.  by  a 
compound  personal  pronoun  {myself,  &c),  when  following  an- 
other pronoun  ;  and  3.  otherwise  by ,  even  : 

SBer  fennt  ftd)  f  cl&ft  ?  Who  knows  himself  (one's  own  self)  ? 

2>tdj   fdbfi  lobt  er,  akr  ntdjt  betnett        You  yourself  he  praises,  but  not 

23ruber.  your  brother. 

<ScH)j}  feine  $einbe  ctd)ten  iljn.  Even  his  enemies  esteem  him. 

9.  The  Reflexive  Pronouns,  where  the  meaning  is  obvious, 
are  often  used  instead  of  the  reciprocal  pronoun  etttattber,  and 
sometimes  with  it  : 

@ie  lokn  ftd)  (or  ftd)  etncmber).  They  praise  each  other. 

10.  In  Interrogative  sentences,  Reflexive  and  Personal  Pro- 
nouns, in  the  oblique  cases,  are  often  placed  between  the  verb 
and  the  subject : 

SBte  kfinbet  ftd)  3k  $reunb  ?  How  does  your  friend  do  ? 

Sok  u)n  fetn  Sefyrer  ?  Does  his  teacher  praise  him  ? 


ABSOLUTE   POSSESSIVE    PRONOUNS. 


137 


MUmx  26. 


Lesson  26. 


ABSOLUTE    POSSESSIVE    PRONOUNS. 


SBcifptcIc. 

31)r  Safer  itf  otter,  al3  meiner. 

(£r  tyat  baS  ©einige  getljan. 

3d)  fyalte  ifnt  fur  meine3ajeid)en. 

9itd>r  3^r  Sintenfaf  |>afre  id),  fonbem 

meiner. 
3d)  t)ak  meinc  (Stimme  f)6ren  laffen, 

laffen  (Sie  tie  3!w  aud)  pren. 


Examples. 

Your  father  is  older  than  mine. 

He  has  done  his  part. 

I  consider  him  my  equal. 

I    have    not    your    inkstand,    but 

mine. 
1  have  let  my  voice  be  heard,  let 

yours  be  heard  too. 


SBortMierjeidjnij). 

$CT  9lmerifa'ner,  -3,  pi.  -,  American. 

Der  33aumeifter,  -3,  pi.  -,  architect. 

Der  33efef)l',  -3,  pi.  -e,  command. 

Der  Sejug',  -3,  pi.  -juge,  relation. 

Der  getter,  -$,  pi.  -,  fault  (failure).    . 

Der  ^leip,  -«3,  diligence,  industry. 

Der  9?eid)tfwm,  -3,  pi.  -turner,  wealth 
(riches). 

Der  SRfifcfatf,  -c3,  pi.  -fdcfe,  traveling- 
bag. 

Der  2Bibcrroiffc,  -n3,  repugnance. 

$ie  SMlligfcir,  -,  equity,  justness. 

Die  (Sigenfceit,  -,  pi.  -en,  peculiarity. 

Die  (£ifem><u)n,  -  pi.  -en,  railroad  (iron- 
way). 

Die  (£tfenbat)nfarte,  -,  pi.  -n,  railroad- 
map. 

Die  fylotc,  -,  pi.  -en,  flute. 

Die  ©eburt',  -,  pi.  -en,  birth.    t=th. 

Die  Cmnigfcit,  -,  lieartiness. 

^k  flretbe,  -,  chalk.  .  - 

Die  .ftenntnip,  -,  pi.  -c,  knowledge. 

Die  ^artet',  -,  pi.  -en,  party. 

Die  3>flid)t,  -,  pi.  -en,  duty,  plight. 


Vocabulary. 

$tt$  9?otenbud),  -e3,  pi.  -budjer,  music 
(music-book). 

DaS  9ted;r,  -e$,  right.   dj  =  gh;  c=i. 

Da3  Sintenfafj,  -e$,  pi.  -fdffer,  ink- 
stand. 

DaS  SBeltmeer,  -3,  pi.  -e,  ocean. 

Da3  SBiJrterbud),  -e8,  pi.  -budjer,  dic- 
tionary. 

Dage'gen,  in  regard  to,  against  it. 

$ef)len,  to  fail,    c  =  ai. 

®tfXb?li$,  dangerous. 

(Befefctf,  steady,  settled. 

©cirob'nen,  accustom,  wean.    i)  =  ea. 

£angen,  to  hang,  cling. 

tf  emten,  know  (ken). 

laffen,  to  let.    ff  =  t ;  a  =  e. 

l*eiben,  to  suffer. 

Sflipfat'len,  to  displease. 

•Banft,  soft,  tender,    a  =  O. 

©elicit,  shall,    f  =  sh ;  0  =  a. 

ttnwitlfufjrlirf),  involuntary. 

©ergel'tcn,  to  repay. 

2targeffen#  to  forget,   u  =  f ;  c  =  o. 

SSerlan'gen,  to  demand. 


138  LESSON    26. 

$ihtf  unb  fiinfjtgfte  tofgalie. 

1.  9ftein  SReifefarf  ijl  fcfytuerer,  aid  %$xzx  (or  bet?  3§xt,  or  ber 
3t)rigc).  2.  3^  Sftetfefacf  ift  leister,  aid  mciner  (or  ber  metne,  or 
ber  meinige).  3,  35t  SBorterbudj  ift  bejfer,  aid  meitted  (or  bag 
metne,  or  bad  meintgc).  4.  $5er  53aumeifter  fyat  fein  Sintenfag 
unb  bad  meinige.  5.  3ebermann  fyat  $et)ler  unb  (Stgenfyeiten  ;  rcir 
tmben  bie  unfrigett,  bu  fyaft  bie  beintgen,  er  fyat  bte  fetnigen,  fte  t)at 
bie  ifyrtgett.  6.  ©ifc  nie  23efebt  in  eined  Slnbern  £aufe,  unb  ge= 
nxHute  bid),  bcin  ©rob  an  betnem  etgenen  $tfd)e  ju  effen.  7.  33it= 
liajett  ift  einc  fd)one,  aber  feltne  Jugenb.  8.  Oft  fefyten  bie  fanf* 
teften  £erjen  am  meiften  bagegen.  9,  SBeii  fte  nut  £reue  unb 
^nntgfeit  an  ber  leibenben  garret  fyangen,  tierurfad)t  tfynen,  \va$ 
bagcgcn  ift,  einen  umtntIfiU)rlid)en  SStbernuIleit.  10,  T)a$  SBett* 
meer  ift  uuifdjen  mtr  unb  ben  SOieinigen.  11.  3d)  ^be  meine  giote 
unb  bie  3t>rigef  mein  ^otenbud)  unb  bad  3$tige^  12.  Die  meiften 
sT»iettfd)en  serlangen  bad  3fyre,  aber  (affen  ntd)t  jebem  2lnbern  bad 
(Seine.  13.  3^ermann  fann  mit  !Hed)t  fagen:  „9Mcbt  3^ermann 
ift  metnedglcid)en  (5.)  (or  meined  ©teicfyen)."  14.  %n  23ecutg  auf 
®eburt,  3fteid)t()um  unb  bergletcfyen  ift  er  meinedgteid)en,  ntd)t  aber 
in  8egug  auf  giei§  nnb  ^enntniffe.  15.  (Sd  fagte  mir  tjeute  9ftorgen 
ein  junger  2(mcriEaner,  toeld)er  sor  ad)t  9Jtonaten  nad)  Dcutfdjlanb 
fam  :  „3i)^  (£tfcnbal)tten  finb  meit  rocniger  gcfafyrlid),  aid  bie  un* 
frigen."  16.  £ier  gu  Sanbe  ift  fitted  gefe^ter,  aid  bet  und.  17. 
$8a$  (Einem  migfatlt,  gefaUt  oft  bent  $nbern.  18.  SSergilt  nid)t 
Sofcd  mit  336fem.  19.  $£enn  betn  gcinb  feine  $flid)t  sergejfeu  tyat, 
fo  folgt  baraud  nidjt,  baft  bu  bie  beinige  aud)  pergejfen  fotlft. 

Exercise  5(T. 

1.  Here  are  two  large  railroad-maps ;  are  they  yours  (2.)  or 
mine  1  2.  The  oldest  one  is  mine,  the  other  is  yours,  is  it  not1? 
3.  No,  this  is  not  mine,  for  mine  is  much  larger  than  this ;  it  is 
still  larger  than  yours.  4.  Your  cousin's  carriage  is  larger  than 
yours,  but  I  like  (13.  8.)  yours  better  than  his,  and  my  own 
pleases  me  still  better  than  yours  does.  5.  I  take  your  diction- 
ary because  mine  is  not  at  home,  and  vours  is  better  than  mine. 
2  /  t  ^      ' 


ABSOLUTE    POSSESSIVE    PRONOUNS. 


139 


6.  My  flute  is  better  than  yo-nrs,  but  yours  is  much  handsomer 
than  mine.  7.  Here  are  your  pencil  and  mine,  your  pen  and 
mine,  your  book  and  mine.  8.  The  architect  has  two  gardens. 
his-- brother  has  but  one,  and  his  son  has  none.  9.  I  do  no 
know  your  faults,  neither  (13.  1.)  do  I  know  my  own.  10.  The 
trees  in  our  garden  are  small,  the  trees  in  yours  are  large.  11. 
Have  you  my  inkstand  or  yours'?  12.  I  have  neither  mine, 
nor  yours  ;  do  you  know  where  mine  is  ?  13  1  have  been  buy- 
ing lead-pencils,  slate-pencils,  chalk,  ink,  and  the  like  (5.).  14. 
This  carriage  is  yours,  is  n't  if?  15.  No,  it  is  not  mine  ;  I  do 
not  know  to  whom  it  ^belongs.  16.  This  boy  has  a  knife  for 
you,  but  none  (6.)  for  me.  17.  I  have  had'  one,  but  I  have 
lost  it.      18.  I  am  not  writing  with  your  pen,  but  with  mine. 

19.  I  learn  less  in  two  days  than  he   does   (13.  4.)  in  one. 

20.  "Our  railroads  are  more  dangerous  than  yours,"  said  an 
American  to  a  German. 


)t 


©rammattfdjcS. 


Grammatical. 


1.  A  Possessive  Pronoun,  when  used  with  a  noun  or  an 
adjective,  is  conjunctive  possessive;  when  used  alone,  absolute 
possessive  : 

SReut  23ucf)  iff  neu,  fetneS  tfi  alt.        My  book  is  new,  his  is  old. 

2.  Absolute  Possessive  Pronouns  have  three  forms  which 
are  used  indiscriminately.  The  first  form  is  declined  like  btcfct 
(14.  1.)  ;  the  second   and  third  forms,  like  an  adjective  of  the 

New  Declension  (20.  2.)  : 

Singular.  Plural. 

Feminine.      Neuter.         All  Genders. 
metne,  meineS,  metne. 

bie  metne,       ba£  metne,      bte  metnen. 
bte  meinige,    ba3  meinige,   b;e  meinigen* 

ifjre,  i&rea,  I  tyre. 

bte  ifjre,  ba$  i^re,         bte  tfirett. 

bte  ifyrige,       ba<3  tljrige,    |  bte  ifyrigen. 


mine, 


Masculine. 
meiner, 
ber  mcinc, 
ber  meinige, 


hers, 
theirs, 


iftrcr, 
ber  ifyre, 
ber  tl)rige, 

Sfjr  33ud)  ift  neu,  merae$  (or  ba<3  meine, 
or  ba$  meinige)  ift  alt. 


Your  book  is  new,  mine  is  old. 


140  LESSON    26. 

3.  The  Possessive  Pronoun  tljr,  when  used  predicatively, 
takes  the  gender-endings ;  other  possessive  pronouns  thus  used 
take  the  gender-endings  only  when  the  grammatical  subject  is 
t£  and  the  logical  subject  is  not  a  neuter  noun  : 

2Bem  gefyoren  ber  £ut,  btc  Sttiifce  unb  ba3  23anb  ? 

2*i  $«t  ift  mets,       or  (£3  ift  metner. 

£te  5flufce  fji  mein,    or  (£$  ifl  meine. 

S5ad  23anb  ift  mem,   or  (£3  ifl:  metne0  (or  metn), 

2>emt  Detn  ifl  baa  ditid)  unb  tie  $raft. 

4.  A  Possessive  Pronoun,  used  substantively,  often  denotes 
one's  family  or  subordinates,  and  in  the  neuter,  one's  property 
or  obligation  : 

Sftorgen  felje  idj  bie  meinen  (or  bie  mei=  To-morrow  I  shall  see  mine  (or  my 

ntgen)  ttriebcr.  family)  again. 

3eber  »er!anott'  ba<S  feme  (or  fctntge).    '  Every  one  desires  his  own. 

Garbinal',  idb,  haht  ba3  mcinigc  getijan ;  Cardinal,  I  have  done  my  duty  (I 

tfyun  ^Sie  ba<3  3ljre !  have  done  mine) ;  do  yours  ! 

5.  The  Genitive  singular  mctttcS,  betltel,  f  eme£,  tljrcS,  of  the 

Possessive  Pronouns,  and  the  Genitive  plural  fccr,  of  the  Definite 
Article,  are  often  prefixed  to  the  indeclinable  gfcttfjCU  ;  some- 
times g(etd)C1t  stands  apart,  and  then  begins  with  a  capital : 

2Ber  in  bcm  Somite'  ift  meine3gteid)en  ?  Who  in  the  committee  is  my  equal? 
2)a3  Sejle  babet  ift,  ber  $erl  halt  <3ie       The  best  thing  about  it  is,  the  fel- 

fiir  feineS  ©leid)en.  low  takes  you  for  his  peer. 

3Roit  mug  bergteickn  $f)aten  fjinterfjer       One  should  not  afterwards  view  the 

md)t  fo  befcfyauen.  like  deeds  so  critically. 

6.  (&in  and  $cttt,  when  used  substantively,  take  gender- 
endings,  and  are  declined  like  btcfet.  In  the  neuter  the  e  is 
frequently  dropped  ;  thus,  (£m§  for  @incS,'&etn£  for  ^CtltCg  : 

@iner  fcgeljrt,  »ad  ben  Slnbern  kfd)tt)ert.       One  desires  what  annoys  another. 
3d)  haht  gn>ei  23itd)er,  er  Ijat  (£tn$  unb       I  have  two  books,  he  has  one,  and 
fie  hat  $ein$.  she  has  none. 

7.  (£ut,  when  preceded  by  the  definite  article,  is  declined  like 
an  adjective  of  the  New  Declension  : 

2)cr  Sine  begeljrt,  road  ben  Slnbern  be*       (The)  one  desires  what  annoys  the 
fd)»ert.  other. 

l 


RELATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


141 


Mi'mt  27. 


Lesson  27. 


RELATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


$etfj)icfc. 

Gin  .ftinb,  beffen  ©Item  gejlorben  ftnb, 

bei§t  eine  SBcufe. 
£>a3  ©ebaube,  in  beffen  ©dlen  rotr  unS 

fo  oft  begegnen,  ift  ein  2ftufe'um. 
SBaS  fur  23eeren  roaren  e$,  bte  Wtr  fyeute 

feint  9ttittageffen  fatten  ? 
£)ie  rotten  roarcn  Srbbeeren;   ttrie  bie 

fc^warjen  $u$m,  toetg  id)  nid)t. 
3d)  glaube  nidjt  2We3,  n>a$  man  mir 

fftgt. 


Examples. 


A  child  whose  parents  are  dead  is 

called  an  orphan.  _ 
The  building  in  whose  halls  we  have 

met  so  often  is  a  museum. 
What  kind  of  berries  were  they  (was 

it)  that  we  had  at  dinner  to-day  ? 

The  red  ones  were  strawberries  ;  the 

name  of  the  black  ones,  I  don't  know. 

I  do  not  believe  everything  that  is 

told 'me. 


SSortcrbcrjetdjmfe. 

$er  (Sngfanber,  -3,  pi.  -,  Englishman. 

SDtr  3ungling,  ~3,  pi.  -e,  young  man. 

T>cx  $unftler,  -3,  pi.  -,  artist. 

5Dtt  ^uitbema'tifer,  -$,  pi.  -,  mathema- 
tician. 

£)er  sparf,  -e<3,  pi.  -e,  park. 

$tC  Slufmerffamfeit,  -  pi.  -en,  atten- 
tion.   . 

£>ie  flrctft,  -  pi.  flrafte,  power  (crafts- 
Die  ©timme,  -,  pi.  -n,  voice. 

Die  SBaife,  -  pi.  -n,  orphan.  - 

Die  SBafdjerin,  -  pi.  -nen,  washer- 
woman. 

$ttg  ©iicbergejM,  -4,  pi.  -e,  book- 
shelves. 


Vocabulary. 

Da3  $ernrofn',  -4,  pi.  -rc6re,  telescope. 

SBcbau'crn,  to  regret,  pity. 

53ef)err'fd)cn,  to  rule,  govern. 

Scnum'bern,  admire,  wonder  at. 

(SnoUfcb,  English. 

ga^'Wtt,  ride,  drive  (fare). 

$ranjo'fifd),  French. 

©an$,  completely. 

©ewin'nen,  win.    gc  =  — .    p.  27. 

Sufltoanbetn,  to  promenade. 

9JMeu)en,  rent,  hire. 

5ftitgebrad)t,  brought  with. 

2Bagen,  risk,  wage.    p.  26. 

2Babr,  true. 

,3ei(,  Zeil  (name  of  a  street). 


(SicBcii  unb  funfjtgfte  tofgatie. 

1.  £)er  Warm,  wefdjen  (or  ben)  »tr  befnefyen,  ifl  eirt  ^rofeffor 
an  ber  Unberfttat  in  ipeibelberg.  2.  2)er  9ftann,  rcetcfyer  (or  ber) 
nno  befucfyt,  ift  nnfer  ©rog&ater.  3.  £)cr  <3d)  titer,  beffen  2luf- 
merffamtett  nnb  glei£  <Ste  benmnbern,  ift  eine  2$atfe.    4.   £err 


142  LESSON    27. 

9Jiarttn,  in  beffen  £anfe  te\x  ftjo^new,  ift  cm  StunftUx.  o-  Die 
Seute,  in  beren  ^Irdften  e3  nid>t  ftefyt,  fid)  felbft  gn  bcfyerrfcfycn,  ftnb 
ju  bebanern  (10.  5.).  6.  Der  $arf,  anf  beffen  fcfyattigen  SBegen 
nur  Inftmanbeln,  gei)6rt  bem  $cnig.  7.  Der  ©olbat,  son  roelcfyem 
©ie  fpred)en,  ift  fetyr  mntfyig.  8.  Die  gran,  bie  roir  fetjen,  ift  eine 
SBafdjerin.  9.  Die  ©angerin,  beren  ©timme  fo  reijenb  ift,  ift  eine 
<5dnvcbin.  10.  Die  £eute,  tuelcfye  (or  bie)  ©te  bort  fet)en,  finb  bie 
$iinft(er,  bie  *>or  ciniger  3eit  fyier  maren.  11,  3ft  btefe$  bag  ®e* 
bid)t,  baet  <Sie  mir  gcbrad)t  (11,  8.)  fyafon*  12.  9?ein,  ba$  ©ebid)t, 
t>a^  ic^  3fynen  mitgcbradjt  ^abe,  Uegt  bort  anf  bem  23nd)ergeftet(. 
13.  $3o  ift  ber  9)?att)emarifer,  ber  geftern  fyier  roar?  14.  Der 
■iDiatfyemattfer,  ber  geftern  fyier  ivar,  tft  fyente  in  bie  ©tabt  gefal)ren 
(11.  7.),  nm  (10.  7.)  ein  gernrofyr  jn  fanfen.  15.  2Bas  fyahtn 
fie  gefungen?  16.  3$  $aU  nid)t  gefyorr,  »a$  fie  gefnngen  fyabtn. 
17.  3n  roejfen  £anfe  fyat  bie  Snglanberin,  granlein  9Manb,  ge* 
tooljnt  ?  18.  3$  weijj  nid)t,  tteffen  £an3  fie  gemietfyet  fyattt ;  fie 
rcofynt  je|3t  in  bem  ^paufe  be3  £errn  S3o^Icr,  Summer  6,  ^dl  in 
granffnrt.  19.  Die  gran,  beren  23ud)  ©ie  lefen,  fpricfyt  nid)t  nnr 
englifd),  fonbern  and)  frait3oftfdj.  20.  2$a$  fyat  ber  3itngUng 
gefagt?  21.  2Ba$  er  gefagt  tyat,  ift  ttafyr.  22.  $3er  9H<fet$  tuagt, 
geunnnt  9tid)ts.  23.  9flan  glanbt  leicfyt,  n?a3  man  fyofft  nnb 
nmnfdjt. 

Exercise  58. 

1.  Is  the  man  who  is  visiting  us  a  friend  of  yours?  2.  He 
is  a  friend  of  my  brother  who  is  in  Coblentz.  3.  The  lady 
whose  (3.)  voice  is  so  much  admired  is  a' German.  4.  The  art- 
ist whose  painting  we  so  admire  is  a  German.  5.  The  German 
whom  we  have  just  seen  is  a  brother  of  my  friend  who  visited 
me  last  week.  6.  The  artists  who  were  here  a  few  dap*  ago 
will  be  here  day  after  to-morrow.  7.  The  gentleman  whose 
paintings  we  have  seen  is  a  great  artist.  8.  I  do  not. believe 
what  wre  have  just  heard.  9.  The  scholars  whose  parents  were 
here  yesterday  are  going  home  to-morrow.  10.  In  whose  house 
does  Professor  Lind  reside  ]     11.   I  do  not  know  in  whose  house 


RELATIVE   PRONOUNS.  143 

he  lives.  12.  The  man  in  whose  house  he  resides  lives  in  the 
city.  13.  The  song  that  this  lady  has  just  sung  does  not 
please  me.       14.  What  you  have  told  us  is  not  at  all  probable. 

15.  The  house  that  you  have  rented  is  a  very  pleasant  one. 

16.  Do  not  believe  all  (5.)  that  you  hear.  17.  Not  all  are  con- 
tented who  have  all  that  money  can  buy.  18.  He  is  proud  that 
he  has  learned  so  much.  19.  That  (15.  8.)  he  has  learned  so 
little,  troubles  his  parents.  20.  All  that  one  can  learn  is  very 
little.  W§1.  I  who  (4.)  speak  and  you  who  hear  are  in  equal 
damger.  z^/*^, 

©rommaftf^cg.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Relative  Pronouns  are  tocldjer,  foeldjc,  toeldjeS;  ber, 
tlie,  bill,  and  the  indeclinable  and  nearly  obsolete  ffl.  $er, 
fcte,  bllS  is  declined  as  follows : 

Singular.  Plural. 

Neut.  All  Genders. 

ba§,        bie,        who,  which,  that. 

beffen,     beren,     whose,  of  which,  of  that. 

bem,       benen,    to,  for  whom,  to,  for  which. 

ba3,        bie,        whom,  which,  that. 

2.  $Ct  as  relative  is  never  used  with  a  nonn  ;  the  genitive  of 
toeld)er,  never  without  a  noun.  23Bcld)er  is  declined  like  btefer 
(14.  1.)  and  the  other  gender-ending  words  : 

(Etnen  Sflenf&en,  h>el(frer  (or  ber)  fHefyft,  A    man    who    steals   is    called    a 

nennt  man  etnen  DteK  thief. 

2)er  odjiiler,  fccffeit  (not  ttel<$e3)  33ud)  The  scholar  whose  book  you  have 

<3tc  fyaben,  ift  fefyr  fleifjtg.  is  very  diligent. 

Die  (5d)iiierin,  beren  (not  welder)  Slet*  The  scholar  (female)  whose  pencil 

ftift  <3ie  fyakn,  ill  febr  aufmcrffam.  you  have  is  very  attentive. 

3.  A  relative  sentence  often  requires,  as  in  English,  to  be 
placed  between  the  Subject  and  Predicate  of  an  independent  one  : 

Subject  of  Ind.  Sent.        Relative  Sentence.  Predicate  of  lnd.  Sent. 

£>er  Sftann,  n>e(d)er  gefiern  ba  war,  ift  heute  fyter. 

£er  Sflann,  ber  fjeute  fuer  iji,  roar  geftcrn  ba. 


Masc. 

Fern. 

Norn,  ber, 

bie, 

Gen.    beffen, 

beren, 

Bat.    bem, 

ber, 

Ace.    ben, 

bie, 

144 


LESSON    28. 


4.  When  the  antecedent  is  in  the  first  or  second  person,  the 
verb  agrees  with  the  relative  in  the  third,  or  a  personal  pronoun 
is  used  after  the  relative  : 


2Ba3  fann  id)  tljun,  ber  fetber  IjitljToS 

W  ! 

T>a$  tr»if7en  h>ir,  bie  txur  tie  ©emfen 
jagen. 


What   can   I    do,  who  myself  am 

helpless  ? 
That  we  know,  who  hunt  the  cha- 
mois. 


5.  835tt§  is  used  after  a  neuter  antecedent  not  referring  to  a 
previously  expressed  noun  : 

9lflc3,  toa§  ijt  unb  gefdjtetjt,  geprt  gu       Everything  that  exists  and  occurs 
einem  9)lan;  son  bem  rotr  9Ud)t3  »a>  belongs  to  a  plan  of  which  we 

ftel)1n.  understand  nothing. 

6.  In  relative  sentences,  the  auxiliary  is  often  omitted  : 

£)en  (Spdfjer,  ben  bu  auSgefenbet  (f)ajt),       The  explorer  whom  you  have  sent 
-£>err,  erMicf  id)  ttteberfefjrenb.  out,  sir,  I  see  returning. 

7.  23Ser  and  foa3  are  sometimes   employed,  though  rarely, 
except  in  colloquial  language,  as  follows  : 


Stefj  aud)  bie  etr/ge  $forte  ttcn  juriicf, 

er  fd)tt>iege. 
SScr  mit  end)  roanberte ! 
Stt,  tticr  nur  fetbji  toad  ptte ! 
SKan  bringt  an*  ttlttg. 
SBalsagtbasaSolf? 


Even  should  the  eternal  gate  let  one 

return,  he  would  be  silent. 
If  I  could  but  journey  with  you  ! 
Yes,  if  one  only  had  anything  one's  self ! 
They  are  bringing  us  something. 
Why  does  the  nation  despair  ? 


£- 


Mtion  28. 


Lesson  28. 


DETERMINATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


Scttyiele. 

SMefer  ftnabt  ijt  berjemge,  ber  (or  roet* 
d)er)  baS  (Mb  tyatte,  son  bent  »tr 
fpradjen. 

Stfeht,  er  ijt  ntdjt  berfelfce. 

Unfere  SSefannten  ftnb  Ijier;  ^aUn  fie 
biefelkn  fd)on  gefeljen? 

2Ba3  mad)en  @ic  nttt  ber  $eber  ? 

3d)  fd)retbe  mit  berfelkn. 


Examples. 

This  boy  is  the  one  that  (or  who) 

had    the   money 

speaking  of. 
No,  he  is  not  the  same  one. 
Our  acquaintances  are  here 

you  seen  them  yet  ? 
"What  are  you  doing  with  the  pen  ? 
I  am  writing  with  it. 


that    we    were 


have 


DETERMINATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


145 


SSortertierjct^ttt^. 

2kt  ^ebcrbalter,  -$,  pi.  -,  pen-holder. 
£>er  ®elebr'te,  -n,  pi.  -n,  learned  (man)r 
$5er  9flttf;l)iiler,  -3,  pi.  -,  school-fellow. 
£>er  $mfel,  -3,  pi.  -  brush  ;  pencil. 
®er  <Sd)Htten,  -$,  pi.  -  sled.    fdj  =  s. 
Dct  SSerwanb'te,  -n,  pi.  -it,  relation. 
$te  (Sramma'nf,  -,  pi.  -en,  grammar. 
2>ie  £iitte,  -  pi.  -n,  hut.    it  =  u. 
$U8  Sluge,  -4,  pi.  -it,  eye.    fl  =  y. 
£)a3  $anm'd)en,  -3,  pi.  -,  rabbit. 
£>a3  Dfjr,  -e3,  pi.  -en,  ear.    o  =  ea. 
Sfotfmcrffam,  attentive. 


Vocabulary. 

Sefra'gen,  to  ask,  interrogate. 

93erid)'ten,  to  report. 

Slinb,  blind. 

©efunb',  healthy,  sound,    gc  =  — . 

£tilfIo3,  helpless,    f  =  p ;  0  =  e. 

Drbentlidt,  orderly,  regular. 

$RebUd),  honest. 

(Stumm,  dumb. 

£aub,  deaf,  t  =  d ;  au  =  ea ;  h  =  f. 

Saubfhtmm,  deaf  and  dumb. 

Skrfcben'fen,  to  give  away. 

2$orljer,  before,  previously. 


Wtitn  ttttb  fihtfitgfie  tofpfic. 

1.  £)erjentge  tft  ntd)t  gut,  weldjer  nidjt  reblidj  tft  (or  berjemge, 
n?eld)er  nid)t  rebltd)  tft,  tft  nid)t  gut).  2.  ©enienigen,  ber  (27.  1.) 
ntd)t  t)6rcn  fann,  nennt  man  taub.  3.  (Sin  fo(d)er  (20.  8.),  tier 
tttdjt  fpredjen  !ann,  tft  (hi  mm.  4.  (Siner,  ber  meber  fyorcn,  nod) 
fprecfyen  lann,  (jetfjt  ein  £aubftummer.  5.  2Ber  ntd)t  fefyen  faun, 
tft  bltnb.  6.  Derlettige,  ber  bltnb  tft,  tft  nod)  tyiilflofcr,  aU  ber  (3.), 
toclcfyer  ntd)t  fprcd)cn  fann.  7.  9ftand)er  9ftenfd),  beffen  2(ugen  unb 
Dfyren  gefunb  ftnb,  tft  foiilflofer,  al$  manner  ©tumme  obcr  33(tnbe. 
8.  3d)  glaubc,  ma3  er  fagt ;  er  fagt  baSfelbe,  roa3  fctne  sJftitfd)iifer 
gefagt  fyaben.  9.  £>tefe6  tft  btefclbe  ($rammatif,  bte  id)  geftern 
batte.  10.  £)erfelbe  ©elefjrtc,  ber  un3  geftern  befud)te,  tft  fyute 
nuebcr  Jjter.  11.  Unfcre  greunbe  ftnb  fd)on  fyter ;  tjaben  @te  bte* 
felben  (or  fte)  gefefyen  ?  12.  21  (leg,  n>a3  er  un3  bertd)tcte,  t>atte  id) 
fd)on  lange  sorter  geijort.  13.  £)te  gefyrer  toben  bte  <3d)ii(er,  mil 
btcfetben  aufmerffam,  flcijjtg  unb  orbentltd)  ftnb.  14.  Sterna nb 
uon  metnen  23efannren  unb  23envanbten,  ben  idj  befragte,  ftatte 
unfer  $ferb  gefeljen.  15.  3d)  fefee  bie  genfter  biefer  £iitte,  aber 
nid)t  bte  X()iire  berfelben.  16.  3d)  fyabt  metn  ,ftamnd)en  unb  ba£ 
tnetnes  SBruberS  fcerfdjenft.  17.  ^ijv  &&)titten  unb  ber  beg  $auf- 
manns  ftnb  fyier.  18.  ©tefer  $eber()dtcr  unb  ber  be3  <3d)itfer£  ift 
(25.  1.)  fyier.  19.  $ahm  ©ic  Sfyxm  $infel,  ober  metnen? 
11 


/ 


146 


'Xt^O , 


LESSON    28. 


Exercise  60. 

1.  I  understand  all  that  (27.  5.)  he  has  told  me.  2.  We 
have  seen  the  same  people  to-day,  who  (27.  1.)  w,ere^at  our 
house  (12.  7.)  yesterday.  3.  Not  all  who  are  blind  are  help- 
less. 4.  Many  a  man  who  is  strong  is  more  helpless  than 
many  a  one  (13.  10.)  who  is  weak.  5.  This  horse  is  better  than 
that  (3.)  of  the  painter.  6.  Such  as  (7.)  cannot  see  are  called 
blind.  7.  The  book  that  I  am  reading  belongs  to  a  friend  of 
yours  (12.  7.).  8.  The  people  of  whom  you  are  speaking  are 
neighbors  of  mine.  9.  The  pencil  with  which  I  am  writing  is  very 
hard.  10.  My  carriage  is  larger  than  that  of  my  brother.  11. 
Have  you  your  carriage  or  that  of  your  neighbor  1  12.  I  have 
my  neighbor's.  13.  Those  who  cannot  hear  are  called  deaf. 
14.  Those  who  were  always  deaf  cannot  speak.  15.  He  who  is 
not  industrious  is  generally  discontented.  16.  Do  you  know 
who  it  was  that  visited  us  yesterday  1  17.  I  know  it  was  a  man 
whom  I  have  often  seen,  but  I  do  not  know  his  name.  18.  The 
teachers  praise  the  scholars,  because  they  are  so  diligent.  19. 
Do  not  forget  what  you  have  just  heard.  20.  Where  is  your 
pen-holder  and  that  of  your  friend  1  21.  I  do  not  know  where 
my  pen-holder  is,  but  I  know  where  that  of  my  friend  is. 


i&vammattffycs. 


Grammatical 


1.  The  Determinative  Pronouns  are  folder,  -e,  -e§,  ttn 
fettle  and  bcrjemjJC.     Of  these  compounds  -fclbc  and  -JCtttgC 

(jenev  -f-  ig)  are  inflected  like  adjectives  preceded  by  a  gender- 
ending  word  : 

Singular. 

Feminine. 


Masculine. 

Nom.  berjenige, 

Gen.  berjentgen, 

Bat.  bemjentgen, 

Ace.  benjenigen, 


btejenige, 
berjentgen, 
berjentgen, 
btejenige, 


Neuter. 

baSjentge. 
berjentgen. 
bemjentgen. 
baSjemge. 


Plural. 

All  Genders. 

btejentgen. 
berjentgen. 
benjenigen, 
btejentgen. 


DETERMINATIVE    PRONOUNS.  147 

2.  ^erjCtUJJC  is  followed  by  a  relative  pronoun,  and  is 
variously  rendered  he,  she,   that,  the  one,  those,  &c. : 

2)erjemge,  ber  ftolj  tfi,  i|t  tt)5rid)t.  He  who  is  proud,  is  foolish.  - 

SDfcjemgen,  tt>eld)e  nadUdfftg  (tub,  fi3n^  Those  who   are    negligent    cannot 

nen  unmogltd)  »iel  Ierncn.  possibly  learn  much. 

$ermetbe  benjentgen  3Jtomt,  ber  Iad)elt,  Avoid  that  man  who  smiles  when 

tt>enn  er  jorntg  \%  he  is  angry. 

3.  For  berjentfle  bet  is  often  substituted,  in  which  use,  with 
nouns,  it  has  the  declension  of  the  article  ;  without  a  noun,  it 
has  the  declension  of  the  relative  ber,  except  that  the  genitive 
plural  is  bmr  : 

Die,  t»eld)e  (or  bte)  bie  SBafjrfjeit  ntdjt  Those  who  do  not  love  the  truth 
Itefien,  finb  md)t  juttcrlafftg.  are  not  reliable.— 

SBte  traurig  ijl  bad  £ood  berer,  beren  How  sad  is  the  lot  of  those  whose 
$reuben  imb  £offnungen  fid)  auf  bte*  joys  and  hopes  are  limited  (limit 

fed  Seben  befd)ranfen !  themselves)  to  this  life  ! 

4.  When  a  subordinate  sentence  beginning  with  focr  or  toa§ 
precedes  an  independent  one,  the  latter  is  often  introduced  by 
the  determinative  pronouns  bet  or  bttl  : 

SBcr  ntd)t  fyoren  ttnfl,  ber  mup  fufylett.  He  who  will  not  hear,  must  feel. 

23ad  bu  fjeute  t&un  fannji,  bad  »erfd)te&e  What  you  can  do  to-day,  (that)  do 
ntd)t  auf  morgen.  n°t  postpone  till  to-morrow. 

5.  29Bcr  and  tt)tt§,  like  wAo  and  what  in  English,  are  often 
used  with  the  force  of  relative  and  determinative  pronouns  : 
SBer  metnen  ©eutel  jriefilt,  fHeflft  £anb.        Who  steals  my  purse,  steals  trash. 
Sad  er  gefagt  W,  ift  md)t  ttafyr.  What  he  has  said  is  not  true. 
£oppe(t  gtbt  (berjenige,  ttelcber),  toer       Doubly  gives   (he)   who  promptly 

gletd)  gtbt  (badjentgc,  tt>eld)ed),  Wad  gives  what  ^that  which)  is  wished 

man  nmnfdjt  unb  liefct.  and  loved. 

6.  ^crfclBc  is  sometimes  substituted  for  personal  pronouns  : 

1.  After  a  preposition,  when  the  pronoun  does  not  refer  to  a  person  : 

(£r  l)at  meine  $eber  unb  fd)tetf)t  mtt  ber-  He  has  my  pen  and  writes  with  it 
felfcen  (or  bamtt).  (with  the  same  or  therewith). 

2.  To  avoid  ambiguity  or  repetition  : 

IDicfc  £eute  finb  unfere  9kd)barn,  fennen  These  people  are  our  neighbors  ;  do 
Sie  biefelben  (fennen  <3ie  fie)  ?  you  know  them  (the  same)  ? 

Gr  lofet  ben  tfnafcen,  ftett  berfelfce  feme  He  praises  the  boy  because  he  (the 
Gutter  et)rt.  same)  honors  his  mother. 


148 


LESSON    29. 


7.  S-Oldjn*    is   frequently   followed   by  a   relative  pronoun, 
which  in  this  position  is  rendered  by  as  : 

%$  lefe  nur  foidjje  23itd)er,  tie  lefyrreid)       I  read  only  such  books,  as  (which) 

fmb.  are  instructive.  — 

®tfc  ed  ©oldjen,  ix>eld>e  e3  serbtenen.  Give  it  to  such  as  deserve  it. 

8.  3u(ff)Cr    is    sometimes    substituted   for  a  demonstrative 
or  a  personal  pronoun  : 


Die  ©dmefltgfcit,  mit  ber  (5old)e3  au$* 
gefitfjrt  »or,  Itcfl  bem  ^einbe  feme 
3eit,  e3  gu  serfytnbern. 

SSftcm  kftraft  bie  Seller  an  ben  $tnbern, 
bamit  fie  foldje  nic^t  tmebcr  kgeben. 


The  rapidity  with  which  this  (such) 
was  executed,  did  not  leave  the 
foe  time  to  prevent  it. 

One  punishes  the  faults  of  the  chil- 
dren, that  they  may  not  commit 
them  again. 


9.  A  pjonoun,  to  which  a  relative  refers,  may  sometimes  fol- 
low the  relative  or  be  entirely  omitted,  but  the  relative  is  never, 
as  in  English,  omitted  :  \ 


Die  er  gemefjrt  Ijat,    mijgen   urn   i(m 

rcetnen. 
Die  e$  genoffen  Ija&en,  benen   ijl   e§ 

tfyeuer. 
3d)   fd)dme   mid)   ber  SRoUt,   bte  td) 

fpiett\ 


(Those)    that    he    has   aggrandized 

may  weep  for  him. 
To  those  who   have  enjoyed   it,  it 

is  dear. 
I   shame   me  of  the  part   (that)  I 

played. 


fiefttfltt  29.  Lesson  29. 

//     DEMONSTRATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


Setfjnele. 

DiefeS  23ud)  tfl  ntd)t  baSjenige,  rod$c$ 

id)  bet  ifjm  beftettt  I)ak. 
Da3  ftnb  ntd)t  bte  $ferbe,  ttetdje  (or  bte) 

er  roitnfdjt. 
Die  Ceute,  beren  £aufer  afcgeBrannt  ftnb, 

Bauen  neue. 
DiefeS  SRaftr'mcffcr  ift  ftyarfer,  aU  baS 

be3  Mariners'. 


Examples. 

This  hook  is  not  the  one  which  I 
have  ordered  from  him. 

Those  are  not  the  horses  which  (or 
that)  he  wishes. 

The  people  whose  houses  are  burned 
are  building  new  ones. 

This  razor  is  sharper  than  the  bar- 
ber's (that  of  the  barber). 


DEMONSTRATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


H9 


SBbrterfterjeidjnife. 

2>er  Sfrafcr,  -*#  pi.  -  Arabian. 
£>er  SBofyme,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Bohemian. 
£>er  Dieb,  -c*,  pi.  -e,  thief,    fcl  =  th. 
£>er  sperfer,  -3,  pi.  -  Persian. 
£)er  Kilter,  -3,  pi.  -,  judge. 
Dct  ©panter,  -3,  pi.  -,  Spania 
$ie  SSebeutung,  -,  pi.  -en,  meaning. 
$03  2Bort,  -eS,  pi.  Sorter,  word. 
9H>fd)ieb  netymen,  take  leave. 
(£ger,  -$,  Eger. 


Vocabulary. 

$ort,  away  ;  forth,    t  ==  th. 

©ebrcm'djen,  to  use. 

©eMr'ttg,  native  (©dmrt,  birth). 

©liidltd),  happy  (lucky,    fl  =  — ). 

Siefc,  dear  (lief.  6  =  f). 

$rdd)tig,  splendid,  bright.  J)  =  b. 

©tefylcn,  to  steal,    c  =  ea. 

Xrctuen,  trust  (obs.  trow,    all  »  ow) 

Urtertraglid),  intolerable. 

2krfd)te'ben,  several,  different. 


dm  unb  fedjjtgfte  §(ufgaBe. 

1.  £)er  (1.)  ba  unb  id),  »lt  [tub  aus  Sger  gcbttrtig.  2.  SSer  ftnb 
bie  Sente  tort  ?  3.  £)cr  ift  etn  33b'l)me,  biefer  tft  em  Slraber  unb 
jener  bort  ift  etn  $erfer.  4,  "Der  tft  mit  Setb  unb  <See(e  bein, 
5.  £>as  ift  and)  giner,  bem  fte  3U  otel  trauen  ;  9ttura'ba3  nennt  er 
fid),  cin  ©pattiet.  6.  Diefer  'Mann  liebt  fetnen  23ruber,  aber  bcffcn 
.ftinber  finb  U)m  unertraglid).  7.  £>a3  fm*>  mc*ne  5ttd)tet\  8«  £>*« 
bu  bier  fte()ft,  bad  ift  ber  $art  nid)t  me^r,  ber  in  SHfa'Ia  son  bir 
$bfd)ieb  nat)tn.  9.  2Ber  red)t  hanbelt,  ber  ift  aud)  glitd(id)  unb 
gufrieben.  10.  Diefer  2Bagen  ift  prad)tig,  ber  ba  ift  prad)tiger, 
aber  ber  be3  Staufmanni  ift  ber  prad)tigfte,  ben  id)  je  gefcben  (27.  6.). 
11.  Wan  gebrand)t  bad  SSort  „bte"  in  »erfd)iebenen  23ebetttnngen, 
3.  53.  (i.  e.  3um  33eifpiel)  bie  (biefe  or  fene)  finb  bie  (biejenigen),  bie 
(toe(d)e)  bie  ^inber  fucben.  12.  £)iefeS  53ud)  ift  mir  Hcb  ;  met  e$ 
fttefylt,  ber  ift  ein  Dieb.  13.  S3er  ftnb  bie,  bie  eben  f)ier  geroefen 
ftnb  ?  14.  Gs  ftnb  alte  greunbe  s>on  nnS  (12.  7.),  bie  mir  I)eute 
gum  erften  Sflale  (23.  5.)  feit  fiinf  3«bren  gefefyen  baben.  15. 
Stiffen  @ie,  urn  noie^teX  Uijr  (or  um  rocldje  3e*t)  er  gefommen  ift  ? 
16.  3$  roei§,  mamt  er  fort  ging  (11.  8.),  aber  nid)t,  mann  er 
nneber  gefommen  tft. 

Exercise  62. 

-1.  My  house  is  good,  yours  is  better,  and  the  judge's  (that  of 
the  judge)  is  the  best.     2.   Have  the  boys  your  carriage  or  your 


150  LESSON    29. 

father's  1  3.  They  have  neither  his  nor  mine,  but  the  officer's 
(that  of  the  officer).  4.  Those  horses  yonder  are  better  than 
:  these.  5.  Who  are  those  ?  6.  These  are  the  people  who  were  y 
here  day  before  yesterday.  7.  Who  are  the  ladies  with  whom  <^ 
you  were  talking  1  8.  The  one  in  the  carriage  is  my  mother, 
the  other  is  the  wife  of  that  Bohemian  whom  you  see  yonder. 
9.  Those  are  sweet  apples,  these  are  sour  ones.  10.  Tnose  bot- 
tles are  larger  than  these.  11.  Your  carriage  is  better  than 
that  one  yonder.  12.  Mr.  Nagel  loves  his  neighbor,  but  not 
his  (the  neighbor's)  children.  13.  That  book  I  have  often  read. 
14.  Do  you  know  who  that  is?  15.  Are  £nW#  bur  neighbors  ? 
1 6.  No,  tftejr  are  strangers.  1 7.  These  are  my  sheep  and  those 
of  my  neighbor. 

©rammaitfdjcS.  Grammatical. 

1.  $er,  btC,  btt3,  when  emphasized,  supply  as  demonstrative 
pronouns  the  place  of  btcfcr  and  jcitcr  : 

3d)  lobe  ben  9flarm,  ntdjt  btefert.  I  praise  that  man,  not  this  one. 

3d)  lobe  belt  9ftann,  md)t  jenen.  I  praise  this  man,  not  that  one. 

£ttS  33ud)  fjabe  id)  fdjort  gelefen.  This  book  I  have  already  read. 

2Ber  ift  bcr?    $Clt  fertile  id)  ntdjt.         Who  is  that  (or  this)  ?    Him  I  do 

not  know. 

2.  When  the  demonstrative  bcr  is  used  with  a  noun,  it  has 
the  declension  of  the  definite  article  ;  used  substantively,  it 
follows  the  inflection  of  the  relative  bcr  : 

£ett  SWarmem  t)abe  id)  ba3  ®elb  fd)ort  To  those  men  I  have  already  sent 

gefd)tdt.  the  money. 

3ebermatm   toirb   eud)  loben,  ba§  iljr  Everybody  will  praise  you,  that  you 

benett  (i.  e.  the  rulers)  WXt  SRiim*  have  declared  war  (feud)  against 

berg  getyb1  angefunbtgt  Ijabt.  those  of  Nuremberg. 

3.  The  Demonstrative  bcr  may  often  be  best  rendered  by  a 
personal  pronoun  ;  its  genitive,  like  that  of  the  relative  bcr, 
always  precedes  the  governing  noun  : 

gfifjt  eud)  bcr  (that  one)  tterfolgen  ?  Does  he  cause  you  to  be  pursued  ? 

$CC  fd)abet  ntd)t  mer)r,  id)  l)ab'  iljn  er*       He  will  do  no  more  harm,  I  Have 
fd)lagert.  slain  him. 


DEMONSTRATIVE   PRONOUNS.  151 

4.  The  genitives  beffett,  bctttt  are  often  used  (like  the 
French  en)  as  a  substitute  for  a  noun  previously  expressed,  and 
are  sometimes  rendered  by  some,  any,  and  sometimes  do  not 
require  translation  : 

(£r  $at  fctn  ©elb  utefyr,  after  id)  Ija&e       He  has  no  longer  any  money,  but 

beffeit  nod).  I  still  have  some  (of  it). 

3$  Jjcme   feme  SBudjtx,  imb    bit  fyaft       I  have  no  hooks  and  yon  have  (of . 

uCfCtt  ju  Mel.   „  them)  too  many. 

5.  The  forms  beg  and  toefj  (better  beg  and  ft)C§)  for  the 
genitive  bcffcit  and  tOPffcit  frequently  occur,  rhetorically  and  in 
some  proverbial  phrases  : 

(£r  tft  befjtwgen  mem  $emb.  He  is  therefore  my  enemy. 

$e8    riiljme   ber    blufge   Styrann  ftd)       Let  not  the  bloody  tyrant  boast 

tttdjt.  (himself)  of  this. 

SBefe  ba3  £er3  *ott  tft,  be§  geljt  ber       Of  what  the  heart  is  full,  of  that 

Wlunb  itber.  the  mouth  runs  over. 

6.  $tefe3  (often  contracted  to  btCg),  bttg,  jcitc§,  ttffcg,  and 
Meld) el,  as  subjects  of  the  verb  fettt  (like  the  French  ce), 
although  neuter  in  form,  may  refer  to  nouns  of  all  genders  and 
of  both  numbers  : 

£)te3  fmb  uttfere  ^reimbe.  These  are  our  friends. 

SBeriftbaS?  Who  is  that? 

2Be(d)e3  fmb  bte  langftett  9^dd)te  ?  Which  are  the  longest  nights  ? 

©tub  bct3  md)t  Ungarn?  Are  not  those  Hungarians  ? 

9lem,  e3  finb  Socmen.  No,  they  are  Bohemians. 


JBBteberljolttttg.  RecapitulatioiL 

Drei  und  seehzigste  Aufgabe. 

1.  Was  ist  im  (24.  2.)  Wesentlichen  der  Inhalt  der  ersten 
neunzehn  Lektionen  1  2.  Was  lehrt  die  zwanzigste  Lektion  % 
3.  Wie  viele  Arten  von  Deklinationen  der  Adjektive  gibt  es 
(13.  12.)  %  4.  Welches  sind  ihre  Unterschiede  1  5.  Welche 
Endung  im  mannlichen  und  sachlichen  Geschlecht  hat  der 
Genitiv  der  Einzahl  der  Adjektive  in  der  alten  Deklination 
gewohnlicM     6.  Welche  Form  haben  die  Adjektive  der  alten 


152  LESSON    29. 

Deklination  im  Nominativ  der  Mehrzahl  1  7.  Welche  Endung 
haben  sie  in  alien  Casus  und  Geschlechtern,  wenn  (15.  8.)  dm  en 
der  bestimmte  Artikel  vorangeht  1  8.  Wie  bildet  man  den 
Komparativ  und  Sriperlativ  der  Adjektive  1  9.  Welches  ist  die 
Form  des  Superlativs  von  "gross"?  10.  Welche  Adjektive 
ausser  "gross"  haben  einen  unregelmassigen  Komparativ  und 
Superlativ  1  11.  Wie  bildet  man  den  absoluten  Superlative 
12.  Welche  Adjektive  schreibt  man  mit  einem  grossen  Anfangs- 
buchstaben  %  13.  Nenne  einige  von  Adverbien  abgeleitete  Ad- 
jektive !  14.  Was  ist  der  Inhalt  der  drei  und  zwanzigsten  Lek- 
tion ]  15.  Wie  heissen  (6.  5.)  die  vier  Jahreszeiten  im  Deut- 
schen1? 16.  Wie  heissen  die  Monate]  wie  die  Tage  der  Woche1? 
17.  Wie  viele  Arten  von  Zahlwortern  lernen  wir  in  dieser  Lek- 
tion  kennen1?  18.  Welcher  Unterschied  ist  zwischen  "einmal" 
und  "einmal""?  19.  Welche  Prapositionen  regieren  den  Dativ 
und  Akkusativ  1  20.  Nenne  einige  Prapositionen,  die  sich  mit 
dem  bestimmten  Artikel  in  ein  Wort  zusammenfassen  lassen  ! 
21.  Welche  Adverbien  lassen  sich  mit  Prapositionen  zu  einem 
Worte  verbinden  1  22.  Was  lehrt  uns  die  fiinf  und  zwanzigste 
Lektion  ]  23.  Wie  gebraucht  man  "  selbst,"  und  wie  iibersetzt 
man  es]  24.  Wovon  handelt  die  sechs  und  zwaozigste  Lek- 
tion 1  25.  Zu  welcher  Klasse  von  Wbrtern  gehoren  "  der- 
jenige,"  "  derselbe  "  und  "solcher'"?  26.  Was  ist  der  Inhalt 
der  acht  und  zwanzigsten  Lektion  1  27.  Was  lehrt  uns  diese 
(die  neun  und  zwanzigste)  Lektion  ?  28.  Wodurch  unter- 
scheidet  sich  (9.  6.)  die  alte  Conjugation  der  Verben  von  der 
neuen  1  29.  Wie  viele  Verben  der  alten  Conjugation  bilden 
ihr  Prasens,  wie  Verben  der  neuen  1  30.  WTelche  Verben  der 
alten  Conjugation  verandem  ihren  Wrurzelvokal  in  der  zweiten 
und  dritten  Person  des  Prasens  der  Einzahl  in  Is  9  31.  Wie 
viele  Tinregelmassige  Verben  gibt  es  im  Deutschen  %  32. 
Nenne  einige  unregelm'assige  Verben.  33.  Wann  wird  (14.  5.) 
der  Infinitiv  im  Deutschen  durch  das  Partizip  des  Prasens  im 
Englischen  iibersetzt  1  34.  Wie  bildet  man  in  Verben  der 
neuen  Conjugation  das  Partizip  des  Perfekts  !l 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


153 


Mtion  30. 


Lesson  30. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


<Srfie  $raffe. 

Pres.  Inf.         Impcrf.  Per/.  Part. 

Binfcen,  bind ;    feanfc,   gcfmnfcen. 

brtngen,penetrate  ;brang,  gebrllngen. 
finDen,  find  ;  fanb,  gefunben. 
gettngen,  succeed ;  gelang,  gelungen. 
fltngen,  sound ;  flang,  geftttngen. 
ringen,  struggle  ;  rang,  gerltngen. 
fcfrlingen,  wind  ;  fd)lang,  gefd)tungen. 
fd)tt>inben,  disap-  fd)ftttnb,gefd)tt)Unben. 

pear; 
fd)roingen,  swing ;  fd)tt>ang,gefd)ir>ungen. 
fingen,  sing ;         fang,     gefungen. 
ftnfen,  sink ;         funf,      gefunfen. 
fpringen,  spring ;  fprttng,  gefprllngen. 
ftinfcn,  stink  ;       ftanf,     gefUtnfen. 
trinfcn,  drink ;     tranf,     getrltnfen.  • 
ttinben,  wind  ;     roanb,    gerottnben. 
jttHitgen,  compel ;  srotlng,    gejrcungen. 
6e0inncnfbegin;6c0ttnnf  ficgonncn. 
geroinncn,  win  ;    gctt>ann,  geroonnen. 
rinnen,  run ;        rann,      geronnen. 
fd)wimmen,swim;fd)roamm,gefd)roommen 
fhncn,meditate ;  fann,       gefonnen. 
fptnnen,  spin ;     fpann,      gefponnen. 


First  Class. 

Pres.  Inf. 

Impcrf .  Perf.Part. 

6efel)Ien,commanc 

1 ;  kfaljl,  kfoljleit. 

bergen,  hide ; 

ftarg,     geborgen. 

fcCrften,  burst ; 

fcttrfr,    gefcorften. 

bred)en,  break  ; 

ln-ttd),    gefcrockn. 

brcfd)en  (2.),  thresh 

;  brttfd),  gcbrofdjen. 

empfefyten,  commend;  empfttf)t,empfof)len. 

gelten,  pass ; 

gait,      gegolten. 

fyelfen,  help  ; 

f)ttlf,      gefjOtfen. 

nefcmen  (3.),  take ; 

nafym,   genommen. 

fd)Cltert,  scold  ; 

fd)Ott,    gefd)Oltcn. 

fd)VCden(4.),  frighten  ;fd)rttcf,  gefd)vOdcn. 

fpredien,  speak  ; 

fprad),  gefprod)en. 

fied)en,  stab  ; 

frad),    geftockn. 

ftccfen  (5.),  stick  ; 

ftacf,     geftocfen. 

fie()Ien,  steal ; 

ftaM,    gefloln'en. 

fierkn,  die  ; 

\twb,    geftorkn. 

trCffen,  hit  ; 

rrttf,     getroffen. 

PerbCrkrt  (4.),  de- 

perbavkPerbOrkn. 

stroy 

fterfccn,  sue  ; 

•nark,   gcttOrkn. 

werfcn,  throw  ; 

tt>arf,    getrorfen. 

fommcn(i.),come; 

font,  gcfommett. 

0efiiircn(6.),bear; 

gcliar,  gc&oren. 

Sctftitcle. 

G3crabe  ati  roir  Pirn  il)m  fpradjen,  fam 

er. 
£3  ift  eud)  gelungen,  ik  |a6t  ba$  -^erj 

mtr  k^nmngen. 
Gr   f)atte  t(m  mtr  fek  ttxrrm  empfof)* 

(en. 
3d)  ()a6e  nie  em   fotckS  ©efii^t  cm* 

pfunben. 


Examples. 

Just  as  we  were  speaking  of  him, 

he  came. 
You    have    succeeded,    you     have 

gamed  my  heart. 
He  had  recommended  him  very  highly 

to  me. 
I   have   never  experienced   such  a 

feeling. 


154 


LESSON    30. 


2BiJrtcrucr3Ctif}m&.  y 

$er  StmSiletn,  -*,  pi.  -t,  pumice.  v*- 
£)er   $eftung£graben,  -4,  pi.  -graoe& 

moat  of  the  fortification. 
!Dcv  >Wbrber,  -3,  pi.  -  murderer. 
£)er  ©cfyiijje,  -n,  pi.  -n,  shooter,   u  =  oo. 
Der  SBefW,  -3,  Mount  Vesuvius. 
£)er  3weig,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  branch  ;  twig. 
$te  Dtfferential'recbnung,-  pi.  -en,  dif- 
ferential calculus. 
Die  (Unabe,  -,  grace. 
Die  flugcl,  -,  pi.  -n,  ball. 
Die  Sftacfyforfcfyung,  -  pi.  -en,  investi- 
gation. 
Die  Resolution',  -,  pi.  -en,  revolution^ 
Die  <3d)tlbtt)adje,  -,  pi.  -n,  sentinel. 
Die  @d)recfen^sett,  -,  pi.  -en,  reign  of  ter- 
ete £anne,  -,  pi.  -n,  fir-tree.         [ror. 
Die  3Sorftdjt3maJ3reget,  -,  pi.  -n,  pre- 
cautionary measure. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  2Beltfyerrfd)aft,  -,  domination  of  the 
Die  Belle,  -,  pi.  -n,  cell.  [world. 

$tt§  Slutgeriift,  -ed,  pi.  -e,  scaffold. 
DaS  3iel,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  target,  mark, 
©efprecfyen,  to  confer ;  bespeak.    e  =  ea. 
(itfrtg,  zealous. 
(Sntfom'men,  escape. 
(Entrin'ncn,  escape,  run  away. 
(£nttt>er'fen,  project ;  design, 
©rfltn'gen,  sound,  resound, 
©rfin'nen,  invent,  devise, 
©rfie'cfyen,  stab  (stick.  e=i ;  cl)=k). 
©enial',  genial. 
•Soersor'ragcnb,  prominent, 
^artljago,  Carthage. 
9kifen,  to  travel  (rise,    ei  =  i). 
<Stet3,  always. 
UeberiDtn'ben,  overcome. 
2>erfcfytr>in'ben,  disappear. 


$icr  uni)  fedjjtgftc  Wufpfie. 

1.  3f*  £err  9?agel  fyeute  ^ier  gewefen  ?  2.  %a,  er  tarn  tyiertyer, 
urn  eintge  ©efdjafte  rait  3fynen  ju  befpred)en,  ba  (15.  8.)  er  nocfy 
benfelben  2lbenb  nad)  £)armftabt  reifen  tvollte.  3.  ^abert  <3ic 
biefem  $naben  StroaS  tterfprocfyen  ?  4.  9?ein,  id)  tyabe  ifym  9Mdjt$ 
oerfprocfyen.  5.  ©djiller,  geboren  am  lOten  9fot>ember  1759  gu 
9ftarbad)  am  9tedar,  mar  einer  ber  genialften  Dieter  after  3^iten. 
6*  £)er  23anmeifter,  meldjer  ben  $lan  fiir  ben  33an  bes  Joiner 
£)ome3  entwarf,  ift  nnbefannt  7.  Robespierre  nnb  Canton,  bie 
gwet  tyersorragenbften  banner  in  ber  ©cfyrecfensjeit  ber  franjofl- 
fd^en  toolntion,  ftarben  betbe  auf  bem  23Inrcjernfte.  8.  Der 
©efangene  fprang  au$  bem  ^enfter  feiner  3eu%  erftacb  bie  <5d)t(b* 
wadjc,  fcfymamm  turd)  ben  ^eftnngsgraben  un^  cntfam  troi}  ber 
etfrtgften  9cad)forfd)nngen.  9.  £fyeobor  Corner,  am  2Gften  2luguft 
1813  »on  einer  feinblidjen  $nq,et  getroffen,  fan!  som  $ferbe  nnb 
ftarb  anf  ber  ©Me.  10.  £)er  33aner  fyat  ben  SBeijen  gebrofcfyen. 
11.    Der  Rioter  empfafyl  ben  SRflrfcer  ber  ©nabe  be3  $5maA 


7 j  VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION.  1^5 

12.  Sct6nt3,  ein  in  fa|t  alien  3tuetgen  be3  SBiffcn^  f)ert>orragenber 
($etft,  erfann  bie  3)ifferettttalredmnng.  13,  T)it  Zanmn  ftnt>  im 
©tnrm  gebrodjetu  14.  23on  ben  fcfyonen  Stebern,  bie  (27.  1.)  *>or 
3eiten  in  3^anb  erflangen,  ftnb  etntge  Mg  3U  und  gebrungen. 
15.  $arl  ber  ©roge  jroang  bie  son  tfym  Beftegten  Golfer  gnr  2tn* 
nafyme  be3  GfyrtftentfynmS.  16.  Stfyemif'rofles  itberroanb  bie  $erfer 
in  ber  <Sd)lad)t  bet  SalamiS  480  $or  (£t)riftt  ®ebnrt.  17.  !Xro0 
ajler  33or[td)t3mafjregeln  entrann  ber  ©efangene.  18.  9tom  nnb 
$artf)a'go  rangen  lange  mit  etnanber  nm  bie  2Belt|errfd)aft.  19. 
$ompe'j;i  »erfcfyn?anb  betm  2lndbrnd)e  bees  $efn»  tm  3<*()re  79  nad) 
Gfyrtfto  unter  einem  SRegen  son  3lfd)e  nnb  23tm3ftetnen.  20.  &in 
guter  ©diujje  trifft  ftete  fein  S^* 

Exercise  65. 

1.  You  have  promised  this  boy  something,  have  you  not 
(13.  3.)]  2.  No,  but  he  has  promised  to  visit  me.  3.  The 
name  of  the  architect  who  designed  the  plan  for  (the  cathedral 
in  Cologne)  the  most  celebrated  building  in  the  known  world  is 
now  unknown.  4.  The  gentleman  to  whom  (27.  2.)  you  recom- 
mended me  received  me  very  kindly.  5.  The  sailors  sprang 
into  the  water ;  some  swam  and  some  sank.  6.  There  (25.  2.) 
came  yellow  birds  upon  our  trees.  7.  Johann  Wolfgang  Goethe, 
born  ten  years  before  Schiller,  died  twenty-seven  years  after 
him ;  he  has  been  called  the  "  Shakespeare  of  Germany  "  or  the 
"  German  Shakespeare."  8.  The  children  spoke  and  sang  too 
loud.  9.  The  thieves  stole  all  that  they  found.  10.  I  drank 
nothing  but  coffee.  11.  We  saw  the  bear,  but  he  did  not  see 
us.  12.  I  have  found  no  strawberries  to-day.  13.  Why  have 
you  recommended  this  book  to  me?  14.  This  is  not  the  book 
"that  I  recommended  to  you.  15.  The  song  was  beautifully 
(1.  3.)  sung.  1G.  Not  every  one  (13.  10.)  who  throws  stones 
hits  the  mark.  17.  Leonidas  with  his  Spartans  died  the  death 
of  a  hero  for  his  fatherland.  18.  Our  plan  succeeded.  19. 
The  birds  disappeared  behind  the  trees.  20.  We  were  com- 
pelled to  wait. 


*C 


156 


LESSON    30. 


©rammattfdjes. 


Grammatical. 


1.  In  verbs  of  the  first  class  the  root-vowel  is  different  in 
each  principal  part,  with  the  single  exception  of  fnuuimt,  which 
has  the  same  vowel  in  the  Inf.  and  Perf.  Part.  : 

Pres.  Inf.  finfcen.     Imperf  fant).     Perf.  Part,  gefuntem 
"       "     fommem       {,'       fom.         "         "     gefflmmen. 

2.  ^rcflljCtt  has  in  the  Imperf.  both  the  Old  Form  and  the 
New,  and  also  the  more  common,  but  irregular  form,  broftfj. 

3.  9iCfjmcn   forms  the  second   and   third  pers.    sing.,   pres. 

ntmmft,  nimmt. 

4.  <&d)XCdcn,  or  usually  Crfdjrerfett,  and  UerberBcit,  as  intran- 
sitive verbs,  follow  the  Old  Form  :  id)  erfdjiaf,  er  i(l  erfdjmifett ; 
?$  tJCrfcatlJ,  C3  ijl  tirrborbcn  ;  as  transitive  verbs,  they  follow  the 
New  Form  :  er  crfdjrctfie  mid) ;  toit  Ijabm  ifyn  crfdjrccft ;  er  tiers 
berate  i()tt ;  t>u  X>aft  it>n  tierbcrBt. 

5.  Stcrfcit  follows  the  Old  or  New  Form  in  the  Imperf.  :  e3 
fttt(!  or  e3  ftctftc ;  but  in  the  Perf .  Part,  mostly  the  New. 

6.  ©clwrcit  changes  the  root-vowel  in  the  second  and  third 
pers.  sing.,  pres.  to  k  :  gcMcrjt,  Qtblttt. 


fiettion  31. 

Lesson  31. 

VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION    (continued). 

Stotitt  mafje. 

Second  Class. 

Pres.  Inf.          Imperf.    Perf.  Part. 

Pres.  Inf.           Iawperf.  Perf.  Part. 

effen  (2.),  eat ;       afc,        gcgeffcn. 

fef)en,  see  ;                 fob, 

gefeften. 

frfflen,  eat ;              fmp,        gefreffen. 

treten  (3.),  tread  ;      trttt, 

getrCten. 

gefren,  give ;            goi>,        gegeben. 

mgeffcn,  forget ;       ttergap, 

»ergcffcn. 

genefcn,  recover ;     genttS,     gcnefen. 

bitten  (l.),  beg ;     6 at, 

gckten. 

gefcfyefyen,  occur  ;      gefd)<lf),    gef*efyen. 

ft£en  (1.),  sit ;          fa§, 

gefeffen. 

ICfcn,  read ;              IftS,          gelefen.    V 

itegen  (l),  lie ;       lag, 

gefegen. 

meffen,  measure  ;     map,        gemcffen. 

j 


VERBS  OF  THE  OLD  CONJUGATION. 


157 


SBeifJriele. 

$a\t  bu  fcergeffen,  voa$  id)  bir  fagte  ? 
3d)  fyabe  u)n  um  SSerjetfyimg  gebetert. 
3Bann  ijakn  Bk  3f)ren  ftreutib,  £errn 

SBecfer,  nim  Iefcten  Sftale  gefefjea  ? 
3d)  fa(>  ifyn  sorgeftern  2lbenb,  furg  efye 

ber  3ug  nad)  $rag  abfuijr. 


Examples. 

Have  you  forgotten  Avhat  I  told  you  ? 

I  have  begged  his  pardon.  - 

When  did  you  last  see  your  friend, 
Mr.  Becker  ? 

I  saw  him  night  before  last,  just  be- 
fore the  train  started  for  Prague. 


S®5rfertier$eirfjnt&. 

$Ct  $der,  -3,  pi.  Sleder,  field  ;  acre. 
/^k^£)er  2luffd)tt)img,  -$,  elevation. 
r  2)cr  Stfer,  -$,  zeal. 
2)er  SucH  -t$,  pi.  $ud)fe,  fox.   u  =  ov 
Dcr  ©eome'ter,  -  pi.  -  surveyor. 
$te  9lrmee',  -,  pi.  -n,  army. 
Die  Csnergie',  -,  energy. 
2Me  Sagb,  -  pi.  -en,  chase  (yacht).    v 
£)ie  itranffoeit,  -,  pi.  -en,  sickness.     \ 
Die  9?u§fd)ate,  -,  pi.  -n,  nut-shell. 
Die  Ueberga&e,  -  pi.  -n,  surrender. 
$a§  £uf)n,  -e<3,  pi.  £itl)ner,  fowl. 
Da3  <5d)ifflem,  -3,  pi.  -,  little  ship. 


Vocabulary. 

9Iit$gebreitet,  extensive. 

SBefom'men,  get,  become  possessed  of. 

23cra'ti)en,  to  advise. 

iBcjWtn'gen,  overpower. 

£uten,  keep,  heed,    u  -  ee  ;  t  =  d. 

llefcel,  bad  ;  evil.    ii  =  e;  t)  =  v;  c  =  i. 

3Sermeffen,  survey,  measure. 

SBerftcinbig,  intelligent. 

3ertre'ten,  tread  down,    e  —  ea  ;  t  —  d. 

3iemlid),  pretty,  tolerably. 

BucrjV,  first  (erst). 

3u  SWittag  effen,  dine. 


SetfjS  unb  fedjjigfte  ^ufgaBco 

1.  SBatteujrein  lag  ttier  donate  t>or  Straifunb',  ofyne  (10.  6.) 
bie  <£tabt  jur  Uebergabe  groingen  gu  !6nnen.  2.  £)ie  Sager  ger^ 
traten  im  (Eifer  ber  3<*gb  bie  Setter  biefeS  armen  Cannes.  3. 
©nftas  2lbolp(),  ${mig  son  <2djn>eben,  begfoang  tie  Prince  Stuys 
bet  33reitenfe(b  am  ftebgebnten  September  1631.  4.  £)er  ©eometer 
bat  geftern  bie  Slecfer  ber  Jperren  (Sdjmibt  unb  Sftiifler  vermeffen. 
5.  3d)  bat  meinen  2>ater,  mir  Corner's  $ebid)te  511  faufen,  unb  er 
serfprad)  e3  mir.  6.  £)er  $)inb  bites  bag  letcfyte  <Sd)iff(ein  n>ie 
(13.  5.)  eine  9ht§fcfyale  iiber  bao  ©after.  7.  £er  lefcte  SIpfel  ift 
yon  biefem  23aume  gefattcn.  8.  3ft  3()r  Sruber  £cinrid)  mm 
fciner  ^rant^ett  genefen  ?  9.  ®eftern  befanb  er  fid)  gtcmUd)  wcljl, 
aber  fyeute  mug  er  nncber  bad  33ctt  bitten.  10.  geibuig  U'(id)tc 
burd)  feine  Snergie  unb  fetn  au$gebrettetes  Stiffen  einen  neuen 


158  LESSON    31. 

2Iuffd)tt?mt$  in  bad  getfHa,e  2efcen  £)eutfd)lant$.  11.  2Bir  fyakm 
ifyn  immcr  fur  einen  »erftanfcta,en  9ftann  gcljaltcn.  12.  £>er  $ud)3 
ftng  tad  $uf)n,  ftuiftrent  e3  fd)lief.  13.  28tr  rtefen  tie  (Sdjiiler, 
aber  fie  famen  nid)t  ju  un$.  14.  (Sic  fyabcn  itjn  iibel  beratfyen. 
15.  £aben  ©tc  fd)on  ju  9#tttaa,  (jegeffen  ?  10.  3a,  mv  afen 
fycute  friifyer,  aid  g,ennU)nltd).  17.  £aben  @ie  tern  £unbe  fcfoon 
St»a$  ju  frejfen  QtQtbtn  ?  18.  9?em,  er  befommt  urn  fciefe  3cit 
9?id}te  ;  er  fyat  fcfyon  »or  etncr  @tunte  gefrejfen.  19.  (Ed  gcfdjaft, 
wit  ter  $onia,  bcfcfyten  fyatte.  20.  2Sie  befmbet  pdj  ^rofeffor 
9M)r?    2L  <£r  fcefmfcet  fid?  fcejfer. 

•""SSL  .a*V 


The  Jew  eats  no  pork,  has  never  eaten  it,  considers  it  sin- 
ful"'to  eat  it.     2.  The  book  that  you  have  given  to  me  I  have 


,/■■ 

read.  3.  Did  you  read  it  before  you  gave  it  to  me  1  4.  What 
my  brother  once  sees  he  never /forgets.  5.  Sick  soldiers  were 
sitting  and  lying  everywhere  in  the  streets  and  begging  for  aid. 
6.  Yesterday  you  forgot  your  hammer  and  to-day  you  have  for- 
gotten your  plane.  7.  The  horse  has  eaten  the  oats^and  is  now 
eating  the  hay,  but  it  has  not  yet  drank.  8.  The  traveler  has 
eaten  his  dinner,  but  has  not  drank  his  coffee.  9%  The  soldiers 
recovered  very  slowly.  10.  Several  of  them  nave  not  yet  (13. 
6.)  recovered-  \1.  Miltiades  overcame  the  Persians  at  Mara- 
thon. 12.  Did  you  meet^Mr.  Miller  at  CasseH  13.  No,  sir,  I 
did  not  meet  him,  but  I  met  an  old  friend  of  mine  (12.  7.),  Mr. 
Keller.  14.  When  have  you  measured  the  height  of  this  moun- 
tain 1  15.  I  measured  it  three  days  ago.  16.  How  long  have  you 
lain  sick  from  your  wound  %  1 7.  I  have  been  sick  about  three 
weeks,  but  I  have  not  lain  continually  in  bed.  18.  The  phy- 
sician allowed  me  to  rise,  but  I  was  compelled  to  keep  the  room. 
19.  Has  the  dog  eaten  the  meat1?  20.  He  has  eaten  the  meat 
and  drank  the  water.  21.  After  we  had  read  the  history  of  the 
German  empire  under  Frederick  Barbarossa  (i.  e.  Red  Beard), 
we  admired  him  as  the  greatest  man  of  his  century. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


159 


©rammattfrljcS. 


Grammatical. 


1.  In  the  second  class  the  Per/.  Part,  has  the  same  root- 
vowel  as  the  Inf.,  except  in  the  verbs  luttftt,  ItegCtt,  and  ft^Clt, 
which,  like  those  of  the  first  class,  have  a  different  root-vowel  in 
each  part  : 

Pres.  Inf.  geften.     Imperf.  gain     Perf.  Part,  g eg eft en. 
"    ftj3en.  "       fag.        "        "     gefcffetu 

2.  dffctt  inserts  rj  in  the  Perf.  Part. ;  thus,  gegeffen,  instead 
of  geeffen. 

3.  !Xtctett  forms  the  second  and  third  pers.  sing.,  pres.  tttttft, 

tvitt. 


Mtion  32. 


Lesson  32. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION    (continued). 


Critic  ®faffe. 


Third  Class. 


Pres.  Inf. 
fittrfCtt  (2.),  bake 
ftU)ren,  drive  ; 
grttfcn,  dig  ; 
V    labett  (3.),  load  ; 
ntttljlen  (4.),  grind 


Imperf.  Perf.  Part  [     Pres.  Inf. 

Imtf,     flebatfctt.  fd)ttffen,  create  ; 

fuftr,     gefnbren.    |  fd>Togcn,  beat ; 

grttb,     gegrdbcn.    tragen,  bear  ; 

lltb,       gelttbcn.      'tMd)fen,  increase 
(mafolte),  gemafylen.    ftafd)en,  wash  ; 


Imperf.  Perf.  Part. 
fd)Uf,  gefd)ttffcn. 
fd)lug,  gefd)legen. 
trttg,  gctragen. 
tvud^,  gett>ad)fen. 
ttUfdj,   gercafcfyen. 


Sctfjitclc. 

£uefc#  33rob  i|t  gut  gefcatfetu 
£<er  teller  ift  fd>on  gegvakn. 
T)k  $Unte  tjt  nid)t  gelaben. 
(53  Ijat  cben  elf  gefd)(agen. 
£>er  9?egen  f)at  bie  23aunte  gemafdjen; 
bic  @emufe  ftnb  rafd)  gcn>ad)fen. 


Examples. 

This  bread  is  well  baked. 
The  cellar  is  already  dug. 
The  gun  is  not  loaded. 
It  has  just  struck  eleven. 
The  rain  has  washed  the  trees  ;  the 
vegetables  have  grown  rapidly. 
\ 


160 


LESSOX    32. 


SBiirtcriierjetdjmp. 

$cr  Slnfang,  -3,  pi.  -fdnge,  beginning. 
£)er  ©egriin'ber,  -3,  pi.  -  founder. 
£)er  23lifc,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  lightning. 
5£>Ct  23ud)Mnber,  -3,  pi.  -  bookbinder. 
2>er  CEtyarfrettag,  -$,  Good  Friday. 
2>er  Stmkr,  -3,  pi.  -n,  Cimbrian. 
£cr  Eonful,  -$»  pi.  -n,  consul. 
-£er  ftrieben,  -3,  peace. 
2)er  ®et$f>al$,  -e3,  pi.  -f)dlfe,  niggard. 
£er  Seuto'ne,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Teuton. 
2>te  23e&anb'lung,  -,  pi.  -en,  treatment. 
2)te  Dtc&tfunjt,  -  poetic  art. 
Die  (£td)e,  -  pi.  -n,  oak.  et  =  oa ;  d)  =  k. 
$ttS  SWauIt&ier,  -$,  pi.  -e,  mule. 


Vocabulary. 

X)a3  9ftetflertt>erf,-d,  pi.  -e,  master-piece. 
£)ct$  9)ftr(id)5aumd)cn,  -4,  pi.  -  peach- 
Da^  ^ortrdt',  -3,  pi.  -e,  portrait,  [tree. 
T>a$  Dtettertrejfen,  -4,  pi.  -,  cavalry  com- 
9lu3cman'ber,  asunder.  [bat. 

33ela'ben,  to  load  (lade). 
Srfalj'rcn,  learn. 
6rttttvgftt,  suffer,  endure. 
SDfoittt,  to  paint,  picture. 
dli\)<i),  rapid  (rash). 
Soe'ben,  just,  just  now  (eben,  even). 
23eref)'rcn,  to  honor. 
SJergra'ben,  bury  (®rab,  grave.   &  =  v). 
3u#®tanbe  brtngen,  form,  accomplish. 


%tf)t  unfa  fecf^igfte  ftufgafte. 

1.  liefer  ©et^als  sergrub  fein  ©olb.  2.  Der  Sader  §at  bad 
23rob3nI)artgebaden.  3.  ©oeben  erfufyr  id),  wad  bie  ^enerdbrunft 
in  sortger  SQoc^c  »erurfad)te.  4,  2tm  $nfang  frf)uf  (9ott  £immel 
itnb  (Erbe.  5.  $3omit  (24.  3.)  l)aben  <5ie  faiefe*  Sfftanltfyier  be* 
laben?  6.  2£ir  fyaben  ed  mit  9ftel)l  belaben,  bad  nnd  jener  SRufler 
gemafyten  tjat  7.  2Ber  l)at  biefed  9>ortrat  gemalt  ?  8.  2Hbred)t 
Diirer,  ber  23egriinber  ber  neneren  beittfd)en  Sftalerei.  9.  $jmtti* 
bal  fd)lug  im  3a^re  218  &.  Sfyr.  ben  romifdjen  Sonfnl  $nblind 
(Sornctmd  @cipio  in  etnem  ^fteitertreffen.  10.  $Ger  ertrng  je  einc 
fofdje  23el)anbUtng !  11.  £)iefed  $ftrftd)banmd)en  ift  git  rafd)  gc= 
wacfyfen.  12.  SBarum  wufd)en  ©te  nid)t  3(>re  £anbe  ?  13.  3d) 
fyabe  fie  gewafdjen.  14,  £aben  ©te  ©rimm'S  beurfd)ed  SBorter* 
bnd)  jnm-  33ud)binber  getragen  ?  15.  9Mn,  id)  fyafte  ed  ttergeffen. 
16.  Slid  9ftariud  bie  (Etmbern  nnb  Xentonen  gefd)fagen  batte,  *>er- 
etjrten  tfyn  bie  Corner  aid  33arer  bed  $aterlanbed.  17.  Die  (Eidje, 
$om  53(it3  getroffen,  barft  audeinanber.  18.  %lafy  ber  (Scfyladjt  hn 
3ama  202  ».  Sfyr.,  i-n  welcber  bie  Corner  ben  Cannibal  iiberwan* 
ben,  brad)te  £anno.ber  ©ro§e  einen  $rieben  mit  ©cipio  git  ©tanbe. 
19.  ©otlje  f>at  ^eiftcrwerfe  ber  Dtd)tlunft  gefd)affen.  20.  dia* 
pfiael  (Santi,  ber  bernt)mtefte  Scaler  aller  3^^^  flarfe  am  S()ar* 
frcirag,  ben  6ten  2lpril  1520. 


VERBS  OF  THE  OLD  CONJUGATION.  161 

Exercise  69. 

1.  These  boys  struck  each  other.  2.  They  have  also  struck 
the  horse.  3.  The  rain  washed  the  dust  from  the  trees,  the 
fields,  and  the  houses.  4.  The  miller  has  ground  the  wheat, 
and  the  peasants  have  loaded  their  wagons  with  the  flour.  5. 
He  who  digs  a  pit  for  others  often  falls  into  it  himself.  6.  Has 
the  stolen  watch  been  found  (15.  5.)r<  7.  It  has  not  been  found, 
but  it  is  known  who  has  taken  it.  8.  Scipio  defeated  Hannibal 
in  the  battle  of  Zama  and  ended  the  long  war  between  Rome 
and  Carthage  in  the  year  202  before  Christ.  9.  These  trees 
have  not  grown  very  fast.  10.  Which  books  have  you  carried 
to  the  bookbinder?  11.  I  have  carried  no  books  to  him;  I 
have  forgotten  to  do  it.  12.  The  Romans  honored  Marius  be- 
cause (15.  8.)  he  defeated  their  enemies.  13.  The  lightning 
has  struck  and  split  the  old  oak.  1 4.  The  children  have  been 
digging  holes  in  the  garden.  15.  You  have  given  me  more 
money  than  him.  16.  Have  the  children  beaten  each  other1? 
17.  No,  they  have  beaten  their  wooden  horses.  18.  The  book 
that  you  recommended  to  me  did  not  please  me.  19.  Bee- 
thoven is  (14.  5.)  considered  the  greatest  musician  of  the  world. 
20.  He  produced  works  full  of  the  deepest  thought  and  the 
most  sublime  feeling. 

©rammatifdjel.  Grammatical 

1.  In  the  third  class  the  Perf.  Part,  has  the  same  root-vowel 
as  the  Inf. : 

Pres.  Inf.  fd)ttffen.     Imperf  fd)ttf.     Perf  Part.  gefd)ttffen. 

2.  ©atfett,-  in  the  Imperf,  is  conjugated  both  in  the  Old 
Form  and  in  the  New ;  more  properly  in  the  Old  Form  when 
intransitive,  and  in  the  New,  when  transitive :  t>a3  33rot)  fcltlf  ; 
but  t>er  53iicfcr  tmdk. 

3.  Sabttt  has  in  the  Imperf.  both  forms. 

4.  SRaljlctt  takes  the  Old  Form  in  the  Perf.  Part.  only. 

12 


162 


LESSON    33. 


Scftton  33. 


Lesson  33. 


verbs  op  the  old  conjugation  (continued). 


mtxtt  Piaffe. 


Pres.  Inf. 
fcfafCJt,  blow  ; 
braten,  roast ; 
fallen,  fall ; 
fa '.ten  (2.),  fold  ; 
bttlten,  hold  ; 
Iaffen,  leave  ; 
ratben,  advise  ; 
fttljen(2.),  salt; 
fd)lttfen,  sleep ; 


Imperf. 

bites, 

briet, 
fiel, 

(faltetc), 
bjelt, 

lieg, 
rtetfj, 
(faljte), 


Per/.  Part 
nrblofcn. 

gebraten. 

gefoflen. 

gefalten. 

gcfyalten. 

gclaffen. 

geratljen.'- 

gefaljen. 

gefdjlttfen. 


Fourth  Class. 


Pres.  Inf. 
fpttlten  (2.),  split ; 
fonjjen,  catch ; 

fyttngen,  hang  ; 
(jaueit  (3.),  cut ; 
IttUfen,  run  ; 
fto&CIt,  push  ; 


Imperf.    Perf  Part. 
(fpaltete),  gefpalten. 


ftnfl, 

bjng, 

lief, 


gefangen. 

gefjangen. 
ncljaucn. 
gelaufen. 
gefiofeen. 


febroten  (2.),bruise ;  (fdjrotete),  gefd)rOten. 
rufen,  call ;        ricf,       gerufen. 


Scifjiiele. 

£>ie  ©eele  empfcingt  (Einbritcfe  t>on  5lu= 
§en. 

<3te  empftngen  mid)  febj  freunbltd).  [ten  ? 

£aben  3ie  fid)  lange  in  3)re3ben  aufgefyal* 

3d)  ^iclt  mid)  nur  einen  Slag  t>a  auf. 

(Er  bjelt  fid)  ein  Stettpferb. 

(£r  tritt  meine  Religion  in  ben  (Staub 
unb  frrecft  bie  £anb  aud  nad)  nteiner 
$rone. 

£er  9tojl  frtft  bad  gtfen. 

Slrnclb  son  SSinfelrieb  entfd)ieb  burdj 
feine  fyeroifdje  Slufopferung  ben  ©teg 
ber  ©d)meij|er  in  ber  <5d)lad)t  bet 
<5empad)  am  ntunten  Suit  1386. 


Examples. 

The  soul  receives  impressions  from 

without. 
They  received  me  very  kindly. 
Did  you  stop  long  in  Dresden  ? 
I  remained  there  only  a  day. 
He  kept  a  saddle-horse. 
He  tramples  my  religion  in  the  dust 

and  stretches  out  his  hand  for 

(after)  my  crown. 
Rust  eats  (corrodes)  iron. 
Arnold  Winkelried  decided,  by  the 

heroic  sacrifice  of   himself,    the 

victory  of  the  Swiss  in  the  battle 

of  Sempach  on  the  ninth  of  July, 

1386. 


2SortetDer3eidjni&. 

$er  23rei,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  broth,  soup. 
JDtt   ®efdnnacf ,   -e3,   pi.   ®efd)macfe, 

taste,  savor. 
2>er  £ol$auer,  -$,  pi-  -#  wood-cutter. 
©er  $noten,  -3,  pi.  -  knot. 
®er  9Jtatabor',  -3,  pi.  -e,  rnatadore. 


Vocabulary. 

2)er  9lacfen,  -3,  pi .  -,  neck,    a  =  e. 
£)er  9toggen,  -3,  rye. 
IDer  (Stoff,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  stuff,  mate- 
rial. 
£)cr  ©tier,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  bull  (steer) 
£)er  Skrfud)',  -3,  pi.  -e,  attempt. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


163 


25tC  9IuSfuf)rimg,  -,  arrangement. 

£)ie  Dampfmafd)tne,  -  pi.  -en,  steam- 
engine. 

2Me  3nbuftrie'au3jMung,  -,  pi.  -en, 
exhibition  of  industrial  products. 

2)te  50?afd)i'ne,  -  pi.  -n,  engine,  ma- 
chine. \ 

2>te  $rctd)t,  -  splendor,  brightness. 

2>te  9Jeid)^aIttgfeit,  -,  abundance. 

£tt$  ©d)tt>crt,  -rt,  pi-  -v,  sword. 

£ad  2krbtenft',  -e$,  pi.  -e,  merit. 

5lnber3,  in  another  way,  otherwise. 


Grtjal'tcn,  to  receive. 
®elmt)'ren,  to  be  due. 
®orbifd),  Gordian. 
£&ngen,  to  hang. 
3n  ber  Sfyat,  indeed,    t  =  d  ; 
£5fen,  solve  (loose.    5  =  oo). 
Unftveitig,  indisputable. 
SkrMn'ben,  connect,  bind. 
©erbte'nen,  deserve. 
Scrgefr'lid),  ineffectual. 
Serfal'jen,  oversalt.    j  =  t. 
^er^au'en,  cut  (hew)  asunder. 


a  =  ee. 


<§tdi$tgftc  tofgak. 

1,  <&k  fdjlugen  itjn,  tt?af)renb  er  fd)lief.  2.  Dtefer  $nabe  tjielt 
mein  $ferb,  mal)rent>  id)  fd)lief.  3.  SSiete  .ftocfye  ttcrfalaen  ben 
23ret.  4.  £)er  £oIa()auer  fyat  ba$  £ol3  gefpalten.  5.  (Spfyiaf  te$ 
tterrietb;  tie  ©riecfyen  an  £erre3.  6.  3>r  sIRatabor  ftiej  bent 
©Here  (7.  4.)  ba$  ©djmert  in  ben  Wadm.  7.  (Sie  berietfcen  ftdj 
lange,  cb  fie  tt^n  fotlten  laufen  lajjen  ober  nid)t.  8.  Wnn  greuub, 
£err  SBalter,  crl>alt  jebe  2Bod)e  einen  33rief  son  feinem  SBruber. 
9.  SUeran'ber  ber  ©ro§e  jerfyieb  ben  gorbifcben  ^noten  mit  feinem 
@d)it>erte  nad)  sielen  »ergeblid)en  23erfud)en,  itjn  anf  anbere  SBeife 
$u  lofen.  10.  2)er  (Sturm  Mte3  ba$  fcfcmadje  (Scfyiffletn,  wie 
(13.  5.)  eine  9?uj}fd)ale  umt)er.  11.  2Bie  gcftel  3i)ncn  bie  3n= 
buftrieauSfteUung  ju  $ari$'  im  34re  18G7?  12.  @et)r  gut, 
id)  r)abe  nod)  nie  fo  ttiel  ©efdjmad  mit  einer  fold)en  9teid)t)altigfeit 
bes  ©toffee  unb  $rad)t  ber  $u£fuhrung  serbunben  gefefycn.  13. 
2Bal)renb  2lrtt)ur  geftern  mit  feinem  greunbe  fpielte,  pel  er  unb 
brad)  ben  3trm.  14.  §akm  <Sie  bie  23ilber  in  3fyvem  3^ntcr 
anbers  gefyangt?  15.  3a,  bad  23ifb  metneei  Waters  l)ing  fyier,  unb 
id)  tjafo  e$  bortfyin  gefyangt.  16.  !TZero  ftief  ftd)  ben  £>old)  in  bie 
53ruft  unb  ftarb  im  3a()re  68  nad)  Sbrijto  mit  ben  Shorten  :  SBeidj 
ein  ^iinftler  ftirbt  mit  mir.  17.  T)a$  33erbienft,  eine  $iafd)ine 
erfunbcn  311  baben,  bie  ben  9?amcn  einer  £)ampfmafd)tue  in  ber 
Zl)at  serbicnt,  gebiifyrt  unftrcitig  bem  SngKinber  %amt$  SBatt 
18.   T)tx  Sutler  fd)rotete  geftern  feinen  3ftoggen. 


164  LESSON  33. 


Exercise  71. 


1.  Judas  betrayed  the  Lord  with  a  kiss.  2.  The  snow  is  fall- 
ing rapidly.  3.  The  apples  have  (14.  4.)  fallen  from  the  trees. 
4.  I  have  cut  and  split  their  wood.  5.  1  have  just  received 
your  letter.  6.  Have  you  guessed  this  riddle  1  7.  No,  I  did 
not  try  it ;  1  considered  it  too  difficult.  8.  The  boys  have  been 
throwing  stones  into  the  water.  9.  One  of  the  boys  fell  into 
the  water;  he  did  not  sink,  but  swam.  10.  Who  is  the  man 
that  is  holding  your  horse  1  11.  He  is  the  same  one  who  held 
yours.      12.  Our  neighbor  has  advised  us  not  to  go  to  the  city. 

13.  The  boys  ran  after  the  fowls,  but  they  did  not  catch  them. 

14.  Here  hangs  the  photograph  of  your  friend;  yesterday  it 
hung^  on  the  other  side.  15.  I  have  always  considered  our 
neighbor,  Mr.  Schneider,  an  honest  man.  16.  All  large  cities 
are  connected  by  railroads.  17.  Yesterday  I  received  four  let- 
ters. 18.  The  father  advises  the  children  wisely.  19.  Who 
advised  you  to  go  to  Sweden  in  order  to  learn  Swedish  1  20. 
No  one  has  advised  me  to  go  to  Sweden,  but  Professor  Bern- 
hard  advised  me  to  go  with  Mr.  Werner,  the  painter,  to  Italy 
in  order  to  study  the  paintings  of  the  most  celebrated  Italian 
painters. 

©rammattffjjeg.  Grammatical. 

1.  In  the  fourth  class  the  Per/.  Part,  has  the  same  root- 
vowel  as  the  Inf. : 

Pres.  Inf.  Mafett.     Imperf  Mtc3.     Perf.  Part.  geMafetu 
"      "    fyauert.        "       fyieb.        "        "     gefycuert. 

2.  JJalteit,  faljCtt,  tyaltett,  and  fcfjrotctt  follow  in  the  Imperf. 
the  New  Form  :  faftete,  fttljte,  fjlttftete,  ftfjtotete.  In  the  Perf. 
Part,  they  have  both  forms. 

3.  §ttttC!t,  in  the  signification  to  cut,  follows  in  the  Imperf. 
the  New  Form  :  tx  Ijailtc  £0(3,  he  cut  wood. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


1G5 


ficftum  34. 


Lesson  34. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION    [continued). 


Siinfte  muffe. 


Fifth  Class. 


*Pres.  Inf.  Impcrf. 

Betfeen,  bite ;         Mfe, 

befleipen,  apply  ;  befli£, 

bletc^en  (2.),  grow  btid), 

pale  ; 

glfidjen,  resemble  ;  g(td), 


gtctten,  glide  ; 
grdfen,  grasp  ; 
fcifcn,  scold  ; 
,  f  ncifcn,  twitch  ; 
fnetpen,  pinch  ; 
leiben,  suffer  ; 
pfttfeu,  whistle  ; 
ret£en,  tear  ; 
reiten,  ride  ; 
fd>lcid)en,  sneak  ; 


glut, 
griff, 

m, 

fnirr, 
fnipp, 
Hit, 

m, 

rip, 
rltt, 


fit(Ctfc;t(2.),grind;fd)liff, 


faletjjcn,  slit 
ftymeipen,  beat ; 
fc^rtctbert,  cut ; 
fdjrftten,  step  ; 
fpletjjen,  split  ; 


f<l% 
fc^mig, 

fd)tutt, 
fd)ritt, 
fpltfc, 


Per/".  Part. 

gebtffen. 

befliffett. 
geblid)en. 

geglidjen. 

geglitten.  ■*" 

gegriffen. 

gcftffcn. 

geiniffen. 

gcfntppen. 

gcltttcn. 

gcpftffcn. 

gertffen. 

gerttten. 

gefd)Iid)en. 

gefd)liffen. 

gefdfoltffen. 

gefd)mtffen. 

gefdmittcn. 

gefd)rttten.^ 

gefpltffen. 


Pres.  Inf. 
fh*etd)en,  spread  ; 
fhtiten,  contend  ; 
tt)Ctd)en(2.),  yield 
bletGen,  remain  ; 
gebci&ett,  prosper ; 
let ben,  lend  ; 
mctben,  avoid  ; 
pretfcn,  praise ; 
rCtben,  rub  ; 
fd)Ctben,  separate  ; 
fdjeuien,  shine  ; 
fd)vetben,  write  ; 
fd)rCicn,  cry  ; 
fd)tt>etgen,  be  silent 
fpeten,  spit ; 
ftetgen,  ascend  ; 
tretben,  drive  ; 
roetfen,  indicate  ; 
jd^ett,  accuse  ; 
IjCtfeen  (I.),  call ; 


Imperf. 
tfrtd), 
fbrte, 

;  n>td>, 
blteb, 
gebtet), 
iiel), 
mieb, 
pries, 
rieb, 
fcbtcb, 
fd)tcn, 
fd&rieb, 
fcbjte, 

;  fo>teg 
fpte, 
ftteg, 
trieb, 
feiw, 


Perf  Part. 

gcfrrtdjett. 

geftrtttcn. 

gewidjen. 

gcbftckn. 

gctiefjen. 

geliefjen. 

gemteben. 

geprtefen. 

gerieben. 

gefd)icben. 

gefd)tenen. 

gefd)rtcben. 

gefd)rteen. 

,  gefdjtoiegen. 

gcfpiecn. 

gefttegen. 

getrteben. 

gerotefen. 

gejtcfjen. 

Befjetfeen. 


JBetfJitele. 

(£r  prieS  feme  2Baaren  unb  rietl)  un$,  fie 
ju  faufen. 

3d)  babe  tmtner  gefunben,  bajj  cm  Staffer* 
fad  ntd)t  gemalt  tterben  fann,  aber 
beim  9tnblt(f  be$  $bemfatl3  bet  <Sd>aff- 
baufcn  fanb  id),  bag  er  ntdjt  etnmal 
befd)rieben  iuerben  fann. 

5ftan  b,at  ben  SBerbrecber  ergrtffen. 

(£afar  fd)deb  nad)  0iom :  3d)  Jam,  ify 
fab,,  id)  ftegte. 


Examples. 

He  praised  his  goods  and  advised 
us  to  buy  them. 

I  have  always  found  (thought)  * 
waterfall  could  not  be  painted, 
but  at  the  sight  of  the  Ehinefall 
at  Schaff  hausen,  I  found  it  could 
not  even  be  described. 

The  criminal  has  been  seized. 

Caesar  wrote  to  Rome  :  1  came,  I 
saw,   I  conquered. 


166 


LESSON    34. 


SBbrtertierjeidjmfc. 

$er  2l£te'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Aztec. 

Der  Segtnn',  -3,  beginning. 

Der  ©egfttjtonb, -e$,  pi.  -ftanbe,  subject 

Der  9tnf,  -e$,  fame,  reputation. 

Der  £f)ron,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  throne. 

2)ic  Wtyanblunq,  -,  pi.  -en,  treatise. 

Die  Slnerfennung,  -,  pi.  -en,  recognition^ 

Die  2lnftd)t,-,  pl.-en,  view  (<3i$t,  sight). 

Die  3nbuftrte',  -,  pi.  -n,  industry. 

Die  jlotonie',  -,  pi.  -n,  colony. 

Die  -ftatur',  -,  pi.  -en,  nature. 

Die  Sfyeorte',  -,  pi.  -n,  theory.  V 

Die  SBiffenfdjafr,  -,  pi.  -en,  science. 

$0§  Shtfe&en,  -3,  authority. 

DaS  Dunfel,  -3,  darkness,  obscurity. 

Da3  Sintreffen,  -3,  arrival. 

Da3  £aupr,  -e#,  pi.  £aupter,  head. 


Vocabulary. 

SluSbrucf'ltd),  express. 
Seftei'gen,  ascend. 
Sktrau'ern,  mourn. 
(£ntfd)ei'ben,  decide. 
Sro'bern,  conquer,  overcome. 
Srttjet'fen,  prove. 
®tetd)$etttg,  simultaneous. 
£iitten,  envelope. 
Sanben,  land. 
9ted)t$ctttg,  lucky,  timely. 
Strcuen,  strew,    eu  =  ew. 
Umntttetbar,  immediate. 
Unfag'ttd),  inexpressible  (fagen,  say). 
2krblet'd)en,  grow  pale  ;  expire. 
SBercdet'd)en,  compare,  liken,    d)  =  k 
S3erfd)af'fen,  obtain,  procure. 
Berrei'pen,  rend,  tear. 


gtori  unb  fiefijigfte  Wufgofie. 

1,  £)eutfcbtanb  war  unmittelbar  nadj  bem  bretgigjafyrigen  $riege, 
ttergtidjen  mit  granfreid)  unb  (Englanb,  in  3nbuftrie,  2£iffenfd)aft 
unb  itunjt  roett  3uriicf.  2.  Napoleon  ber  'Dritte  beftieg  ben  Zijvon 
fetne^  Dfyeimg  am  jmeiten  X^ember  1852.  3.  $aft  gfeidjjcitig 
mit  ber  ^erau^gabe  bev  2tbfyanblung  $\iy$en&  iiber  bie  9tatur  beg 
2id)teg,  t>er£5ffentli(^te  and)  Newton  feine  2Inftd)t  iiber  biefen  ©egen* 
ftanb,  ber  U$  bafyin  in  ttefeg  Tmnfel  gefyiitlt  n?ar.  4.  £>a$  2fn* 
fe^en  unb  ber  $uf  9}erotong  tterfyinberren  big  jum  33eginne  unfereg 
3af)d)unbertg  ber  Xfyeorte  ipupgfyeng',  n?eld)e  je£t  alg  rid)tig  errote* 
fen  ift,  bie  gebii^renbe  5lnerfennung  ju  »erfd)affen.  5.  SBarum 
Iajfcn  ©ie  3fcf  9fteffer  nid)t  fdjleifen  ?  6.  3d)  ^abc  eg  geftern  felbft 
gefd)liffen.  7.  £)eutfd)lanb  firt  unfdgtid)  burd)  ben  breigigiafyrigen 
$rieg.  8.  £>ie  garbe  biefeg  (Semalbeg  ift  tterb(id)en.  9.  Gfyriftopt) 
(Solumbug,  geboren  ju  ©enua  im  3al)re  1435,  entbedte  Slmerifa  im 
3nl)re  1492.  10.  £1*  (15.  8.)  Slbfalon,  ©o$n  2)a*ibg,  nad)  ber 
@d)lad)t  am  3orban  unter  einer  (Stdje  ritt,  blieb  er  in  ben  3^eigen 
beg  23aumeg  fyangen,  unb  ^oab,  3)asibg  gelbfyerr,  erftacfy  ifyn  gegen 
ben  augbrudlid)en  23efet)l  beg  ^cnigg,     11.  23lud)er  erttfebieb  bie 


VERBS  OF  THE  OLD  CONJUGATION.  167 

<&fylafyt  fcet  Waterloo  am  acfytgefynten  3unt  1815  bur$  fern  recfyt* 
SeitigeS  Smtreffen  auf  bem  @d)(ad)tfe{be.  12.  Gcrteg  lattbete  im 
3a()re  1519  in  9fterifo  unb  erofcerte  ba£  gart^e  3fteid>  ber  2J£tefen. 
13.  2>on  biefer  3e^  M$  sum  3^)^  1814  Miefo  9fterifo  eine  fpani* 
f$e  Colonic 

Exercise  73. 

1.  In  most  European  wars  Germany  has  suffered,  because 
(15.  8.)  Germans  have  striven  against  each  other.  2.  The  dog 
bit  the  boys  that  had  thrown  stones  at  him.  3.  What  was  the 
name  of  your  friend  of  whom  you  have  just  been  speaking  ^  4. 
His  name  was  Ritter.  5.  The  plan  of  the  leader  did  not  suc- 
ceed. 6.  Our  friends  have  promised  to  visit  us,  but  they  have 
not  kept  their  promise.  7.  These  little  boys  have  torn  their 
books  and  broken  their  slates  and  pencils.  8.  I  have  written  my 
father  two  letters,  but  he  has  received  but  one  of  them.  9.  The 
ice  and  the  snow  melted,  and  the  river  overflowed  the  valley. 
10.  The  bees  have  stung  the  boys.  11.  My  dog  did  not  come 
to  me,  because  it  did  not  hear  me.  12.  We  were  speaking  of 
you  an  hour  before  you  came.  13.  Have  you  forgotten  what 
you  promised  us?  14.  Have  you  not  received  all  that  I  have 
promised  you  1  15.  We  have  not  received  anything  at  all  from 
you.  1 6.  Have  you  ridden  this  horse  1  17.  No,  I  do  not  like 
(13.  7.)  to  ride  on  horseback.  18.  You  have  read  too  much 
and  slept  too  little. 

©rammaftfcfjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  In  the  fifth  class  the  Per/.  Part,  has  the  same  root-vowel 
as  the  Imperf,  with  the  one  exception  of  fjCtflCU,  which  has  the 
same  vowel  both  in  the  Inf.  and  Per/.  Part. : 

Pres.  Inf.  ftmdjett.     Imperf.  ftrtd).     Perf  Part,  cjeftrtdjem 
"      "    Wgen.  "      Meg.        "        "     ge^eigett. 

2.  SBletdjCtt,  fd)Ietfcit,  and  turilljeit,  in  the  significations  bleach, 
demolish,  soften,  respectively,  follow  the  New  Conjugation. 


1G8 


LESSON     35. 


Mtion  35. 


Lesson  35. 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION    (concluded). 


Sedate  mafic. 


Pres.  Inf. 
Dtcgeit,  bend  ; 
bitten,  bid  ; 

flicgcn,  fly ; 

fltCbcn,  flee  ; 
fltcfien,  flow  ; 
fricrcn,  freeze  ; 

gettiegen,  enjoy 
gfefen,  pour  ; 
fllCbcn,  cleave  ; 
frte&cn,  creep  ; 
ricckn,  smell  ; 
fdncbcn,  push  ; 
fcbiepcn,  shoot ; 
fd)ltepen,  shut  ; 
ftCbcil  (2.): 
fpricjjen,  sprout 
ftiebcn,  dust ; 
iricfcn  (2.); 
scrbrttgen,  vex 
Pcrlitten,  lose  ; 
linemen  (3. 'i; 
jitt)en,  draw  ; 
ftiren,  elect  ; 
iiigen,  lie ; 
tritgen,  deceive 


Impcrf. 

cog, 
tot, 

w, 

flop, 

fvOr, 

;   gcnog, 

nob, 

fro*, 

to*, 

fd)Ob, 

toot, 

faty, 

fori, 

;  fprOg, 

jlob, 

toff, 

PcrbrOp" 

ucrlor, 

tpog, 

m, 

for, 

log, 
;   rrog, 


Pcrf.  Part. 

gcbogen. 

gcboten. 

geflogen 

geflofyen. 

gcfloffcn. 

gcfrOren. 

gcnOjTen. 

gegOffen. 

gefloben. 

gefrocfyen. 

gerOd)ett. 

gefd)0ben. 

gefd)Offen. 

gefd)lOffen. 

gefottcn. 

gefprOffcn. 

gefloben. 

getroffen. 

perbroffen. 

perloren. 

geftogen. 

gejogen. 

geforcn. 

gelogen. 

getrogen. 


glomm,  gcglommctt. 

flomm,    gcHommen. 
ktoog,  Dctoogen. 


Sixth  Class. 
Pres.  Inf.  Imperf   Perf.Part. 

fOUfcn,  drink ;        foff,         gCfoffett. 

fttttgen,  suck ;         fog,        gefogen. 

fdjnttttbcn  (2.);        fd)nOb,    gefdjnoben. 

fdn-auben  (2);  fd)rOb,     gcfd)rObcn. 

glimmen(2.) 

flimmcn  (2.); 

6etoegcn  (3.); 

fed)tett,  tight ; 

flcd)ten,  twist ; 

IjCben,  heave  ; 

mttfen  (2.); 

pflegen  (3.); 

qucllen  (4.),  gush 

fd)Crcn,  shear ; 

fcfytnttjen  (4.); 

fdjroellen  (4.); 

weben  (2.); 

go^rcn, ferment;  goljr, 

fcbttiiren,  fester ;     fd)tt>0r, 

rottgen  (2.);  wog, 

f fl^ to brcn, swear;  fdjtoor,  geffljtoorcn 

(Ofd)en  (4.  &  5.);     lofcb,      getefd)en. 
oittgen  (2.);         oung,    geimngen 

fdjinben,  flay  ;         fd)Unb,    gefd)Unbeit. 

fttjaUen  (2.);        fojoU,    gefdjotten 


fOd)t, 

flOd)t, 

b,0b, 

molf, 

Pflog, 

quott, 

fd)0t, 


n>ob, 


gefOd)ten. 

geflod)ten. 

gel)0ben. 

gemolfetu 

gepflogen. 

gequollen. 

gefd}Oren. 
fdmtolj,  gefd)moI$em 
fd)roolI,  gefdwollen. 

gerooben. 

gcgofjren. 

gefd)tt)Oren. 
gercOgen. 


2>er  ©trorn   fd)tt>oll,  Weil  ber  @d)ttce 

fcbmolj. 
5Dtc  8onne  fcbien,  unb  etne  jebc  $no$pe 

fd)»otl. 
T)it  23tlbfaule  beS  $raftbenten  Smfolit 

in  9)bttabelpbia  nmrbe  Pon  Sutler  in 

ber  fi3mglid)en  <3d)meljb,utte  gu  5ttun= 

fytn  gegoffen. 


Examples. 

The   stream   swelled,    because  the 

snow  melted. 
The  sun  was  shining  and  each  bud 

was  swelling. 
The  statue  of  President  Lincoln  in 

Philadelphia  was  cast  by  Muller 

at  the  lioyal  Foundry  in  Munich. 


VERBS    OF    THE   OLD    CONJUGATION. 


169 


§Sortertier$ei(f)tti§. 

$er  Sfotago'itenftrom,  -4,  pi.  -jhrome, 
River  Amazon. 

Ter  gfagrtff,  -3,  pi.  -e,  attack  (®rtff> 
grip,    f  =  p). 

Ter  Sejtanbtljetl,  -3,  pi.  -c,  constituent 
part. 

J)cr  ®rab,  -e4,  pi.  -e,  degree,  grade. 

Ter  Jtorb,  -eg,  pi.  Sorbe,  basket. 

Ter  9tebenfutjj,  -eS,  pi.  — fliiffe,  con- 
fluent. \ 

Ter  ©auerjlcff,  -3,  oxygen. 

Ter  See,  -3,  pi.  -c,  lake. 

Dtr    <Strom,   -5,    pi.    ©trome,    river, 
stream,    o  =  ea. 

Ter  SBaflerfafl,  -»,  pi.  -faffe,  waterfall. 

Ter  SBafieritoff,  -^,  hydrogen. 

Ter  2Beif)cr,  -3,  pi.  -,  fish-pond. 

$tc  9lnn>enbung,  -,  pi.  -en,  applied 
tion. 

SDte  Sanfnote,  -  pi.  -n,  banknote. 

Tic  (Sfeftrigtt&f,  -  pi.  -en,  electricity. 

Tic  £ifce,  -,  heat,    i  =  ea. 

Tie  9?eiterci,  -  cavalry  (rciten,  ride).  *• 

Tie  ttnuberitunbltdjr'ett,  -,  invincibility. 


Vocabulary. 

Tie  SBaffermafle,  ->  pi.  -n,  body  of 
water. 

'hit  2Mbcbene,  -,  pi.  -n,  wooded  plain. 

$08  (Element',  -c$,  pi.  -e,  element. 

TaS  ©e^olg',  -ed,  pi.  -e,  woods. 

Qad  ©d)ttuebeeifen,  -3,  wrought  iron. 

T>a§  £afd)cnbud),  -e3,  pi. -bilker,  pocket- 
book. 

Tie  9npen,  -,  Alps. 

T)k  (Strom  fdmeflen,  -  rapids. 

Slttan'tifcr;,  Atlantic. 

(Eeljtu$,  Celsius. 

gntfprin'gen,  rise,  spring  up. 

©tract,  about. 

©ecjenracir'tig,  at  present. 

©eocjrct'pbtfcb,  geographical. 

3m  <2tanbe  fetn,  to  be  able. 

SRctfenb,  furious. 

(Stiirgen,  throw  (start,   u  =  a  ;  J  =  t). 

(Subamerifa,  -tt  South  America. 

3erle'gen,  divide,  separate. 

3erjlte'ben,  to  scatter. 

Bcrtfyei'len,  branch,  divide. 

3ufricren,  freeze  over,    ie  =  ee  ;  r  =  z. 


$tcr  unb  ftdicnjtofic  ^ufgafce. 

1.  £)a3  (Sdjmtebceifen  fdjmtljt  crft  bet  ciner  .£>i£e  ttott  gi»et* 
taufenb  ®rab  SelftuS*  2.  2l(fc  9J?etaIle  faun  matt  fdjmel^en. 
3.  ipettte  9lad)t  wax  e3  fo  fait,  tag  (15.  8.)  ber  SScifyer  neben 
unferm  ipaufe  jttfror.  4.  2Gte  t>iet  boten  (Sic  ft'tr  biefe  ©ttefel  ? 
5.  3d)  bot  fteben  Xfyafer,  abcr  ber  ^aufmann  toifl  ftc  nttr  nid)t  fur 
wettigtr,  afs  adjt  Sfyaler  lajfen.  6.  23ei  bent  rafettben  Slngriffe 
ttnferer  ^etterei  acrftc^ett  bie  gcinbe  unb  floben  nad)  bent  nafyen 
©etyolj*,  7.  -^ranfretd)  gettoj?  »or  bent  3«orc  1870  ben  5Ruf  bcr 
Unubcrn?tnb(td)feit  8.  £>er  grofjte  ©trom  ber  Srbe  ifi  ber 
5Ima^rienftrom.  9.  gr  entj>rina,t  in  $eru  nid)t  mcit  bon  Sima 
au3  bent  See  £auricod)a,  tritt  nad)   stelen  ©tromfdjncttctt  unb 


170  L3SSOX    35. 

SBajferfaflen  in  Me  grofe  SBattebene  son  (Sittamerifa  unt  ergiefjt 
feme  nmjefyenre  28a[ferma(fe  nad)  einem  2anfe  von  nenn  fynntert 
tentfd)en  a,coa,rapl)i[d)en  9)?eilen  (tatf  ift  3G00  englifcfcen  geocjrapl>i^ 
fd)en  WlciUn),  intern  er  fid)  in  mele  2trme  gerrfyeilt,  in  ten  at(anti= 
fcfyen  Ocean.  10.  Cannibal  gog  im  ^ai)xt  218  »or  Gfyrifto  iiber 
tie  SHpen.  11.  Sasoijter  vat  guerft  turd)  3f^cgung  fees  SBajferS 
in  feine  ©(entente,  Oauerftoff  nnt  SSajferftoff,  ten  le£teren  von 
tern  (Sauerftoff  gefcfyieten.  12.  Durd)  Slmventnna,  ter  fileftrigitat 
ift  man  im  <3tante,  afle  $i>rper  in  il)re  einfadjen  33eftanttl)eile  gu 
gerlegen.  13.  £)ie  einfadjen  Seftanttfyeile  ter  Mbvpex  nennt  man 
(Slemente ;  man  fennt  teren  (29.  4.)  gegenmarrig  ehva  68.  14. 
3d)  tterlor  mein  Safdjenbnd)  ^eftern  2Ibent.  15.  fatten  ©ie  sief 
©eft  tarin?  16.  9?ein,  e$  war  nur  eine  23anfnote  im  SBerrfye  son 
fitnf  preufjifdjen  (22.  4.)  Sfjakrn  tarin.  17.  £)iefe  ^orbe  jmt 
fefyr  fd)im  geflod)ten. 


Exercise  75. 


Sc- 


1.  The  snow  falls  earlier  and  melts  later  on  the  mountains 
than  in  the  valleys.  2.  In  the  valleys  the  snow  melted  in 
March,  on  the  mountains  it  lay  until  August.  3.  Under  the' 
Emperor  Charles  the  Fifth,  Spain  enjoyed  the  reputation  of 
invincibility.  4.  The  boy  struck  the  dog  that  bit  him.  5. 
The  streams  swelled  and  broke  the  dams.  6.  The  shepherds 
have  shorn  their  sheep.  7.  Have  you  ever  seen  frozen  quick- 
silver]   8.  Last  winter  the  quicksilver  froze  in  the  thermometer. 

9.  I  did  not  like  (13.  8.)  the  cloak  and  hence  did  not  take  it. 

10.  The  King  of  Prussia,  William  the  First,  raised  Count 
Bismark  folthe  rank  of  a  prince.  11.  The  wild  geese  flew  over 
the  forest.  12.  You  have  done  more  than  you  promised.  13. 
The  soldiers  did  not  fight  bravely,  but  fled.  14.  Have  these 
small  horses  drawn  this  large  wagon]  15.  They  did  not  draw 
this  wagon,  but  that  one.  16.  Who  drew  "this  beautiful  laud- 
scape  ]  1 7.  Do  you  know  who  has  ground  the  knife,  and  what 
the  miller  has  ground  1 


VERBS    OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


171 


(SJrammattfdjcS. 


Grammatical. 


1.  In  the  sixth  class  the  Participle  has  the  same  root-vowel 
as  the  Imperf. : 

Pres.  Inf.  litgem     Imperf.  lug*     Per/.  Part,  gcfogett. 

2.  Stcbctt,  boil,  trtefen,  drop,  fdjttauktt,  snort,  fdjraulieit, 

screw,   gltmmett,  shine  faintly,  flimittCtt,  climb,  tttclfctt,  milk, 
ttlhgen,  weigh,    tuclien,  weave,    bittQCtt,  bargain,   and  fdjttHcttA 

sound,   have  both  forms  of  conjugation. 

3.  23Btegnt,  weigh,  lietticgctt,  induce,  JlflcgCtt,  take,  enjoy, 
follow  the  Old  Form ;  UucgClt,  rock,  fccttJCtJCU,  move,  and  ^ifXc- 
gctt,  cherish,  nurse,  follow  the  New. 

4.  Oltcllctt,  gush,  fdjtttCljCtt,  melt,  fd)tt)etfett,  swell,  and 
lofcfjcn,  extinguish,  as  transitive,  follow  the  New  Form. 

5.  &iif(f)ttt,  extinguish,  when  following  the  Old  Form  (i.  e. 
when  intransitive),  forms  the  second  and  third  persons  sing,  of 
the  present  tense,  (tjrfjft,  Itfrfjt. 

6.  The  verbs  of  the  Old  Conjugation  are  variously  numbered 
and  classified  by  different  authors.  The  following  is  a  con- 
nected view  of  the  variations  of  the  root-vowels  as  given  in 
the  preceding  Lessons  : 


First  Class.    Pres. Inf.     Imp.    Per/.  Part. 

16  have i,  o,0.l>tnben,  fconb,  gefcunben. 

6    "    i,  o,0.rinnen,  rttnn,  geronnen. 

20    "   e,a,04e(fcn,  fcalf,   gefjolfen. 

1  has  o,  a,  0.  fommcn,  font,   gcfontmcn 

1  "  0,  o,0.gefcOren,  ge&or,  gcfrorcn. 
Second  Class. 

10  have  e,  o,  c.  gefcen,  got,    gegeten. 

2  "   i,  0,  e.  bitten,  tot,    gcbeten. 

1  lias  tcf  o,  e.  liegen,  log,  gclcgen. 
Fourth  Class. 

10  h.  o,ie,o.f)olten,  J&tclt,  getolten. 

2  "  a,  t,  o.fongen,  ftng,  gefongcn. 
2"oo,ic,oo.loofen,  lief,  geloofen. 
2  "  o,ie,o.fto§en,  flteg,  geftopen. 
lhaso,ie,0.mfen,  rtef,    gerofen. 


Third  Class.  Pres.  Inf.  Imp.  Per/.  Part. 

lOh.  0,  0,  0.  groben,  grot,  gegrObcn. 

Fifth  Class. 

23h.ei,  i,  i.  tcifkn,  tip,  gettffen. 

I6"ei,ie,ie.tleit,    tlteb,  getlieben. 

l "  cif  te,  ct.ljyci^cn,  tyiep,  gebcipen. 

Sixth  Class. 

22h.ie,o,o.biegen,  tog,  getogen. 

3"  ii,ofo.Iiigen,    log,  gelogcn. 

4  "oo,o,  o.foogcn,  fog,  gefogen. 

2  "  i,  0, 0.  gltmmen(glOntm,geglOmmcn. 

11"  c,o,0.l)Cben,     $of>,  geboben. 

3"  o,0,0.gol)ren,  gofyr,  gegfltyrcn. 

2"  o,0,O.Ibfd)cn,  lof4  getofd)en. 

2"  t,o,u.bingen,   bong,  gebongen. 

1"  0,0,0.  flatten,  fd)0ll,  gcfd)0Uen. 


172 


LESSON    36. 


Scftton  36. 


Lesson  36. 


IRREGULAR    (ANOMALOUS)    VERBS. 


ttttregcfmafctge  $cr&cn. 


Srcnnen  (1.),  burn. 
Srtngen  (2.),  bring. 
£aud)ten  (3.),  seem. 
Denfen  (2.),  think. 
Surfeit  (4.),  be  permitted, 
®ef)en  (5.),  go. 
£afccrt  (7.),  have. 
^ennen  (1.),  know. 


Gormen  (4.),  be  able. 
SRBgen  (4.),  like. 
9fluffcn  (4.),  be  obliged 
9knnen  (1.),  call. 
9?ennen  (1.),  run. 
<3ein  (9.),  be. 
Scnbcn  (1.),  send. 


Irregular  Verbs. 

Solicit  (4.),  be  obliged. 
<Ste^en  (5.),  stand. 
£f;itn  (6.),  do. 
SBcnbcn  (1.),  turn. 
SBcrben  (8).,  become. 
SHjJen  (4.),  know. 
SBoIXen  (4.),  be  willing. 


83ctfjuele. 

$at  fcin  greunb  5^icf)ta  sort  bcr  @ad)e 

gerouOt  ? 
3$  fann  tym  md>t  Wfen. 
(£r  nrirb  fetn  ©elb  fdjneller  log,  alg  er  eg 

serbiente. 
2>ie  <3onne  fan!  in  bag  2fteer,  unb  eg 

rcarb  9kd)t. 

SBiJrterDerjeidjmB. 

$tr  23ofermd)t,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  villain. 

£er  gufjtritt,  -g,  pi.  -e,  tread,  footstep. 

£>er  ®eban'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  thought. 

Der  ©enof'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  comrade. 

£er  £afi,  -eg,  hate.    §  =  t. 

£)er  Srrtfcum,  -g,  pi.  -tpmer,  error. 

3)er  Sttartyrer,  -g,  pi.  -,  martyr. 

£>er  Untergang,  -g,  ruin. 

2)er  35erfaf'fer,  -g,  pi.-,  compiler,  author. 

Der  2Be$fet,  -g,  pi.  -,  change. 

2>er  SBeltroetfe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  philosopher. 

Der  m§,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  wit. 

$te  Gmpftn'bung,  -,  pi.  -en,  feeling. 

Die  $rctge,  -,  pi.  -n,  question. 

D  te  ^reibeit,  -,  pi.  -en,  liberty,  freedom. 

Die  ®elcrn-'famfetr,  -,  learning,  [ciety. 

Die  ©efeli'fcfyaft,  -,  pl.-en,  company,  so- 


Examples. 

Has  his  friend  known  nothing  of 

the  affair  ? 
I  cannot  help  him. 
He  gets  rid  of  his  money  faster  than 

he  earned  it. 
The  sun  sank  into  the  sea  and  it 

was  (became)  night. 

Vocabulary. 

$tt§  ©eroif'fen,  -g,  pi.  -  conscience. 

Dag  3od),  -eg,  pi.  -e,  yoke,    d)  =  k. 

33ebitr'fen,  need. 

23enut'jen,  to  use. 

SejcuVIen,  to  pay  (3<$l,  tale.    3  =  t). 

Daraug',  (out  of  it)  from  them. 

gntfte'^en,  to  arise. 

$itgen,  to  submit. 

©riecknlanb,  Greece. 

3iibifd),  Jewish. 

Seife,  soft,  still. 

Sog,  rid,  loose.    0  —  oo. 

Sftaeebo'mfd),  Macedonian. 

06,  whether,  if.    0 'm  i  ;  I  =  t 

©cfyeuen,  dread,  be  shy  of.    f#  =  sh. 

©djrecflid),  terrible. 

©tolj,  proud. 


IRREGULAR   VERBS.  -  173 

@ed)$  nub  ftcBcnjigftc  3(ufgaBe. 

1.  ©ebrannte  Winter  fd)enen  bad  gener.  2.  2£tr  miijfen  nn~ 
fere  3rrtl)itmer  tfyener  begafylen,  rnenn  wir  fte  loS  toerben  roollert* 
3.  3d)  fiU)Ie  nid)t,  tag  td)  fterbe,  aber  id)  »cif  e&  4.  2lte  ®rie* 
d)enianb  anf  ben  9tufym  be3  2$i£e$  nnb  ber  ©elefyrfamfeit  am 
ftoljcften  fcin  fonnte,  mnfte  e3  fid)  in  t>a$  macebonifd)e  3°<i)  fiigen. 
5.  £)em  23ofennd)te  anrb  5ltlecJ  fdjwer.  6.  $nr$  sor  bem  Unter- 
gange  be$  iiibifcfyen  ©taates  war  in  fetner  SJMtte  bag  (Efyriftentfynm 
entftanben.  7.  £)er  9J?enfd)  bebarf  ber  boppelten  Smpftnbung,  ber 
£iebe  nnb  bed  gaffes.  8.  ©erciffe  23iid)er  fd)einen  gefd)rieben  gn 
fein,  nid)t  bamit  (15.  8.)  man  baranS  lernt,  fonbern,  bamit  man 
n>eig,  bafi  ber  SSerfaffer  (SttoaS  gemngt  Ijat  9.  9ttd)te  ift  leifer, 
ate  ber  gwfktft  ber  3eit,  9?id)te  ift  ftiller,  ate  ber  $3ed)fel  ber 
(Stnnben.  10.  (Sdjitfer'd  Sftutter  war  bie  £od)ter  eineS  23ader3 
and  SJZarbad).  11.  Seo'nibas,  $ontg  ber  ©parta'ner,  wnrbe  mit 
feinen  tapferen  ©enoffen,  in  bem  $ampfe  gegen  bie  $erfer  ein 
Sftartyrer  fitr  bie  greifyett  feineS  Soltek.  12.  ©em  warren  2Bett= 
wetfen  mufj  ber  Xob  nie  fd)red(id)  fein.  13.  S3enn  ener  ©ewtjfen 
rein  ift,  fo  feib  ifyr  frei.  14.  Urn  (10.  7.)  bie  ©ebanfen  5tnberer 
gn  bennfcen,  mn§  man  felbft  siet  gebacbt  fyaben.  15.  2)iefe  ,ftna* 
hen  fonnen  fefyr  gnt  reitcn.  16.  $onnen  fte  and)  fd)nummen  ? 
17.  3tf/  fie  lonnen  fefyr  gnt  fd)ttrimmen.  18.  (Es  geftet  mir  in  ber 
©efellfd)aft  nid)t,  "nre^afb  id)  nadj  £anfe  ging.  19.  £aben  <3te 
mir  ©otfye'S  SBerle  gebrad)t  ?  20.  3<*,  tort  Uegen  fie  anf  bem 
Xifat. 

Exercise  77. 

1.  The  boy  has  burned  his  fingers.  2.  Somebody  has 
brought  me  these  books.  3.  We  knew  those  people  in  Breslan, 
but  we  did  not  know  that  they  wished  to  leave  their  father- 
land. 4.  They  ha.ve  sent  one  of  their  friends  to  America  to 
buy  land.  5.  They  did  not  know  that  the  laborer  was  sick, 
and  they  called  him  lazy,  because  he  had  done  so  little.  6.  I 
should  not  have  known  the  invalid,  if  I  had  not  seen  him  at 


174  *  LESSON    36. 

home.  7.  Have  you  sent  your  brother  the  books  that  you 
bought  for  him  1  8.  I  sent  them  to  him  yesterday,  as  soon  as 
I  had  bought  them.  9.  The  boys  stood  where  we  left  them, 
until  they  became  very  tired  and  then  they  went  home.  10. 
The  apples  that  they  brought  to  us  did  uot  please  us.  11.  I 
did  not  understand  what  the  traveler  said,  for  he  spoke  very 
indistinctly.  12.  This  morning  the  weather  was  very  cold,  but 
it  soon  became  warm.  13.  We  read  and  wrote  day  before 
yesterday,  and  rode  and  drove  yesterday.  14.  We  have 
found  the  language  less  difficult*  than  we  expected.  15.  You 
considered  the  exercise  more  difficult  than  it  really  was.  16. 
The  boys  went  into  the  water  when  they  were  too  warm.  17. 
We  had  been  standing  on  the  bridge,  and  had  not  gone  far 
from  it  when  it  fell.  18.  We  wished  to  go  home,  but  were 
obliged  to  remain  in  the  city.  19.  We  could  go,  but  we  would 
not.     20.  I  would  not  go,  if  I  could. 

©rammatifdjcS.  Grammatical. 

The  following  verbs  do  not  conform  to  the  rules  of  either  the 
Old  or  the  New  Conjugation,  and  hence  are  called  Irregular  or 
Anomalous. 

1.  ©rcitnen,  femtcn,  nennctt,  rcnnen,  fenbcit,  and  rocnbcn 

follow  the  New  Conjugation,  except  that  the  root-vowel  t  of  the 
Inf.  is  changed  to  a  in  both  the  other  principal  parts  : 

fcramtte,  gcBrannt ;    nannte,  genamtt ;     fanbte,    gefanbt. 

fannte,    cjefannt ;      rannte,  gcrannt ;     wanbte,  gewanbt. 

Senfcen  and  toenben  are  also  regular:  fenfcete,  gefcnbct ;  toen&ete, 
gctDcnoct. 

2.  SBrutgCtt  and  bcnfctt  have  in  the  Imperf.  the  forms  IJradjtC, 
badjte,  and  in  the  Per/.  Part  gefirttdjt,  gebtttfjt. 

3.  The  impersonal  verb  uiilttl)tCU,  seem,  has  in  the  Present  the 
form  c§  bliutfjt,  in  the  Imperf.  e£  $MUi1jtc,  and  in  the  Per/.  Part. 

gcbiiudjt. 


IRREGULAR   VERBS. 


175 


4.   §«rfctt,  fomtctt,   mogctt,   miiffett,  foffett,  tootfett,  and 

ttiiffnt  form  their  Pres.  sing,  as  verbs  of  the  Old  Form  do  the 
Imperf. ;  the  plur.  having  the  regular  form.  The  Imperf.  and 
Per/.  Part,  follow  the  New  Form ;  the  root-vowel,  if  0,  being 
changed  to  0,  if  tt  or  t,  to  tt. 

Present  Tense. 


Sing,    id)  fcarf 
tu  barffl 

er    barf 
Plur.    irtir  biirfeit 
i()r  biirft 


tantt 

mag 

mug 

foil 

Witt 

fannjl 

magft 

mug 

follft 

wtap 

!ann 

mag 

mug 

foa 

roitt 

fonnen 

mogeu 

mujjcn 

follcn 

tt>oUen 

fonnt 

mogt 

miigt 

fottt 

toottt 

fonneu 

mogeu 

mujfen 

folleu 

roofleu 

Imperfect  Tense. 


iti)  burfte,  |fotmte,  jmod)te, 
&c.         &c.         &c. 


mugte, 
&c 


foflte,  jtooflte, 
&c.        &c. 


tvetg 

metgt 

roeig 

nnjfen 

ttngt 

nnjfen 

nmgte, 
&c. 


Perfect  Participle. 

geburft  |  gefonnt  |  gcmodjt  |  gemugt  |  gcfoflt  |  gen?oUt  j  gemugt 

5.  ©eljett  and  ftcljctt  take  in  the  Imperf.  and  Perf.  Part,  the 

forms  ging,  gegtrngett ;  ftanb,  gcflanbett. 

6.  %\)U\\  (instead  of  tfjuCtt)  in  the  Present  Tense  and  Infini- 
tive, drops  the  C  preceding  a  final  consonant :  iaj  tljtte,  btt  tljttft, 
Ct  tljttt,  ttJtr  tljtttt,  iljr  tljttt,  fit  tljtttt.  The  Imperf.  has  the  form 
\§  fyat,  &c,  the  Per/.  Par*,  gctljtttt. 

7.  $abcit  follows  the  New  Form.  In  the  Present  it  forms 
the  second  and  third  pers.  sing,  btt  Ijttft,  Cr  (at.  The  form  of 
the  Imperf  is  idj  Ijatte,  btt  Ijtttteft,  &c. 

8.  99Bctbctt  forms  the  second  and  third  pers.  sing,  of  the 
Present,  btt  ttritft,  Ct  toitb  ;  the  sing,  of  the  Imperf.  and  the 
Perf.  Part,  are  formed  like  a  verb  of  the  Old  Conjugation, 

id)  ttiarb,  bit  toarbfl,  cr  toarb ;  gcttiorbcn.    Besides  these  forms 

of  the  Imperf  sing,  there  is  another  which  is  more  usual  :  i(fj 

nmrbe,  btt  nmrbeft,  cr  nmrbe ;  the  plur.  is  always  mir  nmrbctt, 
iljr  tom-bet,  fie  ttmrbett. 


176 


LESSOxX    36. 


Present  Tense. 

id)  oin,  I  am.  voir  ftnb,  we  are. 

bu  biji,  thou  art.  it;r  feib,  you  are. 

cr  ijt,     lie  is.  fie  finb,   they  are 

Perfect.     (I  have  been,  &e.) 
id)  bin    ^  wit  ftnb 

bu  btjt     !-  geroefcn,     u)r  feib 


cr  iji 

First  Future. 

id)  tttfrbe^ 
buroirtr  Kcin, 
crrmrb  J 


9.  Conjugation  of  Scin,  to  be. 

Indicative  Mood. 

Imperfect  Tense, 
id)  roar,  I  was.        rmr  toaren,  we 
bu  roarjt,  thou  wast,  ir)r  roarer,  you  f 
er  roar,    he  was.      fie  roaren,  they. 

Pluperfect.     (I  had  been,  &c.) 
id)  War    ^  roir  roaren")  " 

bu  ©aril  V  gcroefen,     ir)r  roarer 
er  roar    J  fie  roaren 

Second  Fut.    (I  shall  have  been,  &c.) 

id)  roerbe "]     «»  voir  roerben  "1     » 

it)rroerber    l~f 


fie  jiub 


I 


(I  shall  be,  &c.) 
roir  roerben  ") 
ffer  roerbet    [•  fein. 


fie  roerben  j 


I 


buroirir  ^s^ 
er  roirb   J 


fie  roerben  J 


Imperative  Mood. 

Singular,     fei,  be.  |    Plural,     feib,  be. 


Present. 


Infinitive  Mood, 
fein,  to  be.        |    Perfect. 


geroefen  fein,  to  have  been. 


Participles. 

Present,     feienb,  being.     |    Perfect,     geroefen,  been. 


SBteberljofattg. 


Recapitulation. 


Aeht  und  siebzigste  Aufgabe. 

1.  Man  sieht  mitunter  Menschen,  die  man  durch  Muthwillen  so 
erschreckt  hatte,  oder  die  iiber  ein  Ungliick  so  erschrocken  waren, 
dass  ihnen  die  Haare  ausfielen,  oder  grau  wurden.  2.  Eine  Sache 
die  man  an  einen  rechten  Ort  gelegt  oder  gehangt  hat,  kann  lange 
gelegen  oder  gehangen  haben,  und  man  wird  sie  doch,  ohne  lange  zu 
suehen,  wiederfinden.  3.  Der  Mont  Cenis  Tunnel  ist  der  liingste  der 
Welt.  4.  Seine  Lange  betragt  12,236  Meter  oder  etwas  iiber  ein 
und  eine  halbe  deutsche  Meile  (nahezu  8  englische  Meilen)  ;  seine 
Breite  26  Fuss  8  Zoll  und  seine  Hohe  20  Fuss.  5.  Ihm  zunachst  an 
Lange  kommt  der  Hoosac  Tunnel.  6.  Dieser  hat  eine  Lange  von 
26,061  Fuss  oder  ungefahr  4f  englische  Meilen  (nahezu  eine  deutsche 


USE    OF    SEIN    AND    THE    MODAL    AUXILIARIES.  177 

Meile)  bei  einerBreite  von  24  und  einer  Hohe  von  21  Fuss. — 7.  Ein 
Bauersmann  ging  mit  seinem  kleinen  Sohne  Thomas  nach  einem  be- 
nachbarten  Dorfe.  8.  "  Sieh,"  sprach  der  Vater  einmal  unterwegs, 
"  da  liegt  ein  Stiick  von  einem  Hufeisen  auf  der  Strasse  !  Hebe  es 
auf  und  stecke  es  ein."  9.  "  Ei,"  sagte  Thomas,  "das  ist  ja  nicht  ein- 
mal der  Miihe  werth,  dass  man  sich  darum  bucke."  10.  Der  Vater 
hob  das  Eisen  stillschweigend  auf,  und  schob  es  in  die  Tasche.  11. 
Im  nachsten  Dorfe  verkaufte  er  es  dem  Schmiede  fur  drei  Pfennige, 
und  kaufte  fur  das  G-eld  Kirschen.  12.  Beide  gingen  weiter.  13.  Die 
Sonne  schien  sehr  heiss ;  weit  und  breit  war  kein  Haus,  kein  Baum 
und  keine  Quelle  zu  sehen.  14.  Thomas  verschmachtete  beinahe  vor 
Durst  und  konnte  dem  Vater  fast  nicht  mehr  nachkommen.  15.  Da 
liess  der  Vater,  wie  zufallig,  eine  Kirsche  fallen.  16.  Thomas  hob  sie 
so  begierig  auf,  als  ware  sie  Gold,  und  fuhr  damit  gleich  nach  dem 
Munde.  17.  Nach  einigen  Schritten  liess  der  Vater  wieder  eine 
Kirsche  fallen.  18.  Thomas  biickte  sich  eben  so  schnell  danach. 
19.  So  liess  der  Vater  den  Thomas  alle  Kirschen  aufheben.  20.  Als 
nun  die  Kirschen  zu  Ende  waren  und  Thomas  die  letzte  verzehrt 
hatte,  sprach  der  Vater  lachend  :  "  Sieh,  wenn  du  dich  um  das  Huf- 
eisen einmal  gebiickt  hattest,  so  hattest  du  nicht  nothig  gehabt,  dich 
um  die  Kirschen  hundertmal  zu  biicken." 


Mtion  37.      4  Lesson  37. 

USE   OF    Scitt   AND    THE  -MODAL   AUXILIARIES. 

SetfjHCle.  Examples. 

23crfd)ieoe  nte  auf  morgen,  r»a$  bu  r)eute  Never  defer  till   to-morrow  what 
tfyun  fannft.  you  can  do  to-day. 

2Ber  ju  mel  gehnnnen  trill,  serltert  oft  He  who  wishes  to  gain  too  much, 
SlUcS.  often  loses  all. 

Sie  miiffen  3fttc  Ceftton  lernen,  <Ste  You  must  learn  your  lesson  whether 
m&gen  ttolien  ober  ntcrjt.  you  will  (may  be  willing)  or  not. 

SBcnn  bct3  SBetter  fo  fdjledjt  Wetbt,  roer*  If  the  weather  continues  so  bad,  we 
ben  voir  gu  £aufe  Met&cn  miiffen  unb  shall  be  obliged  to  stay  at  home 

nid)t  fpajirctt  gef)en  fonnen.  and  shall  not  be  able  to  take  a  walk. 

(£3  foil  (10.)    geftem    ein    furd)tl>arer  A  terrible  storm  is  said  to  have 
(Sturm  in  $lortba  gettiitfjet  fyabtn.  raged  in  Florida  yesterday. 

13 


178 


LESSON    37. 


2BSrterftcr$etiijntfc. 

$er  Satynfjof,  -e3,  pi.  -$ofe,  depot. 
$te  Stprifo'fe,  -,  pi.  -n,  apricot. 
Die  3fa$hmft,  -  information. 
Die  Sntruf'tung,  -  indignation. 
Die  Srbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  earth,    e  =  ea. 
Tic  Jvmtbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  joy,  pleasure. 
Die  firfdje,  -  pi.  -n,  cherry. 
Die  Kegel,  -  pi.  -n,  rule,    g  =  — . 
Die  ©peife,  -,  pi.  -n,  food. 
Die    <^)rad)e,    -     pi.   -n,    language, 

speech. 
Die  SBiirje,  -,  pi.  -%  spice. 
$tt$  SBenelj'men,  -$,  behavior. 
23egeg'nen,  to  meet. 


Vocabulary. 

23efor'gen,  attend  to. 

8a$ett,  laugh,    a  =  au  ;  dj  =  gh. 

9?ad)laffig,  listless,  neglectful. 

Dbglctd/,  although. 

£agltd),  daily,    t  =  d  ;  g  =  — . 

Unenb'Ud),  infinite  (unending). 

ttnf)ofltd),  impolite. 

Unredit,  improper,  wrong. 

Uiwer&o&Icn,  open,  not  concealed. 

ajerlet'^en,  to  give,  bestow. 

2JielIctd)t',  perhaps. 

©id)  awi  ber  (5d)ltngc  jtefyen,  to  extri- 
cate one's  self  from  the  difficulty 
(snare). 


9lcun  unto  ftefijtgfic  tofgafie. 

1.  Diejenigen,  rceldje  9li<$t$  tt?tffen,  fottcn  Stwas  ternem  2. 
Die  greuben  ber  Srbe  foil  man  n?ie  SCiiqe  geniegen  unb  nidjt  tote 
taglid>e  <Speife.  3.  SBerben  @ic  morgen  mit  mtr  nad)  ber  ©tabt 
geben  fonnen  ?  4.  3d)  wcrbe  gefyen  fonnen,  aber  id)  n?erbe  nic^t 
gefyen  tootten,  benn  idj  n>erbe  iibermorgen  gefyen  initffen.  5.  Die 
beutfcfye  @prad)e  foil  fefyr  fd)tinerig  fein  ;  besfyalb  mufj  ber  Scfyitler 
bie  9tegeln  unb  23eifptele  aufmerffam  lefen.  6.  2Ber  biefe  @prad)e 
lernen  will,  barf  nidjt  faul  obcr  nacfylaffig  fein.  7.  Die  ^tnber 
tootlen  $irfd)en  unb  2lprifofen,  a6er  fie  fonnen  letne  faufen,  benn 
fte  IjaUn  fein  ©elb.  8.  28ir  fonnen  ntdjt  umfyin  (7.)  $u  fadjen, 
obgleid)  mix  anjfen,  bag  (15.  8.)  e3  unrest  ift.  9.  3d)  fann  Wid)t$ 
bafiir  (7.),  bag  idj  arm  bim  10.  Dtefer  $aum  ift  fcfjr  fdmed  ge* 
tt?ad)fen.  11.  .ftura,  nacobem  ton  gelanbet  maren,  eiltcn  nnr  nad) 
bem  SBafjnhof,  urn  (10.  7.)  fo  batb  aU  mogftd)  bag  3iel  unferer 
#teife  gu  erreid)en.  12.  SBarum  ftnb  biefe  ^naben  fo  rafd)  gelau* 
fen?  13.  (Sinb  (Sic  in  ber  @tabt  nidjt  £errn  ^fte^er  begegnet? 
14.  Diefe  ^naben  biirfen  fieute  nid)t  fptelen,  roeil  fie  itjre  2tufgaben 
nicfet  gefonnt  (6.)  fcaben.  15.  fonnen  @ie  mir  nidjt  fagen,  mo 
£err  SBeber  toofynt?      16.    9Mn,  id)  bebaure  fcfcr,  3fynen  feine 


USE    OF    SEIN    AND    THE   MODAL    AUXILIARIES.  179 

2Iu3fimft  gcften  ^u  fonnen.  17.  Sr  fonnte  ntcfyt  umfjtn,  fetncr 
Sntriijhtng  iiber  btefeS  un()6fltd)c  33enef)men  nm>erl)ol)(en  2htst>rucf 
3it  tterletfyen.  18.  @ie  mogen  nun  fefyen,  nrie  fte  fid)  au$  t>cr 
(Sd)Ungc  $ic()en.  19.  3d)  mug  Ijeute  nadj  23eritn  gdjen  ;  fann  id) 
Sfynen  sielleicftt  (Strcas  beforgen?  20.  3$  fcanfe  Sfyncn,  itf)  tterbe 
morgen  felbjt  (25.  8.)  bat)in  gefyen. 


Exercise  80. 

1.  I  wished  to  go  with  my  friend,  but  I  could  not ;  for  I  was 
obliged  to  remain  at  home.  2.  He  who  wishes  to  be  rich  or 
learned  must  be  industrious.  3.  I  wished  to  buy  good  horses, 
but  could  find  none.  4.  When  will  you  be  able  to  write  a  letter 
to  your  friends'?  5.  I  shall  be  able  to  write  one  to-day.  6. 
We  have  been  able  to  go,  but  we  have  not  wished  to  go.  7. 
Were  you  obliged  to  remain  here  1  8.  We  were  at  liberty  to 
go,  but  we  wished  to  remain.  9.  What  shall  I  do  with  this 
money'?  e10.  You  may  give  it  to  your  poor  friends.  11.  You 
may  go  to  your  friend,  if  you  wish.  12.  I  do  not  wish  to  go 
to-day,  but  I  shall  wish  to  go  to-morrow.  13.  Those  boys  say 
they  cannot  help  laughing.  14.  It  is  said  these  children 
understand  German  and  French.  15.  Who  has  gone  to  the 
city]  16.  The  stranger  has  ridden  to  the  city.  17.  The  boy 
has  sprung  across  the  ditch.  18.  Our  soldiers  had  fled  and 
the  enemy  had  come  into  our  country.  19.  He  has  ridden  (on 
horseback)  to  the  forest  and  she  has  ridden  (in  a  carriage)  to 
the  city.     20.  The  worms  have  crawled  out  of  the  earth. 


©rammttttfdjeg.  Grammatical. 

1.   Settt  is  used  as  the  auxiliary  of  kgcgttCtt,  Mcftctt,  foIgCtt, 
lUCtd)  CU,  fcttt,  and  all  intransitive  verbs  denoting  transition  ; 

Sie  finb  nad)  bcr  (Stctbt  gefafrrcn.  They  have  ridden  to  the  city. 

SBic  latnje  finb  fie  in  ber  <2tabt  gcttefen?      How  lung  have  they  been  in  the  city  ? 

(fr  ift  fiarf  jjcnwbctt.  He  lias  become  strong. 


180 


LESSON    37. 


2.  The  following 
by  words  indicating 
Jjrtlint  as  auxiliary  : 

eilen,  hasten, 
faljren,  drive, 
fliejjen,  flow, 
folgcn,  follow, 
tyinfen,  limp, 
jagen,  hunt, 
flettern,  climb. 


intransitive  verbs,  when  not  accompanied 
direction  towards  or  from  an  object,  have 


frtedjen,  crawl, 
lanben,  land, 
laufen,  run. 
quellen,  spring, 
retfen,  travel, 
reiten,  ride, 
rumen,  leak. 


fd)tffen,  navigate, 
fegeln,  sail, 
fpringen,  spring. 
fio£en,  join, 
tretben,  drive. 
fd)ttnmmen,  swim. 
tt>anbern,  wander. 


£aft  bu  ntd)t  Ijeute  gcrttten  ? 
(Sie  fyabcn  nid)t  mel  gereijn 


Have  you  not  ridden  to-day  ? 
They  have  not  traveled  much. 


3.  A  few  neuter  verbs,  as  Itegctt,  fkfjClt,  ftyCtt,  were  formerly 
conjugated  with  fettt : 

•£>$l)er  war  feme  %Rad)t  nie  geffcmben.      His  power  never  had  stood  higher. 

4.  The  auxiliaries  of  mode  are  fcitrfen,  fiimtttt,  Ittiigett, 
mitffrit,  foffeit,  footfen,  faff  en ;  with  them  the  main  verb  is  used 
without  the  particle  Jtt. 

5.  2>iirfett  indicates  possibility  dependent  on  the  will  of  an- 
other, or  on  law  or  moral  right ;  sometimes  a  probability,  and  is 
variously  rendered : 


2)arf  id)  Sie  urn  bag  93rob  bitten  ? 
3d)  barf  nid)t  gefjen,  mem  23ater  f>at 

mix  serboten. 
•£>ier  barf  man  ntd)t  randjen. 
2)urfen  rotr  b,  ter  raud)en  ? 


May  I  trouble  you  for  the  bread  ? 

I  cannot  (rightfully)  go,  my  father- 
has  forbidden  it  (to  me).       [ing). 

Here  one  must  not  smoke  (no  smok- 

Can  we  (are  we  at  liberty  to)  smoke 
here  ? 


6.  MuItUM  is  substantially  the  equivalent  of  can,  but  is 
often  used  concessively  like  may ;  also  as  an  independent  verb, 
meaning  to  know,  understand,  be  able  to  do : 


£>er  <3d)roan  fann  fltegen. 
(£r  fann  e$  ttergeffen  Ijaben. 
(E3  ift  cm  9Kann,  ber  2Hle3  roeip  nnb  gar 
9K#t$  fann. 


The  swan  can  fly. 
He  may  have  forgotten  it. 
It  is  a  man  who  knows  everything 
and  can  do  nothing. 


of 


USE   OF    SEIN    AND    THE    MODAL    AUXILIARIES.  181 

7.  9ltd)t  Wttljttt',  9litf)t$  bafik',  with  fb'ttttett,  indicate  lack 
of  ability  : 

3d)  fonnte  nid)t  umljin,  e$  3f>nen  $u       I  could  not  help  (or  avoid)  telling 

fagen.  v  it  to  you. 

3d)  Jann  9?id)t3  bafiir.  I  cannot  help  it. 

2Ba3  fann  er  bafiir  ?  What  can  he  do  about  it  ? 

8.  WbflCU  indicates  permission  or  cAozce,  and,  like  fb'ttttCtt,  is 
often  used  concessively,  sometimes  also  transitively,  in  the  sense 
of  to  like  : 

3d)  mag  ba$  33ud)  nid)t  lefen.  I  do  not  wish  to  read  the  book. 

(£3  mag  (or  e3  fann)  fo  fein.  It  may  be  so. 

3d)  mag  biefen  2Betn  nid)t.  I  do  not  like  this  wine. 

3d)  mod)te  friffen,  fro  er  tft  I   wonder    (would  like   to  know) 

where  he  is. 

9.  SRiiffCtt  is  the  equivalent  of  must : 

(£r  mufjte  gel)en.  He  was  obliged  to  go. 

(£r  mu§  e^  ttergeffen  $akn.  He  must  have  forgotten  it. 

10.  Solicit  indicates,  1.  Dependence  on  the  will  of  another; 
2.  Moral  obligation  ;  3.  A  rumor  or  report : 

2>u  fotfft  nid)t  (M)Ien.  Thou  shalt  not  steal. 

(£r  foil  ;;u  mir  fommett.  Send  him  (he  shall  come)  to  me. 

(Sin  unfdntlbiger  2ttann  fotfte  I)ingerid)iet       An  innocent,  man  was  to  be  exe- 

frerben.  cutetl- 

9)?an  foil  rcbl  id)  fein.  One  must  (should)  be  honest. 

Scbcrmann  felt  fid)  felfcjr  ad)ten.  Every  one  should  respect  himself. 

3d)  frci£  nid>r,  tt>a«  id)  fagen  foil.  I  know  not  what  (I  ought)  to  say. 

(£r  foil  fefjr  gelefcrt  fein.  He  is  said  to  be  very  learned. 

11.  SBoftctt  indicates,  1.  Necessity  dependent  on  the  will  of 
the  subject ;  2.  A  logical  necessity  dependent  on  the  assertion 
of  the  subject : 

3d)  frill  e3  nid)t  ncfjmen.  I  will  not  take  it. 

(£r  frill  md)t,  a6er  er  mu§.  He  is  not  willing  to,  but  he  must. 

3d)  frollte  e3  erfldren,  afcer  er  frollte  mid)  I  was  going  to  explain  it,  but  he 

nid)t  f)5ren.  would  not  hear  me. 

<Sie  fallen  in  ber  (Stabt  ffin ;  er  fritt  fie  They  are  reported  to  be  in  the  city ; 

gefefjen  fjaben.  he  will  have  (it  that  he  has)  seen 

them. 


182 


LESSON    37. 


12.  £ttf[en  signifies  to  let,  leave,  to  get  or  order  anything  done: 

Let  the  fire  go  out. 
He  has  dropped  (let  fall)  the  book. 
He  leaves  the  window  open. 
Why  do  you  permit  him  to  go  ? 
I  am  getting  me  a  coat  made. 
I  have  ordered  a  coat  (to  be  made) 

for  him. 
He  ordered  the  regiment  to  advance. 


gafji  \>ai  greuer  autfgekn. 

(iv  bat  baS  33ud)  fallen  laffen. 

Gr  lajH  bad  gcnfter  offen. 

SDarum  laffcn  -Sic  tbn  a,ekn  ? 

3cb  laffe  mtr  cincn  Rod  mackn. 

3<$  babe  iljm  (or  fitr  tkt)  etnen  $ocf 

mackn  laffcn. 
(£r  Hc0  bad  Regiment  anriicfen. 


13.    The  above  verbs,  unlike  may,  can,  must,  &c.,  all  have  a 

complete  conjugation  : 

Gr  burfte  ntcbt  gekn. 

2Btr  roerben  n>of)l  gekn  fonnen,  akr  nid)t 

gekn  roollen. 
(E3  til  bcffer  arbeiten  ju  ttotten,  aid  ar* 

bettert  ju  muffcn. 


He  was  not  at  liberty  to  go. 

We  shall  probably  be  able  to  go, 

but  not  wish  to  go. 
It  is  better  to  wish  to  work  than  to 

be  obliged  to  work. 


14.    These  seven  verbs  are  often  used  elliptically : 


SBir  mi'tffen  fort. 

3d)  f)ak  gewollt,  akr  ntd)t  gefonnt. 

2£a3  foil  ber  £ut  ? 


We  must  (go)  away.  [to. 

I  have  wished  to,  but  not  been  able 
What  is  the  hat  to  signify  ? 


15.  In  the  Perf.  and  Pluperf.  these  auxiliaries  and  the  verbs 
Ijrijjctt  (to  command),  Ijcffctt,  Ijiiren,  and  feljcit,  when  used  with 
other  verbs,  employ  the  Pres.  Inf.  instead  of  the  Perf.  Part. : 


3d)  Ijak  tbn  fommen  bei§en. 
3*  b>be  tijm  arktten  ftelfen. 
3d)  Ijak  tljn  fpreckn  l)oren. 
3d)  f)abe  tljn  gef)en  feljen. 
3d)  fjak  ntd)t  gekn  fonnen. 
@tc  ijat  e3  nidjt  tfmn  mogen. 


I  have  commanded  him  to  come. 

I  have  helped  him  work. 

I  have  heard  him  speak. 

I  have  seen  him  go. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  go. 

She  has  not  wished  to  do  it. 


16.  When  the  infinitive  form,  instead  of  the  participle,  as 
above,  is  used,  it  is  always  placed  at  the  end  of  the  sentence  ; 
hence  the  inversion,  usual  in  relative  sentences,  does  not  take 
place  : 

2)cr  Sftann,  toelckr  Bat  gekn  miijjen.         The  man  who  has  been  obliged  to  go. 
3d)  »cip,  bap  cr  tturb  fommen  fonnen.        I  know  that  he  will  be  able  to  come. 


SUBJUNCTIVE    MOOD. 


183 


Mtion  38. 


Lesson  38. 


SUBJUNCTIVE   MOOD. 


aSetfjiiele. 

SSer  md)t  bie  2Belt  in  feinen  $reunben 
\kljt,  ^crbient  nid)t,  bap  bte  2Belt  »on 
tl)m  erfafyre. 

Sang  lek  ber  ftonig !  e3  freue  ftd),  tter 
ba  att)met  tin  roftgen  l*id)t. 

Urn  bte  Beit  ber  ^ftngfien  rotrb  bcr  Un= 
terrid)t  in  alien  <3d)ttlen  in  Teutfd)* 
Ianb  fitr  einige  £age  au£gefe£t. 


Examples. 

He  who  does  not  see  the  world  in 
his  friends  does  not  deserve  that 
the  world  should  hear  of  him. 

Long  live  the  king  !  let  him  rejoice 
who  breathes  in  the  rosy  light. 

At  the  time  of  Whitsuntide  the  in- 
struction in  all  schools  in  Germany- 
is  discontinued  for  several  days. 


SBortetUerjetdjttifi. 

XtV  STuSjTug,  -3,  pi.  -fliige,  excursion. 
Ter  gel  fen,  -S,  pi.  -  rock. 
Ter  23eg,  -etf,  pi.  -e,  road,  way.   g  =  y. 
$te  mp,  -  Alp. 

Tie  23nrg,  ~,  pi.  -en,  castle.  [ing. 

Tie  5)ceuuntg,  -,  pi.  -en,  opinion,  mean- 
Tie  Storbfette,  -  north  side,    b  =  th. 
Tic  Ityeilnaljme,  -,  participation. 
Tic  Bugbrucfe,  -  pi.  -n,  draw-bridge. 
$tt§  <Stdbtd)en,  -3,  pl.~  market-town. 
Tic  ^Pftngftfcrien,  -,  Whitsuntide  vaca- 
tion. 
2U>fd)itffig,  steep,  precipitous. 


Vocabulary. 

(£in$ig,  single. 

3ll  5lnfprud)  nel)men,  lay  claim  to. 

3al)  (or  gal)),  abrupt  (gay). 

Deftlid),  easterly,    iJ  =  ea. 

<5d)rofif,  precipitous. 

<3d)tvdlnfd),  Swabian. 

&id)  auf  ben  21kg  mad)cn,  set  out. 

Sofort',  immediately. 

Ue6ernad)'ten,  pass  the  night. 

25erlaf'fen,  leave. 

SBerfagcn,  refuse. 

SBcrroeilen,  stay  (roeilen,  to  while). 

Beitig,  early  (obs.  tidy.    g=t ;  ei  = 


(Bin  wtb  adjtjtgfte  ^CufgaBe. 

h  9ftein  ^mmb  fcfrrieb  mtr  sor  ^urgent  (22.  3.)  son  Urad)  auQ, 
cr  fyaoe  (3.)  mtt  9M)reren  fciner  23efannten  bie  $ftngftferien  ^u 
einem  $u3ftuge  in  bie  @d)ftaMfd)e  2Hp  bern^t.  2.  (£ie  feien  (1.) 
&<m  Stuttgart  mtt  ber  StfenBa^n  nad)  ^eutlin^en  gefafyren,  nnb 
fatten  (3.)  fid),  ofyne  (10.  6.)  in  bicfem  <Stabtd)en  langere  gnt  $u 
.tterruetlen,  fcfort  auf  ben  2Beg  nad)  bem  $d)atm,  einem  2160  $ufi 
l)ol)cn  23erge,  gemacfyt,  ber  ettta  eine  fjaltje  ©tunbe  oft(id)  tton  ber 


184  LESSON    38. 

Statt  Hegt  3.  T>a  fie  crft  ^adjmitraa^  Stuttgart  tterlaffcn  Ifify 
ten,  feien  fie  genotbigt  gewefctt,  fd)on  in  ^PfuUtngen  311  nbernad)tem 
4.  1)en  fofgenten  Za§  feien  fie  fcfeon  fefyr  gettig  auf  tent  SBege  nad) 
ter  53ura,  2td)tcnftein  gerccfen,  tie  auf  einem  elnjtgen,  nadj  alien 
©eiten  Ijin  ialjm  nnt  abfdjiijjtgen  gelfen  ftefye,  nnt)  gn  ter  man  nur 
ttermirtelft  enter  3u3^rw^e  gelangen  fonne,  5.  Die  ShtSftdjt,  tie 
man  son  fyter  geniefje,  fci  fyerrlid).  6.  Die  gan^e  Sftortfeite  ter 
©djroabifdjen  2Hp  mit  ifyren  fdjroffen  gel$n?anten  fefye  man  sor  fid) 
liegen.  7.  SWdjt  genng  Wnnt  er  betanern  tag  id)  tnrd)  meine 
2h*beiten  fo  in  Slnfprud)  genommen  fei,  tag  id)  mir  tie  Xljctlnafyme 
an  tiefem  Shtsfluge  ()atte  serfagen  mitjjen.  8,  %n  feinem  nad)ften 
33riefe  mode  er  mir  mefyr  nnt  ausfitfyrltdjer  fdjreiben* 

t^y         Exercise  82. 

1.  I  hope  I  shall  see  them  to-morrow.  2.  He  has  promised 
that  he  will  (3.)  go  with  us  to-morrow  to  the  city.  3.  He  made 
me  believe  that  he  was  my  friend.  4.  We  heard  that  you  were 
unwell.  5.  Why  do  you  think  that  he  is  (1.  3.)  your  enemy? 
6.  Because  my  friends  told  me  that  he  hates  (3.)  me.  7.  I  have 
heard  that  my  brother  has  lost  his  horse.  8.  They  (15.  5.)  say 
these  people  are  very  poor.  9.  He  says  we  were  in  his  garden. 
10.  Did  you  hear  that  I  had  found  my  money  %  11.  I  had  not 
heard  that  you  had  lost  it.  12.  This  man  says  that  he  has 
been  in  Vienna.  13.  It  is  said  that  the  ship  has  arrived. 
14.  These  people  think  that  we  are  very  rich.  15.  A  good 
scholar  studies  diligently,  that  he  may  learn  rapidly.  16.  He 
thought  I  could  not  write.  17.  They  said  that  they  must  have 
the  money.  18.  My  brother  says  that  they  have  praised  you. 
19.  It  is  said  the  king  will  be  in  the  city  to-morrow.  20.  Why 
do  you  think  that  these  travelers  are  Russians'?  21.  I  heard 
Charles  say  that  they  are  Russians  ;  I  thought  they  were 
Swedes.  22.  My  brother  writes  me  that  he  will  be  at  home 
next  week,  because  he  is  not  very  well.  23.  He  thinks  he  is 
right  (10.  8.),  and  I  think  he  is  wrong.  24.  He  fears  he  can- 
not see  us. 


SUBJUNCTIVE   MOOD. 


185 


<$rammattfdje§. 

( 

GJ-rammati 

caL 

1.  Subjunctive  of  Sein,  $akn, 

and  SSctiJcn. 

Present  Tense. 

tdj  fei, 

\§  Ija&e, 

id)  roerbe, 

bu  feieft  (or  feijt), 

bu  b]abz\t, 

bu  roerbejr, 

er  fei, 

er  ^abe, 

er  roerbe, 

roir  feien, 

roir  tjaben, 

roir  roerben, 

ibr  feiet, 

il)r  Ijabet, 

tt)r  roerbet, 

fie  feien. 

fie  fyaben. 
Imperfect  Tense. 

fie  roerben. 

id)  rodre, 

id)  t)dtte, 

id)  roitrbe, 

bu  rodrefr, 

bu  fjdttejr, 

bu  roiirbefr, 

er  ware, 

er  bdtte, 

er  roitrbe, 

roir  rodren, 

roir  fjdrren, 

roir  roiirben, 

ifyr  roarer, 

ibr  batter, 

i()r  roiirbet, 

fie  rodren. 

fie  fatten. 
Perfect  Tense. 

fie  roiirben. 

id)  fei 

id)  $abe 

id)  fei 

bit  feift 

bu  r)abeft 

bu  feijt 

cr  fei 
roir  feien 

-  gcroefen. 

er  I)abe 
roir  tjaben 

-  geljabt. 

er  fei 
roir  feien 

•  geroorben. 

il)r  feiet 

ifjr  Tjabct 

ir)r  feiet 

fie  feien 

fie  t)aben    . 

fie  feien 

Pluperfect  Tense. 

id)  rodre     " 

id)  t)dtte 

id)  rodre     i 

bu  rodreft 

bu  fydttejt 

bu  rodreft 

er  rodre 
roir  rodren 

►  geroefen. 

er  f)dtte 
roir  fatten 

■  geijabt. 

er  rodre 
roir  todrm 

■  geroorben. 

ifyr  rodret 

tr)r  tjattet 

ibj  rodret 

fte  rodren    > 

fte  fatten    - 

fte  rodren    - 

First  Future  Tense. 

id)  roerbe    " 

id)  roerbe    " 

\6^  roerbe    > 

bn  roerbeft 

bu  roerbeft 

bu  roerbeft 

er  roerbe 
roir  roerben 

-  fein. 

er  roerbe 
roir  roerben 

f  f?aben. 

er  roerbe 
roir  roerben 

-  roerben. 

il)r  roerbet 

ibr  roerbet 

ib,r  roerbet 

fie  roerben  - 

fie  roerben  - 

fie  roerben  J 

Second  Future  Tense. 

id)  roerbe    " 

id)  roerbe    "^ 

id)  roerbe    " 

bn  roerbeft 

bu  roerbeft 

bu.  roerbeft 

er  roerbe 

geroefen' 

er  roerbe      1  geljabt 
roir  roerben  |  ijaben. 

er  roerbe 

geroorben 

roir  roerben 

fein. 

roir  roerben 

fein. 

it)r  roerbet 

ii)r  roerbet    | 

ibr  roerbet 

fte  roerben  - 

fie  roerben  - 

) 

fie  roerben  - 

186 


LESSON  38. 


2.  The  Present  Subjunctive  often  expresses  (like  our  present 
subjunctive)  a  wish,  a  purpose,  or  a  command: 

<3ebe  er  ju,  ba§  man  e$  md)t  erfafjre.  See  he  (let  him  see)  to  it  that  it  be 

<3o  fei  e#.  So  be  it.  [not  discovered. 

3.  The  Present,  Perfect,  and  Futures  of  the  Subjunctive  are 

used  in  the  so-called  indirect  narration,  and  rendered  by  our 
Indicative  ;  a  present  or  future  tense  being  often  rendered  by  a 
past  one  : 

SSflan  fagt,  cr  fei  fjter.  It  is  said  he  is  here. 

Sftan  fagte,  er  fei  f)ter.  It  was  said  he  was  (is)  here. 

2ftan  fagte,  er  fei  r)ter  geroeferu  It  was  said  he  had  (has)  been  here. 

Sttan  fagte,  er  roerbe  fommert.  It  was  said  he  would  (will)  come. 

Where  in  the  indirect  narration  the  form  of  the  subj.,  in  the  prcs.,  perf.y 
or  fat.  tenses,  does  iwt  differ  from  that  of  the  ind.,  either  the  conditional 
mood  (39.  1,  &c.)  or  the  imperf.  or  pluperf.  tense  of  the  snbj.  is  employed  : 
3d)  borte,  <Ste  fatten  mem  S3ud).  I  heard  you  had  my  book. 

(£r  metnte,  rotr  roitrben  gefyetu  He  thought  we  would  go. 

4.  Examples  of  Subjunctive  and  Indicative. 

Subjunctive.  Indicative. 

3d)  l?brte,  ba§  er      I  heard  (a  report) 


fel)r  franf  fei. 

2flait  fagt,  baf?  er 
»iel  ®elb  fcabe. 

Wlan  glaubt,  ba§  er 
fommert  roerbe. 

SDceinft  bu,  ba§  id) 
beirt  $ehtb  fei  ? 


that  he  is  very 

sick. 
They  say  he  has 

much  money. 
It  is  thought  that 

he  will  come. 
Thinkest      thou 

that  I  am  thy 

enemy  ? 


3d)  r)3rte,  bafj  er 
fefjr  franf  tft 

3d)  roeip,  ba§  er 
mel  ©elb  l)at. 

Wlan  roetjj,  ba£  er 
fommert  roirb. 

2Bei§t  bu,  ba§  id) 
beirt  geinb  bin  ? 


I  heard  (the  fact) 

that  he  is  very 

sick. 
I  know  that  he  has 

much  money. 
It  is  known  that 

he  will  come. 
Knowest        thou 

that  I  am  thy 

enemy  ? 


5.   The  Present  Subjunctive  of  all  verbs,  except  feitt,   is 

formed  by  suffixing  to  the  root  e  for  the  first  and  third  persons 

sing.,  and  eft  for  the  second ;  the  first  and  third  persons  plur. 

add  en,  the  second,  et :  * 

id)  Io6*e,          rotr  tob^en,  id)  roofl*ef          rotr  roott^ert, 

bu  lob-eft,       ifa  tob^et,  \)u  rooIUeft,       tbj  rool^et, 

er  tob^e,         fie  lob=en.  er  rooE^e,         fie  roofl^en. 


CONDITIONAL    MOOD.  187 

6.  In  the  New  Conjugation  the  form  of  the  Imperfect  of  the 
Subjunctive  usually  differs  from  that  of  the  Indicative  by  taking 
C  before  the  endings  it,  tcft,  tctl,  ttt  I 

Indicative.  Conjunctive, 

idj  loMc,  totr  IoMetl,  id)  to&*C*fcf  rrur  lob  ^ten, 


bu  hb4tft, 

l$r  loMet, 

bu  lob^tefl, 

tyx  M*t'tct, 

er  (oMe, 

fie  loMen. 

er  lo^t'U, 

fte  lob^tcn, 

7.  Verbs  of  the  O&Z  Form,  also  the  Irregular  verbs  fldjCil, 
ftcljCtt  (36.  5.),  and  tljuit  (36.  6.),  form  the  Imperf.  Subj.  by 
taking  the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it,  and  by  adding  in  the  first 
and  third  persons  sing,  c  to  the  form  of  the  Indicative  : 


Indie 

ative. 

Conjunctive. 

id)  gab, 

riur  gab=en, 

id)  sa6=e,           roir  g,ab=en, 

bu  gab=ji  (eft), 

ii)r  goto  (et), 

bu  gab^ft  (eft),   il)r  gaM  (et), 

er  ga&, 

fie  gab=en. 

er  gab=e,           fte  gab^eru 

8.   The  Imperfect  Subjunctive  of  the  Irregular  verbs  Brcits 

ncn,  fciroeu,  itctumt,  rennen,  fenben,  and  toenben  (36.  l.)  is 

formed  like  the  Imperfect  Indicative  of  the  New  Conjugation. 

$ringcit,  benfen  (36.  2.),  biirfen,  fimttctt,  miigctt,  and  miff  en 

(36.  4.)  form  the  Subjunctive  in  the  Imperfect  by  taking  the 
umlaut'. 


ficftton  39.  Lesson  39. 

CONDITIONAL    MOOD. 

SctfUtcIe.  Examples. 

£atteft  bu  son  5D?enfd)en  beffer  flctd  ge=  Hadst  thou  always  thought  better 

bad)t,  bu  fyatteft  beffer  aud)  gel)an*  of  men  thou   hadst   also   acted 

belt.  better. 

Sure  Serfoljnung   roar    ein   roenig   ut  Your  reconciliation  was  a  little  too 

fd)nell,  a(3  bafi  fie   tjatte   bauerljaft  hasty  to  (allow  that  it  might)  be 


feist  fonnen.  enduring. 


188 


LESSON    39. 


SBbrtert)cr$etdjnt&. 

$et  2Ma§,  -e3,  pi.  -Xdffe,  rise,  occasion. 
Dcr  9lpfelbaum,  -«,  pi.  -fcaume,  apple- 

tree. 
'Der  <5d)er$,  -e3-  pi.  -e,  jest,  joke. 
2Dte  (S^re.  -,  honor. 
£>ie  ftrucfyt,  -,  pi.  griicfyte,  fruit. 
Die  3>flege,  -  care  (9>fltd)t,  plight). 
£ie  ©ad)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  matter  (sake). 
Die  Sernncf  lung,  -  pi.  -en,  complicaT 

tion. 
2)te  3ttt,  -  pi.  -en,  time  (tide.    j  =  t). 
2>ie  3uflud)t3jldtte,  -,  pi.  -n,  place  of 

refuge.  [vessel. 

$00  gifdjerboot,  -e$,  pi.  -tote,  fishing- 


Vocabulary. 

Das?  gidjt,  ~e$,  pi.  -er,  candle  ;  light. 
Da3  2Befen,  -5,  pi.  -,  the  being. 
23eglct'ten,  accompany. 
Srnft,  serious,  earnest,    e  =  ea. 
£avmlo3,  harmless,    o  =  e. 
9ftt9li$,  delicate,  dubious. 
$eijcn,  irritate, 
©tubi'ren,  study. 
Ungtvetfel^aft,  doubtless. 
2krfal)'ren,  act,  conduct. 
23crnunf  tig,  reasonable. 
23errei'(en,  to  travel. 
3u  ©runbe  gefyen,  to  perish  (©runb, 
ground). 


$rei  unb  ttdjt$tgfie  Wufgafie. 

1.  SBer  fyatre  (1.  and  3.)  gebad)t,  bag  biefer  Ijarmlofe  8d)erg  gu 
fo  ernften  SSerroidlungen  2ln(a§  geben  ir>erbe !  2.  £atteji  (1.)  bu 
ben  £unb  nid)t  gereigt,  fo  ^atte  er  bid)  ntc^t  gebijfen.  3.  2Benn  er 
lein  ©elb  fyatte,  miirbe  (1.)  er  nict)t  serreift  fetn.  4.  Dtefer  Slpfel- 
baum  toiirbe  aud)  bejfere  griidjte  rragen,  rcemt  er  biefelbe  $flege 
genojfe,  true  jener.  5.  2Iucfy  btefeS  gifcfyerboot  ware  ungroeifetbaft 
gu  ®rnnbe  gegangen,  toenn  e3  nicfct  nod)  gur  red)ten  3^tt  eine 
3uflud)t0ftatte  gefunben  ptte.  6.  Gs  mare  jefct  nid)t  mogHd), 
iiber  ben  glujj  gu  fabren.  7.  3$  mod)te  rciffen,  toas  gu  gtauben 
ift.  8.  2$er  fyatte  geglaubt,  ba§  er  ein  folded  £erg  getgen  roitrbe ! 
9.  $ein  sernitnftiger  9ftenfd)  toiirbe  (4.)  fo  gefyanbelt  ^abert.  10. 
3d)  loiirbe  gleid)  %u  iljm  gefyen,  menu  id)  mtr  toufjte,  ir>o  er  ift 
11.  (Sr  toiirbe  elenb  fein,  toernt  er  fo  leben  mitfjte,  one  id)*  12, 
SBenn  id)  bag  genrngt  I)  arte,  fo  toare  idj  gang  anbers  serfafyrem 
13.  3d)  ir-iirbe  mit  ifynen  geben,  menn  id)  nid)t  fo  inet  gu  tbttn 
fyatte.  14.  SGenn  id)  bag  33ud)  gefehen  fyatre,  nrurbe  id)  e$  gefauft 
tyaben.  15.  2Qir  ttmrben  fd)on  gang  gut  beutfd)  fprecben  fonnen, 
votnn  toxv  fleijjiger  ftubtrt  fatten.     16.  5Benn  fie  3?\t  gefyabt  §at* 


CONDITIONAL    MOOD. 


189 


ten,  toittben  fte  una  gerotfj  begteitet  fyaften.  17.  2)a3  ware  eine 
mifjlicfye  ©acfye.  18.  Dfyne  (Sfyre  nmrbe  ber  SDtenfdj  ein  elenbes 
SBefen  fetn. 

y 

Exercise  84. 

1.  We  should  be  happier,  if  we  were  (1.)  more  conscientious. 
2.  I  would  bring  the  apples,  if  they  were  ripe.  3.  You  would 
easily  sell  your  wares,  if  the  price  were  not  too  high.  4.  Your 
friends  would  certainly  visit  you,  if  they  had  time.  5.  I  would 
buy  the  wood,  if  it  were  dry.  6.  What  would  you  do  with 
these  horses,  if  they  were  yours  1  7.  I  would  give  them  oats 
and  hay.  8.  What  sort  of  a  world  would  this  (29.  6.)  be,  if 
everybody  in  it  were  honest,  industrious,  and  temperate  %  9.  It 
would  be  much  pleasanter  than  it  is  now.  10.  I  would  have 
remained  at  home,  if  I  had  known  that  it  would  rain.  11.  If 
I  had  believed  that  it  would  rain,  I  would  certainly  have  stayed 
at  home.  12.  Were  we  all  rich,  who  would  do  the  disagreeable 
work?  13.  0  were  I  with  you  again!  14.  We  should  have 
come  earlier,  if  the  roads  had  been  good.  15.  He  thought  that 
you  had  had  his  cloak.  16.  Was  it  thought  (15.  5.)  that  the 
soldiers  would  remain  over  night  1  1 7.  It  was  said  that  they 
would  go  at  six  o'clock.  18.  The  children  stayed  at  home, 
because  their  parents  feared  it  would  rain. 


®rammttttfdje3. 


Grammatical. 


Conditional  of  <©ein,  gaoen,  SBerben. 

First  Conditional.  Second  Conditional. 


\§  ttitrbe 
bit  ttitrbeft 
er  linirbc 
ttnr  toiirbcn 
tfjr  ttiirbct 
fie  ttiirben 


fctn. 

fca6en. 

rccrben. 


id)  ttntrbe 
bu  ttitrbeft 
cr  ttritrbe 


$ett>efen  fetn. 
^TttfaM  fsefcafo  Wen 
i*r»urfeet  Shorten  fetn. 
fte  ttitrben 


190  LESSOR    39. 

1.  For  the  above  forms  of  the  conditional,  the  Imperf.  and 
Pluperf.  Subj.  are  often  substituted  : 

2)a3  roare  fcfyoner,  roenn  e$  ntct>t  fo  grop  That  were  more  beautiful,  were  it 

roare ;  anjlatt :  not  so  large  ;   instead  of  : 

£a$  roiirbe  fd)bner  fetn,  ttenn  e£  rtic^t  fo  That  would  be  more  beautiful,  if  it 

gro§  roare  (or  roare  e$  ntd)t  fo  gro§).  were  not  so  large. 

3d)  batte  e$  mcr>t  geglaubt,  Ijatte  id)  e$  I  had  not  believed  it,  had  I  not 

nid)t  gefeben  ;  anftatt :  seen  it  ;  instead  of : 

3d)  n>iirbe  e$  nid)t  geglaubt  fyaben,  roenn  I  would  not  have  believed  it,  if  I 

id)  e3  ntdjt  gefeljen  l)dtte.  had  not  seen  it. 

SSufne  £crr  Herbert,  roo  id)  bin,  fo  fame  (Here  our  idiom  does  not  admit  of 

cr  ju  mtr ;  anftatt :  a  literal  translation.) 

SSenn  £err  Herbert  roiijjte,  roo  tcf;  bin,  fo  If  Mr.  Herbert  knew  Avhere  I  am, 

ftitrbe  er  ju  mtr  fommen.       •  he  would  come  to  me. 

2.  The  Conditional  mood  is  employed  when  a  condition  is 
supposed  which  is  regarded  as  doubtful  or  impossible  : 

(£r  roiirbe  e3  tbttn,  roenn  er  fbnnte.  He  would  do  it,  if  he  could. 

<S«  wiirben  e3  gertjan  fyaben,  roenn  fte  ba       They  would  have  done  it,  if  they 
geroefen  roaren.  had  been  there. 

3.  The  Conditional  is  employed  interrogatively  to  express 
surprise  or  dissent;  with  a  negative  it  is  used  to  give  emphasis  or 
intensity  to  the  sentence  : 

£raume,  $rtn  j  ?  fo  roaren  e$  nur  Staume       Dreams,   Prince?   have  they  been 

geroefen  ?  but  dreams  ? 

3d)  roiipte  »on  feinem  beffern  $lane.  I  know  of  no  better  plan. 

4.  Sometimes  the  condition,  or  that  on  which  it  depends,  is 
not  exi 


<Sd)roerlidj  modjte  er  beS  ^etnbe^  jhtnb*       He  can  scarcely  deceive  the  scouts 
fcfyaft  bintergefyen.  of  the  enemy. 

5.   To  express  absolute  certainty,  the  Pres.  or  Imperf.  Ind.  is 

sometimes  substituted  for  the  Conditional : 

$tete  ber  (Seittanger  jejjt,  fo  ijt  (for  roare)       Should  the  rope-dancer  now  fall,  he 
er  fcerloren.  is  (certainly)  lost. 


INFINITIVE    MOOD.  191 


SBiefocrljofung.  Recapitulation. 

Ftinf  und  achtzigste  Aufgabe. 

Der  Klieinfall  bei  Schaffhausen. 

Von  SchafFhausen  leiten  auf  beiden  Ufern  des  Rheines  romantische 
Pfade  zu  clem  eine  Stunde  (etwa  zwei  und  eine  halbe  englische 
Meile)  entfernten,  weltberuhmten  Katarakte.  Wenn  man  die  Strasse 
iiber  Feuerthalen  und  Uhlwiesen  auf  der  Zurieher  Seite  einscftlagt 
nach  dem  alterthiimlichen  Schlosse  Laufen,  das  auf  einem  Felsen- 
vorsprung  uber  dem  Bergkessel  ruht,  in  welchen  sich  der  Wasserfall 
donnernd  walzt,  so  iiberblickt  man,  indem  man  in  das  uber  dem  Ab-  i-UJife 
grunde  hangende  Pavilion  tritt,  auf  einmal  tief  zu  seinen  Fiissen  die 
tobende  glanzvolle  Herrlichkeit.  ^ 

Schon  bei  Schaffhausen  bricht  sich  der  Strom  an  einzelnen  vor- 
tauchenden  Klippen.  In  sehoner  Bogenlinie  fluthet  er  zu  der  ver- 
hangnissvollen  Stelle.  Immer  litiufiger  werden  die  Felsenrisse  seines 
Bettes ;  immer  mehr  losen  sich  die  silbergriinen  Wasser  zu  Milch- 
schaum  auf.  Noch  sind  an  einzelnen  klaren  Stellen  die  Steinbanke 
sichtbar,  uber  die  er  hingleitet.  Nun  aber  plotzlich  bricht  die  Strom- 
masse.  Sie  wird  zur  Schneelawine  an  blendender  Weisse  und  Wuth^>e^ 
des  Sturzes ;  zermalmend  sauscn  zwischen  vier  Felsthiirmen  die 
Wasserberge  in  den  60  bis  70  Schuh  weiten  Schlund  Bfern.ieder; 
Staubsaulen  fahren  wirbelnd  in  die  Liifte  und  umschwarmen,  wie 
silberfarbenes  Gewolke,  die  Klippen  gipfel,  —  und  ein  ewiges  Donner- 
getose,  zwischen  welchem  oftmals  hinein  ein  leises,  femes  Glocken- 
gelaute  zu  tonen  scheint,  fullt  mit  seinem  Wiederhall  die  Wande  des 
Gebirges.  \ 


Milan  40.  Lesson  40. 

INFINITIVE   MOOD. 

sBciftnele.  Examples. 

£u  ©cfytoert  an  nteincr  Sittfen,  tt>a<3  foil  Thou  sword  upon  my  left,  what  means 

bcin  fyettrcS  33tinfen  ?  thy  cheerful  gleaming  ? 

Sie  fyatte  cine  2Banbut)r  tm  £aufe  ftefyen.  She  had  a  clock  standing  in  the  house. 

Go  ift  t'cinc  Beit  \\\  ttcrticren.  There  is  no  time  to  lose. 

Gv  i\t  wad)  2)eutfd)Ianb  gereift,  urn  bie  He  has  gone  to  Germany  (in  order)  to 

bcutfcfje  ©pracfye  p  lernen.  learn  the  German  language. 


192 


LESSON    40. 


2Bbrieri)er3et(Jjnt&. 

$er  teller,  -<?,  pi.  -,  cellar,    f  =  c. 

£)er  ©tord),  -i\\  pi.  ©tordje,  stork. 

5Dte  Sranbung,  -,  pi.  -en,  surf. 

SDie  2)etd)fel,  -  pi.  -n,  shafts,  thills. 

25te  3ugcnb,  -,  youth,    j  =  y. 

Die  2Jcuf)e,  -  pi.  -n,  trouble. 

Die  9?ad)ttgaU,  -,  pi.  -en,  nightingale. 

2>O0  33ctragcn,  -*,  heluivior. 

2)a$  geft  -eS,  pi.  -e,  feast,    e  =  ea. 

DaS  Ungliicf,  -3,  misfortune. 

5fufix^arf>fcn,  grow  up  (wadjfen,  wax). 

23cfer)'tcrt,  order,  command. 

Screi'ten,  prepare  (berett,  ready.  t  =  d). 

SBraufen,  roar. 


Vocabulary. 

Srroerben,  acquire. 

$ed)tcn,  fence,  fight,    e  =  i  ;  d)  =  gh. 

gvol),  glad  (fro()ltd),  frolic). 

giiblen,  feel,    it  =  ee. 

©ebor'djen,  obey  (Ijordjen,  hearken). 

£erjltd),  heartily,    e  =  ea  ;  £  =  t. 

ft'lavpcvn,  clatter,  clack. 

Dftmal3,  oft-times,  frequently. 

9iiil)men,  boast,  praise. 

©paji'ren  retten,  ride  on  horseback. 

Itnbequcm,  inconvenient. 

8ar,  for.   »  •** t 
5Bad)en,  watch,    d)  —  tch. 
Bittern,  tremble  (titter,    g  =  t). 


<sc(p  unb  aijtjtgfic  tofgafic. 

1.  55on  3ugenb  auf  {jab'  id)  gelernt  gefjord)en.  2.  $3ann  wer* 
ben  (5ie  febtafen  gefyen  (1.)?  3.  3d)  lege  mid)  gemofyntid)  urn 
get)n  U&r  frfjlafrm  4.  £r  tyat  SBein  im  Metier  liegen  (10.  6.). 
5.  ^atjren  Sic  fyeute  9)?tttag  fpagiren  (2.)  ?  6.  9tein,  an  meinem 
SBagen  ift  tie  Deid)fel  gebrod)en;  id)  toerbe  bect>alb  fpajircn  retten* 
7.  2)a3  nennt  ifjr  arbetten  ?  8.  £anbeln  (3.)  ift  leid)t ;  benfen  ift 
fdjroer ;  nad)  bent  ©ebad)ten  Ijanbeln,  unbequem.  9.  ^)ier  ift  gut 
jctrt ;  t)ier  Iajjt  un3  £iitten  bauen.  10.  $efte  feb'  ids  fro^  berriten, 
11.  3«  groftt  Unglitd  lernt  tin  ebleS  £eq  fid)  ftnben.  12.  3^r 
utadjt  mtd)  gittern,  bod)  nid)t  oor  grcube.  13.  £ort  tfyr  jerte 
23ranbung  braufen  ?  14,  ©terben  ift  Sfttdjts,  aber  leben  unb  ntdjt 
frijen,  ba3  ift  eitt  Ungtiid.  15.  iperr  Sadjmann  lefyrte  mf&  retten 
unb  fed)ten.  16.  3fyr  fat)t  fie  unter  thd)  aufroad)fen.  17'.  2Ber 
(jfefj  eud)  gehen  ?  18.  3d)  fcorte  btefe$  33ud)  ofrmata  rufymen. 
19.  £te  ftad)tigail  roirb  fid)  balb  boren  laffen.  20.  33efehlen  ift 
leid)t;  gebord)en  ift  fcfyvoer.  21.  SGir  ftnb  femes  23etragen3  t)er^ 
Itcr>  mitbe,  22.  £>er  $id)ter  Iie§  ben  2>erbred)er  in'S  ®efangni§ 
loerfen.  23.  Wan  lebt  nidjt,  urn  $u  effen,  fonbern  man  ift,  urn 
gu  leben.  24.  £)em  ©tord>e  gefatlt  fein  Mappem  (4.).  25,  S3ir 
merben  immer  genug  gu  roachen  unb  m  voirfen  tjaben.  26,  $ennt* 
nip  laffen  ftd)  nid)t  oljne  grope  9ftitije  ertoerben. 


INFINITIVE   MOOD. 


193 


Exercise  87. 

I.  We  hear  the  birds  singing  (1.).  2.  He  who  does  not  learn 
to  obey  cannot  learn  to  command.  3.  Who  taught  you  to 
sing  1  4.  We  saw  the  boys  playing.  5.  The  children  remained 
sitting  until  the  teacher  told  them  to  go.  6.  I  hear  some  one 
up  stairs  singing.  7.  Let  us  take  a  ride  in  a  carriage  (2.). 
8.  No,  I  prefer  riding  on  horseback.  9.  This  story  is  not  to  be 
believed  (10.  5.).  10.  My  name  is  Adolphus.  11.  Keep  your 
seat  (remain  sitting).  12.  Are  you  learning  to  draw?  1.3.  I 
have  learned  to  draw.  14.  I  learn  to  read  a  language  before 
I  speak  it.  15.  Smoking  (4.)  is  an  expensive  habit.  16.  Fashion 
(14.  2.)  teaches  us  to  waste  time  and  health  and  money.  17. 
How  is  this  called  (1.)  in  German'?  18.  It  is  called  ...  I  know 
not  how.  19.  I  heard  the  clock  strike  a  few  minutes  ago.  20. 
Remain  standing  until  the  clock  strikes.  21.  The  doctor  is  to 
be  seen  at  four  o'clock.     22.  Let  us  take  a  walk  (2.). 


®rammaftfdje§.  Grammatical. 

1.    The  Infinitive,  with  one  of  the  following  verbs,  is  used 
ithout  $u,  and  often  best  rendered  by  our  Present  Participle : 


bletben,  remain. 

fiiblen,  feel. 

ftnbcn,  find. 

Qef)en,  go. 

Ijctfjcn,  bid,  tell. 
<£r  blteb  ft£en. 
3$  fybre  ilm  fommert. 
3$  fu&Ie  ben  gtoia  fd)Tagen. 
©old)  em  2lnbltcf  madjt  mid)  immer  ladjen. 
3d)  Ijalf  tf)m  arbetten. 
3d)  (erne  jetdjnen. 


Ijelfen,  help. 
Ijoren,  hear, 
legen,  lay. 
leljren,  teach. 
V 


lernen,  learn. 
mad)en,  make, 
nennen,  call. 
fefyen,  see. 


He  remained  sitting  (kept  his  seat). 

I  hear  him  coming. 

I  feel  the  pulse  beating  (beat). 

Such  a  sight  always  makes  me  laugh. 

I  helped  him  work. 

I  am  learning  to  draw. 


§cijjettr  when  used  intransitively,  often  answers  to  the  passive  of  to  name, 
call,  or  to  the  noun  name,  with  the  verb  to  be  : 

@r  l)et§t  flarl.  He  is  named  (or  his  name  is)  Charles. 

SSie  fyetflt  ba3  tm  8?ranj5jtf#en  ?  What  is  that  called  in  French  ? 

£eigt  baa  arbetten  ?  Do  you  call  that  (or  is  that  called) 

working  ? 


194 


LESSON    41. 


2.  Sjmjt'rett  is  used  chiefly  with  fasten,  fitljrett,  gjljen,  and 

Xtittll,  and  implies  exercise  for  recreation  or  pleasure  : 

I  walk  ;  you  ride  (in  a  carriage). 
My  friend,  Mr.  Bernhard,  rides  (on 


3d)  gelje  fpagtren ;  <5ie  fafyren  fpaghm 
Wlein  ftreunb,  £err  Sern&arb,  rettet 


fpajtren. 


horseback). 


3.    The  Infinitive  (usually  without  Jtt)  often  stands  as  the 
subject  of  a  sentence  : 


©3  i|l  fcffer  Unred)t  letben,  aU  Unred)t 

tljim. 
(Scinen  ^etnbcn  perjetfjen,  iff  ebel. 
(S3  iff  ein  garner  Sob,  serbrennen. 


It  is  better  to  suffer  wrong  than  to 

do  wrong. 
To  forgive  one's  enemies  is  noble. 
It  is  an  ugly  death,  to  be  burned. 


4.  The  Infinitive,  when  used  substantively  (10.  6.),  is  treated 
as  a  neuter  noun  and  answers  to  the  substantive  use  of  the 
participle  in  English  : 

T)a$  Siigen  fdjabet  bent  Siianer  am  mciflen.     Lying  injures  the  liar  the  most. 
Die  erfle  SBtrfung  be3  £uo,en$  ijl  SKip*     The  first    effect    of   lying  is  dis- 
trauen.  trust. 


Scftton  41.  Lesson  41. 

PARTICIPLES    AND   IMPERATIVE. 


tfetn  2>orn  Perlefce  bte  etlenben  %u$t 

unb  feme  fd)letd)enbe  <3d)lange  beinc 

gerfe. 
Stoftt  ouf  ben  SBea.  cjeftreut  unb  be$ 

^arrnS  ttergefjen. 
<Sd)Iag  ge&n  fcrtngt  tr>r  bent  £er$og  fetfcji 

bie  <3c&Tuflel. 
(£r  fdjabet  fid)  baburd),  bap  er  ju  tttel 

fd)laft. 
Urtebe  fet  mtt  btr !    griebe  fet  nut  bet* 

nen  £elfem! 


Examples. 

May  no  thorn  wound  thy  (the)  has- 
tening feet,  and  no  crawling  ser- 
pent thy  heel. 

Let  roses  on  the  path  be  thrown 
and  sorrows  be  forgotten. 

Precisely  at  ten  bring  the  keys  to 
the  duke  himself. 

He  injures  himself  by  sleeping  too 
much. 

Peace  be  with  thee.  Peace  be  with 
thy  helpers. 


PARTICIPLES    AND    IMPERATIVE. 


105 


SSoriertoerjetdjntB. 

2>er  33ebien'tc,  -n,  pi.  -n,  servant. 
Der  23eruf ,  -e3,  duty,  calling. 
£>cr  (EigenniU),  -e3,  self-interest. 
£)er  gltmmcrfd)ctn,  -9,  glimmer. 
2)er  fyiirf!,  -en,  pi.  -en,  prince. 
2>er  ©lanj,  -t$>  pomp,  glance. 
Ter  .£afe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  hare,    f  =  r. 
2>er  ^amerab',  -en,  pi.  -en,  comrade. 
Der  JRappe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  black  steed. 
£er  llmgang,  -£,  company,  intercourse. 
$ie  ©efcHftyaft  -,  pi.  -en,  society. 
£te  £aft,  -,  haste. 
Die  9)erle,  -,  pi.  -n,  pearl,    e  =  ea. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  <3d)ranfe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  bound,  limit. 

Die  Me,  -,  pi.  -n,  billow  (well). 

9lrbettfam,  industrious,  active. 

©cftrafen,  punish. 

$rifd)  auf,  up,  onward. 

QHoitgCtt,  glitter,  glance. 

Soofen  (or  lofen),  draw  lots,  gamble. 

spimftltd),  punctual. 

9ied)tfd)affen,  honest. 

<3d)aumen,  foam,  scum,    an  =  u. 

(Streng,  severe,  strong,    e  =  o. 

(5d)tt>anfen,  stagger  (Prov.  swag). 

,3aumen,  bridle  (3<xum,  team.    $  =  t). 


M)t  unb  adjtjtgfte  ^lufgaBe. 

1.  £)er  braufenbe  SBinb  treibt  ba$  fcfymanfenbe  ©cbiff  burd)  bie 
fdniumenben  SBellen.  2.  £)iefer  ^flann  ift  ein  gu  beftrafenber  (3.) 
2>erbred)er.  3.  £)ort  lommt  tin  Wann  in  ttofler  £aft  gelaufen  (2.). 
4.  Der  alte  9ftann  fcfyreibt  mtt  gitternber  £anb.  5.  Sin  fd)fafen= 
bcr  ipunb  fangt  feinen  £afen.  6.  grifd)  auf!  ^ameraben,  ben 
happen  a,e$aumt  (9.) !  7.  SSerltere  nid)t  fur  eiteln  ©fang  nnb 
glimnierfdjetn  bie  ad)tc  $erle  beitte^  2BertI)e3.  8.  £fyuft  bu  etmaS 
®ute£,  fo  fud)e  bid)  nid)t  bafiir  begafylt  gu  ntad)en,  benn  burd) 
(Eia,ennu£  tterliert  jebe  a,ute  £anbtuna,  ifyren  $3ertl).  9.  Siebe,  \va$ 
recfyt  ift,  nnb  t()ue,  toad  bu  liebft ;  benfe,  n?a3  rcafyr  ift,  unb  fage 
nidjt  2lUe3,  ttas  bu  benfft,  fo  mirft  bu  redUfd)affen  unb  luetfe.  10. 
Jpo^er,  benn  ^tCIed  fd)a^e  ben  Umgang  mit  SBeifen.  11.  ©ud)e 
feinen  ^enfeben,  and)  ben  fd)road)ften  nid)t,  in  ©efellfcfyaft  Xad>erltd> 
§it  mad)en.  12.  Sri  ftrencje,  orbentlid),  pitnftltd),  arbeitfam  unb 
fieijh'a,  in  beinem  23erufe.  13.  Die  brennenbe  (Sonne  fdjmilgt  ben 
^Kin^enben  <Sd)nce.  14.  <8d)iden  @ie  3bren  Sebienten  gu  mir. 
15.  <2age  bem  3cd)ann,  er  foil  fommen.  16.  35ere  unb  orbeite. 
17.  £a§t  un3  in  unfern  (2d)ranfen  bletben.  18.  £)enfe  3eber  nur 
an  bas  9?ad)fte ;  laffen  \viv  bie  ©rogen,  ber  Srbe  gurften,  urn  bte 
(Srbe  (oofen. 


196  LESSON    41. 

Exercise  89. 

1.  The  falling  rain  refreshes  the  fading  flowers.  2.  A  stand- 
ing tree  is  more  beautiful  than  a  fallen  one.  3.  The  children 
come  running  (2.)  and  leaping.  4.  Never  trouble  another  for 
what  you  can  do  yourself.  5.  Never  say  disagreeable  things, 
and  never  see  them,  if  you  can  avoid  it.  G.  Wait  till  I  have 
read  my  letter.  7.  Do  not  injure  yourself  by  sleeping  too 
much.  8.  Let  us  not  despair,  but  work  and  wait.  9.  Remain 
standing  until  you  are  called.  10.  The  falling  snow  covers  the 
smiling  valley.  11.  Govern  your  subordinates  by  treating  them 
kindly.  12.  The  burning  sun  drives  the  lowing  herds  into  the 
forests.  13.  "So  be  it,"  said  the  king,  smiling.  14.  The  smil- 
ing spring  brings  us  the  smiling  flower.  15.  The  hoping  hus- 
bandman sees  with  joy  the  swelling  buds  and  the  ripening  corn. 
16.  The  boy  stood  on  the  burning  deck.  17.  Do  not  speak 
otherwise  than  thou  thinkest ;  speak  not  all  that  thou  thinkest. 
18.  Let  us  go  to  tne  concert.  19.  A  sleeping  lion  is  less 
dangerous  than  a  waking  fox. 

©rammattfdjcS.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Present  Participle  used  attributively,  when  having 
an  object,  is  preceded  by  the  object  : 

2>cr  U)tt  toknbe  Setyrer.  The  teacher  who  pjaises  him. 

2.  The  Perfect  Participle  sometimes  answers  to  our  Present 
Participle,  or,  like  many  other  words,  it  may  often  be  varied  or 
omitted  in  translation,  according  to  the  different  idioms  of  the 
two  languages  : 

(Er  fam  bie  <Stra£e  ^ergc^ogcn.  He  came  (strolling)  along  the  street. 

2)a3  ©elb  tji  serloren  gegangen.  The  money  is  (gone)  lost,    [(flown). 

■§>eulenb  fommt  ber  (Sturm  geflogen.  Howling  comes   the   storm  flying 

3.  There  is  a  third  or  Puture  Participle,  formed  from  transi- 
tive verbs  by  prefixing  JU  to  the  present  participle  ;  it  always 
has  a  passive  signification  and  implies  necessity  or  obligation  : 

£>te  gu  fiird)tenbe  ©efar)r.  The  to-be-feared  danger. 

2)a3  gu  bauertbe  £au$.  The  house  which  is  to  be  built. 


PARTICIPLES    AND    IMPERATIVE.  197 

4.  In  the  Imperative  the  subject  is  usually  not  expressed  : 

$ctrl,  6ringe  (not  fringe  bu)  mix  bad  23ud).       Charles,  bring  me  the  book. 
$inber,  gef)t  (notgefyt  i()r)  in  btefeS  £au3.       Children,  go  into  this  house. 

5.  When  the  third  person  is  used  for  the  second,  the  Impera- 
tive is  expressed  by  the  subjunctive  : 

<5e£en  <5ie  fid),    ©eten  Sie  rufjtg.  Be  seated.     Be  quiet. 

©d)icfe  er  bad  spferb  morgen.  Send  the  horse  to-morrow. 

©ef)en  (£intge  unb  giinbcn  SReU^oIj  an,  (Let)  some  go  and  kindle  brush, 
ba§  c£  lot)  brenne,  ttenn  bie  banner  that  it  may  burn  brightly  when 

fomnten.  the  men  come. 

6.  The  Imperative,  when  including  the  first  and  second  per- 
sons, is  usually  expressed  by  the  aid  of  fttffctt,  sometimes,  how- 
ever, by  the  first  person  plural  of  the  subjunctive  : 

2)er  @d)Webe  fagt  md  £ulfe  gu ;  lajjt       The  Swede  promises  us  aid  ;  let  us 

unS  fie  mtfeeiu  use  it. 

SSerjrtgen  toir  and)  nid)t  gu  fritlj.  Let  us  not  despair,  however,   too 

soon. 

7.  The  auxiliary  foKcit  is  often  used  with  the  signification 
of  the  Imperative : 

Sfyr  foftt  nid)t  toetter  gefjen.  Do  not  go  farther  (go  no  farther), 

©ef)  {)in!  bu  fottfl  auf  (Erben  fur  mi<§  Go  forth  !  testify  for  me  on  earth  ! 
geugcn ! 

8.  The  Imperative,  when  specially  positive,  is  sometimes 
expressed  by  the  indicative  : 

1)it  geftfl  (instead  of  get)).  You  go  (instead  of  go). 

£>u  ukrnimmft  bie  fpan1fd)en  $egtnten=  You  take  charge  of  the  Spanish  regi- 

ter,  mad))t  immer  Stnffcut  unb  nnrft  ments,  constantly  make  prepara- 

niematS  ferttg,  unb,  treikn  fie  bid),  tions  and  never  be  ready,  and  if 

gegen  mid)  JU  $%%  fo  fagfi  bu  \a,  they  urge  you  to  march  against 

unb  bkibft  gefeft'ett  ftetjen.  —  <5d)itter.  me,  say  yes  and  remain  fettered 

standing. 

9.  The  Imperative  is  often  expressed  by  the  perfect  participle, 
by  a  single  noun,  or  by  an  adverb  : 

9?tdit  fo  taut  gefprodkn.  Don't  speak  so  loud  (not  so  loud). 

9ld)tung  !  »ortt>tirt$ !  Attention  !  forward  ! 

2)er  ©ergtoeg  ijffnet  fid) ;  nur  frifd)  mir  The  mountain  path  opens  ;  follow 
ttCtd).  me  at  once. 


198 


LESSON    42. 


fieftian  42.  Lesson  42. 

COMPOUND  VERBS.   SEPARABLE  AND  INSEPARABLE. 


Setfjriefe. 

©ie  atMIicfyflen  ©tunben  fctned  Sebend 

bringt  cr  untcr  ben  SMumcn  511. 
2)er  SBetfe  |feft  bad  9?it£ltd)e  bcm  3In* 

genefymen  unb  bad  9totb,roenbia,e  bem 

9iu£lid)en  *or. 
G^  |te^en  bte  luftigen  58olfcn  am  £im* 

mcl  bat)tn  unb  babcr. 
3m  SBtntcr  rufyt  bie  (Srbe  and  unb  fam* 

melt  neue  Jtrftfte. 


Examples. 

The  happiest  hours  of  his  life  he 

spends  among  the  flowers. 
The  wise  man  prefers  the  useful  to 

the  agreeable  and  the  necessary 

to  the  useful. 
The  airy   clouds  float  hither  and 

thither  in  the  sky. 
In  (the)  winter  the  earth  reposes 

and  collects  new  strength. 


2Bortcrtiersetdjni&. 

$cr  tfefiofc  -e3,  pi.  -fafce,  sketch, 
essay. 

£>er  9lugenMtcf,  -3,  pi.  -e,  moment. 

£)er  Staatdserbredjer,  -3,  pi.  -,  state- 
criminal. 

£>er  23orfprung,  -3,  pi.  -fpriinge,  promi- 
nence. 

£)er  SSUbljeuer,  -3,  pi.  -,  hay-gatherer 
on  wild  lands. 

2)er  SBunbarjt,  -ed,  pi.  -argte,  sur- 
geon. 

$te  ftelbfrudjt,  -  pi.  -fritdjte,  field- 
produce. 

£>ie  ®ei§,  -,  pi.  -n,  goat,    et  =  oa. 

2)ie  £reppe,  -  pi.  -n,  staircase,  flight 
of  stairs. 

$0$  ®efd)tt>ur',  -#,  pi.  -e,  ulcer. 

Sad  £eil,  -3,  welfare  (fyetlen,  heal). 

Slbmafjcn,  mow  off  (maljen,  mow). 

9lbrei§en,  pull  down. 

§led)t,  genuine. 

Slnfummen,  arrive  (an,  on  ;  fommen, 
come). 


Vocabulary. 

Slufgefjen,  rise  (auf,  up  ;  getyen,  go). 
Sluffdmetben,  cut  open. 
9Iuffd)retben,  note,  write  down. 
9fuffpetd)ern,  garner. 
Sfudarkiten,  elaborate,  compose. 
2ludbrefd)en,  thrash,    b  =  th. 
9tu3fpred)en,  pronounce. 
SluStaufcfyen,  interchange. 
Saufallig,  liable  to  fall. 
23efttm'men,  fix,  determine. 
2)urd)marfd)tren,  march  through. 
Gutbtnben,  bind, 
(gmfammeln,  gather. 
(Einfcfyretben,  write  down  (or  in). 
(Etnmanbern,  immigrate. 
(Ettern,  fester  (obs.  atter,  poison). 
(Empcr'fUmmen,  climb  up. 
£mab'frur$en,  cast  down  O^urjen,  start). 
Innun'terfatten,  drop,  fall. 
2ftittf)etten,  communicate. 
3ftonatttd),  monthly,    t  =  th. 
<5td)  etnftnben,  come,  appear, 
llmfebren,  turn  back. 


COMPOUND  VERBS.   SEPARABLE  AND  INSEPARABLE.     199 

*Rcwtjtgjle  ^ufgafie. 

1.  @g  tuanbem  etwa  20,000  Deutfdje  monatltdj  in  Slmerifa 
etn  (2.)»  2.  $aben  ©ie  ftd)  gur  befttmmten  ©tunbe  eingefun* 
ben  (2.)?  3.  3a,  tc^  fam  gerabe  int  redjten  Sfugenbiicfe  an* 
4.  2$arum  reigt  man  btefeg  £aug  ab  ?  5.  28et(  eg  baufallig  ijh 
6.  Die  SBilbbeuer  matjen  bag  ©rag  oon  ben  3Sorfpritngen  ber 
fd)reffen  gelfen  ab,  311  benen  felbft  bie  ©eig  ntc^t  mefyr  emporfiim* 
men  fann.  7.  Der  23ud)binber  i)at  biefe  53iid)er  biibfc^  eingebun* 
ben.  8.  Die  Corner  ftiiqten  bie  ©taatgserbredjer  tiom  £arpe'jifd)en 
gelfen  fyinab.  9.  Der  $nabe  fief  bie  Sreppe  fyinunter  nnb  brad) 
ciu  33ein.  10.  5l(g  ttnr  an  ben  breiten  <Sump[  famen,  iiberlegren 
(5.)  tuir,  ob  eg  beffer  fet,  umjufefyren  ober  muttyig  burd)$umarfd)i= 
ren  (5.).  11.  £aft  bu  (Stroag,  fo  luetic  mtr-g  mit,  nnb  id)  gable, 
tuag  red)t  ift ;  btft  bu  (Srmag,  0  bann  taufdjen  bie  Seeten  h>ir  aug, 

12.  $akm  @ie  aufgefdmeben,  tuag  id)  Stywn  geftern  mtttfjeilte? 

13.  3a,  aber  ic^  l)abe  bag  33ud)  oerloren,  tvorin  idj  eg  eingefdjrie* 
hm  fyatte*  14.  Diefer  (Sdjiiler  f)at  feinen  2luffa0  gut  aug* 
gearbeitet.  15.  Urn  biefe  3^^eggeit  gefyt  bie  (Sonne  urn  fcier 
Ubr  auf.  16.  <2ie  fpredjen  bie  beurfdjen  Shorter  fefyr  gut  au$. 
17.  Der  fletgige  Sanbmann  §at  feine  ge(bfriid)te  eingefammelt, 
auggebrofefyen  unb  aufgefpeidjert.  18.  Die  tabelnbc  2Bal)rt)eit  beg 
adjtcn  ^reunbeg  ift  bag  s3ftejfer  beg  SSunbargteg,  bag  em  eiternbeg 
©efcbwiir  auffefynetbet ;  eg  *erurfad)t  ©djmerjen,  aber  gum  £eUe 
beg  Seibenben. 

Exercise  91. 

1.  The  bird  has  flown  away  (2.)  and  the  horse  has  rnn  away. 
2.  The  city  still  sustains  the  siege.  3.  Who  has  taken  away 
my  gloves  and  your  umbrella1?  4.  Your  brother  took  away 
your  gloves  yesterday.  5.  At  what  time  do  you  go  out  this 
evening1?  6.  I  shall  not  go  out  this  evening  ;  I  went  out  this 
morning.  7.  Can  you  pronounce  these  words  well  1  8.  lean 
pronounce  them,  but  not  very  well.  9.  Have  you  already  be- 
gun to  read  Schiller's  "  Wallenstein "  1  10.  No,  but  I  shall 
begin  to-morrow ;  my  friend  Albert  began  yesterday.     11.  Does 


200 


LESSON'    42. 


he  pronounce  well?  12.  Yes,  he  pronounces  very  well.  13. 
Why  don't  you  take  away  your  table  1  14.  I  have  not  time  to 
take  it  away.  15.  I  am  copying  letters  for  my  friend  who 
went  away  yesterday.  16.  He  understands  what  you  say,  but 
he  cannot  pronounce  the  German  words  very  well.  17.  When 
will  your  friends  go  away  1  18.  They  have  already  gone  away. 
19.  More  Germans  emigrate  to  America  than  to  all  other  coun- 
tries.    20.  My  friend  writes  me  that  he  will  arrive  to-morrow. 

21.  The   Germans   have    invented    many   useful    instruments. 

22.  I  found  out  who  has  taken  away  my  grammar. 


©rammattf^c§. 


Grammatical. 


1.  Inseparable  compound  verbs  are  formed  by  prefixing  to 
simple  verbs  the  particles  &C,  emj),  Cltt,  tY,   gc,   tier,   jer,   or 

the  adjective  tooff.  Such  compounds  are  all  accented  on  the 
second  syllable,  and  do  not  take  the  prefix  ge  in  the  perfect 
participle  (8.  3.) : 


Pres.  Inf. 

Per/.  Part. 

Pres.  Inf. 

Perf.  Part. 

fdjlagen,  beat ; 

gcffljlttgcn. 

fefcen,  set ; 

gefefct. 

befd)lagen,  bind  about ; 

befd)lagen. 

befefcen,  occupy  ; 

befefct. 

Clttfd)tagen,  get  rid  of ; 

entfd)lagen. 

tntfefcen,  remove  ; 

cntfe&t. 

erftytagen,  kill ; 

erfd)Iagen. 

Crfe£en,  replace  ; 

erfe&t. 

DCrfdjlagen,  drive  away 

tierfd)lagen. 

tierfe^en,  displace  ; 

nerfe^t. 

gcrfcfylagen,  break  ; 

gerfdvfogen. 

jerfe£en,  decompose  ; 

gerfe^t. 

UCf)Cn,  draw  ; 

0ev>gcn. 

enfcen,  end  ; 

gcenbet. 

be$te1jen,  move  to  ; 

bejogen. 

bfenben,  finish  ; 

beenbet. 

eittjtctyen,  deprive  of ; 

enrgogen. 

Dcrenbcn,  die ; 

nerenbet. 

t rgte^en,  educate  ; 

crjogen. 

BOllenben,  accomplish ; 

noKenbet 

Derjteljen,  wrest ; 

Ucrjogcn. 

ftnfccn,  find  ; 

gefunben. 

BOlI$ter;en,  perform  ; 

UOuVgcn. 

befmben,  esteem  ; 

befunben. 

fongen,  catch  ; 

gefangen. 

erftnben,  invent ; 

erfunben. 

emjjfctngen,  receive ; 

emjjfangen. 

emjlfmben,  feel ; 

emjifunben 

fan Q en,  reach  ; 

gelangt. 

rtnncn,  leak  ; 

geronncn. 

belangen,  attain  ; 

belangt. 

cntrtnnen,  escape  ; 

entronnen. 

Crlangen,  acquire  ; 

erlangt. 

gcrinnen,  curdle  ; 

gcronnen. 

gelangen,  come  to ; 

gclangt. 

t»  err  inn  en,  pass  away  ; 

Bcrronnen. 

tierlangen,  demand  ; 

ficrlangt. 

gerrinnen,  dissolve  ; 

jerronnen. 

COMPOUND  VERBS.   SEPARABLE  AND  INSEPARABLE. 


201 


2.  Separable  compound  verbs  are  formed  by  combining 
accented  words  with  simple  verbs  ;  in  a  simple  tense,  in  indepen- 
dent sentences,  as  also  in  the  imperative,  the  separable  com- 
ponent is  removed  from  the  verb,  and  placed  at  the  end  of  the 
sentence. 

$U  (of  the  infinitive),  when  expressed,  is  placed,  like  ge  of  the  perfect 
participle,  between  the  separable  prefix  and  the  simple  verb,  thus  with  these 
forming  one  word  : 


Pres.  Inf.                3c? 

pers.  Pres.  Ind. 

Pres  Inf  with  JU. 

Per/.  Part. 

fdjlOgCtt,  heat ; 

fdjlitgt, 

ju  fdjfagen, 

gestagen. 

aBfd)(agen,  refuse  ; 

fd)tdgt  aB, 

afcjufdjtagen, 

afcgefd)Iagen, 

Ottfd)lagen,  affix  ; 

fd)ldgt  cm, 

anjttfcfytagen, 

angefd)lagett» 

ttll$fd)tagen,  reject ; 

fd)lagt  ttttS, 

au$jufd)lagen, 

aitfgej'djtagen. 

fet)ffd)lagen,  fail  ; 

ftylagt  fetjf, 

fet)I$Ufd)lagen, 

fe&lgefd&Iagetu 

logfd)lagen,  abate ; 

fd)ldgt  Io0, 

loSjufdjlagen, 

Io£gefd)Tagen. 

ftfjttftcn,  estimate  ; 

mw, 

ju  fdjafcen, 

gefajiifct. 

tt6fd>d{?cn,  appraise  ; 

fd)d£t  aB, 

aGjufdjafcett, 

a&gcjtyafct. 

l)0(f)fd)d£en,  estimate  ; 

fd)dfct  tJOOj, 

f)od)jufd)d|3en, 

$od)gefd)d&r. 

tocrt(jfcMt-.en,  estimate  ; 

fd>a£t  toertrj, 

ttertfojttfiMfcen, 

tt)ert&0ef<§.tyt» 

fJiredjCU,  speak  ; 

flirittjt, 

ju  fjireajcn, 

gefjirodjett. 

ttbfpredjen,  refuse  ; 

fpridjt  oB, 

afejufpredjen, 

abgefprod)en. 

ait§fpre*cn,  pronounce  ; 

fprtdt>t  (tug, 

au$$Ufpred)en, 

au3gefprod)en. 

fretfpredjen,  set  free  ; 

fprid)t  fret, 

fretjttfpredxn, 

fretgefprod)en. 

grofefprecfyen,  boast ; 

fpridjt  grofe, 

grcijufpred^en. 

gro&gefproc^en. 

tljlttt,  do  ; 

tw, 

jtt  ttjun, 

gettjan. 

bttrtfmn,  prove  ; 

tfwt    itttr, 

barjutfjun, 

■  bargeman. 

gettltg'tftun,  satisfy  ; 

t&ut    gettug, 

genugjlttfyun, 

gemtggetfyan. 

grofctftun,  swagger  ; 

ttjut    grofe, 

grt^utfnm, 

grojjgct&an. 

Separable  compound  verbs  are  also  formed  by  combining  accented  words 
with  Inseparables  ;  verbs  thus  formed  do  not  take  the  prefix  gC  in  the  per- 
fect participle : 

3d  pers.  Pres.  Inf. 

Pres.  Inf.  sing.  Pres.         with  JU.       Perf.Part. 

Simple  verb,  fcttttcn,  know ;  fcttttt,  JU  fcttttett,      gcfttttttt. 

Inscp.  comp.  crfennen,  recognize  ;  erfennt,  Jtt  erfennen,     erfannt. 

Sep.  comp.     anerfenncn,  acknowledge ;   erfennt  tttt,    anjUerfennen,    tttterfannt. 

3.  Simple  verbs,  compounded  with  the  particles  buret), 
fjtnter,  mt§,  it&er,  um,  unter,  tmber,  toteber,  are  used  some- 


202 


LESSON    42. 


times  as  separable,  sometimes  as 
difference  of  signification  : 

(£r  fcolte  ba3  S3ad)  tutebcr. 
(Er  toiefcer^rte,  n>a$  id)  fagte. 
(£r  fefcte  ben  SRetfenbcn  iibcr. 
(Er  iiberfefc'te  feme  Slufgabe. 

Whether  these  verbs  are  separable  or  inseparable  is  determined  by  their 
accent,  as  indicated  in  the  Vocabularies. 


inseparable,  generally  with  a 


He  fetched  the  book  again. 
He  repeated  what  I  said. 
He  set  the  traveller  across. 
He  translated  his  exercise. 


gtuet  unto  ncmtjtgfte  ^ufgak. 


(Idioms.) 


SBoson  ift  bie  9?ebe  ? 

Gr  ift  roittentf,  fie  gu  befudjen. 

(Sie  bat  $ed)t ;  er  b,at  Unrest. 

ilbnnen  ©te  mix  »ielletd)t  fagen,  tote  ml 

UljreStjl? 
(Ste  gefyen  nad)  SSten,  ntd)t  ? 
£>od)  ntd)t,  id)  gebe  nad)  ©atgburg. 
3d)  babe  etn  SSiertel  auf  2)ret  (or  em 

SStertel  nad)  &mi),  aber  e$  ift  erjt 

brei  SStertel  auf  3»et. 
(Er  fam,  tt>ie  gerufen. 
©$  $  <3cblag  (or  gtonft)  pnf. 
2Bte  lange  ftnb  <Sie  fcb,on  (10.  2.)  in 

Slmertfa  ?     • 
Urn  §alb  Drei  mu§  id)  gefjen.. 
SBaS  mad)t  31jr  greunb  ? 
(Er  bauert  mid). 
(E3  bauerte  mir  gu  lange 
S3itte,  mad)en  <Ste  bie  3#ure  gu;  e$ 

gteb,t. 
3$  fca&e  nod)  geljn  Sftinuten  bis  greet. 
2)er  Dfen  fyat  feinen  3ug  (or  gtebj  md)t). 
(Er  gog  ben  ^iirgeren. 
3d)  f;abe  e3  auSroenbig  gelernt. 
(ES  bat  yii$t$  gu  fagen  (or  gu  bebeuten). 
$urg  unb  gut,  id)  roerbe  bjer  bleiben. 
SBarum  rctten  ©te  nid)t? 
3d)  gefc  iteber  gu  ftufje. 


What  is  the  subject  (spoken  of)  ? 

He  is  inclined  to  visit  them. 

She  is  right ;  he  is  wrong. 

Can  you  (perhaps)  tell  me  what  time 
it  is? 

You  go  to  Vienna  ;  do  you  not  ? 

No,  I  shall  go  to  Salzburg. 

By  mine  it  is  a  quarter  past  two, 
but  it  is  not  more  than  a  quarter 
of  two. 

He  was  just  in  time  (as  if  called). 

It  is  exactly  five  o'clock. 

How  long  have  you  been  in  Ameri- 
ca ? 

At  half  past  two  I  must  go. 

How  is  your  friend  ? 

I  pity  him. 

It  was  too  long  for  me  (to  wait). 

Please  shut  the  door;  there  is  a 
draught  here. 

I  lack  ten  minutes  of  two. 

The  stove  does  not  draw. 

He  got  the  worst  of  it. 

I  learned  it  by  heart. 

It  is  of  no  importance. 

Well  and  good,  I  shall  remain  here. 

Why  do  you  not  ride  (on  horseback)? 

I  prefer  to  walk  (on  foot). 


REFLEXIVE   VERBS. 


203 


9M)men  <Sie  c$  ntdjt  tiki. 
Dlefe  £amen  IjaBen  ftrauer. 
3d)  war  gerabe  im  93egriffc,  ttjm  ju  fdjret* 
kn,  a(3  er  mid)  kfudjte. 


Do  not  take  offence  at  it. 
These  ladies  are  in  mourning. 
I  was  just  going  to  write  him  when 
he  visited  me. 


8c!tfmt  43. 


Lesson  43. 


REFLEXIVE   VERBS. 


Beflexive  Verbs  requiring  the 

fid)  fcbanfen,  thank. 

ftd)  feefleipen,   }      ■,         ,      14. 
nALM  -ci       £  apply  one  s  self 

ftd)befletptgen,) 

fid)  kgeben,  betake. 

fid)  kgnitgen,  be  contented. 

ftd)  fce&elfen,  get  along. 

fid)  bemddjtigen,  take  possession. 

fid)  kfinnen,  bethink  one's  self. 

fid)  entailment,  abstain. 

fid)  entMoben,  divest  of  shame. 

ftd)  entfd)lctgen,  forbear. 

ftd)  entfdjliefien,  resolve. 

fid)  entftnnen,  remember. 

fid)  crfcarmen,  pity. 

fid)  ereifent,  become  angry. 

fid)  erfredjen,  presume. 

ftd>  ergeben,  surrender. 

fid)  erijoten,  recover. 

ftd)  erfalten,  take  cold. 


Reflexive  Pronoun  in  the  Accusative. 


to. 


fid)  erfitbnen,  dare. 

fid)  erfunbigen,  inquire. 

ftd)  erttebjen,  keep  off. 

fid)  fretten,  be  glad. 

fid)  gefyaben,  fare. 

fid)  (dative  or  accusative)  getrcwett,  dare, 

venture. 
ftd)  getroflen,  be  assured. 
fid)  grdmen,  grieve, 
ftd)  fd)dmen,  be  ashamed. 
fid)  fefynen,  long, 
ftd)  unterfangen,  undertake, 
fid)  unterttrinbett,  undertake. 
fid)  tterirren,  lose  the  way. 
ftd)  »erred)nen,  be  mistaken, 
fid)  tterfpaten,  come  too  late, 
ftd)  toeigern,  refuse, 
fid)  ttuberfet'gen,  resist, 
ftd)  rounbern,  wonder,  be  astonished. 


Setfjiiele. 

Tcr  lapfere  ergibt  ftd)  nid)t. 

C£r  fd>amte  ftd)  groar  feined  $el)(er$,  roei* 

gcrte  fid)  aber,  itjn  etngugefteben. 
3d)  fcbne  mid)  nad)  ©infamfcit. 
(Sr  wetp  fid)  in  tie  Umflanbe  ju  fd)icfem 
3d)  erbat  mir  feine  £itlfc. 
2)er  <3d)liiffel  $at  fid)  gefunbtn. 


Examples. 

The  brave  man  does  not  surrender. 
He  was,  it  is  true,  ashamed  of  his 

fault,  but  refused  to  confess  it. 
I  long  for  solitude,    [circumstances. 
He  knows  how  to  adapt  himself  to 
1  begged  (for  myself)  his  aid. 
The  key  is  (has  itself)  found. 


204 


LESSON    43. 


2Ber   nriberfefct   ftd)   bent   SBefc^I   bed 

Stogtd  ?  —  <3d)iller. 
2Bad  ft*  ber  ZeU  gerraut,  bad  fonntet 
3§r  ntc^t  rcagcn  ?  —  <3d>ilter. 


Who  resists  the  commandment  of 

the  governor  ? 
What  Tell  ventures  could  you  not 

risk? 


SBortertJcrjeidjmjj. 

$cr  Sutfentyalt,  -cd,  abode. 

Der  Sabegaft,  -ed,  pi.  -gdfle,  guest  at 
a  watering-place  (©aft,  guest). 

Der  SBabeort,  -ed,  pi.  -e,  watering- 
place. 

Der  £erafc'fturj,  -ed,  descent.  . 

Der  Sannenroatb,  -ed,  pi.  -walber,  pine- 
forest. 

$te  23elofinung,  -  pi.  -en,  reward. 

Die  gtnfamfeit,  -,  solitude. 

Die  (Srwartung,  -,  pi.  -en,  expectation. 

Die  fta&tgfett,  -,  pi.  -en,  ability. 

Die  £auptjtabt,  -,  pi.  -jtabte,  capital. 

Die  2eibenfd)aft,  -,  pi.  -en,  passion. 

Die  Sami'ne,  -,  pi.  -n,  avalanche. 

Die  ©djtteij,  -,  Switzerland. 

Die  S^rannet',  -,  tyranny. 

Die  Skrjerrung,  -,  pi.  -en,  grimace. 

2>ttg  ©eftd)t,  -ed,  pi.  -er,  face  (®id)t, 
sight). 


Vocabulary. 

Dad  (Seebab,  -ed,  pi.  -baber,  sea-bath. 

Dad  &reifcen,  -d,  driving,  bustle. 

Dafetbft',  there. 

D iiftcr,  gloomy  (dusky). 

(Eintreffen,  arrive,  meet. 

Sntfpred)en,  answer,  correspond. 

©eraufd)»oIt,  noisy  (raufd)en,  rush). 

9lecfen,  tease. 

©d)lcd)t,  bad  (slight,    f d)  =  s  ;  e  =  i). 

Sid)  abgefcen,  have  intercourse. 

<3td)  eilen,  hasten. 

©id)  einbtlben,  imagine,   pride  one's 

self. 
Sid)  funbgefcen,  make  known. 
<Sid)  verlaffen  auf,  depend  on. 
(Bid)  juriicf  giefyen,  retire,  withdraw. 
Sid)  jutragen,  happen. 
<3o  giemltd),  tolerably,  pretty  well. 
Ungliidlid),  unlucky,  unhappy. 
Un^eimltd),  dismal. 


$rei  unb  ncunjtgfte  $ufga&e. 

1.  SBerben  ©ic  ftd)  btefen  (Sommer  nad)  etnem  33abeorte  bege* 
Ben  ?  2.  2£ir  ftnb  beffen  (29.  4.)  nod)  nidjt  geroig.  3.  SSorigeit 
(Sommer  begaben  nur  unS  nad)  £ra»emitnbe,  urn  trie  (Seebaber 
bafelbft  ^u  nefymen.  4.  SBtr  fatten  un$  auS  tern  geraufd)9otten 
£eben  unb  Sretben  ber  &anptftabt  fur  einige  donate  gurudjicijen 
tnoflen.  5.  (Sntfprad)  ber  2UtfcnU)alt  in  £r<mmitnbe  3t)ren  &** 
tr-avtungen  ?  6.  ©o  giemlid) ;  ttrir  fefynten  un3  nad)  ^tufye  unb 
(Sinfamfeit  unb  gaben  unS  fetjr  toentg  mtt  ben  anberen  23abegaften 
ah.  7.  Sin  furd)tbared  Unglitd  trug  fid)  t>or  etntgen  Sagen  in  ber 
©djmetg  burd)  ben  ^erabfturg  etner  taurine  fa.    8,  2Btr  mugten 


REFLEXIVE   VERBS.  205 

tuts  auf  nnfer  ®lii<f  sertajfen.  9*  (£r  Mlbet  ftd)  feljr  ^tel  auf  feme 
^enntnijje  em.  10.  SBenn  itjr  end)  eilt,  fount  il)r  nod)  $u  reenter 
3eit  etntreffen.  11.  Die  2Ilten  geben  ftd)  gewofynlid)  gent  ntit 
«ftmbern  ah,      12.   SStr  nnmberten  tins  itber  feme  gabtgfeiten. 

13.  3)te  Sprannet  begniigt  ftd)  nid)t,  ifyr  3Cer!  rntr  ^alb  gu  U)nn. 

14.  (Srbarmet  end)  ber  UnglitcHicben.  15.  Wtan  nmjj  fid)  and)  mit 
SBentgem  git  bet)elfcn  wiffen.  16.  @t  fd)(imt  fid)  feines  fd)led)ten 
23etragen3.  17.  2Bir  serirrten  un3  mafyrenb  eineS  (SpagirgangeS 
in  einen  bitfteren,  unl)eunlid)en  lannemmtlb.  18.  (Es  gtbt  Setben* 
fd)aften  nnt)  <$rabe  son  £eibenfd)aften,  bte  fid)  im  ©eftd)t  bttrd)  bte 
fya£lid)ften  2>ergerrnngen  hmbgeben.  19.  2Ba3  fid)  (25.  9.)  liebr, 
ba$  nedt  ftd).  ©priicfymort.  20.  £)a  id)  fe()e,  bafj  bn  bir  ttiele 
SJZiilje  gegeben  (2.)  fyaft,  magft  bn  bir  erne  23elol)mmg  tvMttm  (2.)» 

Exercise  94. 

1.  He  who  (28.  4.)  will  make  himself  independent  must  get 
along  with  little.  2.  The  enemy  exerted  himself  a  long  time  to 
take  possession  of  the  town,  but  was  finally  compelled  to  retire. 
3.  I  cannot  bethink  myself  of  any  fitting  word.  4.  The  em- 
peror and  the  army  surrendered.  5.  He  has  taken  a  cold  and  ' 
is  recovering  but  slowly.  6.  The  merchant  grieves  over  his 
loss  and  is  ashamed  of  his  improvidence.  7.  He  refuses  to 
undertake  anything  of  this  kind,  and  says  he  longs  for  repose. 
8.  He  is  surprised  that  we  opposed  his  foolish  plan.  9.  I  dare 
not  go  into  so  deep  water.  10.  We  came  too  late,  because  we 
had  lost  the  way.  11.  Of  course  you  will  visit  us  as  soon  as 
possible.  12.  Those  soldiers  do  not  behave  themselves  well. 
13.  Really  good  men  flatter  themselves  sometimes.  14.  The 
earth  turns  (5.)  on  its  axis.  15.  Even  the  enemies  of  a  good 
man  esteem  hirn.  16.  Those  children  strike  each  other.  17. 
Those  men  do  not  understand  each  other.  18.  You  are  not 
your  own  friend,  for  you  flatter  yourself.  19.  Those  men  hate 
each  other.  20.  We  went  (betook  ourselves)  to  Travemiinde, 
a  pleasant  watering-place  near  Liibeck. 


206 


LESSON    43. 


©rammattfdjcs. 


Grammatical. 


1.    There  are  many  more  verbs  in  German  than  in  English 
which  are  used  only  reflexively  : 


<3te  bccjeben  ftd)  nad)  bcr  tfiitfe. 

(Er  bemadjttijte  fid)  bed  ganjen  2an= 

bed. 
3d)  ertmtere  mid)  bed  Sfudbrucfd,  beffen 

bu  bid)  bebtentejh 


They  betake  themselves  to  the  coast. 

He  took  possession  of  the  whole 
country. 

I  remember  (remind  myself  of)  the 
expression  that  you  used  (of 
which  you  availed  yourself). 


2.    Of  the  verbs  which  require  the  reflexive  pronoun  in  the 
dative,  the  following  are  the  most  common  : 

fid)  cutbtlben,  imagine. 


ftd)  cmmafjen,  usurp. 

ftd)  audbebtngen,  condition. 

ftd)  audbttten,  beg. 


fid)  evbtttert,  get  by  entreaty, 
fid)  2flub,e  geben,  take  pains. 


3.    Some   transitive   verbs,    when   used   reflexively,   take   a 
signification  different  from  their  original  one  : 


Slbgeben,  deliver  ; 
Sebenfen,  consider ; 
(£ntfe£en,  displace  ; 
(Sd)tcfen,  send  ; 
SSerlaffen,  leave ; 
3utragen,  carry,  bring 


fid)  abgcben,  have  intercourse. 

fid)  bebcnfen,  hesitate. 

ftd)  entfefcen,  shudder. 

ftd)  fd)tcfen,  be  fit. 

ftd)  fcetlaffen,  rely,  depend  on. 

ftd)  gutragen,  happen. 


4.    Many  of  the  verbs  are  used  intransitively  and  reflexively  in 
the  same  meaning  : 


etlen  or  ftd)  etlett,  hasten, 
serfteiten  or  ftd)  serweilert,  stay. 
pd)tett  or  ftd)  fiiid)ten,  flee. 


fd)tetdjen  or  ftd)  fdjletdjen,  slink, 
nafyen  or  ftd)  nafyett,  approach. 
&c.         &c. 


5.    Transitive  verbs  are  often  used  reflexively  with  intransi- 
tive or  passive  meaning  : 

£cr  £tmmel  bebecft  ftd)  mtt  bunfeln,       The    sky    is    covered    with    dark, 

brobenben  SBotfen.  threatening  clouds. 

25 ie  (Erbe  bre&t  ftd).  The  earth  revolves  (turns  itself). 


REFLEXIVE    VERBS. 


20: 


6.  Idioms. 


<Sie  Iie§en  fid)  burd)  9?id)t3  afcljalten. 
Safien  @tc  fid)  ba£  nid)t  befrembcn. 
gaffen  @ic  fief)  ba$  nid)t  anfedjten. 
2a§t  eud)  bie  Soften  nid)t  bauem. 
IDagegeti  ta§t  fid)  9?id)t3  einmenben. 
@tc  laffen  fid)  fel)r  felten  fefyen. 
3d)  liep  mid)  bet  tf)m  anmclben. 
(£1  bat  fid)  anS  bem  Staube  gemad)t. 
(£r  ljat  fid)  urn  ba$  SSaterlanb  serbient 

gemad)t. 
£aben    @ie    fid)    mit   if)tn    aogefun-- 

ben  ? 
gr  l)at  fid)  eineS  STnbern  (anberS)  befonnen. 
$8a$  mid)  betrifft,  fo  befitmmere  id)  mid) 

9?id)t3  barum. 
3d)  mitt  mid)  nid)t  barein  mifd)en. 
Sin    3eber    ftretfe    ftd)    nad)    feiner 

£ecfe. 
23cfummere  bid)  urn  bid), 
gtnben  ©ie  fid)  [a  jur  red)ten  Beit  ein. 
9J?ad)en  <3ie  fid)  feine  ©orgen. 
(Smpfcblen  3ie  mid)  3(>rem  #errn  SBater 

unb  3f)rer  $raulein  (Sdjwefter. 
3d)  empfel)le  mid)  3f)nen. 
Seben  <Sie  roof)l. 
(£3  fragt  fid),  ob  cr  rcirflidj  fran!  tjt,  ober 

ob  er  fid)  nur  fo  ftellt. 
3d)  gebe  mid)  9Jid)t3  mcf)r  mit  ibm  ab. 
(£3  lobnt  fid)  nid)t  bcr  Sflitlje. 
@eben  <Sie  fid)  feine  9Wiil)e. 
£iite  bid)  »or  bem  erflen  gefyltritt. 
3d)  fomme  mir  »or,  true  ein  Settler. 
£ie  £)icfe  ttefed  SalfenS  serbalt  fid)  ju 

feiner  gangc  mie  2  gu  33. 
eid)  aufS  f)Df)e  9)fcrb  fet^en. 
<Std)  in  ©djranfen  fyalten. 
SBatf  fid)  far  ben  (£inen  fd)icft,  fd)i(ft  fid) 

nid)t  fiir  ben  Slnbcrn. 
(S3  t)anbelt  ftd)  nid)t  urn  tfteitttgfdfctt. 
(Sr  legtc  fid)  fiir  fie  in13  9flittet. 


Nothing  could  deter  them. 

Do  not  be  surprised  at  that. 

Do  not  be  disturbed  by  that. 

Do  not  grudge  the  cost. 

There  can  be  no  objection  to  that. 

You  come  very  rarely. 

I  had  myself  announced  to  him. 

He  has  run  away. 

He  has  merited  the  gratitude  of  his 

country. 
Did  you  come  to  an  agreement  with 

him? 
He  has  changed  his  mind. 
For  my  part  (as  far  as  I  am  con- 
cerned) I  do  not  care  for  it. 
I  will  have  nothing  to  do  with  it. 
Let  every  one  adapt  himself  to  his 

circumstances. 
Mind  your  own  business. 
Do  be  there  at  the  right  time. 
Give  yourself  no  uneasiness. 
Remember  me  to  your  father  and  to 

your  sister. 
Good  by. 
Farewell. 
It  is  questionable  whether  he  is  really 

sick  or  only  feinging  sickness. 
I  no  longer  associate  with  him. . 
It  is  not  worth  (the)  while. 
Do  not  trouble  yourself. 
Beware  of  the  first  lapse. 
I  appear  to  myself  like  a  beggar. 
The  thickness  of  this  beam  is  to  its 

length  as  2  to  33. 
To  take  on  haughty  airs. 
To  keep  within  bounds. 
What  is  becoming  to  one  is  not 

becoming  to  another. 
It  is  not  a  question  of  trifles. 
He  interposed  in  their  behalf. 


208 


LESSON    44. 


Mtion  44. 


Lesson  44. 


IMPERSONAL    VERBS. 


Seifjriele. 

(£3  foil  an  mix  nidrt  fefylen. 

(£3  i\i  mtr  gmjr  bamit. 

S3  gtbt  cine  2lrt  son  Sftcnfdien,  tie  man 
vide  3al)re  Iang  beooaditen  fann,  otjne 
mit  fid)  cinig  $u  merben,  oh  man  fie  in 
bie  Piaffe  ber  fcfyttadjcn  ober  ber  fcbfen 
Scute  feften  foil. 


Examples. 

There  shall  be  no  lack  on  my  part. 

I  am  in  earnest  about  it. 

There  is  a  kind  of  men  whom  we 
may  observe  for  many  years  with- 
out being  able  to  come  to  a  con- 
clusion as  to  whether  to  place  them 
in  the  class  of  weak  or  of  wicked 
people. 


SSortcrberjeidjmfe. 

$er  SfaWitf,  -3,  look,  sight. 

Der  Srnfr,  -e3,  seriousness,  earnest. 

Der  Bunfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  spark. 

Der  3ammer,  -3,  misery. 

Der  9Nutfj,  -e3,  courage  (mood.  t  =  d). 

Der  9?eib,  -e$,  envy. 

Der  Drt,  -e3,  pi.  Derter,  place. 

$tC  9lnmerfung,  -,  pi.  -en,  remark. 

Tic  jnfel,  -,  pi.  -n,  island. 

Die  <3d)lano,e,  -,  pi.  -n,  snake. 

Die  28elt,  -,  pi.  -en,  world. 

$d8  ftrofobit,  -3,  pi.  -e,  crocodile. 

9tuff)bren,  cease. 

SluSfiifyren,  finish,  carry  out. 


Vocabulary. 

Durflen,  thirst,    b  =  th  ;  u  =  i. 
^ajr,  almost,  fast,  near  to. 
gricren,  to  freeze,    ie  =  ee  ;  r  =  z. 
©iftig,  venomous. 
£uno.ern,  to  hunger. 
33lanb,  -3,  Iceland. 
2eib  tfjun,  to  be  sorry. 
Sarbt'nten,  -<3,  Sardinia. 
Sd)mer$en,  grieve,  smart,    fd)  =s  s. 
<3id)  ent^wei'en,  quarrel  {jpoi,  two). 
&i<$)  creio/nen,  happen,  occur. 
©prengen,  gallop, 
ttekqcu'gen,  convince. 
25olIftdnbig,  entirely. 


giittf  unb  neunjtgftc  ^CufgaBe. 

1.  £3  eretpet  fic^  (1.)  fetten,  ba§  gute,  oerfKinbtge  £ente  fldj 
entjtoeten.  2.  2fof  ber  3nfei  Walta  gifct  (13.  12.)  e3  feine 
8d)(angen ;  in  ©arbtnten  $tbt  e3  fetne  SDb'Ife ;  in  £eutfd)lanb 
iitbt  es  feine  jtrofobile ;  onf  3^1anb  giW  eS  nic^t^  ©tftiges ;  aber 
in  ber  i]an3en  2£elt  ift  fetn  Drt,  two  e3  feinen  9Jeib  $tbt.  3.  (£3 
fdjlaft  fid)  gut  an  bem  SSajJerfafJe.  4.  S3  oerftefyt  fidj  oon  felbft, 
bag  ityr  greunb  fieute  nicfyt  fommen  twirb ;  bie  SBege  ftnb  %u  fdjled)t 


IMPERSONAL    VERBS.  209 

5.  (Er  fprengte,  bag  eg  gnnfen  froS.  6.  Wild)  fcfymergt  ber  2lnMicf 
beg  3ammerg.  7.  @^  t^ut  bent  ^trtakn  fetyt  Icib,  bag  er  fo  tiaaV 
lajftg  gemefen  ift.  8,  9QM)  frtcrt  (2.)  unb  fyungert.  9.  Unb  mid) 
bitrftet.  10.  $in  Wann,  bcm  eg  an  SOiutl)  fefylr,  ift  me  ein  guter 
Solbat.  II,  .ftommt  3()r  23ruber  fyeure  an?  12.  3d)  rceig  eg 
nid)t  beftimmt;  eg  miirbe  mid)  fefyr  freuen.  13.  (Eg  ift  ifym  enblid) 
gelungen,  feinen  greunb  gu  ubergeugen.  14.  (Eg  rcgnet  fd)on  feit 
groei  (Stnnben  unb  fcfyetnt  tmmer  nod)  nid)t  auffyoren  gu  tcoflen. 
15.  (Eg  fcfyneit  unb  friert  im  SBinter,  nnb  regnet  unb  fyagelt  im 
©ommer.  16,  2lnmerfungen,  bie  man  tuafyrenb  beg  ©tubireng 
mad)t,  fe()lt  (2.)  nodj  »iel  gu  einem  25ud)e.  17.  3ft  eg  3t)nen 
(Ernft  mit  biefem  pane?  18.  3d)  mocfyre  fa  (I  fagen,  eg  mar  mir 
(Ernft  bamit ;  benn  er  tjt  fd)on  faft  ooflftanbig  auggefiifyrt 

Exercise  96. 

1.  It  would  be  difficult  to  determine  whether  the  prudence 
of  the  leader  or  the  blindness  of  the  enemy  most  excites  our 
astonishment.  2.  It  may  be  as  you  say.  3.  I  would  be  very 
glad  (1.)  to  accompany  you  home,  but  I  fear  it  will  rain.  4.  Do 
you  not  see  how  it  lightens  and  hear  how  it  thunders?  5.  Yes, 
I  think  it  will  rain  very  soon.  6.  It  is  questionable  whether 
our  friends  will  be  able  to  come  as  they  have  promised.  7.  The 
peasants  have  finally  succeeded  in  selling  their  horses.  8.  It  is 
questionable  whether  he  can  do  that.  9.  They  say  they  are 
very  sorry  that  they  did  not  succeed  in  convincing  us  that 
we  were  wrong.  10.  What  is  the  matter;  why  are  all  those 
people  running  into  the  house]  11.  I  do  not  know;  something 
must  have  happened.  12.  I  am  very  sorry  not  to  have  visited 
you,  but  it  was  so  cold  while  you  were  in  the  city  that  I  could 
not  go  out.  13.  It  sometimes  happens  that  lazy  people  are 
very  rich,  but  never  that  they  are  wise,  learned,  useful,  or 
happy.  14.  This  man  is  not  hungry,  but  he  is  very  cold.  15. 
I  have  a  horror  (1.)  of  that  man.  16.  There  are  meteoric 
stones  which  have  a  weight  of  some  hundreds  of  pounds. 
17.  There  is  a  lack  of  those  things  which  we  most  need. 
13 


210  LESSON    44. 

©rammattfojcS.  Grammatical. 

1.  Besides  the  words  denoting  natural  phenomena,  as  e§  bfltts 
ttCft,  it  thunders,  &c.  (alike  impersonal  in  both  languages),  there 
are  many  verbs  in  German,  impersonally  used,  which  answer  to 
the  neuter  or  passive  in  English  : 

Si  bat  jlarf  geregnet.  It  has  rained  hard. 

Si  nadjtet  fdjon.  It  is  already  growing  dark  (night). 

S  i  grauet  mir  »or  ifim  (bawr).  I  have  a  horror  of  him  (of  it). 

Si  gelujtet  iljn  nad)  5lttemf  tt)ai  er  ftebt.       He  covets  everything  that  he  sees. 

Si  freut  mid).  I  am  glad  (lit.  it  rejoices  me). 

Si  hunger*  unb  biirftet  uni.  We  are  hungry  and  thirsty. 

Si  »erfiel)t  fid)  son  felfl  (tjl  felbjfoer*       It  is  a  matter  of  course  (is  self- 

fianbltd)).  evident). 

Si  gdang  tfjm,  ei  gu  tbun.  He  succeeded  in  doing  it. 

(£3  tf)M  uni  Sttten  fefjr  letb.  We  are  all  very  sorry. 

Si  fd>rotnbett  t^ncn.  They  feel  dizzy. 

Si  bat  tbm  geftnp  getraumt.  He  has  certainly  heen  dreaming. 

Urn  tteldje  3^tt  tagt  ei  ?  What  time  does  it  dawn  (grow  light)  ? 

2.  An  Impersonal  verb  is  sometimes  preceded  by  an  object ; 
the  pronoun  c3  being  omitted  : 

2J?td)  Ijungert.  I  am  hungry. 

Uni  biirftct.  We  are  thirsty. 

Wix  fdjttrinbett.  I  feel  dizzy. 

Sfjnen  fjat  getraumt.  You  have  dreamed. 

3.  £  lilt  fcit,  impersonally  used,  takes  either  the  dative  or 
accusative: 

$fli<$)  biinft,  fte  Batten  9ted)t.  Methinks  they  were  right. 

2)ai  biinft  mtr  bod)  gu  grajjltd).  That  really  seems  to  me  too  horrible. 

4.  JJeljIett,  gefiredjett,  and  mattgeltt  are  often  used  imper- 
sonally construed  with  the  dative  of  a  person,  and  usually  fol- 
lowed by  ail  with  the  dative  of  a  thing  : 

Si  fer^Ct  tt)m  ntdjt  an  gutem  SBtffen.  He  was  not  lacking  in  good  will. 

2)em  ®(utflid)en  fann  ei  an  9itd)ti  ge-       The  happy  man  can  be  in  want  of 

bredjen.  nothing. 

Sin  Sebenimttteln  mangelt  ei  ifinen.  There  is  a  lack  of  provisions  with 

them. 


FORMATION    OF    THE    PASSIVE    VOICE. 


211 


5.  Verbs,  intransitive  as  well  as  transitive,  are  often  used 
impersonally  and  reflexively  to  denote  an  action  or  a  state  in- 
dependently of  any  particular  subject : 


(£3  fragt  fid),  ob  £emrid)  feme  £rfpar= 

tiiffe  auf  bie  SSanf  tragen  tmrb. 
Seb^aft  traumt  ftd)13  imter  btefem  S3aum. 
(£3  fai)rt  fid)  gut  auf  biefem  SBagen. 
S3  gebitijrt  fid)  nid)t,  ba$  ju  ttum. 
(S3  gel)6rt  fid),  unfere  (Eltern  $u  lieben 

unb  m  e&ren. 
(£<3  tragt  ftcf>  nid)t  felten  ju,  ba§  unter 

einem  unfcfyeinbaren  Meibe  bie  fd)bn* 

fteu  Xalente  serborgen  fmb. 


It  is  questionable  whether  Henry 
will  put  his  savings  in  the  bank. 

One  dreams  briskly  under  this  tree. 

This  is  an  easy  carriage  to  ride  in. 

It  is  not  proper  to  do  that. 

It  is  our  duty  (it  behooves  us)  to 
love  and  honor  our  parents. 

It  not  unfrequently  happens  that 
under  an  unsightly  garb  the  most 
brilliant  talents  are  concealed. 


6.  ©cfjctt,  impersonally  used  with  the  dative,  often  answers 
to  the  verb  to  be,  either  with  the  nominative  or  with  the  objective 
governed  by  with  : 

2Bie  geljt13  31)nen  ?  or  How  are  you  ?  or 

2Bie  geljt1$  ?  How  is  it  with  you  ? 

_    '     -  -.'■■ "*,*   _  '  c         It  is  iust  the  same  with  me. 

©3  gcljt  mir  ebenfo.  <         T        ■    .  ^ 

(  I  am  just  the  same. 


Scftton  45. 


Lesson  45. 


FORMATION    OF   THE    PASSIVE    VOICE.       PARADIGMS    OF    THE   NEW 
AND    OLD    FORMS    OF    CONJUGATION. 


JBeiftiiele. 

2)en  $etd)tljum  unb  bte  ©eftmb^eit  ge* 

nie§t  man  oft  am  meiften,  roenn  fie 

untcrbrocfycn  roorbcn  (finb). 
2>er  ©eniuS  mirb  nur  uom  ®eniu3  ge= 

fapt,  bie  eble  Sftatur  nur  »on  if)vc3 

®(etd)en. 
DaS  QJliiff  ber  ®efeflfd)aft  nrirb  ebenfo 

febr  burd)  £f)orb>it,  al3  burd)  iBcr^ 

bred)en  unb  Rafter  geftort. 


Examples. 

"Wealth  and  health  are  often  most 
enjoyed  when  they  have  been  in- 
terrupted. 

Genius  is  comprehended  only  by 
genius,  a  noble  nature  only  by 
its  peer. 

The  happiness  of  society  is  inter- 
rupted quite  as  much  by  folly  as 
by  crimes  and  vices. 


212 


LESSON    45. 


SBbrtetucrjcidjtttfe. 

$er  5Mfen,  -*,  pi.  -  beam,  balk. 

Der  Sctta'sner,  -3,  pi.  -  Batavian. 

2)cr  ©emfenjager,  -«,  pl.  -,  chamois- 
hunter. 

SDcr  ©roll,  -4,  grudge  (groflen,  growl). 

Dcr  ^elbenmutfj,  -3,  heroism. 

£>cr  9?ujjcn,  -«,  profit,  interest. 

Tcr  fitter,  -S#  pl.  -,  knight. 

2>er  <3ad)fe,  -n,  pl.  -n,  Saxon. 

T>ex  ©ieg,  -e$,  pl.  -e,  victory. 

£er  2Bof)W;atcr,  -*,  pl.  -  benefactor. 

Sit  £ccfe,  -,  pl.  -n,  ceiling. 

£te  ©iite,  -,  kindness,  goodness. 

2>ie  9fiadjt,  -,  pl.  9flad)te,  power, 
might. 

£)te  Jftadje,  -,  vengeance.  [er). 

Die  Sd)lad)t,  -  pl.  -en,  battle  (slaught- 

2>ie  3d)iilfrigfeit,  -  duty. 

£>tc  Unmad)t,  -  powerlessness. 

$00  £eer,  — e<3,  pl.  -e,  army. 

Slngrenjen,  confine,  adjoin. 

23enad)rid)tigen,  notify. 


Vocabulary. 

33cjled)en,  bribe. 
33e»or',  before.    »  =  f . 
(Erflct'tern,  climb. 
Srmor'ben,  murder,  assassinate, 
©rrin'gen,  gain  (by  effort). 
Sttyn,  audacious  (keen,    ii  =  ee). 
SJMben,  announce. 
fWtjj&tl'Itgen,  disapprove. 
SRitJbrau'd&en,  abuse,  misuse. 
3H5$lt$,  suddenly. 
SJreifcn,  to  praise,    et  =  ai. 
(5d)mieben,  chain  ((5d)mieb,  smith). 
<3tiij3cn,  support,  sustain. 
Uebergefyen,  pass  over,  desert. 
Uebermcm'nen,  overmatch. 
Uc&ermutytg,  supercilious. 
Uekrheffen,  surpass,  excell. 
Untcrjliit'gcn,  support. 
2krad)ten,  scorn,  contemn. 
2kr(mnben,  unite,  ally. 
33erf)eeren,  devastate. 
2Mig,  entire,  complete,  full. 


SicBcn  unb  ncunjtgftc  tofpfie. 

1«  Die  fteilften  $elfen  toerben  (1.)  son  ben  ©emfenjdgent  erflet* 
terh  2.  Gr  melbet,  bag  bie  gan^e  (Stabt  ^erftort  tr-orben  (2.)  feu 
3.  $romethen3  war  son  3«piter  an  einen  geifen  gefefymiebet  ttor* 
ben.  4.  Der  fleigige  (Sdjiiter  wtrb  immer  gelobt  n?erben>  5.  Der 
gelbljerr  melbete,  ber  ©teg  fei  errungen.  6.  3n  ber  (5d)(ad)t  bci 
Seipjig  am  18.  October  1813,  in  ber  bie  frangoftfd)e  9Jkd)t  fcollig 
iibermannt  ttmrbe,  gingen  bie  ©acfofen  ploj3lidj  3U  ben  serbitnbeten 
fceurfefyen  .Ipeeren  iiber.  7.  2ttte  Decfen  mitffen  mtt  nenen  33alfen 
geftii^t  rcerben.  8.  (£5  ift  fefyr  gn  mifjbifltgen,  tr-enn  bie  (Mte  eineS 
SBobltfyaterS  migbrand)t  nnrb.  9.  2Bir  nmrben  ^eracBtet  merben, 
»enn  nur  ntdjt  nnfere  ©rbntbigfett  tfyaren.  10.  ©roll  unb  3^ad)e 
rcerbe  sergeffen.  11.  2lHe  Golfer  nm  ben  3^£>etrt  murben  an 
£elbenmntt)  son  ben  33ata»icrn  itberrroffen.    12.  Die  angrengenben 


FORMATION    OP    THE    PASSIVE   VOICE.  213 

Canber  Herbert  tton  fitfytten  unb  ubermiitfytgen  bittern  tterfyeert. 
13.  gerra'ra  n>arfc>  uon  meinem  35ater  tttel  geprtefen.  14.  9hir 
*om  5^u^en  nnrb  bte  2Belt  regiert  15*  (Sr  nnrb  ermorbet  tuorbeu 
fein,  Besor  nnr  i§n  $on  ber  ©efafyr  werben  Benad)rid)tigett  fonnen. 
16.  £)er  (Mrtner  fyat  feeftodjen  Herbert  foUen. 

Exercise  98. 

1.  Do  you  know  why  you  have  been  (1.  and  2.)  blamed  by 
yonr  friends  1  2.  I  was  blamed  by  them,  because  the  letter 
that  has  been  promised  by  me  had  not  been  written  before 
they  arrived  here.  3.  I  hope  the  enemy  will  be  defeated  and 
driven  out  of  the  country.  4.  My  letter  will  have  been  read 
before  yonrs  will  have  been  written.  5.  We  are  not  often 
hated  by  those  who  are  loved  by  us.  6.  The  bad  will  be 
punished  and  the  good  will  be  rewarded.  7.  Good  men  are 
often  blamed  while  they  live  and  praised  after  they  are  dead. 
7.  The  trunk  of  the  young  traveller  has  been  found  by  one  of 
his  servants.  9.  These  beautiful  baskets  are  said  (37.  10.)  to 
have  been  made  by  the  blind  man  to  whom  the  flute  was  sent 
yesterday.  10.  Those  indolent  boys  deserve  to  be  punished. 
11.  There  has  been  more  done  to-day  than  yesterday.  12.  We 
are  often  deceived  by  those  who  praise  us,  for  we  are  often 
praised  by  flatterers.  13.  This  hunter  says  he  has  been  bitten 
by  a  bear  that  had  been  shot  by  one  of  his  friends.  14.  The 
favorable  moment  is  seized  by  the  prudent.  15.  It  is  said  that 
the  poor  man  has  been  dragged  away.  16.  The  house  was  built 
by  a  very  skilful  man.  17.  This  people  believe  that  they  have 
been  deceived  by  us. 

©rammatifdjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Passive  voice  is  formed  by  connecting  the  auxiliary 
ftcrbctt  with  the  perfect  participle  of  the  main  verb  : 

£>a3  $ferb  toirb  6efd)tagen.  The  horse  is  being  shod  (or  is  shoeing). 

2)a3  spferb  tturb  befd)lagen  roerben.  The  horse  will  be  shod. 


214  LESSON    45. 

2.  SBerbett,  when  used  as  auxiliary,  rejects  the  augment  gc 
of  the  perfect  participle  : 

Dad  $ferb  ift  me  befcfylagen  worben.        The  horse  has  never  been  shod. 

3.  Passive  verbs  are  often  used  impersonally  to  denote  an 
action  or  event  in  progress  : 

(£3  n>irb  gefungen.  There  is  singing  (going  on). 

©3  tourbe  M3  fpat  in  bte  9tad)t  ge=  The    fighting    continued    (it    was 

fod)ten.  fought)  till  late  in  the  night. 

(£$  nutrbe  tfym  von  alien  (Seiten  ju  Imlfe  From  all  sides  it  was  run  to  his 

geetlt.  assistance.  —  Milton. 

£>ort  tturbe  afle  £age  getanjt  unb  a.e=  There  were  dancing   and   playing 

fptelt.  there  every  day. 

2)ie  ©cfyonljett  tt>trb  nut  2Bunber  ange=  Beauty  is  beheld  with  admiration, 

bltcft,  boc^  nnr  ©efailigfeir  entjiicft.  but  only  kindness  enchants. 

2£icbcrfjDfunfl.  Recapitulation. 

Neun  und  neunzigste  Aufgabe. 

1.  Die  Verben  der  alten  oder  starken  Conjugation  werden  von 
verschiedenen  Grammatikern  verschieden  eingetheilt  von  drei  bis  zu 
acht  Klassen ;  auch  ihre  Zahl  wird  verschieden  angegeben  von  170 
bis  zu  176.  2.  In  Grammatiken,  deren  man  sich  beim  Unterricht  der 
deutschen  Sprache  in  Deutschland  bedient,  finden  wir  sie  meistens  in 
seclis  Klassen  eingetheilt.  3.  Die  Verben  der  ersten  Klasse  haben 
im  Infinitiv,  Imperfekt  und  zweiten  Partizip  einen  verschiedenen 
Stammvokal,  ausgenommen  kommen.  4.  Dieses  behalt  im  zweiten 
Partizip  den  Stammvokal  des  Inlinitivs  bei.  5.  Im  zweiten  Partizip 
der  Verben  der  zweiten,  dritten  und  vierten  Klasse  ist  der  Stamm- 
vokal derselbe,  wie  im  Infinitiv,  mit  Ausnahme  der  Verben  bitten, 
sitzen,  und  liegen.  6.  Diese  haben,  wie  die  Verben  der  ersten 
Klasse,  einen  verschiedenen  Stammvokal  im  Infinitiv,  Imperfekt  und 
zweiten  Partizip.  7..  Die  Verben  der  funften  und  sechsten  Klasse 
haben  im  Partizip  des  Perfekts  denselben  Stammvokal,  wie  im  Im- 
perfekt.    8.  Heissen  bildet  die  einzige  Ausnahme  von  dieser  Kegel. 

9.  Es  behalt  den  Stammvokal  des  Infinitivs  im  zweiten  Partizip  bei. 

10.  Eingehendere  Bemerkungen  uber  die  Verben  der  alten  Conjuga- 
tion siehe  in  Lektion  30-35.  11.  Die  Verben  brennen,  kennen, 
nennen,  rennen,  senden  und  wenden  haben  die  characteristischen 


RECAPITULATION.  215 

Eigenthiimlichkeiten  beider  Conjugationen.  12.  Der  Stammvokal  e 
des  Infinitivs  verwandelt  sich  im  Imperfekt  und  zweiten  Partizip  in  a. 
13.  Bringen  und  denken  haben  im  Imperfekt  die  Formen  brachte, 
dachte,  und  im  zweiten  Partizip  gebracht,  gedacht.  14.  Durfen, 
konnen,  mogen,  miissen,  sollen,  wollen,  und  wissen  bilden  den 
Singular  des  Prasens,  wie  Verben  der  alten  Conjugation  das  Imper- 
fekt. 15.  Im  Imperfekt  und  zweiten  Partizip  fblgen  sie  der  neuen 
Conjugationsform.  16.  Jedoch  verwandelt  sich  der  Stammvokal  des 
Infinitivs,  wenn  6  in  o,  und  wenn  ii  oder  i  in  u.  17.  Die  Formen 
des  Imperfekts  und  zweiten  Partizips  von  gehen  und  stehen  sind : 
ging,  gegangen ;  stand,  gestanden.  18.  Thun  stosst  im  Prasens 
Indikativ,  im  Imperativ  und  im  Prasens  Infinitiv  das  e  der  Endung, 
wenn  es  einem  Endkonsonanten  vorangeht,  aus.  19.  Das  Imperfekt 
von  thun  hat  die  Form  that,  das  zweite  Partizip  gethan.  20.  Das 
Hiilfszeitwort  zur  Bildung  zusammengesetzter  Zeiten  von  begegnen, 
bleiben,  folgen,  weichen,  sein  und  alien  intransitiven  Verben, 
welche  eine  Bewegung  oder  Veranderung  des  Zustandes  ausdriicken, 
ist  sein  (Ausnahmen  siehe  37.  2.).  21.  Die  Hiilfszeitworter  des 
Modus  oder  der  Weise  sind :  durfen,  konnen,  mogen,  miissen, 
sollen,  wollen  und  lassen.  22.  Die  Regeln  uber  ihren  Gebrauch 
siehe  in  Lektion  37.  23.  Das  Prasens  des  Conjunktivs  clriickt  oft, 
wie  das  Prasens  des  Subjunktivs  im  Englischen,  einen  Wunsch,  eine 
Absicht  oder  einen  Befehl  aus.  24.  Das  Prasens,  Perfekt  und  die 
beiden  Futura  des  Conjunktivs  werden  in  der  sogenannten  indirekten 
Rede  angewandt,  und  entsprechen  dann  dem  Indikativ  im  Englischen. 
25.  Das  Prasens  des  Conjunktivs  aller  Verben  wird  dadurch  gebildet, 
dass  man  an  den  Stamm  des  Verbs  in  der  ersten  und  dritten  Person 
der  Einzahl  e,  in  der  zweiten  est,  in  der  ersten  und  dritten  Person 
der  Mehrzahl  en,  in  der  zweiten  et  anhangt.  26.  Die  Verben  der 
alten  Conjugation,  sowie  die  unregelmassigen  Verben  gehen,  stehen 
und  thun  bilden  das  Imperfekt  des  Conjunktivs  dadurch,  dass  sie  in 
dor  ersten  und  dritten  Person  der  Einzahl  e  an  die  Form  des  Indika- 
tivs  anhangen  und,  wenn  umlautsfahig,  den  Umlaut  annehmen.  27. 
Das  Imperfekt  des  Conjunktivs  der  unregelmassigen  Verben  bren- 
nen,  kennen,  nennen,  rennen,  senden  und  wenden  wird  gebildet 
wie  das  Imperfekt  des  Indikativs  der  neuen  Conjugation.  28.  Brin- 
gen, denken,  durfen,  konnen,  mogen,  miissen  und  wissen  bilden 
den  Conjunktiv  des  Imperfekts  vom  Indikativ  dadurch,  dass  sie  den 
Umlaut  annehmen. 


21(5 


PARADIGM    OF    A    VERB    OF 


ACTIVE  VOICE. 


CONJUGATION    OF 


Indicative  Mood. 


Present. 

id)  ticb-e, 
bu  lieb*f]t, 
cr  UeM, 


(I  love,  &c.) 
roir  lieb^en, 
ibr  ltcb4, 
fie  lieb*cn. 


v  Perfect 
id|  babe 
bu  baft 
er  bat 


» 


(I  have  loved,  &e.) 
tr»ir  Ijaben 
ibr  babt 
fie  baben 


id)  jwrbc 
tu  toifjl 

er  roirb 


(I  shall  love,  &c.) 

roir  roerben 
ibr  rocrbct 
fie  roerben 


^  =i  roir  roerben  "]  :r. 

>§"  ibr  rocrbct     J-jf 

J  -.s  fte  roerben   J  r5 


Imperfect, 
id)  litb'tt, 

bu  lieb4cf}, 
er  lieb4e, 


(I  loved,  &c.) 
roir  UMtn, 
ibr  lieb4ctr 
fie  lieb^ten. 


Pluperfect.  (I  had  loved,  &c.) 
id)  batte     ")  <8  roir  batten 

bu  l)atte|l    \  g  ib,r  tyattet 

er  batte     j  2?  fie  fatten 


Sec.  Fut.     (I  shall  have  loved,  &c.) 
id)  rocrbe   )  «-»  roir  roerben  "j  g^» 

bu  roirft     >■«*=?         tljr  tnerbct    J>^~ 
er  roirb     J  ,3  S?        fie  roerben  j  ?  s? 


Subjunctive  Mood. 


Present. 

id)  lieb^e, 
bu  licb  cftf 
er  lieb*e, 

Perfect. 
id)  b>be 
bu  babeft 
er  &abc 


i^Vs£  Fut. 

id)  roerbc 
bu  roerbc  ft 
er  toerbe 


(I  love,  &c.,  38.  3.) 
loir  iieb-Ctt, 
ibr  lieb^et, 
fie  Iicb^en. 

(I  have  loved,  &c.) 

roir  Ijaben 
tb^r  babet 
fie  baben 

(I  shall  love,  &c.) 
roir  roerben 
ibr  roerbet 
fie  roerben 


Imperfect, 
id)  tieb*(e)te, 
bu  lieb*(e)teftr 
er  lieb-(e)ie, 


(I  loved,  &c.) 
roir  lkb*(t)ttn, 
ibr  lizb*(t)ttt, 
fie  lieb*(e)tett. 


Pluperfect.  (I  had  loved,  &c.) 
id)  batte    ^  <g  roir  batten 

bu  batteji  \  £?  ibr  t)attet 

er  batte     J  2s  fte  batten 


Sec.  Fut.     (I  shall  have  loved,  &c.) 
id)  rocrbe  1  ff-»  roir  roerben "}  ««» 


bu  roerbeft  f  g 
er  roerbe    J  r 


ibr  roerbet    \^g 
fie  roerben  j  ?  s? 


Conditional  Mood. 


JF%rsi  Comc?.  (I  would  love,  &c. ) 

id)  roitrbe  "]  cs  roir  roiirben^  g: 

bu  roitrbeft  f  §*  '         ibr  roiirbet  [■  jf* 

er  rourbe  J  ■?  fie  roiirben  J  r5 


Sec.  Cond.  (I  would  have  loved,  &c.) 
id)  rourbe  ")  **<* 


bu  roiirbeftf  <f~ 
er  rourbe  J  c5  2" 


roir  roiirben^)  <*» 
ibr  roiirbet  YZlg 
fie  roiirben  J?- 


Imperative  Mood. 

Sing.  \itf>*t,  love.  |  Plur.  Ikb^tt,  love. 

Infinitive  Mood. 
Pre*.  lieb^CIl,  to  love.     |  Perf.  geliebt  ^aben,  to  have  loved. 


Participles. 
Pres.  lieb=Clli>,  loving.    |  Perf.  ge4ie&4,  loved. 


THE    NEW    CONJUGATION. 


217 


fiidiett,  to  love. 


PASSIVE  VOICE. 


Indicative  Mood. 
Present.     (I  am  loved,  &c.) 
id)  tterbe    ^  <8  ttir  tt>crben^  '^ 

~t 
er  ttirb 


bu  tttrft 


ii)r  ifcrbet    >  i 
fie  tterben  j  F 


Perfect.     (I  have  been  loved,  &e.) 

id)  bin  ~)  3»        ttir  ftnb 

bu  bift  f3-~       ibr  feto 

er  ijt  ;S2^       fie  finb 

/Srrf  i^.     (I  shall  be  loved,  fcc.) 

id)  ttcrbe  1  jf<»         tnir  tterben  "I  g« 

butttrft  f3-~ 


er  ttirb 


ib,r  tterbet    Y&%- 
fie  tterben  J  $Z 


Imperfect. 

id)  tturbe  )  » 
bu  tturbeft  1-  Jr 
er  tturbe  J  S" 


(I  was  loved,  &c.) 
ttir  tturben")  ^ 
ti)r  tturbet  j*  £? 
fie  tturben  J  ~ 


Pluperfect.     (I  had  been  loved,  &c.) 


bu  ttarft  YZr-z- 
er  ttar      J  £  SE 

Sec.Fut.  (Isha: 
id)  ttcrbe  ")  — ,||< 
butttrft  hS'S- 
erttirb      J~  3 


ttir  ttaren 
ibr  ttaret 
fte  ttaren 


1  have  been  loved,  &c.) 
»  ttir  tterben")  _,«» 
g?  ibrtterbct  J-g-3-Sf- 
X  fie  tterben  J  '  3  ~ 


Subjunctive  Mood. 


Present.     (I  am  loved,  &c.,  38.  3.) 
id)  tterbe    ")  <3  ttir  tterben  yf|^ 

bu  tterbeft  >  S5  ii)r  rocrbet    >  g 

er  tterbe    J  ,~  fie  tterben  J  r 


Perfect. 

id)  fei 
bu  fetft 
er  fei 


(I  have  been  loved,  &c.) 
S«         ttir  feien 
3-5?        ibj  fcict 
3  Z        fie  fcien 


/ft 


.Fmsf!  i%£.     (I  shall  be  loved,  &c.) 

id)  ttcrbe    "]5»  nur  tterben  "i  S» 


bu  tterbeft  f 
er  tterbe    J 


ibrtterbct    [-3-k- 
>en  JS« 


fie  tterbe 


Imperfect. 

id)  tturbe  1  ^ 
bu  tturbeft  >  £r 
er  tturbe  J  ^ 


(I  was  loved,  kc.) 

ttir  ttitrben")  <S 
tl>r  tturbet  >  sf- 
fie  tturben  J  ~ 


Pluperfect.    (I  had  been  loved,  &c.) 

id)  ttare     1  s»      n>ir  ttaren 
bu  ttdrejt    fS-sf-      tt)r  ttaret 
er  ttare     J  3  S      fie  ttaren 

#ec.  i^£.  (I  shall  have  been  loved,  &e.) 
id)  tterbe  "|— ,5»  ttir  tterben ")  -,| <» 
bu  tterbeft  f  §-|-£  i&r  tterbet  f  s-!-*5 
er  tterbe    J  *  3  -  fte  tterben  J  *  3  ~ 


Conditional  Mood. 


.Fmtf  Cond.     (I  would  be  loved,  &c.) 
id)  tturbe  ")  f»  ttir  ttiirben"|  3 


bu  ttiirbeft  r  3-1? 
er  tturbe  J  3  2? 


ibr  tturbet   r  _ 
fie  tturben  J  3  ~ 


#cc.  C.  (I  would  have  been  loved,  &e.) 
id)  tturbe  ")  -,g»  ttir  tturben")  -,<f» 
bu  ttiirbeft  \  3" S- s-  t&r  ttltrbet  k'^? 
er  tturbe  J  "  S  s:  fte  tturben  )  '  3  ST 


Imperative  Mood. 
&«?.     tterbe  geliebt,  be  loved.       |  Plur.  tterbet  oeliebt,  be  loved. 

Infinitive  Mood. 

Pres.  geliebt  tterben,  to  be  loved.   |  iy.geliebtttorbenfein,to  have  been  loved 

Participles. 

pres. >  iiejng  loved.  |  Per/,  flelle&t  ttorben,  been  loved. 


218 

PARADIGM    OF    A    VERB    OF 

CONJUGATION    OF 

ACTIVE 

VOICE. 

Indicative  Mood. 

Present. 

(I  call,  &c.) 

Imperfect. 

(I  called,  &c.) 

id)  ruf^C, 
bu  ruf«ftr 
er  ruf4, 

rotr  ruf^en, 
ibr  ruf4, 
fie  rufcen. 

id)  rief, 
bu  riefcft, 
er  rief, 

roir  rief-Cll, 
ibr  rief4» 
fie   ricf^eit. 

Perfect.     (I 

have  called,  &c.) 

Pluperfect. 

(I  had  called,  &c.) 

id)  babe     ^  % 
bu  bail       f  s, 
er  bat        J  3 

roir  baben   "1  ~ 
ibrbabt       f«,    . 
fte  baben     J  3 

id)  batte     ")  <5 
bu  battejl    [\2 
er  batte     J  3 

roir  batten  ")<§ 
ibr  battel     >  «, 
fte  fatten    J  3 

JIM  ftrf. 

(I  shall  call,  &c.) 

/S'cc.  i^^.     (I  shall  have  called,  &c.) 

id)  roerbe    ^  3 
bu  roir|l      (•"g1 
er  ttnrb      J  - 

roir  roerben  "|  3 
ibr  rocrbet     V%> 
fie  roerben   J  -3 

id)  roerbe   ^  «*§ 
bu  n>irjr     >  ~  3, 
cr  roirb     )  5*  3 

voir  roerben  ^  «*§ 
ib. r  roeroet    >  jpjj 
fte  roerben  J  ?  3* 

Subjunct 

Lve  Mood. 

Present. 

(I  call,  &c.) 

Imperfect. 

(I  called,  &c.) 

id)  ruf^e, 
bu  ruf^efi, 
er  ruf*C, 

rotr  ruf=ett, 
ibr  ruf*et, 
fie   ruf^cn. 

id)  ricf*t. 

bu  rief-eft, 
er  rtefcC, 

rotr  rtefcen, 
ibr  rief^et, 
fte   rief^Ctt. 

Perfect.     (I  have  called,  &c.) 

Pluperfect. 

(I  had  cal'ed,  &c.) 

id)  babe     "]  § 
bu  babejl    rS, 
er  babe      J  3 

roir  baben    "]  3 
ibr  babet      Y  -, 
fie  baben     J  3 

id)  batte    "|  'f> 
bu  bdtteft   j-*, 
er  batte     )  3 

roir  batten  "]  3 
ibr  battel      f  «, 
fie  batten     J  3 

J*nrf  i*ta. 

(I  shall  call,  &c.) 

/S'cc.  Put.     (I  shall  have  called,  &c.) 

id)  roerbe    ]  3 
bu  roerbe  jl  \i& 
er  roerbe    J  -3 

roir  tt>erben  "]  3 
ibr  roerbet    V-& 
fie  roerben  J  r 

id)  roerbe  *}  ff'j| 
bu  roerbejr  >  sr.3 
cr  roerbe    J  ^  3 

roir  roerben  1  g^§ 
ibr  roerbet    >  jf  .3 
fte  roerben  J  r5  3 

.FVrstf  Co?id.  (I  would  call,  &c.) 

id)  rourbe  ~|  3  roir  rourben^l  3 

bu  roitrbejt  f"J?»  ibr  roitrbet   ^ 

er  rourbe   J  *  fie  rourben  J  r 


Conditional  Mood. 

>Scc.  Cond.  (I  would  have  called,  &c.) 
id)  roitrbe  1  ^  rotr  roitrben']  «*9 

bu  roitrbeft  f  ^  3^  if>r  roitrbet   j-  Z3, 

er  roitrbe   J  ■?  3  fie  rotirben  J  ?  3 


Imperative  Mood. 

Smgr.  rufce,  call.  j  Plur.  rufcet,  call. 

Infinitive  Mood. 
Pres.  ruf=CJt,  to  call.       |  Perf.  gerufen  baben,  to  have  called. 

Participles. 
Pres.  rufcenfe,  calling,    j  Perf  ge*ruf=en,  called. 


THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


219 


Siufen,  to  call. 


PASSIVE  VOICE. 


Indicative  Mood. 


Present.     (I  am  called,  &c.) 
id)  nurbe    "}t§  »ir  toerbenl 


bu  roirft      j* «, 
er  n>irb      J  3 


tfer  nurbet    k 
fie  roerben  J 


Perfect.     (I  have  been  called,  &c.) 

id)  ton  ")  f«§        roir  finb      "]  g<$ 

bu  bifl  \  3.3        it>r  feib        }•  Zl 

er  i|t  J  3  3        fie  finb       J  3  3  j  er  rear 


Imperfect.  (I  was  called,  &c.) 
id)  rourbe  *]  <§  roir  nutrben")  <3 

bu  rourbeft  > «,         tfyr  nmrbet  fjs 
er  rourbe  J  3  fie  rourben  j  3 


Pluperfect.    (I  had  been  called,  &c.) 

id)  war     ^3^        nnr  foaren  1  S'S 
bu  toarfl    f  5. _«       ilir  ftaret 
J  3  3        fie  roaren 


JSrs*  *W.     (I  shall  be  called,  &c.)     Sec.  Put.  (I  shall  have  been  called,  &c.) 
id)  nurbe    *1  g*§         rntr  toerben")  S<§  \id)  nurbe  ")  — ,3®    rotr  nurbein  ^5^ 
f3-«,        i^r  tverbet    f  3- «,   bit  toirft-     }  §'  &  3    tl>r  nurbet ■[  3- 3 J 


bu  nnrft 
er  rtorb 


fie  nurben  J  p 


bu  nnrft 
er  nurb 


Subjunctive  Mood. 


Present.     (I  am  called,  &c.) 
id)  nurbe    ")  <§  rcir  nurben  ]  3 

ik  roerbet 

fie  nurben 


bu  nurbeft  f 3 
er  nurbe    J  3 


tyr  nurbet    Hi 


Perfect.     (I  have  been  called,  &c.) 
id)  fei        1  |  3         tx»ir  feien 
bujeift       rS-S.        if)r  feiet 

J  3  £ 


er  fei  # 


fie  feien 


First  Put.     (I  shall  be  called,  &c.) 
id)  nurbe    "1  3'$>         roir  nurben ^  9% 
bu  nurbeft  f  3-  3,        if)r  nurbet    f  3  3( 
er  nurbe    J  3  3"        fie  nurben  J  3  3 


Imperfect. 

id)  nun-be  "]  3 
bu  rourbeft  [-3 
er  rourbe  J  3 


fie  nurben  J  * 


(I  was  called,  &c.) 

roir  nmrben)  t§ 
ijx  nuirbet  f «, 
fie  rourben  J  3 


Pluperfect 
id)  roctre 


(I  had  been  called,  &c.) 


bu  roctreft    }■§.. 
er  roare 


nnr  roaren  ]  3^ 
tfer  roctrct 


fie  roaren 


Sec.  Put.  (I  shall  have  been  called,  &c.) 
id)  nun-be  "]  —»f*[f|  roir  nurben"]  -,8| 
bu  nurbeft  r  3*3-5,  9r  ^crbet  r  i'3-3 
er  nurbe    J  "  3  3  fie  nurben  J  *  3  3 


Conditional  Mood. 


First  Cond.    (I  would  be  called,  &c.) 

id)  nutrbe  "}  5*§  roir  roiirbeifl  3r^ 

bu  nntrbeft )-  3.3  ijn-  roiirbet  >  3^  .3 

er  tourbe   J  3  3  fie  roiirben  J  3  3 


Sec.  C.  (I  would  have  been  called,  &c.) 
id)  rourbe  V-»§  q  roir  roiirben")  ^3» 
bu  nnirbeft  j- §■  3  3,  i&r  roiirbet  }•  §' 3  3, 
er  rourbe  J  "  3  3  fie  roiirben  )  '  3  3 


Imperative  Mood. 

-^Migr.     tterbe  gerufen,  be  called.      |  Phir.  roerbet  gerufen,  be  called. 

Infinitive  Mood. 

Pres.  gerufen  roerben,  to  be  called.  |  Pf.  gerufen  roorben  fein,  to  have  been  c. 


Pres. 


being  called. 


Participles. 

I  Perf.  gerufen  roorben,  been  called. 


220 


LESSON   46. 


Mtlon  46. 


Lesson  46. 


USE   AND    OMISSION    OF    THE   AKTICLE. 


Seifjuelc. 

3n  £>eutfd)tanb  ifl  eS  @ftfc,  ben  $ut 

abjuncfunen,  roenn  man  greunben  be=* 

gegner. 
£>ie  tfunfl  ijl  bie  recfirc  £anb  ber  9?arur; 

biefe  fjar  nur  ©efd)6pfe,  jene  ben  31flen* 

fd>en  gemacfyt. 
Saufenb  roarnenbe  SBeifpiete  fatten  una 

flug  gemad)t  r)akn. 
2)te  Slmertfancr  retfen  nad)  SBejlen,  bie 

(guropder  nad)  Often,  urn  (Xfjina  gu 

erretdjen. 


Examples. 

In  Germany  it  is  the  custom  to  take 

off  one's    hat  when    one    meets 

friends. 
Art  is  the  right  hand  of  Nature  ; 

the  latter  has  made  only  creatures, 

the  former  (has  made)  man. 
A  thousand  warning  examples  ought 

to  have  made  us  prudent. 
The  Americans  travel  to  the  west, 

the  Europeans  to  the  east,  to  reach 

China. 


2B(irtert)crjeidjm&.  , 

$er  £etlanb,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  Saviour. 
2)er  9?ame,  -n,  pi.  -n,  name,      [cloth. 
2)er  ©acf,  -e£,  pi.  <Sdcfe,  sack,  sack- 
£er  <Sd)tag,  -e3,  pi.  <Sd)Idge,  blow. 
£er  ©djmetterling,  -3,  pi.  -e,  butterfly. 
£>er  3om,  -$,  anger. 
$te  (Ebriftenfyett,  -,  Christendom. 
£>ie  ©an<3,  -,  pi.  ©dnfe,  goose. 
5Dtc  flunjt,  -,  pi.  flunjle,  art. 
S)te  Uebung,  -,  pi.  -en,  practice. 
Die  Unfierb'Ucfyfeit,  -  immortality 
$tt$  $arlament',  -ed,  pi.  -e,  parliament 


Vocabulary. 

3>a3  <Sd)itffat,  -a,  pi.  -e,  fate. 

£>a$  ©tnnbtlb,  -a,  pi.  -er,  emblem. 

Slefmltd),  similar. 

9?orben,  north,    b  =  th. 

©egeln,  to  sail,    g  =  — .    page  27. 

©itben,  south,    u  =  ou  ;  b  =  tli. 

3Serfd)lte§en,  close. 

23erfe£en,  fetch,  deal  (as  a  blow). 

sBerurtfyeilen,  to  condemn,  sentence. 

SBcjlcn,  west. 

9Bilb,  wild. 

3u  ®runbe  rtd)ten,  ruin,  destroy. 


Inmbertfie  $lufga&e. 

L  £>ie  $unfi  (3.)  tft  cine  Softer  ber  grei&eit.  2.  £>a$  23n$ 
be$  @d)ttffat3  tft  ttor  un^  serfcfyl  often.  3.  2)er  ipeilanb  tft  ba$ 
ttafyre  2id)t.  4.  $5a$  ^artament  »ernrtt)eilte  $arl  ben  3roeiten 
gum  (4.)  $ob.  5.  £)ie  meiften  (Eltern  fdncfen  tfyre  ^inber  in  bie 
©djule  unb  in  bie  ^ircfye.     6.  35ier  3af)rfmnberte  lang  ftnben  n?ir 


USE    AND    OMISSION    OF    THE    ARTICLE.  221 

23atattier  in  ben  romifdjen  £eeren,  after  nad)  ben  gtiten  be3  $ono7* 
rin3  aerfdjnnnbet  ifyr  ^arne  au$  ber  ©efcfyidjte.  7.  g$  tft  gnm 
<Spriid>roort  a,ett>orben.  8.  (Sr  aerfefcte  mir  etnen  ©djlag  anf  ben 
2Irm.  9.  ©as  ift  ein  gn  HeineS  3immer-  1°*  3>r  ©cfymetterling 
ift  ein  ©innbilb  ber  UnftcrMicfyfeit.  11.  £>ie  Jlinber  gefyen  fefyr 
ungern  gu  33ett.  12.  (Sr  fagte  e3  im  3o™e.  13.  2Bir  fegelten 
nad)  Often  nnb  fie  nad)  2Beften.  14.  Dtefer  Sxnffe  ift  ein  9)?antt 
son  (5l)re.  15.  ^eifen  $n  guf)  ftnb  oft  angenefymer,  aU  S^eifen  gn 
$>ferb  ober  im  SBagen.  16.  3n  ftelcfyer  3afyve^ett  giefyen  bie 
tvilben  ©anfe  nad)  bem  9torben?  17.  3nt  griitjlirta,  giekn  fie 
nad)  bem  9torben  nnb  im  £erbft  nad)  bem  (Siiben.  18.  £>er  9fta* 
ler  hat  fcei  biefen  nnb  atjnlidjen  ^rbeiten  feine  ©efunbtyeit  gn 
©rnnbe  gericfctet.  19.  SMe  Gfyriftenfyeit  trauert  in  ©ad  nnb  2lfd)e. 
20.  (Sin  ©priidjmort  fagt :  Uebnna,  mad)t  ben  9tteijfrt\  21*  2Bir 
gie^en  bnrd)  geinbes  2aub. 

Exercise  101. 

1.  At  this  season  of  the  year  the  swallows  migrate  to  the 
south.  2.  These  and  similar  labors  have  destroyed  the  health 
of  this  man.  3.  How  do  you  say  in  German  :  "  Practice  makes 
perfect"]  4.  We  shall  soon  have  cold  weather  ;  the  wild  geese 
are  flying  to  the  south.  5.  The  boys  waited  a  whole  day. 
6.  Did  you  make  the  journey  on  foot  or  by  water  ]  7.  We 
made  it  partly  on  foot  (8.)  and  partly  by  (8.)  water.  8.  He 
was  beside  himself  with  pain.  9.  He  directed  his  eyes  toward 
heaven.  10.  The  determined  tone  of  the  ambassador  made  an 
impression.  11.  That  is  not  the  fashion  with  us.  12.  He  was 
sick  unto  death.  13.  The  consumption  of  soap  is  a  measure 
of  the  civilization  of  a  people.  14.  Send  her  to  rest.  15.  Many 
a  man  seems  to  think  only  of  eating  and  drinking.  16.  I  have 
not  even  time  to  write  my  friend  a  letter.  17.  Poor  Robert 
has  fallen  from  the  wall.  18.  Our  friend  was  elected  a  (4.) 
representative.  19.  Chimborazo  is  in  South  America  near  the 
city  of  Quito.  20.  Glass  is  transparent  and  brittle.  21.  A 
hundred  voices  called  after  him. 


222 


LESSON    46. 


©rammttttfdjes. 


Grammatical. 


1.  The  definite  article  is  used:  1.  before  names  of  days, 
months,  and  seasons  ;  2.  before  masculine  and  feminine  geograph- 
ical names  ;  3.  before  proper  names  preceded  by  adjectives ; 
4.  before  proper  names  when  their  endings  do  not  indicate  their 
case  ;  5.  before  names  of  persons  designated  as  members  of  the 
household  or  as  acquaintances  of  the  speaker  : 

$er  Sonnrag  iji  em  ^ufjetag. 
$er  ^cfcruar  ifl  ber  furjeflc  Sftonar. 
Xtx  Sriifyltng  ijt  bte  fcfyonfte  Sabred 


j«t. 

$er  Sefus  tjr  etn  SJulfan'. 

$ie    Xitrfet'    ift   madjtiger,    aU  man 

gtaubte. 
$er  arme  SBtifctm  ttar  untroftltd). 
$ie  9teben  be$  ©emeftyeneS. 
$ufe  2ien  3ofyann. 
3d)  mag'd  unb  twlTd  ntdjt  alaufcen,  bafj 

mid)  i>cr  3Rax  scrlaffcn  §at. 


Sunday  is  a  daj1-  of  rest. 
February  is  the  shortest  month. 
Spring  is  the  most  beautiful  season 

of  the  year. 
Vesuvius  is  a  volcano. 
Turkey  is  more  powerful  than  was 

supposed. 
Poor  William  was  inconsolable. 
The  speeches  of  Demosthenes. 
Call  John. 
I  cannot  and  will  not  believe  that 

Maximilian  has  left  me. 


2i  Before  nouns  specifying  time  or  quantity,  the  use  of  the 
definite  article  corresponds  to  that  of  the  indefinite  article  in 
English  : 


2Btr  fiafcen  jtnetmat  hit  2Bodie  Unrerrtdjt 

in  ber  franjoftjtyen  <2pradje. 
(£3  fojfct  ctnen  Scaler  bag  spfunb. 


"We  have  instruction  in  the  French 

language  twice  a  week. 
It  costs  a  dollar  a  pound. 


3.  Abstract  nouns  and  names  of  substances  are  used  both 
with  and  without  the  definite  article  ;  generally  with  it  when  in 

the  genitive  case  : 


$0$  (^riilentfyum  ift  ber  SGBelt  etn  grower 

©egen. 
£)a3  fmb  SBerfe  J>er  Siefce. 
2)ie3  waren  SBorte  bc0  SrofteS. 
Drbnung  lefjrt  end)  geit  gcttinnert. 
9M)met  £olj  t»om  girttenftamme. 
$aS  ®olb  ift  etn  ebleS  SWctatt. 


Christianity  is  a  great  blessing 

the  world. 
These  are  works  of  love. 
These  were  words  of  comfort. 
Order  teaches  you  to  gain  time. 
Take  wood  of  the  pine. 
Gold  is  a  precious  metal. 


to 


USE    AND    OMISSION    OF   THE    ARTICLE. 


223 


4.   The  dative  of  the  definite  article  with  ju  (24.  2.)  is  used 
in  many  expressions  that  mark  a  change  of  condition  : 


©r  tturbe  Jttttt  ftatfer  geroaljlt. 
§um  $entit$er  roerbe  ntd)t. 
(&v  i\t  jum  Settler  geroorben. 


He  was  chosen  emperor. 
Do  not  turn  traitor. 
He  has  become  a  beggar. 


5.  The  definite  article,  when  used  with  Beibe,  1)011),  folifjcr, 

fO,  and  JU,  precedes  them  : 


£>te  betben  2)tener  bliebcn  etnen  b,al6en 
Sag. 


Both  the  (the  two)  servants  remained 
half  a  (a  half)  day. 


6.  The  article  is  omitted  :  1.  before  the  names  of  the  cardi- 
nal points  merely  indicating  direction ;  2.  before  nouns  used, 
in  a  general  sense,  as  predicates  of  fcttt  or  lflcrbcit ;  3.  before 
nouns  standing  in  apposition  after  aU  with  a  previously  or  sub- 
sequently expressed  word  ;  4.  in  some  conventional  phrases ; 
5.  in  many  phrases  before  ttftttCV,  Ic^tcrcr,  folflCltbcr : 
£>a$  gtne  ©d&iff  fegelte  nad)  Often,  ba$       One  ship  sailed  (toward  the)  east, 


cmbere  nad)  ©iiben. 
(£tner  metner  betben  33ruber  tjt  £auf* 

mann,  ber  anbere  5Tr^t. 
9H3  $reunb  farm  id)  e3  ntdjt  ratten. 
Ueber6rtnger  btefeS  ifr  mein  ftreunb. 
$err  Ocetnljarb  unb  mein  Setter  retjlen 

por  eintgen  SBodjen  nad)  5Rimd)en; 

GErflerer   fam   Ijeute  struct,  Severer 

ftjirb  ftdj  nod)  eintge  Sage  in  9Jciin* 

d)en  aufljalten. 


the  other  (toward  the)  south. 

One  of  my  two  brothers  is  a  mer- 
chant, the  other  a  physician. 

As  a  friend  I  cannot  advise  it. 

The  bearer  of  this  is  my  friend. 

Mr.  Reinhard  and  my  cousin  de- 
parted some  weeks  ago  to  Munich ; 
tlie  former  returned  to-day,  the 
latter  will  still  remain  some  days 
in  Munich. 


7.    With  JU  many  idiomatic  phrases  are  found  without  the 
article  : 


dv  retjt  jtt  $ferbe. 

SK?tr  reifen  JU  ftupe. 

33ei  bem  rufftfdjen  ftelbjuge  tm  Saijre 

1812  ging  tie  „©roiJe  Strmee"  }tt 

©runbe. 
Die  Gbre  roarb  tljm  ntdjt  JU  SfjeU. 
2)cr  ftontg  SUxl  fap  einjt  Jtt  £ifd).— 

Ubjanb. 


He  travels  on  horseback. 

"We  travel  on  foot. 

In   the  Russian   campaign   in   the 

year  1812  the  "Grand  Armee" 

was  destroyed. 
That  honor  he  did  not  obtain. 
King  Charles  was  once  sitting  at 

the  table. 


224 


LESSON    47. 


Miion  47. 


Lesson  47. 


COLLOCATION    OF   WORDS. 


Setfoicle. 

3n  ber  Sugenb  ollcm  ftnbet  ber  SBetfe 

3ufriebenl)ctt. 
2?ajj  biefe  <3prad)e  fd)tt>tertger,  aI3  bie 

englifdje  ijl,  tjaben  <Sie  wofyl  fdjon 

etngefefyen. 
9?ie  ljabe  td)  fie  gemieben  unb  fd)tt>erltd) 

tterbe  id)  3&nen  gan$  entgeljen. 
Tern  ftrtcblidjen  gettdljrt  man  gem  ben 

ftrieben. 


Examples. 

In  virtue  alone  a  wise  man  finds 
contentment. 

That  this  language  is  more  difficult 
than  the  English  you  have  prob- 
ably seen. 

Never  have  I  avoided  them  and  hard- 
ly shall  I  wholly  escape  them. 

To  the  peaceful  man  one  willingly 
accords  peace. 


SBortcrnencitJjmp. 

$er  Siirger,  -3,  pi.-  citizen  (burgher). 

Tex  2)ampf,  -e3,  pi.  3)ampfe,  steam. 

2>er  Stan jl,  -c3,  pi.  2>unjle,  vapor  (dust). 

Tier  £trte,  -n,  pi.  -n,  shepherd. 

Tex  ^rieg,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  war. 

Tex  9Jad)en,  -$,  pi.  -,  bark,  skiff. 

Tex  WeM,  -3,  pi.  -,  fog. 

Tex  ©tern,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  star,    e  =  a. 

$te  £erbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  herd. 

Tie  33olf3religton,  -,  pi.  -en,  religion  of 

the  people. 
Tie  23a jfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  weapon,    a  =  ea. 
2ta8  ©ente',  -3,  pi.  -3,  genius. 
2)a3  <5d)recfmj?,  -e*f  pi.  -e,  horror. 


Vocabulary. 

Sfenbern,  change. 

Slnfangcn,  begin. 

SluSgekn,  go  out.  au  =  ou ;  3  =  t ;  e  =  o. 

(Snblid),  finally. 

(Sntflammen,  to  inflame,  inspire. 

|>ingel)en,  go  (thither). 

<3ettbem,  since. 

{Bid}  2ftitt)e  gefcen,  take  pains. 

UnMUtg,  unjust. 

Ungdljltg,  innumerable. 

©erttjeibigen,  defend. 

33on  jeljer,  always,  from  the  earliest 

period. 
2Butt)en,  to  rage. 


§unbert  unb  jtneite  $ufga&e. 

1.  Snblid)  geigten  t?ic  23iira,er  vhre  2$affcn  unb  ffnejen  an,  ftdj  gu 
»errktfc>ia,en.  2.  3$  nxig,  ba§  mcin  greunt)  moreen  Fommen 
tt)irt>.  3.  Ueber  unS  fefyen  nrir  ten  #imrael  nnt»  unjafyltiie  Sterne. 
4.  2Benn  man  fcerjtantria,  merben  mill,  [o  (3.)  mug  man  fid)  9ftitl)e 
geben.     5.  ©egenftanbe  ber  5>olf$religion  maren  e3  tton  jefyer,  tie 


COLLOCATION    OF    WORDS.  225 

bag  ®ente  bes  $unjHer$  cntflammten.  6.  3d)  tr-eifj  ntcbt,  ob  er  ba 
ift.  ?♦  <3eitbem  fein  SSater  fyter  ift,  ift  er  ttiel  3itfriebener.  8.  $3ir 
roiffen,  rote  er  ba3  getfyan  fyat,  unb  wo  er  fytngegancjen  ift.  9.  2lu$ 
Dampfen  unb  Diinften  entftefyen  9?ebel  unb  Sffcgen.  10.  Die 
9catur  fyat  fid)  geanbert ;  ir-ie  fatten  bie  9ftenfd)en  biefelben  Meiben 
folien?  11.  ©ie  tuijfen  nid)t,  warum  id)  ba$  cjefagt  ^abe.  12. 
2Senu  er  gteid)  arm  ift,  fo  (3.)  ift  er  bod)  (4.)  gliidlid).  13.  Unfer 
©djtff  nennt  er  einen  9cad)en.  14.  2Beil  8ie  franf  finb,  fonnen 
©ie  nid)t  ausgefccn.  15.  (Sie  fmb  Iran!  unb  fonnen  besfyalb  nid)t 
auSgefyen.  16.  Grtragen  mug  man,  n>a$  ber  £immel  fcnbet;  Un* 
btUtgeS  ertragt  fein  ebleS  ^per^.  17.  SBare  bas  ^Better  fd)6n  geblie* 
ben,  fo  fatten  roir  einen  21u£flua,  in^  ©ebirge  gemacfyt.  18.  3e 
mefyr  <33ott  bir  gegeben  l)at,  befto  mefyr  foflft  bu  ben  2lrmen  geben. 
19.  din  furd)tbar  wut&enb  ©d)rerfni§  ift  ber  ^rieg ;  ben  ipirten 
'fdjlagt  er  unb  bie  £erbe.  20.  3e  nad)bem  man  gel)anbe(t  Bat, 
roirb  man  gtiidiid)  ober  unglittflidj  fein. 

Exercise  103. 

1.  He  has  read  more  books  than  he  has  bought.  2.  They 
saw  me  before  I  saw  them.  3.  We  will  wait  here  till  you  can 
go  with  us.  4.  You  know  that  I  have  not  seen  him.  5.  The 
longer  one  lives,  the  shorter  time  has  one  yet  to  live.  6.  Ac- 
cording as  one  is  idle  or  industrious  will  one  be  unhappy  or 
contented.  7.  I  do  not  know  whether  he  will  come  or  not. 
8.  I  have  seen  him  since  I  have  been  here.  9.  Do  you  know 
how  long  he  remained  in  the  city  1  10.  No  ;  I  know  that  he 
has  been  there,  but  I  do  not  know  how  long  he  remained.  11. , 
We  know  him,  but  we  do  not  know  where  he  lives.  12.  This 
boy  is  sad,  because  his  father  is  sick.  13.  Because  he  has  not 
much  money,  he  is  discontented.  14.  I  am  tired  and  can, 
therefore,  write  no  longer.  15.  They  cannot  go  out,  because 
they  are  sick.  16.  Because  he  is  sick,  he  cannot  go  out.  17. 
Those  books  I  have  never  read.  18.  Although  (3.)  he  is  poor, 
he  is  nevertheless  happy.  19.  Wait  till  I  read  the  letter.  20. 
We  know  that  he  will  come  day  after  to-morrow. 


226  lesson  47. 

©rommattjdjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  In  subordinate  sentences  the  verb  is  placed  last  : 
33ebenfe,  baft  bit  ftcrMid)  M|t.         Remember  that  thou  art  mortal. 

When  in  subordinate  sentences  the  concessive  conjunctions  UKUU,  ofa 
flh'id),  &c.  (15.  8.)  are  omitted,  the  collocation  of  words  is  the  same  as  in 
interrogative  sentences  : 

2ag13  an  mir  (ttenn  e3  an  mir  lagc),       Had  it  depended  on  me,  they  would 
fie  roarett  Icingft  au3  9teid)e3  ©ren=  long  since  have  been  out  of  the 

gen.  boundaries  of  the  kingdom. 

2.  In  independent  sentences,  preceded  by  a  subordinate  one, 
or  beginning  with  another  word  than  the  subject,  the  verb 
usually  precedes  the  subject  : 

£iefen  SWann  fcnnc  id),  aocr  jenen  {jabe       This  man  I  know,  but  that  one  I 

id)  nie  gefefjen.  have  never  seen. 

2Bo  fie  freselte,  Wirb  fie  geridjtet.  Where  she  offended  she  is  judged. 

After  conjunctive  adverbs  the  collocation  is  the  same  as  with  other 
adverbs  : 

to.  fommt  3fyr  greunb.  There  comes  your  friend. 

3.  $a,  ofigleidj  (or  ob  gletdj),  olifdjon  (or  oft  ftfjon),  rittool)!, 

luCltlt,  and  IntC  are  often  followed  by  the  correlative  fo  at  the 
head  of  the  leading  clause  : 

Ta  id)  einmal  fjter  bin,  fo  ft>iB  id)  aud)       Since  I  am  (once)  here,  I  will  (also) 
f)ier  Meioen.  remain. 

4.  When  olig(ctrf)  or  either  of  the  concessive  conjunctions 

stands  at  the  head  of  the  first  sentence,  the  correlative  fo  of  the 
next  is  usually  followed  by  botfj  or  ucnuotfj  : 

Dogjeid)  cr  e3  serfprad),  fo  untertiejj  cr  Although  he  promised  it,  he  never- 

e$  bennod).  theless  neglected  it. 

Do  er  gleid)  reid)  ijt,  tfl  er  (or  fo  ift  er)  Although  he  is  rich,  he  is  neverthe- 

tod)  etn  Jtnaufer.  less  a  niggard. 

5.  Sometimes  a  causal  adverb  in  a  leading  clause  is  best 
omitted  in  translating  : 

©r  ift  beefoalb   unutfrteben,  mil   fein       He  is  (  —  )  discontented,  because 

greunb  nid)t  ^ter  ift.  his  friend  is  not  here. 

(£§  tt>ar  Statist,  tie  er  bafiir  na^m.  It  was  revenge  which  he  took. 


THE    ADVERB. 


227 


6.  Adverbs  (except  genug')  precede  the  adjectives  and  adverbs 
which  they  qualify  : 

(£3  tft  fdjon  gtemltd)  fait.  It  is  already  pretty  cold. 

£>er  £ut  i\t  groj?  genug.  The  hat  is  large  enough. 

7.  Adverbs  follow  the  verb  which  they  qualify ;  in  compound 
tenses,  the  first  auxiliary  : 

(£r  war  gejicrn  tytcr.  He  was  here  yesterday. 

(Sr  nnrb  morgen  l)ter  fetn.  He  will  be  here  to-morrow. 

8.  Adverbs  of  time  precede  the  object  (except  when  it  is  a 
personal  pronoun),  while  those  of  manner,  referring  exclusively 
to  the  verb,  commonly  follow  the  object  : 


Sr   madjte   geftern    fcine   Arbeit   fc^r 

fd)lerf)t. 
Sr  fiat  geptern  fetne  Slrkit  fefyr  fdjledjt 

gemad)t. 
(£r  \jat  fie  fieute  Jeffer  gemad)t. 
(Er  f)at  mir  geftern  biefe  9fltttf)ettung 

fd)riftltd)  gcmad)t. 


He   did  his  work   yesterday  very 

"badly. 
He  has  done  his  work  (yesterday) 

very  badly. 
He  has  done  it  better  to-day. 
He  made  this  communication  to  me 

yesterday  in  writing. 


9.  For  the  sake  of  emphasis,  the  collocation  of  words  is 
subject  to  many  variations.  To  give  special  prominence  to  a 
word,  it  is  often  placed  at  the  head  of  the  sentence  : 

®elefen  Ijat  er,  obcr  nidrt  laut.  He  has  read,  but  not  aloud. 

grnnjDftfd)  fpridit  cr  jwav ;  ba3  £)eutfd)e       French  he  speaks,  it  is  true,  but  Ger- 
abtx  mad)t  iijm  mel  <3d)tt)ierigfeit.  man  causes  him  much  difficulty. 


Settton  48. 


Lesson  48. 


THE    ADVERB. 


fBtiipitU. 

£)a3  Srten  beS  9ftenfd)en  fcfyrcanft,  rcie 
cm  9?ad)ert,  fyiniiber  unb  ljeriib'er. 

BiJgernb  fommt  bie  Buhtnft  angejogen ; 
pfeilfdjnell  ift  ba«  3e|t  serfiogen ;  eroig 
ftttt  jiefjt  bie  SBergangenfyeit. 


Examples. 

The  life  of  man,  like  a  skiff,  wavers 
(vacillates)  to  and  fro. 

Loitering  comes  the  future  (march- 
ing) ;  swift  as  an  arrow  the  pres- 
ent (now)  flies  (is  flown)  ;  forever 
still  stands  the  past. 


228 


LESSON    48. 


SBbrtertoerjcttfjmp. 

$cr  Sauf,  -e3,  pi.  Caufe,  course. 
£)er  SturmtPtnb,  -etf,  pi.  -e,  tempest. 
jDer£aud)er,-3,pl.-,  diver  (see  taudjen). 
£)er  S5erbru§',  -e3,  spite,  anger. 
$te  25crad)'tunc|,  -  slighting,  disdain. 
£tt$  ©emittb/,  -e$,  pi.  -«,  mind,  dis- 
position. 
&ct3  2tteer,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  sea. 
2)00  Uefrel,  -3,  pi.  -  evil.  u  =  e;  &  =  v. 
£>ad  SStefel,  -3,  pi.  -,  weasel,   ie  =  ea. 
Sllicrroegen,  everywhere,  all  about. 
8ttftag9f  at  the  beginning. 
Slnfefyen,  look  at,  behold. 
$u$retpen,  tear  out. 


Vocabulary. 

33efle'kn,  consist. 

£)ann,  then,    b  =  th  ;  a  =  e. 

tfebjen,  fail,    e  =  ai. 

$ortreiten,  ride  away  ;  ride  forth. 

£etlen,  heal,    et  =  ea. 

■£>oIen,  bring,  haul,    o  =  au. 

^adjen,  make,  cause,  give. 

©d)tt)aben,  Swabia.    fd)  =  s. 

©id)  fyerum'tretbcn,  wander  about. 

@id)  lenfen,  to  be  led  (link,    e  =  i). 

Xaa,$  sorter,  the  day  before. 

£aud)en,  dive,  duck,    t  =  d  ;  au  =  u. 

33ortt>drt3,  forward.    \>  =  f ;  t  —  d. 

Buriitf,  backward. 


gmnbert  nnb  trierte  Sfafp&e. 

I.  2Bo  lommt  ifyr  fyer  (3.),  nnb  ivo  get)t  tf)r  tyin  ?  2.  2Bir  font* 
men  an3  <5d)toaben  nnb  gefyen  nad)  $renj}en.  3.  £inab,  fytnanf 
gefyt  nnfer  Sauf.  4.  Diefe  gtoet  banner  fd)ienen  ficb  gleid)  anfang$ 
mtt  2>erbrn§  nnb  SSeradjtung  angefefyen  ju  fyaben.  5.  SBann  finb 
@ie  fortgeritten  ?  6.  3$  rttt  tags  sorter  fort  7.  ©corner  Ienfen 
ftd)  bte  fyeftigen  ©emiitfyer.  8.  (Er  trieb  ftct>  a(iern?egen  im  ©cbtrg 
Jjerum.  9,  SBijfen  Sic,  too  jene  fleijngen  2lrbeiter  fytngegangen 
ftnb  ?  10.  3a,  loir  mijfen  e3  ;  fte  ftnt>  nad)  bem  £)orfe  grauenalp 
gegangen ;  fotlen  ioir  and)  fytngefyen  ?  11.  SGenn  e3  3^nen  $er* 
gniigen  macfyt.  12.  3$  lief,  n?te  ein  SBtefct  babin  nnb  bortfytn, 
Sreppen  fytnauf  unb  fyinab.  13.  28er  nid)t  oonoarts  gefyt,  gefyt 
gnritd.  14.  23ofe  Sente  fud)en  imnter  bag  Dunfle.  15.  3d)  ftanb 
eUn  oor  bem  ipaufe,  al$,  mein  23ebienter  mir  ben  23rief  gab.  16. 
Der  ©tnrtmoinb  neuftdj  l)at  ganje  SBalber  auSgerijfen.  17.  (Erft 
tjanble  nnb  bann  rebe.  18.  (Er  ift  erft  jefcn  3^^r^  alt.  19.  2)er 
ijevftanbige  5Ir$t  fte^t  nid)t  immer  gleid),  toorin  bag  Uebel  beftet)t ; 
erft  bann  oft,  ioenn  er  n?ei§,  roorin  ber  jtranfe  gefeblt  fyat,  !ann  cr 
l)eilen.  20.  £>er  Xand)er  taufyt  in  t>a$  50?eer  fynak  (3.),  urn  $erlen 
fyerauf  $n  ^olen. 


THE    ADVERB.  229 

Exercise  105. 
1.  That  could  not  be  done  so  secretly  without  mutiny. 
2.  You  must  go  forward,  for  now  you  can  no  longer  (22.  8.^ 
go  backward.  3.  He  was,  however,  still  somewhat  doubtful. 
4.  These  immigrants  come  here  (3.)  from  Bohemia.  5.  In  the 
morning  he  writes,  and  in  the  evening  he  reads.  6.  Are  your 
cousins  coming  here  (3.)  1  7.  No,  for  they  are  alreadj^  here. 
8.  I  have  never  traveled  from  Germany  to  Russia.  9.  The 
carpenter  fell  down  from  the  roof.  10.  The  horse  ran  down 
the  mountain.  11.  The  boys  went  up  the  street.  12.  We 
must  go  to  the  forest;  will  yon  go  there  (3.)  with  us?  13. 
No,  we  must  remain  where  we  are.  14.  I  will  go  up,  if  you 
will  go  down.  15.  Have  you  ever  been  in  Russia?  16.  Where 
(3.)  are  }-ou  going?  17.  I  am  going  to  the  village;  will  you 
go  there  too  1  1 8.  I  shall  go  there  day  after  to-morrow.  1 9. 
The  boy  sprang  down  into  the  water.  20.  Our  friends  are  in 
Greece,  aud  we  shall  also  go  there. 

©rammatifcjjcS.  Grammatical. 

1.   Adverbs  are  formed  : 

1.  From  other  words  by  means  of  the  suffixes  ltd),  ItltgS,  or 
toartS  : 

furjttd),  recently  ;    jafyltngS,  precipitously  ;     cmfn>art$,  upward ; 
tagltd),  daily  ;  rucfting^,  from  the  rear  ;    fyimmclrodrtS,  heavenward. 

2.  By  combining  oblique  cases  of  the  nouns  2>ttt0,,  JJttff,  9ftttl, 

9Raff,  <5titt,  Ztyil,  <Bkg,  28eUe,  SBctfc  with  other  parts  of 

speech  : 

oflerbtngS,  by  all  means  ;  grojtontktlS,  for  the  most  part ; 

gteid)fatte,  likewise  ;  fetneSttegS,  by  no  means  ; 

oftmalS,  often  ;  etnfnueUen,  meanwhile  ; 

etmgermapen,  in  some  measure  ;  fcfyerjwetfe,  jestingly  ; 

citlerfeitS,  from  all  sides  ;  tfycttmeife,  partly. 

3.  By  suffixing  |  to  nouns  or  adjectives  : 

tctg3,  by  day  ;  ntorgen^,  in  the  morning  ;  faflS,  in  case  ; 

nacfytS,  at  night ;      akniDS,  in  the  evening  ;  tljetlS,  partly  ; 

fcerdtS,  already  ;       linU,  to  the  left ;  ftetS,  always. 


230 


LESSON    48. 


2.  The  adverbs  fctt,  there;  bflrt,  yonder ;  Ijter,  here;  and 
ftjfl,  where,  are  used  with  verbs  of  rest  or  those  indicating  action 
within  specified  limits  : 

£>icr  jM)e  id).    2Ser  tft  ba  ?  Here  I  stand.     Who  is  there  ? 

2>ort  fptelen  bte  ilinber ;   wo  ftnb  bte       Yonder  the  children  are  playing  ; 
(?ltern  ?  where  are  the  parents  ? 


3.  §cr,  hither,  and  Ijttt,  thither,  when  compounded  with  other 
words,  as  &0,  &c,  still  retain  their  distinctive  meanings ;  Ijer 
indicating  motion  or  tendency  toward,  and  f)i\t,from  the  speaker. 
As,  however,  these  particles  in  compounds  have  no  precise 
equivalents  in  English,  their  force  is  often  lost  in  translating : 


2Ber  t|t  ba,  imb  wcr  gcfit  banjn  ? 
23letbe  l)ter,  er  ttirb  fcalb  fyterljer  font* 

men. 
2Bo  ifl  ber  9Inttmann,  unb  tvoMn  gefjt 

er? 


Who  is  there  and  who  goes  thither  ? 
Remain  here,  he  will  soon  come  here 

(hither). 
Where  is  the  magistrate  and  where 

(whither)  is  he  going  ? 


Direction  toward  the  speaker. 

<£r  jtteg  fjcrauf.     He  ascended  (hither). 
(Sr  fin-ana,  IjerauS.  He  sprang  out  " 
(£r  ftetgt  fterab.     He  descends      " 
(£r  fam  ijerunter.  He  came  down  " 


Direction  from  the  speaker. 

G£r  ftteg  ^tnauf.    He  ascended  (thither). 
@r  fprang  t)tnau$.  He  sprang  out    [ ' 
(Er  ftetgt  f)tna6.    He  descends       " 
(£r  gtng  fytnunter.  He  went  down   " 


4.  These  Compounds  after  a  noun  preceded  by  a  preposition 
are  usually  rendered  by  a  preposition  before  the  corresponding 
English  noun  : 


2>er  ©oget  flog  jum  Sfenfter  IjtnauS. 
<2te  famen  bte  Sreppe  l)erunter. 


The  bird  flew  out  of  the  window. 
They  came  down  the  stairs. 


5.  §er  and  (jut  are  often  separated  from  ft)0  and  placed  at 
the  end  of  the  sentence.  With  verbs  of  rest,  Ijttt  signifies  past, 
gone  ;  (jtt*  denotes  proximity  : 


2Bo  geljen  @te  fytn? 
28o  fommt  er  t;er  ? 
£>er  (Sommer  ift  fd)on  $tn. 
@te  jlanben  urn  if)n  §er. 


Whither  are  you  going  ? 
Whence  is  he  coming  ? 
The  summer  is  already  past. 
They  stood  round  about  him. 


RECAPITULATION.  231 

Siefeerljohmg.  Recapitulation. 

Hundert  und  sechste  Aufgabe. 

1.  In  Satzen,  denen  eine  Vermuthung  zu  Grande  liegt,  welche  fur 
zweifelhaft  oder  unmoglich  gehalten  wird,  steht  das  Verb  im  Kon- 
ditionalis.  2.  Desselben  Modus  bedient  man  sich  in  Fragesatzen, 
urn  eine  entgegengesetzte  Meinung,  eine  Ueberraschung  oder  eine 
drohende  Gefahr  auszudriicken.  3.  Nach  einer  Verneinung  verleiht 
der  Konditionalis  dem  Satze  eine  stiirkere  Betonung.  4.  Urn  eine 
absolute  Gewissheit  auszudriicken,  vertritt  das  Priisens  oder  Imper- 
fekt  des  Indikativs  mitunter  die  Stelle  des  Konditionalis.  5.  Wenn 
heissen  intransitiv  gebraucht  wird,  entspricht  es  gewolmlich  dem 
Passiv  der  Verben  to  name  oder  to  call,  oder  auch  dem  Substantiv 
name  in  Verbindung  mit  dem  Verb  to  be.  6.,  Das  Verb  spaziren 
wird  moistens  in  Verbindung  mit  den  Verben  fahren,  fiiliren,  reiten 
oder  gehen  angewandt  und  druckt  eine  Bewegung  zur  Erholung 
oder  zum  Vergniigen  des  sie  Ausiibenden  aus.  7.  Wenn  der  Infmitiv 
substantivisch  gebraucht  wird,  wird  er  wie  ein  siichliches  Substantiv 
behandelt  und  entspricht  dem  substantivisch  gebrauchten  Partizip 
des  Priisens  im  Englischen.  8.  Wenn  ein  Verb  im  Partizip  des 
Perfect  pradikativisch  gebraucht  wird.  regiert  es  denselben  Kasus, 
wie  in  den  iibrigen  Formen  ;  wenn  es  attributivisch  gebraucht  wird, 
wird  es  behandelt,  wie  ein  Adjektiv.  9.  Der  Imperativ  wird  durch 
den  Konjunktiv  ausgedriickt,  wenn  die  dritte  Person  fur  die  zweite 
gebraucht  wird.  10.  Wenn  der  Sprechende  die  an  den  Angesproche- 
nen  gethane  Aufforderung  zugleich  an  sich  selbst  richtet,  so  wird  eine 
Imperativform  durch  das  Hiilfsverb  lassen,  oder  durch  die  erste  Per- 
son des  Konjunktivs  gebildet.  11.  Wenn  der  Imperativ  einen  nach- 
druoklichen  Befehl  ausdriicken  soil,  wird  er  durch  den  Indikativ  ver- 
treten.  12.  Der  Imperativ  wird  oft  durch  ein  zweites  Partizip.  ein 
Substantiv  oder  ein  Adverb  ausgedriickt.  13.  Zusammengesetzte 
Verben  sind  trennbar,  wenn  clas  Prcefixum  den  Accent  hat;  im  an- 
deren  Falle  sind  sie  untrennbar.  14.  Die  untrennbaren  zusammen- 
gesetzten  Verben  nehmen  im  zweiten  Partizip  die  Vorsilbe  ge  nicht 
an.  15.  Transitive  Verben  werden  oft  reflexiv  gebraucht  mit  intransi- 
tiver  oder  passiver  Bedeutnng.  10.  Wenn  diinken  als  unperson- 
liches  Verb  gebraucht  wird,  regiert  es  entweder  den  Dativ  oder 
Akkusativ.  17.  Fehlen,  gebrechen  u«d  mangeln  regieren,  wenn 
sie  unpersonlich  gebraucht  werden,  den  Dativ  der  Person.     18.  In- 


232 


LESSON    49. 


transitive  sowohl,  als  transitive  Verben,  werden  haufig  unpersonlich 
oder  reflexiv  gebraucht,  um  eine  Handlung  oder  einen  Zustand  ohne 
Beziehung  auf  irgend  einen  besonderen  Gegenstand  zu  bezeichnen. 
19.  Wenn  gehen  unpersonlich  gebraucht  wird,  regiert  es  den  Dativ 
und  wird  am  besten  durch  to  be  iibersetzt,  wo  dann  der  Dativ  dem 
englischen  Nominativ  oder  Objectiv  nach  with  entspricht.  20.  Das 
Passivum  wird  durch  Verbindung  des  Hulfs  verbs  werden  mit  dern 
zweiten  Partizip  gebildet.  21.  Wenn  werden  als  Hulfs  verb  ge- 
braucht wird,  ninimt  es  im  zweiten  Partizip  die  Vorsilbe  ge  nicht  an. 


Mtion  49. 


Lesson  49. 


GENITIVE   CASE.       PREPOSITIONS    WITH    THE    GENITIVE. 


Prepositions  with  the  Genitive. 


STnftatt  or  jratt,  instead  of. 

2tu§erf)al&,  outside. 

2)te3feu  or  bieSfettS,  on  this  side. 

£alb,  Ijalben,  or  fyalfrer,  on  account  of. 

3nnerl)alb,  inside,  within. 

3enfett  or  jenfeitS,  beyond,  the  other 

side. 
$raft,  by  virtue  of. 
i*aut,  according  to. 
DfcrljaH),  above. 


Urn  —  ttntfen,  for  the  sake  of. 
Ungead)tet,  notwithstanding. 
Unterftalb,  below, 
ttnfern,  not  far  from,  near. 
Unweit,  not  far  from,  near. 
SSermitteljr  or  mtttclji,  by  means  of. 
Skrmoge,  by  dint  of. 
2Bd()renb,  during. 
SBegen,  on  account  of. 


©eifjuele. 

$flan  mu§  Die  Sugenb  um  ifyrer  fettsft 
nriflen  licben,  ober  fie  gcm$  aufge* 
ben. 

2)ie  (MtrgSfette,  bte  ftd)  burdj  SCftmn* 
gen,  ^ulbct  unb  bie  SBetterau  Vi§  an 
ben  9tyein  erftrecft,  enbigt  ftd)  ober^atb 
SBonn  in  bem  ©tekngefcirge. 

3enfeit3  be3  <5ee3  gtiifjte  ber  3lknbf)im* 
mel  iiber  bem  ©eMrge. 


Examples. 

One  must  love  virtue  for  its  own 
sake,  or  give  it  up  (renounce  it) 
entirely. 

The  mountain-chain  which  extends 
through  Thuringia,  Fulda,  and 
Wetterau  to  the  Rhine  ends  above 
Bonn  in  the  Siebengebirge. 

Upon  the  other  side  of  the  lake  the 
evening  sky  glowed  upon  the 
mountains. 


PREPOSITIONS    WITH    THE    GENITIVE. 


233 


SBorterfceraetifjnife. 

$er  Sfttje'ner,  -4,  pi.  -,  Athenian. 
Der  Diener,  -3,  pi.  -,  servant. 
Der  ®erud)3ftnn,  -3,  sense  of  smelling. 
Der  ©efefcgeber,  -3,  pi.  -  lawgiver. 
Der  9)olar'frei#,  -e$,  pi.  -,  polar-circle. 
Der  SerS,  -e<3,  pi.  -e,  verse. 
Dor  3»ecf,  -e$,  purpose,  end. 
§te  23eroegung,  -  pi-  -en,  motion. 
2)ie  Dnnfelfyeir,  -,  darkness. 
Die  (£tafit$irdr,  -,  elasticity. 
Die  ©renje,  -  pi.  -n,  limit. 
Die  9iegte'rung,  -,  pi.  -en,  government. 
Die  9Jtd)tung,  -,  pi.  -en,  direction. 
Die  9hri'ne,  -,  pi.  -n,  ruins. 
Die  @d)rift,  -,  pi.  -en,  Scripture. 
Die  <3d)roere,  -,  weight. 
Die  SageSldnge,  -,  pi.  -n,  length  of  day. 
1)k  $afd)enuljr,  -,  pi.  -en,  watch. 
Die  2}erfd)tebenfycir,  -,  pi.  -en,  differ- 
ence. 
Die  SSei^eil,  -,  wisdom. 


Vocabulary. 

Die  Berflreuung,  -,  pi.  -en,  diversion. 

£>tt#  ©ebddjtnip,  -e$,  memory. 

2)tt$  Wittel,  -$,  pi.  -,  means. 

T>a§  <Sd)lojJ,  -ed,  pi.  Sd)H>ffer,  castle. 

Dad  ©tdbtd)cn,  -d,  pi.  -,  little  town. 

Dad  2Mb,  -ed,  game. 

Dad  3etd)en,  -d,  pi.  -sign,  mark. 

Dad  Bengntp,  -&,  pi.  -e,  witness. 

33efd)tt>erlid>,  burdensome. 

(Stgcnttid),  proper. 

(Stnprdgen,  impress. 

(Srfennen,  recognize  (fennen,  ken). 

(Surcpd'tfd),  European. 

■£>errfd)en,  prevail. 

3iid)ttg,  correct. 

@cid)fifd),  Saxon. 

<3td)  gefallen  laffen,  submit  to. 

UnfdjeinBar,  simple,  plain -looking. 

SStelmefyr',  rather. 

35orgcl)en,  happen. 

SBittern,  scent,  smell. 


§unbcrt  rntb  ftefiente  $ufp&e. 

L  3nnerfjalb  bev  ©tabt  toiitfyete  bie  $eft  nnb  auferfyafb  berfel* 
ben  (28.  6.)  ber  geinb.  2.  (Er  erfyielt  bie  33elo()ttung  fraft  eined 
33efef)ld  ber  Sfiegiernna,.  3.  £)bert)cilb  ber  53riicfe  auf  bem  33ergc 
ftel)t  ein  prad)tia,ed  (£d)fo§.  4.  2>or  ben  3^^en  bed  Slbrabam  fd)on 
n?ar  $r)rnd  laut  bed  3™$™^  ^er  ^rtft  eine  rei$e  ©tabt*  5. 
liefer  Wann  ift  voaljrenb  feined  a,an($en  £ebend  nie  franf  gercefen. 
6.  Unweit  bed  ©tabtdjend  Urad)  in  <Sdnt>aben  tiegt  bad  <2djIo§ 
ober  ttielmeftr  bie  dluim  £oben=Urad).  7.  Untertyalb  bed  gtdjtel* 
berged  im  facbftfd)en  (Sr^gebirge  licgt  SBicfentfyal.  8.  Sftcm  tter* 
ad)tet  fcinen  33  aunt  rpegen  feiner  unfd)einbarcn  33Iiirtje,  toenn  er 
feiner  grncbt  fyalber  (2.)  3n  fdjafcen  ift  9.  Die  Stubirenben  \oU 
ten  urn  bed  3lpe^f^  nriflcn  fid)  and)  ein  befcbvt>er(id)ed  Wittel  gefal- 
len laffen.     10.  Ungeadjtet  ber  T)unfeU)ctt  l)abe  id)  tf)n  erfannt. 


234  LESSON    49. 

11.  SInftatt  beg  £errn  tarn  ber  Wiener.  12.  3nnerf)a[b  ber  $o= 
larfretfe  l)errfd)t  bie  grogte  55erfd)tet>en^eit  in  ber  Sageglange. 
13.  3et>er  <ftituftter  oebarf  aufjerer  3?ifyn,  ttermittelg  bcren  er 
bag,  wag  in  U)m  t>ora,el)t,  2lnbern  mittfyeilr.  14.  Dte  ^aber  ber 
Hafdjenuljren  merben  mittelft  einer  $ebcr  in  23ewevquna,  gefefct. 
15.  ©egeniiber  ber  eigcntlicfyen  ©tabt  .ftonfianttnopel  liegen  nod) 
grcei  anbere  <3tabte ;  namlicfy,  jenfeit  beg  23ogporug,  (Scutari,  unb 
btegfeitg,  auf  ber  europatfefyen  ©eire,  $era.  16.  SSermiigc  ibrer 
©djtoew  unb  Glafttjitat  briicft  bie  Suft  auf  afte  jlorper  nad)  jeber 
9tid)tun$.  17.  (&cl)v  x>tele  lefen  nur  ber  3^ftreuung  fyalber.  18. 
£ie  Sltfyener  marten  ben  Solon  it>ea,en  feiner  grofjen  SBeigfyeit  jum 
©efefjgeber.  19.  Der  £unb  unttert  fdjon  von  feme  bag  2Gilb  »er* 
ntoa,e  feincg  feinen  ©erucfcgftnng.  20.  2)er  oitbenbe  jlunftfcr  foU 
ftd)  innerfyalb  ber  (53ren3en  beg  Scfyonen  fatten.  21.  SDitt  £iilfe 
ber  fofgenben  SSerfe  !ann  man  bie  $rapoftttonen,  mld)t  ben  ©ent* 
tts  regieren,  Ietd)t  bent  ©ebadjtnijfe  einpragen : 


ttnroeit,  mittelfr,  fraft  unb  ttdljrenb, 
£aut,  sermoge,  ungead)tet, 
Dfeerljatb  unb  unterljalfr, 
Snnerljalb  unb  aujierfjatb, 
2>te3feit,  jenfeir,  Ijalben,  roegen, 
(Statt,  and)  langs,  jufofge,  trofc 


©teijen  mtt  bem  ©eniffo, 
£>ber  auf  bie  ftrage  tueffeit  ? 
£>od)  tft  Ijter  ntd)t  $u  ttcrgeflen, 
2)a&  bet  biefen  le£ten  2)rei 
Stud)  ber  Satto  rid)tig  fet." 


Exercise  108. 

1.  Notwithstanding  all  warnings  in  reference  to  the  dangers 
still  he  ventured  it.  2.  By  means  of  continued  physical  efforts 
we  inure  our  bodies  to  hardships.  3.  The  servant  came  in- 
stead of  my  friend.  4.  The  pestilence  raged  within  the 
entire  country.  5.  That  which  lies  on  this  side  of  the  river 
belongs  to  the  rich  merchants,  and  that  which  lies  on  the 
other  side,  to  poor  fishermen  and  day-laborers.  6.  I  did  not 
visit  him  on  account  of  (2.)  his  wealth  or  his  fame.  7.  He 
received  this  reward  by  command  of  the  king.  8.  We  saw  the 
black  clouds  above  the  city.  9.  For  the  sake  of  (3.)  his  poor 
mother  he  still  remained  in  his  native  country.  10.  Notwith- 
standing the  deep  snow  and  the  cold  weather  he  went.    11.  The 


PREPOSITIONS    WITH    THE    GENITIVE.  235 

building  stands  below  the  city.  12.  The  castle  lay  upon  lofty 
rocks,  not  far  from  the  sea.  13.  The  celebrated  Warrnbrunn  is 
in  Germany,  near  the  Riesengebirge  (Giant-Mountains).  14.  He 
can  accomplish  it  by  means  of  his  friends.  15.  He  accomplished 
it  by  dint  of  his  diligence.  16.  He  saw  his  friend  during  his  jour- 
ney. 17.  He  is  so  sad  on  account  of  the  death  of  his  friend. 
18.  Within  a  few  years  remarkable  changes  have  occurred  in 
several  European  states.  19.  We  saw  a  narrow  path  before  us, 
by  means  of  which  we  soon  arrived  at  human  habitations. 

GkammatffdjeS.  Grammatical. 

1.  9lttftlttt   may  be    divided,    <&tdtt   resuming   its   original 
character  as  a  noun  : 

(£r  bient  an  feineS  Setters  ©tott  or  art*       He  serves  in  his  father's  stead  or 
fktt  feineS  StoterS.  instead  of  his  father. 

2.  $1111),  IjallJen,  or  IjttlBcr  follow  the  noun  governed   by 
them  •  Uttgcadjtct  and  tocgcit  may  precede  or  follow  : 

9ctd)t  be<3  Setfptcld  tjaifcen,  fonberrt  ber       Not  on  account  of  the  example,  but 
§)fltd)t  tr.eo.crt  foil  mart  in  ber  ©efefl*  on  account  of  duty  should  one  be 

fdjaft  t)6f(td)  fete,  polite  in  society. 

3.  The  genitive,  when  governed  by  Uttt  —  totHctt,  is  placed 
between  them  : 

Urn  feined  greunbeS  roiHert  Ijat  er  eS       He  did  (has  done)  it  for  the  sake  of 
getljatt.  his  friend. 

4.  SBegctt,  preceded  by  tlOtt,  had  formerly  a  substantive  use  j 
hence  certain  expressions  like  the  following  still  occur : 

Sort  9ta$tt  ttegcrt.  On  account  of  justice. 

®d>t  SRcdjcnfdjaft  sort  tt>egcn  beS  tter=       Give  account  of  (in  reference  to)  the 
Qpff'ncn  23IuteS.  spilled  blood. 

5.  ^allien,  toCgCtt,  tmffett  are  often  compounded  with  pro- 
nouns, 1  being  substituted  for  the  final  r,  or  added  after  n  : 

9J?einettt>ea,en  (instead  of  mctrter  rocgert),  for  my  sake. 
<Setnct()atfren  (instead  of  fetrtcr  l)alf>en),  for  his  sake. 
Urn  beffentrotUen  (instead  of  urn  beffert  roitlert),  for  the  sake  of  whom  (which). 


236 


LESSON    50. 


Seltion  50.  Lesson  50. 

GENITIVE    CASE.       ADJECTIVES   WITH    THE    GENITIVE. 


mindful,  remembering. 


Adjectives  with 

for,  bare,  destitute. 

fceburftig,  in  want. 

fregtertg,  desirous,  keen. 

bettotfngt,  needing. 

benwjjt,  aware. 

Mo§,  naked,  bare. 

etngebenf 

gebenf, 

fret,  free. 

fror),  glad. 

gefldnbtg,  confessing.  * 

gettHtrttg,  expecting. 

gewifl,  sure,  certain. 

fyabf)aft,  getting  possession  of. 

funbig,  having  knowledge. 

lebtg,  free,  single,  void. 

mad)ttg,  master  of. 

quirt,  clear,  rid. 

fdntlbtg,  guilty,  indebted. 

ftd)er,  sure,  certain. 

t&eilfcaft, 

tfjettbaftig, 

ukrbruffig,  disgusted. 


participant,  sharing. 


the  Genitive. 

imfceroujjt,  unaware. 

imetttgebenf,  regardless. 

unfding,  unable,  incapable. 

angetuofmt,  unaccustomed. 

imfunbig,  having  no  knowledge. 

urttbettfeaft,  having  no  share. 

unttertf),  unworthy. 

imttwrbtg,  unworthy. 

»erbdd)ttg,  suspected. 

fcerlufttg,  having  lost. 

ttott,  full. 

ttiirbtg,  worthy. 

anftcfyttg,  having  a  sight  of.  (See  1.) 

fdfytg,  capable. 

gettafyr,  aware. 

gerooljnt,  accustomed. 

leer,  empty,  void. 

lo3,  free,  rid. 

miibe,  tired,  weary. 

fatt,  satiated. 

trertf),  worth,  worthy. 

jufrieben,  contented. 


Setfjueie. 

®te  SSctt  ift  »eflet  SBtbtrfprudj. 

<Sie()t  man  am  £aufe  bod)  beutlid),  tre§ 

(Sinned  ber  £err  IfL 
Reiner  greunbfcfyaft  btfl  bit  auttt. 
SBtr  fmb  unfereS  Sevens  md)t  ftdjer. 
<E3  tit  nid)t  ber  $ebe  ttertfc. 
£ettte,  bte  etne  grope  SBoMtfjat  gteid)  oljne 

Sebenfen  annefymen  fonnen,  ftnb  ber 

SSobttbat  felten  rcitrbig. 


Examples. 

The  world  is  full  of  contradictions. 

One  readily  sees  by  the  house  what 
the  taste  of  the  master  is. 

Of  my  friendship  you  are  rid. 

We  are  not  sure  of  our  life. 

It  is  not  worth  speaking  of. 

Feople  who  can  at  once,  without 
hesitation,  accept  a  great  kind- 
ness, are  seldom  worthy  of  the 
kindness. 


GENITIVE    CASE.       ADJECTIVES    WITH    THE    GENITIVE. 


237 


SBbrtertierjeidjmf;. 

$et  ©etjige,  -n,  pi.  -n,  miser. 

2)er  ©oril'la,  -$,  pi.  -3,  gorilla. 

£>er  £aber,  -&,  quarrel. 

2)er  sprotejtont',  -en,  pi.  -en,  protestant. 

£>er  ©inn,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  sense,  niind. 

$te  Sejtfmmung,  -,  pi.  -en,  destina- 
tion. 

2)te  ®efangenfd)Ctft,  -  pi.  -en,  imprison- 
ment. 

£>ie  $rone,  -e,  pi.  -n,  crown. 

2)ie  ©tarfe,  -  strength  (jlarf,  stark). 

Die  ©telle,  -,  pi.  -n,  place. 


Vocabulary. 

£>ie  ttefcerettung,  -,  pi.  -en,  precipitation. 
$ag  (£nbe,  -$,  pi.  -n,  end. 
£)a3  ©tabtleben,  -3,  city-life,    e  =  i. 
£>a3  SSerke'cfyen,  -3,  pi.  -,  crime. 
£>a3  23erfpre'd)en,  -3,  pi.  -  promise. 
5ln»ertrauen,  intrust  (tvauen,  trow), 
©antigen,  tame,  restrain. 
Sefyal'ten,  retain,  hold,    a  =  o ;  t  =  d. 
(Erroet'cfyen,  soften  (ttetdj,  weak,  d)  =  k). 
Sebergeit,  at  every  time  (3eit,  tide), 
©erlutn'gen,  to  pass  away,  spend. 
SSerfyaften,  to  arrest. 


gmnbert  unto  ncuttte  tofgaBc. 

1.  SMefer  $ag  mar  eg,  urn  bejfentmiflen  er  $rone  nnb  Seben  tern 
nntrenen  dMiicfe  ansertraute.  2.  SBenn  ba3  $ferb  feiner  (Starfe 
bemn§t  mare,  fiinnte  e3  9Jtemanb  banbigen.  3,  9ttand)er  9)ienfd) 
tterbringt  fein  Seben  uneingebenf  feiner  emtgen  Seftimmnng.  4. 
£)ie  eingefangenen  ©oritlad,  an  ©efangenfd)aft  nidjt  gemofynt  (2.), 
fterben  febr  rafd).  5.  SBabrenb  meineS  SJufentijalte^  in  ,ftoln 
murbe  id)  beS  ©tabtlebena  ganj  iiberbritjfig.  6.  Urn  feineS  Waters 
millen  befyalt  er  biefe  ©telle,  obgteid)  er  einer  bejfern  mitrbig  ift. 
7.  3d)  bin  be$  %cUn$  nnb  beS  £errfd)ens  miibe.  8.  X)er  .ftonig 
(Jrtebrid)  ber  ©roge)  mtb  bie  ^aiferin  (9Jkria  Jljerefta),  be$  Ian* 
gen  £aber3  miibe,  crmcidncn  tfyren  fyarten  ©inn  nnb  mad)ten  enb* 
lid)  ^riebe.  9.  ®egen  (Snbe  ber  erften  £alftc  be3  bretfngjafyrigen 
•ftriegetf  rtefen  bie  3>roreftanren,  ber  Jpxitfc  gegen  ben  $aifer  bebiirf* 
tig,  ben  .ftimig  tton  ©djmeben  nad)  £)eutfd)(anb..  10.  3d)  mar 
meincr  ©inne  nidjt  mcicfyrig.  11.  @ei  immer  meineS  23cfel)te3 
g'eiiuirtig.  12.  £)er  ^ernrtbeilre  ift  be3  $erbred)en3  nid)t  geftanbtg. 
13.  3eber$ett  mar  id)  meincs  3?erfpred)en3  eingebenf.  14.  3)er 
tapfcre  $efl  ift  frei  nnb  feine3  2lrme3  madjttg.  15.  ^ein  ©eiaiger 
!ann  feineS  2cben3  frofy  merben.  16.  9tid)t  beS  (Sd)merte$  gemofynt 
ijt  biefe  Jpanb.  1 7.  ftonnt  iljr  nn3  einen  9Jiann  nennen,  ber  biefer 
mtlben  ©egenb  fnnbig  ift  ?     18.  (Sr  ift  feine  Uebereilung  gn  fpat 


238  LESSON    50. 

gewatyr  (1.)  getoorben.  19.  ^raft  femes  $mt£  uertjaftete  er  Wit, 
tie  er  be3  33errat()3  tterbiiefytig  fyielt.  20.  3ft  bcin  23rut>er  betner 
£iilfe  bebiirfttg,  fo  frage  nidjt,  ob  er  berfelben  md)  roitrbig  ifi. 


Exercise  110. 

1.  This  young  stranger  is  worthy  of  a  better  situation. 
2.  During  the  cold  weather  we  remained  at  home.  3.  He  has 
taken  your  hat  instead  of  his  cap.  4.  Those  people  are  desti- 
tute of  money  and  in  want  of  help.  5.  They  are  not  tired 
of  (1.)  walking,  but  they  are  weary  of  the  road.  6.  This  is  a 
labor  to  which  I  am  entirely  unaccustomed,  and  I  do  it  only, 
because  I  am  in  want  of  money.  7.  Men  often  become  guilty 
of  a  crime,  because  they  owe  much  money.  8.  I  am  sure  of 
his  innocence,  for  I  know  that  he  is  not  capable  of  such  a  crime. 
9.  No  man  who  is  mindful  of  his  destiny  becomes  tired  of  his 
life.  10.  Our  friends  live  within  the  city.  11.  During  our 
sojourn  in  Berlin  my  friend  became  master  of  the  language. 
12.  For  his  friend's  sake  he  remains  here,  although  he  is  tired 
of  city-life.  13.  He  is  aware  of  his  strength,  sure  of  his  aim, 
and  certain  of  his  cause.  14.  This  scholar  is  in  want  of  money 
and  in  need  of  good  books.  15.  By  virtue  of  his  office  he  has 
arrested  the  criminal.  16.  He  is  not  free  from  prejudice. 
17.  I  owe  no  man  money  ;  I  am  guilty  of  no  crime.  18.  His  * 
rank  has  been  declared  forfeited.  19.  This  man  is  strongly 
suspected  of  theft.  20.  Accustomed  to  ride,  I  soon  became 
tired  of  walking. 

©rammatiftjel.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Adjectives  anfidjttg,  fctytg,  getoaljr,  getooljttt,  leer, 
U$,  miibe,  fatt,  uttgetooljttt,  toertf),  and  jufrtefocn  are  also  used 

with  the  accusative : 

Snblid)  bin  id)  eg  log  gettorben.         Finally  I  have  got  rid  of  it. 


GENITIVE   CASE.       ADJECTIVES   WITH    THE   GENITIVE.  239 

2.  Some  of  the  Adjectives  which  govern  the  genitive  are 
frequently  used  with  prepositions : 

1.  gc&Jflljtti  and  UtX  with  att  : 

£)etn  £erj  roar  on  2Biinfd)en  leer.         Thy  heart  was  free  from  wishes. 

2.  Begtcrtg  with  auf  or  natlj : 

9luf  Sloenreuer  (or  nad)  2loenieuern)  oeajerig.      Desirous  of  adventures. 

3.  frol)  with  iiBer  : 

3d)  otn  frol)  iiber  fetn  ©lud\  I  am  glad  of  his  prosperity. 

4.  &fo§,  fret,  kbig,  leer,  lo§,  boll  with  don : 

SBoljl  bem,   ber  fret  »on  (Bcftulb  unb       Happy  for  him  who,  free  from  guilt 
gefyle    fceroal)rt    bie    finblid)    reine  and  error,  preserves  the  childlike 

(Seele !  pure  soul  1 

5.  fafjig  and  tmfttljtg  with  ju : 

<5ie  ftnb  ju  allem  33ofen  fa^ig.        They  are  capable  of  everything  bad. 

3.  3d)ltiui|]  with  the  genitive  signifies  guilty ;  in  the  sense 
of  indebted,  it  takes  the  signification  of  a  verb  which  governs 
the  dative  of  a  person  and  the  accusative  of  a  thing  : 

(Er  iji  geroip  fetned  25erbred)end  fdjulbto,.     He  is  certainly  not  guilty  of  any  crime. 
(Er  ijr  mir  einen  ©ulben  fcfyulbig.  He  owes  me  a  florin. 

4.  A  noun  used  without  an  attribute,  when  governed  by  tJfltf, 
frequently  omits  the  genitive-ending  : 

(Sin  ©lad  ttofl  SSetn.  A  glass  full  of  wine. 

Gin  ©lad  soil  edjten  SBetned.  A  glass  full  of  excellent  wine. 

Instead  of  the  form  feoH,  that  of  softer  is  sometimes  used  : 
(Er  roar  roller  $reube.  He  was  full  of  joy. 

5.  JEBcftlj  with  the  genitive  answers  to  worthy ;  with  the 
accusative,  to  worth  : 

(Er  i)t  aller  (Elntn  roertf).  He  is  worthy  of  all  honor. 

(Ed  ift  fetnen  ©rofd)en  roertl).  It  is  not  worth  a  groat  (about  2  cts.). 

In  referring  to  one's  wealth,  retdj  is  employed  : 

6r  ijl  Ijunberttaufenb  ©ulben  reidt>.  He  is  worth  100,000  florins. 


240 


LESSON    51. 


6.  The  Genitive,  when  used  partitively,  generally  precedes 

the  governing  word  : 

2)er  Slrbeiter  in  bem  SSetnfcerge  bc$=*  The  laborers  in   the    vineyard  of 

jenigen,  ber  ben  lefcten  &>$n  ga&lt,  him  who  gives  the  last  reward 

ftnb  Skntge.  are  few. 

7.  The  genitive  ending  of  masculine  and  neuter  nouns,  when 
governed  by  those  denoting  quantity,  size,  &c,  and  not  qualified 
by  an  adjective  word,  is  usually  omitted  : 

gin  ©taS  Staffer.  A  glass  of  water. 

Sin  ©tag  fatten  SBafferS,  A  glass  of  cold  water. 


Mtion  51. 


Lesson  51. 


GENITIVE   CASE.       VERBS    WITH    THE   GENITIVE.       VERBS    WITH   THE 
GENITIVE    OR   ACCUSATIVE. 


Transitive  verbs  governing  the  genitive  of  a  thing  and  the  accusative 


anflagen,  accuse, 
fcelebren,  instruct. 
Beraubeit,  bereave, 
fcefdntlbigen,  accuse, 
bejei^en,  accuse. 
entl)ekn,  exempt  from. 
entlebigen,  set  free, 
ntatjnen,  warn, 
trofien,  console. 


of  a  person. 

itberljeben,  exempt. 
»erftd)ern,  assure, 
ttertroften,  inspire  with 

hope. 
ttitrbigen,  deign. 
geifjen,  accuse, 
entbinben,  release. 
entblo§en,  uncover, 
entfteiben,  divest. 


entlaben,  discharge, 
entlajfen,  dismiss, 
entfe^en,  displace, 
entroobnen,  disuse, 
etttlafien,  unburden. 
loSfpredjen,  acquit, 
ubcrfu^ren,  convict, 
itkrjeugen,  convince. 
ijerftd^ern,  assure,  ascertain. 


Beflexive  verbs  with  the  genitive. 


ftd)  abtfjun,  forswear, 
ftd)  anmajjen,  usurp. 
ftd)  annel)men,  protect. 
fid)  kbienen,  avail. 
fid)  kflet&en,'  }    apply 
fid)  befletfugen,  tone's  self, 
ftd)  begeben,  yield  up. 
ftd)  kmad)ttgen,  seize. 


fid)  kbenfen,  bethink 

one's  self. 
ftd)  kfd)etben,  concede. 
ftd)  kftimen,  consider. 
ftd)  Mften,  boast 

(bristle), 
ftd)  entailment,  abstain, 
fid)  entbloben,  dare. 


ftd)  enfbredjen,  forbear. 
ftd)  entbalten,  abstain. 
fid)  entfd)lagen,  get  rid  of. 
fid)  entfinnen,  remember, 
fid)  erfcarmen,  pity, 
ftd)  erfred)en,  presume. 
ftd)  erfreuen,  enjoy. 
fid)  erfyolen,  recover. 


GENITIVE    CASE. 


241 


fid)  erinnern,  recollect, 
fid)  erfiii)nen,  dare, 
ftd)  crlebigen,  get  rid. 
fid)  errcebjen,  keep  off. 
fid)  freuen,  rejoice, 
fid)  getr  often,  be  assured, 
fid)  rujjmen,  boast, 
fid)  fd)dmen,  be  ashamed. 


fid)  irberljekn,  boast, 
fid)  unterfangen,  attempt, 
fid)  unterftel)eu,  dare, 
fid)  unterroinben,  venture. 
fid)  Derantroorten,  excuse, 
fid)  »ergeroiffern,  assure 
one's  self. 


fid)  ttermcffen,  vaunt, 
fid)  »erfe(jen,  expect, 
fid)  tierrounbern,  be  aston- 
ished, 
fid)  roebjen,  resist, 
fid)  roeigern,  decline, 
fid)  rounbern,  wonder  at. 


Verbs  with  the  genitive  or  accusative. 


bebitrfett,  need, 
begebjen,  desire. 
braud)en,  need. 
entbe()rcn,  lack. 
entrat()en,  dispense  with. 


errodfynen,  mention, 
geniepen,  enjoy, 
geroabjen,  perceive, 
pflegen,  take  care  of. 
fdjonen,  spare. 


serfeljlen,  miss, 
ttergeffen,  forget. 
tt>ctl)rcn,  preserve, 
erinctngeln,  lack. 


Seifjitcfe. 

<Sd)dme  bid)  nid)t  ber  ©parfamfcit. 
3Ref)r,  aU  je,  l)ebt  tyn  baS  ©lucf,  benft 

feincr    altert    greunbe    ber    Sbjen* 

mantt. 
D,  fd)onet  ntein ! 

©entcfe  be#  £eben3,  aber  mit  (Sbjen. 
(Er  freut  fid)  feljr  bariiber. 
(Er  entbjelt  fid)  beS  93Jetn<3  unb  after 

frarfett  ©etrdnfe. 
2Bobl  bent,  ber  ftd)  be$  2)iirftigen  an* 

mmmt ! 


Examples. 

Be  not  ashamed  of  frugality. 

More  than  ever,  if  prosperity  elevates 
him,  does  the  man  of  honor  re- 
member his  old  friends. 

O,  spare  me ! 

Enjoy  life,  but  with  honor. 

He  rejoices  greatly  at  it. 

He  abstained  from  wine  ana  all 
strong  drinks. 

Happy  he  who  protects  the  needy  ! 


28ortert)er$etd)ttt&. 

£er  Summer,  -$,  grief. 
£>er  SebenSroanbcl,  -$,  conduct. 
2)er  fflaub,  -$,  robbery. 
Tier  dauber,  -3,  pi.  -,  robber.    du=o. 
£)er  SBieljijdrtMer,  -S,  pi.  -,  drover. 
Sie  $reifpred)img,  -,  pi.  -en,  acquittal. 
£)ie  $reunbfd)aft,  -  pi.  -en,  friendship. 
£)ie  £offmtng,  -,  pi.  -en,  hope,    f  =  p. 
2)ie   i{anbftra§e,  -,   pi.  -n,  highway 
(straet.    a  =  ee  ;  jj  =  t). 
16 


Vocabulary. 

£)ie  0Jebe,  -,  pi.  -n,  speech,  language. 

Die  <3orge,  -,  pi.  -n,  sorrow,    p.  27. 

5lnroefenb,  present. 

Slufforbern,  invite  (ferbern,  further). 

Slugenblicflidj,  instantly. 

33etteln,  beg. 

(Erfldren,  declare. 

Sebod)',  howevrer,  though,    b  =  th. 

Irauern,  to  mourn. 

Unfd)u(big,  innocent. 


242  LESSON   51. 

v     gunbert  unb  elfte  5dtfgaBc. 

I,  <5ie  erimtern  ftd)  it>ol)l  nodj  beg  jungen  Cannes,  ber  tm 
ttorigen  3al)xe  beg  $aubeg  angeflagt  mar.  2.  Sr  mar  befd)ulbigt, 
einen  reidien  SMebbanbler  auf  ber  Sanbftrage  feineg  ©elbeg  beraubt 
gu  1)aben.  3.  Wan  fonnte  i()n  jebod)  biefed  23erbred>eng  ntd>t  iibcr=- 
fiibren.  4.  Gr  I>atte  fid)  bereitg  atter  £offnung  einer  greifpredntng 
begeben  unb  ftd)  beg  ©ebanfeng  entfd)lagen,  alg  unfcfyulbig  erflart 
gu  roerben.  5.  £)er  9tid)ter  jebod)  entbob  t()n  alter  ©orge.  6. 
9iad)bem  er  ben  Stngeflagren  aufgefovbert  botte,  guteg  9)htrl)eg  ju 
fein,  unb  ftd)  alleg  itummerg  gu  entfcfylagen,  erflarte  er :  „3d)  bin 
ber  pollen  9)ieinung,  bag  man  biefen  jungen  SRann  ntd)t  beg  $au= 
beg  be$iid)tigen  !ann.  7.  Denn  nid)t  3eber,  ber  fid)  beg  33etteln$ 
fdjamt  unb  alter  9ftittel  entblb'gt  ijl,  nnrb  ein  dauber.  8.  3$  mill 
feineg  guten  23etrageng  gefcfymeigen,  benn  er  fycit  ftdj  immer  iin^ 
orbentlid)en  £ebengn>anbelg  befliffen.  9.  3d)  erinnere  eucb  aber 
ber  Sfyaren  im  (ebten  ^riege,  beren  er  fid)  mit  9M)t  riil)men  faun. 
10.  greuet  euc^  feiner  greifpredjung  unb  miirbiget  ifyn  eurer 
greunbfcbaft.  11.  ©pottet  feiner  nicfyt,  rceif  er  tm  ^erfer  mar, 
fonbern  erbarmet  eud)  melmefyr  feiner  unb  gebenfet  feiner  Seiben. 
12.  3eber,  ber  feiner  lad)t,  fd)amc  ftd)  feineg  23errageng."  13. 
2MIe  $(nn?efenben  freuten  ftd)  biefer  9ffrbe,  unb  man  entlebigte  ben 
2lngefd)ulbigten  augenbltdlidj  feiner  $ejfe(n. 

Exercise  112. 

1.  He  often  thinks  of  thee,  bat  them  he  has  forgotten. 
2.  Among  others  he  mentioned  his  cousin.  3.  Do  not  forget 
the  poor  while  you  are  enjoying  so  many  pleasures.  4.  He 
who  ridicules  the  poor  shows  a  bad  heart.  5.  Never  forget  the 
love  and  kindness  of  those  who  instructed  you  in  your  youth. 
G.  Your  friend  does  not  need  your  assistance.  7.  The  old 
soldier  boasts  of  his  valiant  deeds.  8.  Do  you  remember  the 
promise  that  you  gave  mel  9.  I  do  not  remember  that  I  gave 
you  a  promise.  10.  He  has  been  convinced  of  his  error,  but 
convicted  of  no  crime.      11.    The  tyrant  avails  himself  of  his 


VERBS    WITH    THE    GENITIVE    OR   ACCUSATIVE.  243 

power.  12.  An  honest  man  would  be  ashamed  of  such  an 
action.  13.  Do  you  remember  the  old  gentleman  with  whom 
we  travelled  from  Berlin  to  Bremen'?  14.  Yes,  I  still  remem- 
ber him.  15.  It  is  difficult  to  remember  the  rules  of  a  foreign 
language.  16.  I  remember  the  man  who  accused  your  servant 
of  the  robbery.  17.  We  rejoice  to  leave  the  country  of  the 
tyrant.  1 8.  Our  enemies  have  robbed  us  of  our  money,  "but 
they  cannot  rob  us  of  our  honor.  19.  The  happy  parents 
greatly  rejoiced  to  see  their  child  again.  20.  He  remembers 
still  the  happy  days  when  he  went  to  school. 

©rammatifdjcS.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  following  transitive  verbs,  governing  the  genitive  of 
a  thing,  and  the  accusative  of  a  person,  are  often  used  with  tJfllt  j 
thus,  also,  fid)  CUtfjaltClt,  abstain  from  : 

enunnben,         entlabcn,  entlaften,  ukrfitfyren, 

ent&li>i$en,         entlaffen,         enttDofynen,         uberjeugen, 
entfleibcn,         entfejjen,  loSfprecfyen,         »crftd)ern. 

2Btr  finb  wn  feiner  Unfdjulb  iibcrjeugt.         We  are  convinced  of  his  innocence. 

2.  9WaIjttctt  is  often  used  with  tttt ;  Mdjrcn,  fidj  edJarmcn, 
fid)  frcuett,  fidj  fdjamcn,  and  fid)  ttmnbern  with  iikr;  bcrtrfc 
(ten,  fid)  kfimtcn,  and  fid)  fatten  with  cuf : 

<5te  tnalmten  tljn  an  feme  <3d)ulb.  They  dunned  him  for  his  debt. 

(£r  raunberte  fid)  nid)t  ttenta,  itfcer  btefe       He  wondered  not  a  little  at  this 

9kd)rid)t.  news. 

SBefinne  bid)  barauf.  Think  of  it. 

Stdj  ftCllCtt  ttltf,  to  rejoice,  (in  anticipation  of),  applies  only  to  future 
events  : 

<Ste  frcute  fidj  cwf  ben    23efud)  ifyrer       She  rejoiced  in  (the  idea  of)  her 
£antc.  aunt's  visit. 

3.  (&$  gcliifict  (or  el  liiftct),  c$  jammert,  cl  rcuct,  c§  loljnt 

fidj,  also  take  a  genitive  with  the  accusative  : 

Safrtt  ftd)1S  ber  Wlty  p  I;offeri  unb  &u       Is  it  worth  the  trouble  to  hope  and 
ftreben?  to  strive  ? 


244  LESSON    51. 

Itnb  ba  cr  bad  2}otf  falj,  jammerte  (44. 2.)       But,  when  he  saw  the  multitudes, 
tfjn  bedfelfcen.  he  was  moved  with  compassion 

on  them. 

@$  0Cftiflet  is  sometimes  used  with  natfj  : 
SBemt  bid)  fo  nad)  ftampfen  liifiete  (44.  2.).      If  you  longed  so  for  contests. 

4.  9ldjtett,  toaljrcit,  and  tottljrttcljmctt  govern  the  gen.  or  ace; 
■with  the  pen.  they  signify  observe,  pay  attention,  mind  ;  tttfjtcit, 
respect,  UiafjmcfjUtcn,  perceive,  and  luartctt,  nurse,  govern  the 
ace. : 

3d)  ad)te  tf)n ;  id)  ac^te  feiner.  I  respect  him  ;  I  attend  to  him. 

With  CUf,  adjtCtl  signifies  to  pay  attention  to,  observe  ;  and  tUartCU,  with 
Oltf,  to  wait  for : 

3d)  ad)te  auf  bad,  tt)ad  er  fagt.  I  attend  to  what  he  is  saying. 

<5ie  ttarten  auf  und.  They  are  waiting  for  us. 

5.  §ttrrCtt  governs  the  gen.  or  is  followed  by  the  ace.  with 
auf : 

2Bir  barren  betner  (or  auf  bid)).  We  wait  for  thee. 

6.  ©cbcnfCtt  governs  the  gen.  or  is  followed  by  the  ace.  with 

an: 

©ebenfe  meiner  (or  an  mid)).  Think  of  (remember)  me. 

7.  %aa)ctl,  fatten,  and  toafteit  govern  the  gen.  or  are  fol- 
lowed by  the  ace.  with  iilier  : 

(£r  fpottct  if>rer  (or  iiber  fte).  He  mocks  (derides)  them. 

(£d  jtnb  nid)t  aUt  fret,  bte  iljrer  $ertcn       They  are  not  all  free  who  deride 
fpotten.  their  chains. 

8.  Many  other  verbs  and  adjectives  were  formerly  followed 
by  the  genitive,  which  in  some  phrases  is  still  employed  : 

@ic  flerfcen  £ungerd.  They  are  dying  of  hunger. 

<Ste  finb  bed  9)reifed  eimg.  They  are  agreed  as  to  the  price. 

£ter  tjt  rrtetned  Sfetfeend  md)t.  Here  is  not  my  abiding-place. 

Sftan  Ijar  iljn  bed  Sanbed  fcernriefen.  He  has  been  banished  the  country. 

Verbs  governing  the  gen.,  when  used  passively,  take  the  impersonal  form  : 
£>einer  rctrb  nod)  gebad)t.  You  are  still  remembered. 


DATIVE   CASE. 


245 


Mtion  52. 


Lesson  52. 


DATIVE   CASE.       PREPOSITIONS    WITH    THE   GENITIVE   AND    DATIVE. 
ADJECTIVES    WITH    THE    DATIVE. 


§)reifenb  waflten  fie  bann  entlang  bent 

frummen  ©ejlabe. 
(Set  beinen  $reunbett  ergekn  unb  beinen 

B'einben  (jeffifltfj. 
3eber  red)tltd)e  SWann  tfl  bent  ©uten 

geneigt  unb  bent  335  fen  afrgeneigt. 


Examples. 

Praising  they  wandered  then  along 

the  crooked  shore. 
Be    devoted    to    your    friends   and 

obliging  to  your  enemies. 
Every  upright  man  is  inclined  to  (the) 

good  and  disinclined  to  (the)  evil* 


28ortert)crsctdjttt&. 

$er  <5onnenfd)ctn,  -3,  sunshine.  o  =  u. 

£)er  Sabel,  -4,  blame. 

2)ie  $alfd)f)eit,  -  pi.  -en,  falsehood. 

2)ie  SriifclingSfelume,  -,  pi.  -n,  vernal- 
flower. 

£ie  ©egenttart,  -  presence. 

£ie  £eud)clet',  -  pi.  -en,  dissimulation. 

£>ie  SWtttttrfung,  -  co-operation. 

£)ie  Quelle,  -.  pi.  -n,  spring. 

$tt$  Sob,  -ed#  praise. 

£>a$  3Bad)3tt)um,  -d,  growth  (toadtfen, 
wax). 

Sl&reifen,  depart  (retfen,  rise,    et  =  i). 

STntctdjen,  smile  upon  (Iad)en,  laugh). 

2lnlangen,  arrive. 


Vocabulary. 

58egrit'§en,  greet,    it  =  ee  ;  f?  =  t. 
2)icnlid),  serviceable, 
©eftor'fctm,  obedient, 
©cftofyttt',  accustomed,  wont. 
■Setter,  cheerful. 
£tnberttd),  hindering. 
<3d)mad)ten,  long  for. 
©d)mctd)ctfyaft,  flattering. 
<3d)5pfen,  draw,  scoop.  fd)  =  sc;  \>f= 
thwrge&ltd),  memorable. 
SSer^apt',  hated.    §  =  t. 
$erpf!td)ten,  oblige  ($flid)t,  plight). 
SBibrig,  repulsive. 

3ufel)en,  look  at  (gu,  to  ;  fetyen,  see). 
3utragltd),  advantageous. 


§unbcrt  unb  bret$eljnte  5(ufpue. 

1.  2Bir  fegelten  \an$$  (1.)  bes  Ufer3,  bis  ttir  an  ber  Stabt  an* 
langten.  2.  £rot3  (2.)  after  $3arnungen  »or  ben  ©efafyren  toagte 
er  ed  bennotf).  3.  Diefcm  53efeht  gufolge  (4.)  ift  er  Qhify  abgeretfh 
4.  Sin  gutess  $inb  ift  fctncn  (SItent  a,el)orfam  unb  banfbar.  5. 
Da3  Sftaud)en  ift  benen  unangcnefym,  bic  e$  nicfyt  gen>o()nt  ftnb. 
6.  9ftir  ift  e£  lieu,  bag  id)  bir  in  biefer  ©acfye  niifclid)  fein  fann. 


246  LESSON    52. 

7.  T)a$  better  wax  un$  geflerit  fefjr  giinfti^  8.  2Bas  itjn  euc^ 
nnbrig,  mad)t,  mad)t  mir  tl)it  wertf).  9,  33iele3,  roa$  una  nidjt 
gefa()rltd>  ift,  ift  unS  bod)  fefyr  lajttg.  10.  9tid)t3  ift  mir  fo  fc^r 
»crl)a§t,  ati  galfdjfyett  unb  £eud)elei.  11,  @6  ift  mir  un&ergejj* 
ltd),  wie  febr  id)  bir  ^erpflicijtet  bin.  12.  Den  (Solbaten  war  bas 
Sob  ifyreS  serefyrten  gelbfyerrn  fcbmeid)elfyaft.  13.  Diefcr  2(uf* 
entfyalt  ift  U)in  faft  unertraglid)  geworben.  14.  £abel  unb  Sob 
finb  bcm  9??enfd)en,  \va$  (Sturm  unb  ©onnenfdjein  bem  2Ba$$* 
tbum  ftnb.  15.  3d)  wotjm  foi  meinem  £)t)eim.  16.  9cad)  bir 
fd)mad)t'  idj,  ju  bir  eiP  id),  bu  geliebte  Quelle  bu  !  aus  bir  fd)i>pp 
id),  bti  bir  rut)'  idj,  fetj'  bem  (Spiel  ber  Snellen  ju  ;  mit  bir  fcfyera' 
idj,  son  bir  tern'  idj  fetter  burd)  ba$  Seben  trallen,  angelacbt  »on 
griU)(ing$bIumen  unb  begriigt  son  ^cacfytigatlen.  17.  ^linber  ftnb 
getvofynlid)  ifyren  SItern  afynlid).  18.  £>ie  ©egenwart  biefeS 
Cannes  »«t  ber  ®efetlfdjaft  unertraajidj.  19.  Dem  $ranfen 
ftnb  nur  wenige  (Speifen  jutraglid).  20.  (Bcint  Sftttnurfung  wax 
mir  mefyr  fytnberlid),  aH  bienlid). 

Exercise  114. 
1.  We  walked  along  (2.)  the  shore  of  the  Danube.  2.  In 
spite  of  his  promise  he  did  it  nevertheless.  3.  According  to 
the  officer's  command  he  remained.  4.  These  things  may  be 
useful  and  agreeable  to  you,  but  they  are  very  unpleasant  to 
me  and  injurious  to  my  friends.  5.  Every  good  man  is  grate- 
ful to  his  benefactors.  6.  This  weather  is  very  unfavorable  to 
us.  7.  It  is  very  unpleasant  to  me  that  I  am  obliged  to  remain 
here  so  long.  8.  Every  good  citizen  is  obedient  to  the  just 
laws  of  his  country.  9.  I  am  much  obliged  to  you  that  you 
have  been  useful  to  my  friends  in  this  matter.  10.  The  sol- 
diers w^re  with  blind  obedience  devoted  to  their  leader.  11. 
The  house  No.  26  Colmar  Street  in  Breslau  is  very  similar  to 
the^ene  in  which  you  live.  12.  No  country  in  the  world 
is  superior  to  ours.  13.  The  few  friends  that  this  man  has 
are  very  dear  to  him.  14.  Many  things  are  burdensome  which 
are  not  dangerous  to  us.     15.  Those  are  to  be  called  conscien- 


PREPOSITIONS    WITH   THE    GENITIVE    OR    DATIVE.  247 

tious  who  remain  true  to  their  convictions.  16.  The  praise 
of  a  good  man  is  very  flattering  to  us.  1 7.  He  is  gracious  to 
those  who  are  obedient  to  him.  18.  Is  he  at  his  brother's  ? 
19.  No,  he  is  at  his  aunt's.  20.  The  caterpillars  are  injurious 
to  the  trees. 


©rammattfd)e§.  Grammatical. 

1.  The  Prepositions  tfmgS,  0%  tro^f,  and  jufofge  govern  the 
genitive  and  dative ;  etttfattg  governs  the  genitive,  dative,  and 
accusative  (Prepositions  with  dat.  only,  L.  10.  1. ;  with  dot.  and 
ace,  L.  25.  1.). 

2.  8(Utg0,  along,  and  tro£,  in  spite  of,  may  be  used  with  the 
genitive  or  dative  without  a  change  of  signification  : 

SangS  fetneS  BugeS  bnrd)  £)eutfd)lanb.         Along  his  march  through  Germany. 
benDSe|labe  be$  WeereS.  .Along  the  shore  of  the  sea. 


£ro£  beQ"ttbltcI)«t  ©efdjiitJeS.  In  spite  of  the  hostile  artillery. 

2)te  £anb  tft  ffarf  genua,  tfjn  gu  erljalten       This  hand  is  strong  enough  to  re- 
trefc  ftatfef  n  unb  2fltntftern.  tain  him  ill  spite  of  emperors  and 

ministers. 

3.  06  sometimes  answers  to  over,  above,  sometimes  to  at,  on 
account  of,  and  may  be  used  with  the  genitive  or  dative  : 

3d)  falj  ba<3  (Bdjtoert  an  ctnem  £aare  I  saw  the  sword  fastened  by  a  hair 

00  feiuem  §<i\xW  fd)toektt.  hanging  over  his  head. 

Gntriiltet  ftnb1  id)  fte  00  bem  neuen  ffte*  I  find  them  enraged  at  the  new  gov- 

gimente.  ernment. 

Stile  fflebltdjen  beftagen  fid)  00  btefeS  All  honest  men  complain  on  account 

2anbttogt3  ®etj.  of  this  governor's  avarice. 

3$t  fetb  tierttunbert  00  be3  fettfamen  You  are  surprised  at  the  strange 

(*terdt!j3.  instrument. 

4.  Sltfofgc,   according  to,   in  consequence  of,   preceding  the 
noun,  governs  the  genitive  ;  following  the  noun,  the  dative : 

3ufPlfletoSeWM,and  J         ^  order 


248 


LESSON  52. 


5.    (SitttfcRg,   along,  before  the  norm,   governs  the  genitive, 
dative,  or  accusative  ;  after  the  noun,  the  dative  or  accusative  : 


2$tr  fatten  ben  flatten  Sag  gejagt  tnU 

long  fccS  ©albgebirgcS. 
£od>  roflten  tie  2Bcgen  cutlang  t^r 

©lets. 
fRaufdje  ftlufi  bag  SJjal  entlang ! 
28tr  rittcn  bem  lifer  cntlang,  or  entlang 

bem  lifer. 

6.   The  dative  is  governed 
usually  rendered  by  our  object 
times,  by  other  prepositions  : 

2W  bem  armen  Dpfcr,  rocnn  berfelOe 

2ttunb,  ber  baS  ©efefc  ga&,  and;  ba3 

Urt^eil  fpric^t ! 
(£3  ijt  mir  unscrgejjlid). 
3  (mi  rwr  c£  I'cfannt. 
SBenn  bu  ftcrbltd)  btjr,  rote  id),  unb  2Baf* 

fen  bid)  scrnntnbcn,  fo  fann16  and) 

mcincm  2lrm  kfd)icbcn  fetn. 


We  had  hunted  all  day  along  the 

woody  mountains. 
High  rolled  the  waves  along  their 

course. 
Rush,  river,  along  the  vale  ! 
We  rode  along  the  shore. 


by  many  adjectives,  and  is  then 
ive  preceded  by  to  or  for  ;  some- 
Woe  to  the  poor  victim,  if  the  same 
mouth  that  gave  the  law  also  pro- 
nounces the  sentence  ! 
It  is  not-to-be-forgotten  hy  me. 
To  him  it  was  known. 
If  thou  art  mortal  like  me  and  weap- 
ons can  wound  thee,  then  it  (i.  e. 
to  wound  thee)  may  also  be  alloted 
to  my  arm. 


7.  The  Personal  Pronoun  in  the  dative  is  often  substituted 


for  the  possesdve  pronoun  : 

2tttr  rojlen  in  beT  £afle  £elm  imb  <5d)ilb 
(anftatr,  mein  £>elin,  u.  f.  to.). 

Wlan  ftefyt  bir1^  an  ben  Slugen  an,  gettrip 
tyajl  bu  gctoetnt. 


My  helmet  and  my  shield  are  rust- 
ing in  the  hall. 

It  is  seen  by  your  eyes  you  certainly 
have  cried. 


8.  The  first  and  second  persons  of  the  personal  pronoun  in 
the  dative  are  often  used  to  indicate,  in  an  indefinite  manner, 
some  special  participation  or  sympathy  on  the  part  of  the 
individuals  which  they  represent,  in  which  use  it  does  not 
generally  admit  of  translation  : 

©riflen  finb  (£ud)  fd)5ne  <55afte !  The  blues  are  fine  guests  (for  you)  ! 

£>amatd  roaren  rotr  Sir  fe&j  fcergnugt.  At  that  time  we  were  very  joyous. 

<£$  ftnb  <£ud)  gar  rrofctge  tfameraben.  They  are  right  insolent  fellows  (for 

you). 


VERBS   WITH   THE   DATIVE. 


219 


Mtkn  53.  Lesson  53. 

DATIVE   CASE.       VERBS   WITH   THE   DATIVE. 


©eifjiicle. 

Snblidj  gelang  e3  ftjm  feinem  $rennbe 

bte  Slugen  ju  offnen. 
Jrauc  tudjt  jebem  3Renfd)en  unb  am  atter=- 

tvenigften  benjenigen,  bte  bir  fd)tnettf)eln. 
3)i<  (Ermafynung  etned  $rennbe3  gilt  tntr 

»iel,  unb  id)  folge  i&r  gern. 


Examples. 

Finally  he  succeeded  in  opening  his 

friend's  eyes. 
Trust  not  every  one,  and  least  of  all 

those  who  flatter  thee. 
The  admonition  of  a  friend  is  of  much 

value  to  me,  and  I  follow  it  gladly. 


Siirterticrjetdjmj!. 

$er  finger,  -$,  pi.  -  finger. 

SDtr  $rembe,    -n,    pi.   -n,    foreigner, 

stranger. 
$tC  C£it3cnfd>aft,  -,  pi.  -en,  quality. 
©cifommen,  get  at  (fret,  by  ;   fommcn, 

come). 
Scfom'men,  agree  with  the  health. 
Selci'btgen,  offend. 
(Eigenftnntg,  obstinate,  self-willed. 
(gntlnitfen,  unveil,  manifest. 
(Entjie'fjen,  deprive. 


Vocabulary. 

©efcte'ten,  command. 

®onnen,  permit,  not  envy. 

£elfcn,  help,    f  =  p. 

9tadj<U)men,  imitate. 

5Ru0en,  use,  profit. 

spaffcn  fit. 

9Utt)cn,  to  advise. 

<3d)aben,  injure,  scathe,    fd)  =  sc. 

Ungemifdjt,  unmixed,  unalloyed. 

23erge'f>en,  forgive,    e  =  i ;  b  =  v. 

3u  %i)dl  toerbcn,  fall  to  one's  lot. 


gunbcrt  unb  funfjc^nte  9lufpfie. 

1.  34  banfe  3t)ncn,  bag  (Sic  mir  gdjolfen  l)auen.  2.  @r  reurbe 
mir  gerrt  fdmben,  wenn  cr  mir  Bcifommcn  fonntc.  3.  Dtefer  $ut 
pa$t  mir  bcflcr,  aid  jcner.  4.  SSSaS  fet)(t  3^nen  ?  5.  (£0  fel)(t 
mir  Wdjts.  6.  3Der  jhtafre  Jjat  jtcfy  tit  ben  finger  gefdjnitten. 
7.  Dtefem  eigenfinnigen  9ftenfd>en  ift  ntdjt  ^u  tyelfen.  8.  (£0  rfyut 
mir  fc()r  teib,  bag  cr  fid)  met)  Qettjan  $at  9.  (Er  fd)abet  unci  unb 
nit&t  fid)  nicbt.  10.  .ftorper  unb  ©ttmme  leifyt  bic  (Shrift  bcm 
jhimmcn  OJcbanfcn.  11.  SGarum  ent3ter)t  t()r  end)  meinem  $)anf  ? 
12.  Die  Winter  entt)ii(Icn  nid)t  gebenben  (Eltcrn,  fonbern  a,ebenben 
^remben  mefyr  2teBc.  13.  2)e3  2eBen3  ungemifdjte  $reube  marb 
fetnem  ©terblicfeen  $u  ZljtiL    14.  ©ar  letcftt  gefyorcfyt  man  ctnem 


250  LESSON    53. 

ebtett  £errn,  ber  it&erjeugt,  mbem  er  una  geluetct.  15.  2$cm  ntdjt 
3U  ratten  ift,  bem  ijl  aucfy  nicfct  ju  fydfen.  16.  (2d)tt?ere  ©petfett 
fcefommen  bem  $ranfen  tttc^t  gut  17.  2U)me  3ebem  in  guten 
(£igenfd)aften  ttad),  roenn  bu  U)n  and)  nidjt  ganj  nadjafymen  fannft, 
ober  nrifljh  18.  @3  fdjmerjt  mid),  bajj  ©ic  glauben,  id)  Qonnt 
3t)nen  biefed  SBergnugen  nidjt  19.  £r  btente  treu  fetnem  .ftimige 
unb  niifcte  bem  ^atertanb.  20.  3d)  nmnfdjc,  bag  Side,  bie  won  mir 
fceleibigt  $u  fein  glauben,  mir  »ergeben. 

Exercise  116. 

1.  Why  do  you  not  answer  (2.)  him  1  2.  I  have  answered 
him,  but  he  has  not  answered  me.  3.  They  do  not  wish  to 
injure  (3.)  their  friends.  4.  He  has  assisted  them,  but  they 
will  not  assist  him.  5.  Will  you  not  help  this  boy  %  he  has 
hurt  himself.  6.  The  soldiers  that  adhered  to  the  upstart  bound 
themselves  to  take  part  in  the  war.  7.  He  calls  them  obsti- 
nate, because  they  oppose  his  designs.  8.  I  do  not  know  what 
ails  those  people.  9.  This  hat  fits  me  better  than  the  other 
one.  10.  He  does  not  contradict  them,  though  he  thinks  that 
they  are  wrong.  11.  When  the  king  complained  of  certain 
noblemen,  nobody  answered  him.  1 2.  It  is  my  duty  to  obey 
such  men  and  to  help  them.  13.  Do  you  succeed  in  learning 
Spanish1?  14.  No,  it  does  not  suit  me.  15.  He  commands 
the  knights  to  await  his  orders.  16.  All  the  kings  of  Europe 
did  homage  to  the  Spanish  name.  17.  He  fulfilled  my  wish 
when  I  had  told  him  this  story.  18.  I  took  great  pains  to 
explain  it  to  him,  but  I  did  not  succeed.  19.  Did  you  keep 
the  promise  that  you  gave  me  1  20.  Yes,  I  kept  it ;  I  always 
do  as  I  promise. 

©rammatif^e§.  Grammatical. 

1.  When  the  Dative  and  Accusative  are  both  governed  by 
the  same  verb,  the  Dative  answers  to  our  objective  governed  by 
a  preposition  : 

(£r  n<u)m  e3  tt)nen  tteg.  He  took  it  away  from  them. 

©tefer  £ut  gefyort  mir.  This  hat  belongs  to  me. 


VERBS    WITH    THE    DATIVE. 


251 


2.  Some  verbs  govern  the  dative  of  a  person,  whether  fol- 
lowed by  an  object  in  the  accusative  or  not  : 

antttorten,  answer.    I  banfen,  thank.  I  rcttfjen,  advise, 

befefylert,  command.   |  lofynen,  reward,  compensate.  |  ttdjren,  forbid,  &c. 

2Ber  roirb  btr  btefe  Zljat  lofjnen ?  Who  will  reward  you  for  this  deed? 

2Ber  ttnrb  bir  lofynen  ?  Who  will  reward  you  ? 

3.  Many  intransitive  verbs  construed  with  the  dative  answer 
to  the  English  transitive  with  the  objective-: 


fcegegnen,  meet. 
Mnigen,  suit, 
bienen,  serve. 
fet)lcn,  lack. 
fludjen,  curse, 
folgen,  follow. 
frofnven,  distrain, 
frommen,  profit. 


geMljren,  to  be  proper, 
gefatlen,  please, 
geljorcfyen,  obey, 
gereicfien,  redound. 
gletd)en,  resemble. 
Ijelfen,  help. 

ljulbtgen,  render  homage, 
mcmgeln,  lack. 


nctfyen,  approach. 
nu£en,  profit. 
paffen,  fit. 
fd)aben,  injure. 
fd)tneid)eln,  flatter, 
trauen,  trust. 
tro£en,  defy, 
piemen,  to  be  proper. 


4.  With  the  following  impersonally  used  verbs,  as  also  with 
Cl  tt)trb,  it  becomes,  and  C§  tft,  it  is,  the  dative  is  often  rendered 
by  our  nominative  : 


ti  afjnet  (Etnem,  one  has  an  impression. 
e3  efelt  (Stncm,  one  loathes. 
e3  graut  (Stnem,  one  dreads. 

£6ret,  roctS  mtr  gerrciumt  $at. 
$3  tturbe  i§m  angfh 


e<2  fd)tmnbelt  (Sinem,  one  is  giddy. 
e<3  bangt  (Stnent,  one  is  afraid. 
e3  trdumt  (Stnem,  one  dreams. 

Hear  what  I  have  dreamed. 
He  became  anxious. 


5.  Intransitive  verbs  governing  the  dative  take,  when  used 
passively,  the  impersonal  form  ;  the  logical  subject  being  put 
in  the  dative,  in  which  position  (as  with  the  impersonal  verbs, 
see  4.)  it  is  often  rendered  by  the  nominative  : 

(£3  fturbe  ifjm  (or  ifjm  ftitrbe)  gefdjabet."       He  was  injured. 

6.  Some  verbs  govern  the  dative  or  the  accusative  according 
to  their  signification  : 

9Bir  rtcfett  tljnen,  afcer  fie  fyorten  unS       We  called  them,  but  they  did  not 

ntd)t.  hear  us. 

2Bir  riefert  fte  in  bad  £au§.  "We  called  them  into  the  house. 


252  LESSON    53. 

7.  $0f1ctt,  cost,  is  generally  used  with  a  dative  and  accusative; 
sometimes,  however,  with  two  accusatives  : 

£3  roitrbe  $reif)eit  nur  unb  £ct>en  fojlen.         It  would  cost  me  freedom  and  life. 
So  nntt  td)^  aud)  midi  £rtta$  Fojlen  laffen.       So  I  '11  let  it  cost  me  something. 

SBtcbcrljfllimg.  Recapitulation. 

Hundert  und  siebzehnte  Aufgabe. 

1.  Der  bestimmte  Artikel  wird  im  Deutschen  angewandt  vor  den 
Namen  der  Tage,  Monate  und  Jahreszeiten,  vor  mannlichen  und 
weiblichen  geographischen  Namen,  vor  Eigennamen,  wenn  ihnen 
Adjektive  vorangehen,  und  vor  Personennamen,  die  als  Mitglieder 
des  Haushalt.es  oder  Bekannte  des  Sprechenden  bezeiehnet  werden 
sollen.  2.  Vor  Hauptwortern,  die  ein  Zeit-  oder  Grossenmass  be- 
zeichnen,  bedient  man  sich  im  Deutschen  des  bestimmten  Artikels, 
wahrend  im  Englischcn  der  unbestimmte  angewandt  wird  3.  Wenn 
der  Artikel  in  Verbindung  mit  beide,  halb,  so,  solcher,  oder  zu 
gebraucht  wird,  so  wird  er  diesen  Wortern  vorangestellt.  4.  Der 
Artikel  wird  vor  den  Namen  der  Cardinalpunkte  weggelassen,  wenn 
diese  nur  die  Richtung  bezeichnen  sollen.  5.  In  Nebensatzen  steht 
das  Yerb  am  Ende  des  Satzes.  6.  In  Hauptsatzen,  die  auf  einen 
Nebensatz  folgen,  oder  mit  einem  anderen  Worte  als  dem  Subjekt 
beginnen,  geht  das  Verb  dem  Subjekt  voran.  7.  Adverbien  werden 
den  Adjektiven  und  Adverbien,  welche  sie  naher  bestimmen,  voran- 
gestellt. 8.  Adverbien  folgen  dem  Verb,  welches  sie  naher  bestim- 
men. 9.  Urn  einem  Worte  eine  besondere  Betonung  zu-  verleihen, 
stellt  man  es  haufig  an  die  Spitze  des  Satzes.  10.  Viele  Adverbien 
werden  dadurch  gebildet,  dass  man  an  den  Stamm  anderer  Worter 
ein  s  oder  die  Endsilben  lich,  lings  oder  warts  anhangt.  11.  Eine 
grosse  Anzahl  Adverbien  sind  aus  einer  Zusammensetzung  der  Sub- 
stantive Fall,  Weise,  Seite,  u.  s.  f.  mit  anderen  Wortern  entstanden. 
12.  Her  und  hin  behalten  audi  in  Zusammensetzungen  mit  anderen 
Wortern,  wie  da,  hier,  wo,  u.  s.  f.,  ihre  unterscheidende  Bedeutung 
bei.  13.  Die  Priipositionen  halb,  halben  oder  halber  folgen  dem 
von  ihnen  regierten  Substantiv ;  ungeachtet  und  wegen  stehen 
bald  voran,  bald  folgen  sie  ihm.  14.  Die  Adjektive  bar,  bedurftig, 
u.  s.  f.  (siehe  Lektion  50)  regiercn  den  Genitiv.  15.  Die  Adjektive 
ansichtig,  fahig,  u.  s.  f.  (50.  1.)  werden  entweder  mit  dem  Genitiv 


INDEFINITE    NUMERALS. 


253 


oder  mit  dem  Akkusativ  verbunden.  16.  Einige  dieser  Adjektive 
werden  hiiufiger,  anstatt  mit  dem  Genitiv,  mit  einer  Proposition  ver- 
bunden, und  zwar :  gewohnt  und  leer  mit  an ;  begierig  mit  auf 
oder  nacli ;  froh  mit  liber ;  bloss,  frei,  ledig,  leer,  los  und  voll 
mit  von  ;  fahig  und  unfahig  mit  zu.  17.  Schuldig  regiert  in  der 
Bedeutung  von  guilt ij  den  Genitiv  ;  in  der  Bedeutung  von  indebted 
wird  es  mit  dem  Verb  sein  verbunden  und  wie  ein  Verb  behandelt, 
das  den  Dativ  der  Person  und  den  Akkusativ  der  Sache  regiert. 
18.  Weith  regiert  in  der  Bedeutung  von  worthy  den  Genitiv ;  in  der 
Bedeutung  von  worth  wird  es  mit  dem  Akkusativ  verbunden.  19. 
Ueber  die  Verben,  die  den  Genitiv  regieren,  siehe  Lektion  51.  20. 
Die  Priipositionen  langs,  trotz  und  zufolge  regieren  den  Genitiv 
oder  Dativ;  entlang,  den  Genitiv,  Dativ  oder  Akkusa,tiv. 


gcftimt  54. 


Lesson  54. 


INDEFINITE   NUMERALS. 


Scifjiiele. 

Sue  2Bo$r$eit  unb  bte  9?ofe  ftnb  fefjr 

fd)6n,  afcer  beibe  fyafeen  £>orncn. 
3d)  babe  tint  me  mit  trgenb  etnent  2Borte 

beleibigt. 
Bitroeilen  freffen  bte  9ftenntf)tere  md)t3 

2lnbere$,  aU  Wloo*. 
Crinncrc  bid)  ber  melen  SBoljtt&aten,  bte 

id)  bir  emneS. 


Examples. 

The  truth  and  the  rose  are  very 
beautiful,  but  both  have  thorns. 

I  have  never  offended  him  by  a 
single  word. 

Sometimes  the  reindeer  eats  nothing 

.    but  (else  than)  moss. 

Remember  the  many  benefits  (favors) 
that  I  conferred  upon  you. 


SBbrtertterjctdjmp. 

£er  ®oben,  -$,  pi.  Soben,  ground  ; 
bottom,    b  =  tt  ;  n  =  m. 

£er  8d)ritt,  -e*#  pi.  -e,  step  (stride). 

£er  <3d)iifc,  ~e3,  protection. 

£>er  llcberrotf,  -e3,  pi.  -rMe,  overcoat. 

2>ic  (Erfenntntfl,  -,  knowledge. 

2)te  $olge,  -  pi.  -n,  result  (folgen,  fol- 
low). 


Vocabulary. 

2>jf  (Settle,  -,  pi.  -n,  shell,    a  =  e. 

Die  2Btrtf)fd)aft,  -  pi.  -en,  housekeep- 
ing. 

2)00  Gtnfommen,  -§,  pi.  -  income. 

$>a3  ©efmufe,  -$,  pi.  -  shell  (£au$, 
house). 

3)a$  Seib,  -e3,  woe,  pain. 

%U  tlb,  as  though. 


254 


LESSON    54. 


STngeborcn,  inborn  ;  natural. 
2Tnlad)etn,  smile  upon. 
33etrad)'ten,  view,  consider. 
£arbteten,  offer  (bieten,  bid.    ie=i). 
ftcfrfttfcn,  be  fixed  (fejt,  fast ;    ftfcen, 

sit). 
Jtolfartig,  calcareous. 
£etften,  perform,  do. 
<&i<i)  einftctlen,  occur. 


Sobalb,  as  soon  as. 

©tetnarttg,  stonelike. 

©titten,  to  quiet,  still. 

Ueberall,  everywhere  (iiber,  over  ;  all, 

all), 
tlmfyertragen,  carry  about. 
Unberoeglid),  immovable. 
UntevbrMen,  suppress. 
Burutftreten,  withdraw. 


§tmbert  unb  adjtjeljntc  5lufgaT&e. 

1.  63  gibt  wenige  Ztute,  bie  mit  SBenigem  (18.)  <oitt,  a6er  $iele, 
tie  mit  SMelem  taenia,  fagen.  2.  (Sin  grower  Sftann  oraucbt  itbetall 
*tel  Robert.  3.  2Hs  ob  fid)  ®enie  burd)  irgenb  fitroas  in  ber  &>clt 
unterbriiden  liege.  4.  £Ba6  (27.  7.)  foil  id)  end)  all  ben  jammer 
unb  all  ba3  Scib  eqafylen.  5.  Gr  liebt  il)n  iiber  K6e4.  6.  23eibe$ 
ereignete  fid),  unb  bie  fd)limmen  golgen  »on  33eibem  ftellten  fid)  ein. 
7.  Dad  better  ift  fd)on  etroas  falter  geworben.  8.  21  tie  finb  fran! 
unb  3^ber  l)at  eine  anbere  $ranft)ett.  9.  liefer  yjlann  arbettet 
ben  ganjen  Jag  unb  yerbient  bod)  nur  febr  roenig.  10.  $icle 
treten  einen  ©$ritt  ^uriirf,  fobalb  fie  feben,  bag  bid)  bag  ©litcf  nid)t 
meljr  anladjelt  11.  ^ennft  bu  irgenb  3cmanbcn,  ber  fo  2tma3 
tl)un  miirbe?  12.  liefer  Ueberrod  ift  mir  ju  ftein  ;  bringen  @ie 
mix  einen  anbern.  13.  3$  fyabe  petite  einige  33iid)er  gefauft,  aber 
id)  braud)e  nod)  einige.  14.  SBenn  nur  aud)  2Ille3  betrad)tet  fja* 
ben,  roaS  bie  Otatur  un3  geigt;  menu  nur  aud)  2l(Ic£  genoffen  I)abenf 
ttaS  fie  un$  barbietet ;  foenn  n?ir  aud)  titles  geleiftet,  n>a$  in  il)rein 
©ebiet  fid)  thun  lajjt —  nnfer  2)urft  nad)  (Erfenntnig  ift  nodj  tange 
ntdjr  geftillt ;  nur  febnen  un3  nad>  mel)r  2Bal)rl)eit  unb  $i$i 
15.  (Sinige  3^feften  ftnb  mit  finer  falfartigen  ©djale  bebetft ;  nur 
loenigc  finb  mit  £aaren  serfefyen.  16.  $iele  beioobnen  ein  tbnen 
angeboreneg,  fteinartigeS  ©efyaufe,  bag  it)nen  jum  @dm$  unb  5luf- 
entl).i(t  bient  unb  tfyeils  »on  ifynen  uml)ergetragen  nnrb,  timU  un* 
fcetoeglicfc  feftfil^t.  17.  Wd)t  inel  Sinfommen  mad)t  ein  $au$  rcid>, 
fonbern  serftanbige  2Birtl)fd)aft.     18.  SBallenftein  to  ax  9?idjt3,  too 


INDEFINITE    NUMERALS.  255 

er  ttid)t  STffeS  war ;  er  mugre  entmeber  gar  ntc^t  befel)(ett,  ober  mit 
aoUfommener  g^ett>eit  fyanfceln. 

Exercise  119. 

1.  The  weather  is  so  cold  that  I  must  have  two  overcoats  ; 


bring  me  another  (6).  2.  As  soon  as  my  money  was  all  gone 
(4.)  my  friends  also  were  all  gone.  3.  If  you  wait  another  (6.) 
day  we  will  all  go  with  you.  4.  Do  you  wish  to  buy  another 
(6.)  pair  of  (17.  9.)  boots?  5.  No,  I  have  boots  enough. 
G.  The  fewr  friends  that  he  has  are  more  powerful  than  his 
many  (18.)  enemies.  7.  Who  has  more  enemies  and  fewer 
friends,  more  trouble  and  less  pleasure  than  the  miser  1  8.  I 
understand  all  (28.  9.)  you  say  and  can  read  all  (3.)  the  letters 
that  you  have  written.  9.  To-morrow  I  shall  go  to  Mannheim 
and  the  next  day  to  Mayence.  10.  The  weather  is  becoming 
somewhat  warm.  11.  While  (15.  8.)  I  was  rich  I  had  friends 
enough,  but  now,  since  I  am  poor,  I  have  not  a  single  one. 
12.  What  did  you  buy  in  the  city  yesterday1?  13.  I  bought 
a  few  (18.)  pencils  and  several  penholders.  14.  Did  you  buy 
pencils  of  one  kind  (16.)?  15.  No,  I  bought  of  different  kinds; 
I  need  hard  ones  as  well  as  soft  ones.  1G.  All  the  (3.)  week 
we  had  bright  sunshine  and  pleasant  weather.  17.  Every  (3.) 
day,  except  Sunday,  I  must  go  to  school.  18.  There  are  many 
kinds  (16.)  of  coins  in  circulation  in  Germany. 

©rammatiftfjel.  Grammatical. 

1.  OTcr,  tttte,  ttffeJ,  before  the  definite  article  or  a  pronoun 
often  drops  the  ending  : 

Wi  bte  Arbeit.    fttt  btefe  Seute.        All  the  work.     All  these  people. 

2.  The  neuter  form  riMt$  is  used  in  the  signification  of  every- 
thing, and  also. applied  to  persons  : 

£cr  SBeiffjic  torifj  nicf>t  $lfte§.  The  wisest  does  not  know  everything. 

Du  lie&ft,  tto  'Meg  Ite&L  Thou  lovest  where  all  (persons)  love. 


256  LESSON    54. 

3.  The  plural  of  after,  applied  to  words  denoting  divisions  of 
time,  answers  to  every ;  with  htibt  it  does  not  require  trans- 
lation : 

(£r  ge$t  ttKc  Sage  fpagtren.  He  takes  a  walk  every  day  (all  days). 

51  He  93c ill C  roflKtt  franf.  (All)  both  were  sick. 

The  English  all,  in  such  phrases  as  all  day,  all  the  week,  &c,  is  rendered 
by  ganj : 

(£3  regnet  ben  gattjen  Sag.  It  rained  (the  whole)  all  day. 

4.  9We  or  oil  is  sometimes  used  in  the  signification  of  fin- 
ished, exliausted  : 

9ftem  ©elb  ijl  afle.  My  money  is  all  gone. 

5.  ffafcerer,  Ottberc,  ttttbcreS  used  to  denote  time,  answer  to 
next  or  following  : 

2)en  unbent  Sag  regnete  e$.  The  next  day  it  rained. 

The  phrase  :  the  other  day,  is  rendered  :  Jjor  CtnigClt  XagCi!. 

6.  tobcrer,  Oltberc,  01tbere§  does  not,  like  other,  denote 
something  additional ;  this  idea  being  expressed  by  nod)  : 

^imm  etnen  ttJltJcril  Mantel;  biefer  ijr  Take  another  cloak  (instead  of  this); 

ju  bitnn.  this  is  too  thin. 

9(tmm  nod)  etnen  SWantet;  etner  tji  md)t  Take  another  (an  additional)  cloak  ; 

genug.  one  is  not  enough. 

7.  33eibe,  both,  often  refers  to  objects  taken  separately. 
£3dbe  with  Uttljt  or  fetlt  often  answers  to  the  pronoun  neither  : 

2SeId)e3  son  ben  fiet&en  ^ferben  ttrirb       Which  of  the  tivo  (the  both)  horses 

er  faufen  ?  will  he  buy  ? 

(£r  ttirb  fetn§  »on  OciuM  faufen.  He  will  buy  neither  of  them. 

8.  In  referring  to  two  things  different  in  kind  the  form 
betbc§,  neuter  singular,   is  often  used  : 

Sr  fyatte  ben  SRtng  unb  bte  5lette,  akr  er       He  had  the  ring  and  the  chain,  but 
fcat  6eifte$  serloren,  he  has  lost  both. 


INDEFINITE    NUMERALS.  257 

9.  (BitltV,  (Etne,  dittCg  (26.  6.)  is  used  substantively  with  or 
•without  the  definite  article  : 

(§iner  fagt  \a,  etn  Slnberer  nein.  One  says  yes,  the  other  no. 

©CI  (£me  ift  reid),  ber  Slnbere  arm.  The  one  is  rich,  the  other  poor. 

10.  Reiner,  ®titlt,  ®citlt§  (26.  6.)  is  always  used  without 
the  article  : 

©or  (Einer  fyier  ?    $Cttter  roar  toer.        "Was  any  one  here  ?    No  one  was  here. 

11.  dtmger,  cintge,  emtfleS  and  ctUtfjcr,  ctlttfjc,  etlidjcs  are 

to  be  rendered  by  a  little,  some,  a  few  : 

$la&)  eintger  3eit.  After  a  little  while. 

(£fHdje  Sage  natter,  ^l/ew  <%s  afterward. 

12.  ($tUM§  before  nouns  or  adjectives  answers  to  a  little, 
somewhat,  and  is  written  with  a  small  initial : 

(S3  roirb  ettoaS  ftarm.  It  is  getting  a  little  warm. 

13.  ©Cltug  has  the  same  variety  of  signification  as  the  cor- 
responding English  word  : 

2)er  5Mer  ijl  nid)t  ticf  ftC ttltfl.  The  cellar  is  not  deep  enough. 

28ir  fiakrt  ftreunbe  itnb  ©elb  flCHUfi.  We  have  friends  and  money  enough. 

2)u  l)a\t  0CnU0  gefaot.  Thou  hast  said  enough. 

14.  3r9cNb  indicates  indefiniteness,  and  is  equivalent  to  any, 
whatever,  at  all,  some  : 

5Benn  c3  irfjetlfc  mogUd)  ift.  If  it  is  at  all  possible. 

(£r  fatfc  immcr  trgetttl  cine  unangenefjme       He  has  always  some  land  of  a  dis- 
SBaljrfyeit  auf  ber  £ippe.  agreeable  truth  on  his  lips  (18.14.). 

15.  Numerals  combined  with  let  (Middle  High  German  din 
leige  or  leie),  hind,  form  a  class  of  words  called  variatives  : 

(Eincrlci.    3r!?eierlci.  Of  one  kind.     Of  two  hinds. 

$ie(crlci.     Mertei.  Of  many  kinds.     Of  all  sorts. 

£c3  SftorgenS  fatten  ttrir  ilinber  nur  In  the  morning  we   children  had 

etlterlet  <3peife.  only  one  hind  of  food. 

£3  ift  i^m  etlterlci,  ob  er  mit  einer  \iU  It  is  the  same  to  him  whether  ho 

bernen  ober  mit  einer  ginncmen  ©abel  eats  with  a  silver  or  tin  fork. 

i&t. 

17 


258  LESSON    54. 

16.  9Jtaitrf)Cr  in  the  singular,  like  jebcr,  conveys  the  idea  of 
plurality  and  is  usually  rendered  many  a  one,  aud  in  the  plural, 
many  or  some  ; 

9J2an(fjer  kfjauptet    or    manrijC  It*        Many  a  one   maintains,    or    many 
fyaupten,  ic.  maintain,  &c. 

17.  95tcl  and  tUCtttg,  when  indicating  a  quantity  or  a  num- 
ber taken  collectively,  are  usually  undeclined,  unless  preceded 
by  the  article  or  a  pronoun,  or  are  used  substantively  and  have 
t  he  full  accent : 

(£r  Ijat  tnetttg  SBtjJ,  after  bid  ©etb.  He  has  little  wit,  but  mucli  money. 

G5  jmb  ttJCntg  Dicncr  bie  greunbe  ibjer  There  are  few  servants  (the)  friends 

£erren.  of  their  masters. 

Unb  bann  bie  melen  ^etnbeSpojlen.  And  then  the  many  hostile  posts. 

2Mne  roenigen  $reunbe.  My  few  friends. 

18.  SStel  and  tueittf}  are  declined  when  referring  to  numbers 
considered  as  individuals,  and  also  when  used  substantively  : 

SBenigC  £age  nadj  fetner  3urucffunft  fab,       A  few  days  after  his  return  he  saw 
er  Demutlj  unb  ©djmetcfyelet  au3  ben  humility  and  flattery  disappear 

roenigen  ©extern  entmetdjen.  from  the  few  faces. 

19.  ditt  pddV  (paar  written  with  small  initial)  signifies  a  few: 
(£r  tt>irb  nur  tin  paat  Sage  fjter  Metbert.     He  will  remain  here  but  a  few  days. 


SSHeberljoUutg.  Recapitulation. 

Hundert  und  zwanzigste  Aufgabe. 

Die  deutsche  Sclirift. 

Die  Zeichen  der  deutschen  Schrift,  die  Buchstaben,  sind  Laut- 
zeichen,  denn  sie  bezeichnen  Laute  und  Verhaltnisse  der  Laute.  Die 
Form  der  in  Deutschland,  wie  in  fast  ganz  Europa  bis  zu  Ende  des 
dreizehnten  Jahrhimderts  iiblichen  Schriftzeichen  war  die  der  lateini- 
schen  Buchstaben.  Als  irn  zwolften  und  dreizehnten  Jahrhundert 
die  Volker  des  Abendlandes  hauptsachlich  durch  die  Kreuzziige  in 
lebhafte  Beriihrung  mit  dem  Morgenlande  kamen  und  die  feineren 
Sitten  und  Kiinste  des  Morgenlandes  kennen  lernten,  fand,  wie  in 


RECAPITULATION.  259 

der  Sprache  und  Literatur  und  dem  ganzen  gesellschaftlichen  Leben, 
so  auch  in  der  Baukunst  eine  gewaltige  Umwalzung  statt.  I  An 
die  Stelle  der  Rundbogen  trat  der  durch  die  Verschlingung  zweier 
Rundbogen  entstehende  Spitzbogen,  statt  des  massiven  scliweren 
Pfeilers  brachte  man  die  leichtere,  schlankere  Saule  in  Anwendung, 
die  Kuppel  ward  aufgegeben  und  das  Hauptaugenmerk  auf  den 
Chor  gerichtet,  und  so  entwickelte  sich  zuerst  in  Frankreich,  dann 
in  Deutschland  und  England  eine  neue  Baukunst  (Gothischer  Bau- 
styl),  deren  herrlichstes,  bis  in  die  aussersten  Auslaufe  consequent 
durchgefuhrtes  Meisterwerk,  der  Dom  zu  Coin,  uns  die  erhabene 
Grosse  und  voile  Schonheit  dieses  Styles  in  seiner  reinsten  Aus- 
bildung  und  hochsten  Vollkommenheit  vor  Augen  fuhrt.  Die  edlen, 
schlanken  Formen  und  anmuthigen  Ornamente  dieses  Styles  ver- 
leiteten  die  Abschreiber  jener  Zeit,  die  runden,  reinen  Formen  der 
lateinischen  Buchstaben  in  die  Lange  zu  ziehen,  auszuspitzen,  zu  ver- 
sehnorkeln  und  —  zu  verknorzen.  Die  Erfinder  der  Druckerei  be- 
dienten  sich  derselben  Schriftzeichen,  wie  sie  in  den  Handschriften 
iiblich  waren,  und  so  finden  wir  in  den  ersten  Drucken  des  funfzehn- 
ten  Jahrhunderts,  in  alien  europaischen  Sprachen  dieselben  eckigen, 
verschnorkelten  Formen.  Italien  kehrte  schon  gegen  Ende  des 
funfzehnten  Jahrhunderts  zu  den  reinen  Formen  der  lateinischen 
Buchstaben  zuriick,  wie  man  sie  in  den  alten  Handschriften  der 
Klassiker  vor  Augen  hatte,  und  bald  folgten  auch  andere  Volker 
seinem  Beispiele  nach.  Gegenwartig  nerrscht  der  Gebrauch  der 
eckigen  Schrift  nur  noch  in  Deutschland,  Danemark,  Liefland,  Lit- 
tauen,  Estland  und  Finnland,  sowie  in  bohmischen  und  schwedischen 
Zeitungen.  Keuerdings  hat  man  auch  in  diesen  Landern  angefangen, 
zur  runden  Form  der  lateinischen  Buchstaben  zuriickzukehren. 


VERBS  OF  THE  OLD  CONJUGATION. 

CONNECTED  VIEW  OP  RULES  AND  EXCEPTIONS. 

1.  The  Present  Tense  of  Verbs  in  the  Old  Conjugation  is 
formed  the  same  as  in  the  New,  except  as  noted  below  (Exc.  4., 
5.,  6.,  and  7.). 

2.  The  Imperative  Mood  is  formed  like  that  of  the  New 
Conjugation  (Exc.  8.  and  9.). 

3.  The  Xmperf.  Ind.  changes  the  root-vowel  of  the  Inf.  and 
in  the  first  and  third  persons  sing,  takes  no  personal-endings ; 
in  the  other  persons,  it  takes  those  of  the  Pres.  Ind. 

4.  In  the  Imperf.  Subj.,  Verbs  of  the  Old  Form  suffix  e  to 
the  first  and  third  persons  siug.  of  the  Imperf.  Ind.  and  take 
the  umlaut,  if  capable  of  it. 

5.  The  Perf.  Part,  has  the  form  of  the  Inf.,  except  that  in 
most  verbs  the  root-vowel  is  changed  ;  when  accented  on  the  first 
syllable,  the  augment  gc  is  prefixed. 

Exceptions. 

1.  $inflen,  gltmmen,  fetfen,  flimmcn,  fnetfen,  fneijien,  ittelfen, 
fdjafien,  fdjnaukn,  fdjraukn,  ftcfcen,  ftctfcn,  triefen,  toogen,  and  foekn 

may  follow  either  the  Old  or  the  New. 

2.  $8a$tn,  lofdjen,  qucHen,  fdjmeljen,  fdjretfen,  fdjtoetten,  and  Her* 

krklt,  as  intransitive  verbs,  follow  the  Old  Form  ;  as  transitive,  they  follow 
the  New. 

3.  Setoegen,  Mddjen,  Jtflegen,  fdjletfctt,  toeidjen,  and  tmegett,  when 

signifying  to  move,  bleach,  nurse,  demolish,  soften,  rock,  respectively,  follow 
the  New  Form. 

4.  Twenty  verbs  take  the  umlaut  in  the  second  and  third  persons  sing. 
of  the  Pres.  Ind. : 

fccttfen  (7.),         fallen,  fwngen,  ration  (7.),         jlopen, 

fclafen,  fcmgen,         laben  (7.),  faufen,  tragen, 

fcraten  (7.),         arakn,         laffen  (7.),         f&lafeit,  tt)ad)fert, 

fafrrert,  tyalten,  laufen,  fc^tagen,  ttafcfyert. 


EXCEPTIONS. 


261 


5.  Twenty-eight  verbs  change  the  root-vowel  C  of  the  Inf.  in  the  second 
and  third  persons  sing,  of  the  Pres.  Ind.  to  t : 

bergen, 
berften  (7.), 
brecfyen, 
brefdjen  (7.), 
effen  (7.), 
fedrten  (7.), 
flcd)ten  (7.), 

6.  Six  verbs  change  the  root-vowel  e  of  the  Inf.  in  the  second  and  third 
persons  sing,  of  the  Prea.  Ind.  to  tc  : 

befeblen,       empfefyten,       g.efd)eb,en,       tefett,       fefyen,       jMjlen. 

7.  Nineteen  verbs  form  their  second  and  third  persons  sing,  of  the 
Pres.  Ind.  as  follows  : 


freffcn  (7.), 

fd)elten, 

fterben, 

aeben, 

fdjmeljen, 

trcffen, 

gelten, 

fcfyreden, 

treten  (7.), 

f)  el  fen, 

fcfytr-etten, 

tterberbcn, 

meffen  (7.), 

fpredjen, 

vergeffen  (7.) 

nefymen  (7.), 

jtedjen, 

roerbcn, 

quellen, 

fteden  (7.), 

tterfen. 

Present 

Present  Indicative, 

Present 

Present  Indicative, 

Infinitive. 

2d  pers.  sing. 

3d  pers.  sing. 

Infinitive. 

2d  pers.  sing. 

3d  pers.  ting. 

Baden  (2/ 

f  badfr,  or 
'  1  barfft 

batft  or 
badt. 

gebaren, 

f  gebterft  or 
1  gebdrft, 

gebtcrt,  or 
gcbdrt. 

berfien, 

(  btrftejl,  or 

1  berftcft, 

btrfr,  or 
berftct. 

laben, 

r  Idbfr,  or 
I  tabefr, 

Idbt,  or 
labet. 

braten, 
brefcfyen, 

f  brdtft,  or 
1  bratcft, 
f  brtfcfyeft  or 
1  brefd)cft, 

brat,  or 

laffen, 

Uffeft 

lafn. 

bratet. 
brtfd)t  or 

Ififacn  (2.) 

|  ltfd)ft,  and 
'lI5fd)ft, 

Iifd)t,  and 
I5f<fct. 

'  brcfify. 

meffen, 

mtffeft, 

mi£t. 

effen, 

tffeft, 

m- 

ncljmen, 

ntmmjt, 

nimmt. 

fectyten, 

r  ftdtffi,  or 
1  fed)teft, 

ftd)t,  or 

ratfyen, 

rdtbft, 

rdtb,. 

fedrtct. 

fteden, 

f  fli(f ft  or 
I  ftedft 

fKtft,  or 

fled)ten, 

|  flid)teft,  or 
1  fled)teft, 

flid)t,  or 

flecft. 

fledjtet. 

treten, 

trtttft, 

trttt. 

freffen, 

friffeft, 

frtgt. 

ttergeffen, 

ftergifrft 

ttergifjt. 

roerbcn, 

toirft, 

totrb. 

8.  Those  verbs  in  which  the  root-vowel  of  the  Inf.  is  changed,  in  the 
second  and  third  persons  sing,  of  the  Pres.  Ind ,  to  i  or  ie  retain  this  vowel- 
change  in  the  Imperative  Sing,  and  drop  the  final  t. 

9.  Thirteen  verbs  form  their  Imperative  Sing,  as  follows  : 


Pres.  Inf. 

Imperative  Sing. 

Pres.  Inf. 

Imperative  Sing. 

berften, 

btrfl  or  berfte. 

nefymen, 

n  intra. 

brefdjen, 

brifd)  or  brefdje. 

fe^en, 

ftetj  or  ftelje. 

effen, 

if*. 

fteden, 

ffetfe. 

freffcn, 

m§. 

treten, 

trttt. 

gebdren, 

gebter  or  gebcire. 

ttergeffen, 

ttergjg. 

Iofd)en  (2.;, 

lifdr>  and  lijfcfye. 

toerben, 

toerbe. 

meffen, 

mt§. 

262 


ALPHABETICAL    LIST    OF    VERBS 


10.  $refdjeit  in  the  Imperf.  has  both  the  Old  and  the  New  Forms,  and 
also  the  more  common,  but  irregular  one,  fcrofd). 

11.  §Olten  in  the  Imperf.  often  follows  the  New  Form,  especially  when 
signifying  7o  cut. 

12.  fia&Clt  has  in  the  Imperf.  both  forms  of  conjugation. 

13.  SRttljIen  in  the  Imperf.  follows  the  New  Form. 

14.  Sdjlfliiltlt  has  in  the  Imperf.,  besides  the  regular  form  fcfjtoor,  the 
irregular  one  fdjtouT. 

15.  SBcrbCtt  in  the  Imperf.  Ind.  has  in  the  sing.,  besides  the  regular 

forms  toarti,  toarfcfl,  toari),  the  irregular  ones  tourfcc,  tourbeft,  tourbe ; 

in  the  plur.  it  has  only  toltrfcen,  fourfcet,  tmtrfcen  ;  the  Imperf.  Subj.  being 
derived  from  the  irregular  forms  of  the  Ind. 

16.  Ster&cn,  berfccrGcn,  tocr&en,  and  tuerfcn  have  in  the  imperf.  Subj., 

besides  the  regular  forms  ftttvdc,  Derfcarbc,  tuiil'bc,  tUtttfc,  the  more  usual 
irregular  ones  fftrbe,  tJCtilurbC,  tVUtbt,  tOUtjt. 

17.  gotten,  fttfjen,  fatten,  and  fdjroten  in  the  Imperf.  follow  the  New, 
in  the  Perf.  Part.,  either  form  of  conjugation. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  VERBS  OF  THE  OLD 
CONJUGATION. 


Pres.  Inf. 

Imperf.  Ind. 

Perf.  Part; 

©tttfen,3* 

totf, 

gebttcfen. 

bake, 

baked, 

baked. 

Sefe^en,1 

kftt&l, 

kfofjlen. 

command, 

commanded 

,  commanded. 

33eflet§en,5 

kflt£, 

kfliffen. 

appiy» 

applied, 

applied. 

Seginnen,1 

kgomt, 

feegOimen. 

begin, 

began, 

begun. 

Setjkn,5 

M§, 

grtijfen. 

bite, 

bit, 

bitten. 

Serpen,1 

frftrg, 

geborgen. 

conceal, 

concealed, 

concealed. 

raettung.    Derivation. 

(2.  and  7.)  t    0.  H.  G.  pachan ;  A.-S.  bacan ; 
&\\.to'Ldit.pangere  ;  Gr.nr}yvvfxi)Skr.patsch. 

(6.  and  8.)    0.  H.  G.  pifelahan  (from  Goth. 
filalian;  0.  H.  Q.felakan). 

Used  only  reflexively.     From  the  obs.  verb 
(Teifeil;  0.  H.  G.  fiizan,  flizzan. 

O.H.G .pikinnan ,  biginnan ;  Goth,  duginnan; 
A.-S.  beginnan  (from  Goth,  ginnan,  cut). 

0.  H.  G.pizan;  Goth    behan;  A.-S.  bitan ; 
all.  to  l&t.findere ;  Gr.  <£eiSoM<"  ;  Skr.  bhid. 

(5.  and  8.)    0.  H.  G.  perkan,  berkan;   Goth. 
bairgan;  A.-S.  beorgan;  Eng.  bury.% 


*  The  Class  to  which  each  verb  belongs  is  indicated  by  the  appended  number, 
f  The  numbers  in  parentheses  refer  to  Exceptions  in  Conn.  View,  pp.  260-262. 
%  Table  of  illustrations  of  consonantal  and  vowel  changes,  pp.  26  and  27:  e  g. 
fcerQen,  hury,  0  =  «/  (no.  33.),   t  =  u  (no.  SO.);  &c. 


OF    THE   OLD    CONJUGATION: 


263 


Serffen,1 
buret, 

barff, 
burst, 

geborffen. 
burst. 

gkroegen,6 
induce, 

beroog, 
induced, 

bewogen. 
induced. 

Siegen,6 
bend, 

bent, 

gebagen. 
bent. 

SBtetcn,6 

offer, 

bat, 
offered, 

gebatcn. 
offered. 

©inben,1 
bind, 

banb, 
bound, 

gebunben. 
bound. 

23itten,2 
ask, 

bat, 

asked, 

gebeten. 
asked. 

Slafen,4 
blow, 

Mitt, 

blew, 

geblafen. 
blown. 

33letben,5 
remain, 

blteb, 
remained, 

geblieben. 
remained. 

Stcidjen,5 
bleach, 

bltd), 
bleached, 

geblidjen. 
bleached. 

Sraten,4 
roast, 

t>riet, 

roasted, 

gcbratcn. 
roasted. 

©redjen,1 
break, 

brad), 
broke, 

gebrod?en. 
broken. 

£ingen,6 
bargain, 
S^rcfdjen,1 
thiash, 

bung, 

bargained, 
brefd), 
thrashed, 

gebungen. 
bargained. 
gebrofd)en. 
thrashed. 

Sttingen,1 
urge, 

(£mpfeb/len, 
commend, 

brang, 
urged, 
1  empfafol, 
commended 

gebrltngcn. 
urged. 
cmpfoblcn. 
,  commended 

GfTen,2 
eat, 

ate, 

gegcffcn. 
eaten. 

gaf;ren,3 
ride, 

fubr, 
rode, 

gefabren. 
ridden. 

fallen,4 
fall, 

fid, 

fell, 

gefoftcn. 
fallen. 

Sal  ten,4 
fold, 

faltete, 
folded, 

gefalten. 
folded. 

Sangen,4 
catch, 
gcd)ten,6 
fight. 

ftng, 
caught, 
fOd)t, 
fought, 

gefangen. 
caught, 
gefocbten. 
fought. 

(7.  and  9.)  0.  H.  G.  brestan;  A.-S.  berstan, 
burstan;  Eng.  brast  obs.,  burst. 

(3.)  From  0.  H.  G.  wechan;  Goth,  vagjan; 
A  .-S.  wegan  ;  allied  to  Lat.  vehere. 

0.  H.  G.  piocan;  Goth,  biugan;  A.-S  beo- 
gan  ;  Eng.  bow ;  allied  to  Skr.  bhudj. 

O.U.G.  piotan,biutan  ;  Goth  bindan;  A.-S. 
beodan;  Eng.  bid. 

0.  H.  G. pintan ;  Goth,  bindan ;  A.-S.  bindan; 
all.  to  Lat.  vincire;  Gr.  a^-qya ;  Skr.  bandh. 

0.  II.  G.pittan ;  Goth,  bidjan;  A  -S.  biddan; 
Eng.  bid;  Lat.  peter e. 

(4.)  0.  H.  G.  plasan;  Goth,  blesan;  Eng. 
blast,  blaze;  allied  to  Gr.  (frvaav. 

O.II. G.piHpan;  Goth. bilaibjan ;  A  -S.belifan 
(from  A.-S.laefan;  Eng.  leave ;  Gr.  AcuTeiy). 

(3.)    0.  II.  G.  blichan;  A.-S.  blaecan;  Dan. 

bleege;  Sw.  W<£a. 
(4.)  O.H.G.pra^an  ;  A.-S.bredan;  all.  to  Lat. 

frigere  ;  Gr.<j>pvyeii> ;  Skr.Mrag^ ;  Eng./ry. 

(5-  and  8. )  0.  II.  G .  prechan ;  Goth,  brikan ; 
A.-S.  brccan;  allied  to  Lat.  frangere;  Gr. 
pry-yvv/xi ;  Skr.  bhandj. 

(1.)    0.  H.  G.  dingjan,  dingan. 

(7.,  9.,  and  10.)  0  II.  G.  dreskan;  Goth. 
thriskan;  A.-S.  thrixcan. 

0.  II.  G.  dringan,  thringan;  Goth,  threihan; 
A.-S.  throng,  thrang;  Eng.  throng. 

(6.  and  8.)    Goth,  anajilahan  (see  be febUll). 

(7.  and  9.)  0.  II.  G.  ^zan,  ezzan;  Goth,  j'tan; 
A.-S.  *tan;  Lat.  edere;  Gr.  eficiv ;  Skr.  ar/. 

(4.)  0.  II.  Q.faran;  Goth,  faran;  A.-S.  fa- 
ran;  Hug.  fare;  allied  to  Lat.  varare,  Gr. 
Tropeueti'. 

(4.)  0.  H.  G.fallan;  A.-S.  feallan ;  Sw. 
falla;  Dan.  falde. 

(17.)  0.  II.  G  faltan;  Goth,  falthan;  A.-S. 
fealdan. 

(4.)  0.  II.  G.fahan,fangan;  Goth,  fahan; 
A.-S.  fangan;  Eng.  fang  (to  seize)  obs. 

(7.  and  8.)  0.  H.  G.fehten;  A.-S.  feohtan; 
allied  to  Lat.  pugnare;  Gr.  Tru/creweiy. 


264 


ALPHABETICAL    LIST    OF    VERBS 


gfabett,1 

fcnty 

gefunben. 

find, 

found, 

found. 

g-(etf)ten,6 

fl0d)t, 

gcftocfyten. 

twist, 

twisted, 

twisted. 

fttiegen,6 

$H* 

geflOgen. 

fly, 

flaw, 

flown. 

$liclKn,6 

m, 

geflot)en. 

flee, 

fled, 

fled. 

glicgen,6 

flop, 

gefloffen. 

flow, 

flowed, 

flowed. 

gr  effort,2 

W, 

gefreffen. 

devour, 

devoured, 

devoured. 

grtCren,6 

fror, 

gefrOrcn. 

freeze, 

froze, 

frozen. 

Oaforen,0 

Q0$T* 

gegOl)rert. 

ferment, 

fermented, 

fermented. 

©ebdren,1 

gcbttr, 

geborert. 

bear, 

bore, 

borne. 

©efccn,2 

safe, 

gegcben. 

give, 

gave, 

given. 

©cbcifjen,5 

gebtefi, 

gebiet)ert. 

prosper, 

prospered, 

prospered. 

©et)en,4 

fling, 

gegangen. 

go, 

went, 

gone. 

©dtngen,1 

gelang, 

gelungcn. 

succeed, 

succeeded, 

succeeded. 

©elten,1 

flttlr, 

gegoltcn. 

be  worth, 

was  worth, 

been  worth. 

©atefot,8 

gertttS, 

gencfen. 

recover, 

recovered, 

recovered. 

©entegert,6 

gertO§, 

gcnoffcn. 

enjoy, 

enjoyed, 

enjoyed. 

QkfdjCfyert,2 

gefd)Ht), 

gefd)tf)en. 

happen, 

happened, 

happened. 

©cvoirmen,1 

gemunrt, 

getuonrten. 

gain, 

gained, 

gained. 

©ic§en,6 

sop, 

gegOffen. 

pour, 

poured, 

poured. 

©leiAen,6 

gtf<$, 

gegli&en. 

resemble, 

resembled, 

resembled. 

©letten,5 

Bite, 

geglitten. 

glide, 

glided, 

glided. 

0.  II.  G.findan ;  Goth,  flnlhan ;  A.-S.flndan; 
Bsn.Jinde;  Sw.Jinna. 

(7.  and  8.)  0.  II.  G.  flehtan;  allied  to  Lat. 
plectere,  pacare  ;  Eng.  plait. 

O.H.G.  fliogan,fliugan;  A.-S. fleogan ;  al- 
lied to  Lat.  fagere  ;  Gr.  <\>evyeiv. 

0.  II.  G.  fliokan,  fliuhan;  Goth,  thliuhan; 
A.-S.  fleolian;  allied  to  Lat.  fugere;  Gr. 
tyevyziv. 

O.ll.G.fliuzan;  A.-S.fleotan;  Eng.float;  Gr. 
fikv^eiv  ;  allied  to  L'xt.fluere;  Eng.  flow. 

(7.  and  9.)  0.  II.  G.frezzan;  Goth,  fritan; 
A.-S.fretan;  Eng.  fret  (from  bmjJVlt). 

0.  H.G.friosan;  A.-S  frcosan,frysa7i;  from 
Goth,  fri us,  cold. 

Allied  to  gdjeil  ;  Eng.  go. 

(7.  and  9.)  Goth,  gabairan;  A.-S.  geberan; 
allied  to  Lsit.ferre;  Gr.  4>epetv ;  Skr.  WW. 

(5.  and  8.)  0.  II.  G.  keban,  geban;  Goth,  gi- 
ban;  A.-S.  gifan;  allied  to  Gr.  eyyeueii/. 

O.ll.G.kedihen;  fromobs .fcibctt  ;  O.H.G. 
tihan;  Goth,  leihan;  A.-S.  fftont. 

0.  II.  G.  gen,  gan;  Goth,  gaggan;  A.-S. 
g-ara,  gangan. 

O.  H.  G.  gelingen  (allied  to  ©(fif  ;  M.  H.  G. 
gelucke;  Eng.  Zmc&). 

(5.  and 8.)  O.H.G  kiltan ; Goth,  gildan;  A.-S. 
g«Wa«  (cf.  Eng.  g-e&  obs.,  tax,  payment). 

0.  II.  G.  keneran,  genesan;  Goth,  ganisan; 

from  0.  II.  G.  nnan ;  A.-S.  nerian. 
O.  II.  G.  geniazzan;  Goth,  ganiutan;  from 

0  H.  G  niazan;  Goth,  niutan;  A.-S.  njtf- 

tton. 
(6.  and  8.)    0.  II.  G.  kiskehan,  gischehen; 

allied  to  Lat.  cadere,  accidrre. 

From  O.  II.  G.  icinnan;  Goth,  vinan;  A.-S. 
winnan;  Eng.  «;m. 

O.  II.  G  giuzan;  Goth,  giutan;  A.-S.  g-eo- 
tan;  Eng.  g-ws/i;  Gr.  xeSo-at. 

O.  II.  G.  gelichen;  Goth,  galeikan;  A.-S. 
gelician;  from  Goth,  leikan;  Eng.  Z/ie. 

M.  II.  G.  gtaen;  A.-S.  gildan;  allied  to 
leireii ;  Eng.  Zead. 


OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


265 


©rtmmen,6 

gtomm, 

geglontmcn. 

shine  (fain 

tly),    shone, 

shone. 

','  ©raben,8 

grttb. 

gegrttben. 

dig, 

dug, 

dug. 

©reifen,5 

Griff, 

fiesttifcn. 

seize, 

seized, 

seized. 

'/fatten,4 

licit, 

gefmltcn. 

hold, 

held, 

held.  j 

£angen,4 

#»& 

gebangen. 

hang, 

hung, 

hung. 

£auen,4 

&ieb, 

gefjtntcn. 

hew, 

hewed, 

hewed. 

£ebcn,6 

\)Ob, 

gefyoben. 

heave, 

heaved, 

heaved. 

£eipen,5 

fjit$, 

gctjcipcn. 

he  named, 

was  named 

,  been  named. 

Reifen,1 

Wf, 

gc&Olfen. 

help, 

helped, 

helped. 

tfeijtn,8 

tin, 

gefirfen. 

chide, 

chided, 

chided. 

StlklKU? 

flob, 

geflobcn. 

cleave, 

cleft, 

cleft. 

Jilimmen,6 

flomm, 

geflommen. 

climb, 

climbed, 

climbed. 

tfliugcn,1 

flung, 

geflungen. 

sound, 

sounded, 

sounded. 

ftnetfen,6 

fniff, 

gefntjfen. 

pinch, 

pinched, 

pinched. 

teben,5 

fnipp, 

geftuppen. 

pinch, 

pinched, 

pinched. 

ilommen,1 

tent, 

gcfommen. 

come, 

came, 

come. 

£ried)cn,G 

frOd), 

gefrod)en. 

creep, 

crept, 

crept. 

flufrren,0 

fOl)r, 

gefobjen. 

choose, 

chose, 

chosen. 

I'cbcn,2 

tub, 

gelttben. 

load, 

loaded, 

loaded. 

Saffen,4 

lien, 

geljjffen. 

let, 

let, 

let. 

■  Snufen,4 

Itef, 

gefatafen. 

run, 

ran, 

run. 

(1.)  Eng.  gleam ;  allfcd  to  cdtmtnerti ;  Eng. 
glimmir;  and  to  jjlfitjftl  ;   Eng.  glow. 

)  (4  )    0.  II  G.  graban;  Goth,  graban;  A.-S. 
\      grafan;  Eng.  gave;  allied  to  Gr.  ypa^eiv. 

0.  II.  G-  greiffon,  grey  ion;  Goth,  greipan; 
A.-S.  gripan;  Eng.  gripe. 

(4.)    0.  II.  G.  haltan;  Goth,  haldan;  A  -S. 
hcaldan;  Dan.  holde. 

(4.)    0.  II  G  kalian,  /tangan;  Goth,  hahan; 
A.-S.  hangan;  Sw.  hanga;  Dan.  hange. 

(11.)    0.  II.  G.  homcan;  A.-S.  heawan;  Sw. 
hugga;  Dan.  huggc. 

0.  II.  G.  Arj7«n  ;  Goth.  Aa#m;  A.-S.  AcMan, 
Ae/an  ,•  allied  to  Lat.  capere. 

0.  II.  G.  heizan;  Goth,  haltan ;  A.-S. halan; 
Eng.  behight,  kight,  obs.;  all  to  Lat.  n'tare. 

(5.  and  8.)    0.  II.  G.  AeZ/an;  Goth.  Atfemn; 
A.-S.  helpan;  Sw.  hjelpa;  Dan.  A/e/pe. 

(1.)    Allied  to  Lat.  cav'dlari. 

0.  II.  G.  kliupan,  chliopan;  A.-S.  cleofan; 
S'.v.  khjfwa;  Dan.  kioeve. 

(1.)     0.  II.  G.   chlimban,  klhnpan;    A.-S. 
climban. 

0.   H.   G.   klinkan,   chlinkan;    Eng.   cJmA, 
clank;  allied  to  Lat.  clange/e ;  Gr.  cA*£ctr. 


(1  )    0.  H.  G.  kni/ppen.  nippan:  Goth  /fc«w- 
/>an;  A.-S.  knipan;  Eng.  m'p. 


0.  II.  G.  chorncn,  kuman;  Goth,  gvfman, 
A.-S.  cuman;  allied  to  Skr.  gam. 

0.  II.  G    krivchhan,  chrichhan;  A.-S.  creo- 
7?a»;  Sw.  knjpa;  Dan.  krybe. 

0.  II.  G.  kiusan;  A.-S.  ceosan;  Sw.  Aresa. 

(7.  and  12.)  0.  II.  G.  A/atan,  hladan;  Goth. 
hlatlian;  A.-S.  hladan;  Eng.  We,  /ontf. 

(7.)    0    H.  G.  /azan;    Goth,  taan;    A.-S. 
laetan;  Dan.  We. 

(4.)    0.  II.  G.  hlovffnn,  loufan;  Goth.  Afou- 
pare;  A.-S.  hleapan;  Eng.  fecp. 


266 


ALPHABETICAL    LIST    OF    VE.IBS 


Eeiben,5 

suffer, 

i?eif>en,5 

lend, 

fiefcn,3 

read, 


lilt, 
suffered, 

Ifcfc 

lent, 

lad, 
read, 


Siegcn,2      lag. 


gelitten. 

suffered. 

geltefcen. 

lent. 

gclcfcn. 

read. 

gelegen. 

lain. 


//       lie  (down),  lay, 

Sof&cn,6     lofd),  gelofdjen. 
extinguish,  extinguished,  extinguished 

Sugen,6       log,  gelogen. 

lie,  lied,  lied. 

3»o^Icn,8     mablte,  gematylen. 

grind,         ground,  ground. 

Sfleiben,5     mitt,  gemieben. 

avoid,  avoided,  avoided. 

SWelfen,6      molf,  gemolfen. 

milk,  milked,  milked. 

SWfjfen,2      map,  gemfflcn. 

measure,  measured,  measured. 

SWiplingen,1  niiplong,  mijHungcn. 

go  amiss,  went  amiss,    gone  amiss. 

sflcfymen,1  na&m,  genommen. 

take,  took,  taken. 

SPfcifen,6  tfiff,  gepfiffcn. 

whistle,  whistled,  whistled. 

SPflegen,6  ppog,  gepflogen. 

cherish,  cherished,  cherished. 

9>retfen,5  pried,  gepriefen. 

praise,  praised,  praised. 

Cucflcn,6  quotf,  gequoflen. 

gush,  gushed,  gushed. 

9tatf)en,*  rietf),  gcrttt^en. 

advise,  advised,  advised. 

9tci6en,6  ricb,  gcriekn. 

rub,  rubbed,  rubbed. 

SReijjen,5  rip,  geriflTen. 

tear,  tore,  torn. 

SRehcn,6  rill,  geritten. 

ride,  rode,  ridden. 

dlitfym,6  rod),  gerodjen. 

smell,  smelled,  smelled. 


0.  H.  G.  lidan;  Sw.  lida;  Dan.  tide. 

0  II.  G.  lihan;  Goth,  leihvan;  A.-S.  KAan; 
Eng.  /oan,  fcnrf. 

(6.  and  8.)  0.  H.  G.  lezan;  allied  to  Lat. 
legere;  Gr.  \4yeLv. 

0.  H.  G.  liggan,  ligen;  Goth.  Zt^an;  A.-S. 
licgan,  ligean,  liggan. 

(2  ,  7.,  and  9.)  0.  H.  G.  lagan;  Eng.  slake. 

0.  H.  G.  liogan;  Goth,  liugan;  A.-S.  leogan; 
Sw.  ljuga;  Dan.  Zywe. 

(13.)  0.  H.  G.  muljan,  malan,  Goth,  ws- 
Zan;  Eng.  m/W;  Lat.  molere. 

0.  H.  G.  midan;  allied  to  Lat.  vitare. 

(1.)  0.  II.  G.  melchan;  A.-S.  melcan,  milci- 
an;  allied  to  Lat.  mulgere;  Gr.  d^eA-yeip. 

(7.  and  9.)  0.  II.  G.  mezan;  Goth,  mitan; 
A.-S.  metan;  Eng.  mete;  Lat.metiri;  Gr. 
nerpew ;  Skr.  7rta. 

See  gettngrn. 

(7.  and  9.)  O.  H.  G.  neman,  niman;  Goth. 
niman;  A  -S.  niman. 

Eng.  to  pipe;  from  Lat.  pipare. 

(3.)    0.  H.  G.  plegan;  A.-S.  pleggan;  Eng. 

7>fy;  allied  to  Lat.  plicare ;  Gr.  7rAe'»ceif. 
M.  H.  G.prisen;  Sir. prim;  Dan.  prise;  Fr. 

jyriser;  Sy.preriar;  It.  prezzare ;  Lat.  pre- 

tiare  (from  pretium). 
(2.,  5.,  and  8.)    Allied  to  n>aCen  ;  0.  H.  G. 

wallan;  A.-S.  iveallan;  Eng.  weW. 

(7.)  0.  H.  G.  ratan;  Goth,  rathjan;  A.-S. 
raedan;  Eng.  rcarf,  rerff  (obs). 

0.  II.  G.riban;  A.-S.  reofan;  Eng.  rive,  rub  ; 
allied  to  Gr.  rpifieiv. 

0.  II.  G  rizzan;  A.-S.  writan;  Eng  write; 
allied  to  Pers.  rtze. 

0.  H.  G.  r/tan;  A.-S.  neton;  L.  G.  rw/en; 
Sw.  rata;  Dan.  r/rfe. 

A.-S.  reacan;  allied  to  raitd)f  n ;  0.  H.  G. 
rouchan ;  A.-S.  rram.  reokan  ;  Eng.  «<  &. 


OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


267 


Stfngen,1 
wrestle, 

rang, 
wrestled, 

gerttngen. 
wrestled. 

airmen,1 

rantt, 

geromten. 

run, 

ran, 

run. 

ftufen,4 
call, 

rief, 

called, 

gerufen. 
called. 

©Oljen,4 
salt, 

We, 

salted, 

gefttlgen. 
salted. 

ft  ©ttUfen,6 
drink, 

foff, 

drank, 

gefoffen. 
drunk. 

Sttltgen,6 
suck, 

fog, 

sucked, 

gcfogen. 
sucked. 

<Sd)ttfFen,3 
create, 

fd)Uf, 
created, 

gefdjaffen. 
created. 

<Sd)ttUeti,6 
sound, 

fd)on, 

sounded, 

gefdjoflen. 
sounded. 

©fteiben,5 
separate, 
<Sd)Cinen,5 
appear, 
/6  ©d)Cltcn,1 
scold, 

fd)ieb, 

separated, 

fd)ien, 

appeared, 

fd>art, 

scolded, 

gefd)tcbcn. 
separated. 
gefd)tcncn. 
appeared. 
gcfd)Olten. 
scolded. 

©rteren,6 
shear, 

fd)Or, 
sheared, 

gefd)0rcn. 
shorn. 

<3d)iefon,6 

shove, 

fd}0&, 
shoved, 

gefd)0kn. 
shoved. 

(£due§cn,6 
shoot, 

f#§f, 

shot, 

gcfd)Offcn. 
shot. 

SdHnben,6 

flay, 

©djlafctt,* 

sleep, 

Sd>(ttgen,3 

beat, 

fd)Unb, 
flayed, 
fd)Uef, 

slept, 

fd)ltlg, 
beat, 

gefd)«nben. 

flayed. 

gefd)lttfen. 

slept. 

gefd)lagen. 

beaten. 

sneak, 

fd>ltd), 
sneaked, 

gefd)Udien. 
sneaked. 

Scbletfen,5 
shaipci), 
<3d)tci§en,5 
slit, 

fd)(iff, 
sharpened, 

fttffc 

slit, 

gcfd)Iiffen. 
sharpened. 
gefdlliffcn. 
slit. 

©deepen,6 
shut, 

tow* 

shut, 

gefd)IOffen. 

shut. 

0  H.  G.  ringan;  A.-S.  wringan;  Eng.  ivring. 

0.  H.  G.  rinnan;  Goth,  rinnan;  allied  to 
Gr.  peeiv. 

0.  H.  G.  ruofan;  hreofan;  Goth,  hropjan. 

(17.)    0.  H.  G.  salzan;  Goth,  saltan;  A.-S. 
saltan;  allied  to  Lat.  satire. 

(4.)    0.  H.  G.  sou/an;  Goth,  supan;  A.-S. 
supan,  sypan;  Eng  sup. 

0.  H.  G.  saughan,  sugan;  A.-S.  sucan;  Lat. 

sugere. 

0.  H.  G.  scafan;  Goth,  scapan;  A.-S.  scapan; 
Eng.  shape. 

(1.)    0.  H.  G.  schillan;  allied  to  Gr.  KaAeZv 

(cf.  ©djale,  **«»,  <Sd;e He,  &B). 

0.  H.  G.  skeidan,  sciadan;  Goth,  skaidan; 
A.-S.  scadan,  sceadan  (cf.  Eng.  sheading). 

0.  II.  G.  skinan;  Goth,  skeinan;  A.-S.  set- 
nan;  Eng.  s/une. 

(5.  and  8.)    0.  H.  G.  skeltan;  A.-S.  scyldan; 
L.  G.  schelden;  S\v.  skaella;  Dan.  skielde. 

0.  II.  G.  sciran;  A.-S.  sceran;  Eng.  sAear 
and  s/iare. 

0.  II.  G.  skiuban ;    Goth,  skiuban ;    A.-S. 

sceopan,  scufan. 
0.  H.  G.  sciezzen,  sciozan;   A.-S.  sceotan, 

scotian;  allied  to  Skr.  tskud 
Eng.    s&ttt ;     allied    to    Lat.  ^  scindere    (cf. 

N.  II.  G.  @d)tll,obs.  ;    A.-S.  scm;  Eng. 

skin;  Gr.  o-kcVos). 
(4  )    0.  II.  G.  slafen;  Goth,  slepan;  A.-S. 

slaepan;  allied  to  Lat.  sopire;  Skr.  s^-ap. 

(4.)    0.  H.  G.  slahan;  Goth,  slalian;  A.-S. 
slahan ;  Eng.  s/a^. 

0.  H.  G.  slihhan ;  A.-S.  slincan;  Eng.  aZmfc; 

L.  G.  sliken;  Sw.  slinka. 
(3.)    0.  H  G.  s/i/an  (cf.  ftylfijfen ;  0.  II.  G. 
slippan ;    Goth,  sleupan ;    A.-S.  slipan  ; 

Eng.  sKp). 
0.  H.  G.  slizan,  sleizan;  A.-S.  slitan ;  Eng. 

sKce;  sto. 
0.  II.  G.  sliazan;  allied  to  Lat.  claudere, 

cludere  ;  Gr.  kAciSoui/ ;  Eng.  dose. 


268 


ALPHABETICAL    LIST    OF    VERBS 


©drtingen,1 

fdvfong, 

gefdrtungen. 

sling. 

slung, 

slung. 

©djmetpen,5 

ftyrifc 

gefcfymtffcn. 

fli"g> 

flung, 

flung. 

©djmeljen,6 

fdjmolj, 

gefdunoljen. 

melt, 

melted, 

melted. 

<5d)nttU&en,( 

1  \~dmob, 

gefdwofcen. 

snort, 

snorted, 

snorted. 

©djnetben,5 

fd)ttitt, 

gefdjnttten. 

cut, 

cut, 

cut. 

©rtraitben,6 

fd>rO&, 

gefd)rOfren. 

screw, 

screwed, 

screwed. 

©tfrccfen,1 

fdn-Of, 

gcfd)rOcfen. 

frighten, 

frightened 

.,  frightened. 

©*rciben,5 

fd)riefr, 

gefdmcbcn. 

write, 

wrote, 

written. 

<Sd?reien,5 

fd)rit, 

gefdjrieen. 

cry, 

cried, 

cried. 

<3d)reitcn,5 

frtritt, 

gefdjrtttnt. 

stalk, 

stalked, 

stalked. 

<5d>roten,4 

fd)rotete, 

gefcfyroten. 

bruise, 

bruised, 

bruised. 

(3d)tt)(iren,6 

fdjroor, 

gefd)»Oreit. 

ulcerate, 

ulcerated, 

ulcerated. 

<5d)»eigen,5 

fd)tttCg, 

gcfcr>tt>tcgen. 

be  silent, 

was  silent. 

,   been  silent. 

<Sd)WCtfen,6 

fd)tt0ll, 

gefcfyttoUen. 

swell, 

swelled, 

swelled. 

©dmummen, 

L  fdjroamm, 

gefd)»ommen. 

swim, 

swam, 

swum. 

(Bdjwinben,1 

fdwcinb, 

gefd)ttttnben. 

vanish, 

vanished, 

vanished. 

©cfynnngen,1 

fd)n>ang, 

gefd)n)ttngen. 

swing, 

swang, 

swung. 

<2d)ftbren,6 

fdittOr, 

gefd)tt>Oren. 

swear, 

swore, 

sworn. 

©C^en,2 

M 

gefefyen. 

see, 

saw, 

seen. 

©teben,6 

fott, 

gefotten. 

boil, 

boiled, 

boiled. 

©tngen,1 

fang, 

gefttngen. 

sing, 

sang, 

sung. 

0.  H.  G.  schlingen,  schlengen;  A.-S.  slingan. 


0  II.  G.  smizan  ;  A  -S.  smitan  ;  Eng.  smite. 

(2.,  5.,  and  8.)  0.  ll.G.smelzan;  A.-S.rnel- 
tan,  miltan ;  Eng.  melt,  smelt ;  Gr.  /ue'ASeii'. 

(1.)    M.  H.  G.  snuben;   Eng.  snub  (to  sob 
convulsively)  obs. 

0.  II.  G.  sniden;  Goth,  snejan,  sneythan; 
A.-S.  snidan;  Eng.  snathe  (obs.). 

(1.)    Sw.  skrufa ;  allied  to  French  ecrouer. 

(2. ,  5. ,  and  8. )  O.II.  G.  scricchan,  arscricchan  ; 
A  -S.  scrincan;  Eng.  shrink;  Sw.  skrynka. 

0.  II.  G.  scriban,screiban;  Eng.  scribe ;  from 
Lat.  scribere. 


0.  H.  G.  skreian;  Eng.  screech,  screak,  shriek. 

A.-S.  scrithan,  scridan ;  all.  to  A.-S.  strithan, 
stridan;  Eng.  stride. 

(17. )   0.  EL  G.  scrotan ;  Goth,  skreitan  ;  A.-S. 
screadian ;  Eng.  shred  (obs. ). 

0.  H.  G.  sueran,  seran  ;  A.-S.  sarian,  sargian; 
Eng  sore  (obs.). 

0.  II.  G.  swigan;  A.-S.  sioighan;  allied  to 
Gr.  cnySiv. 

(2.,  5.,  and  8.)  0.  H  G.  swdlan;  A.-S.  swel- 
Ian,  swillan:  L.  G.  swellen,  swillen. 

0.  II.  G.  swimman;  A.-S.  swimman;  L.  G. 
swimmen;  Sw.swunma;  Dan.  swoemme. 

0.  H.  G.  swinan;  A.-S.  divinan;  Eng.  rfu^j'n« 
obs.,  dwindle. 

0.  H.  G.  sivingan;  A.-S.  swingan;  L.  G. 
swingen;  Sw.  svinga;  Dan.  svinge. 

(14.)  0.  II.  G.  swerian;  Goth,  svaran;  A.-S. 
swerian;  allied  to  Lat.  severare. 

(6.  and  9.)    0.  II.  G.  seAan;  Goth,  saihvan; 
seon. 

( 1 . )  0.  II.  G.  siuda?i ;  A.-S.  seodhan,siodhan ; 
Eng.  seetAe ;  allied  to  Gr.  £e'eiy. 

0.  H.  G.  singan;  Goth,  siggvan;  A.-S.  sm- 
g-an;  Sw.  sjnnga;  Dan.  synge. 


OF    THE    OLD    CONJUGATION. 


269 


(Stnfen,1 

fan!, 

gefunfen. 

sink, 

sank, 

sunk. 

(Strnten,1 

farm, 

gefonnem 

muse, 

mused, 

mused. 

©ifcctt,2 

m, 

gefeffen. 

sit, 

sat, 

sat. 

©palten,4 

fpaltete, 

gefptttten. 

split, 

split, 

split. 

(Spcten,5 

fpie, 

gefpieen. 

spit, 

spit, 

spit. 

©pinnen,1 

fpann, 

gefponnen. 

spin, 

span, 

spun. 

©piemen,5 

fotffc 

gefpltffetu 

/    split, 

split, 

split. 

i    (Spredjen,1 

fpmd), 

gefprocfyen. 

speak, 

spoke, 

spoken. 

©prtefkn,6 

[prop, 

gefprOffen. 

sprout, 

sprouted, 

sprouted. 

©pringen,1 

fprang, 

gcfprltngen. 

spring, 

sprang, 

sprung. 

Steven,1 

\m, 

geftodjen. 

sting, 

stung, 

stung. 

©tetfen,1 

ftttf, 

geftocfen. 

stick, 

stuck, 

stuck. 

(Steven,1 

flttnb, 

geftanben. 

stand, 

stood, 

stood. 

(Steven,1 

fm 

gejio()Ien. 

steal, 

stole, 

stolen. 

©teigen,5 

ftfeg, 

gejrtegen. 

ascend, 

ascended, 

ascended. 

©tcrkn,1 

tfttrt), 

gejrorben. 

die, 

died, 

died. 

©tiekn,6 

(to*, 

gefiokn. 

fly  (as  dust), 

flew, 

flown. 

©ttnfen,1 

jlanf, 

geftunfen. 

stink, 

stunk, 

stunk. 

©tO&en,4 

m, 

geflOBen. 

push, 

pushed, 

pushed. 

©treicfyert,5 

ftrirf), 

geftrid)en. 

strike, 

struck, 

struck. 

©treiten,6 

ffrttt, 

gejiritten. 

contend, 

contended, 

,    contended, 

0.  H.  G.  sinchan ;  Goth,  siggqvan  ;  A.-S.  sin~ 
can;  Sw.  sjunka;  Dan.  synke. 

0.  H.  G.  sinnan;  Goth,  sinthan. 

0..H.  G.  sizan;  Goth,  sithan;  A.-S.  sittan; 
allied  to  Lat.  sedere  ;  Gr.  e£eada ;  Skr.  sad. 

(17.)    0.  H.  G.  spaltan;  Eng.  spelt  (obs.). 

0.  H.  G.  spian,  spiwan;  Goth,  speivan,  spe* 
van;  A.-S.  spiwan;  Eng. spew;  Lat.  spu- 
ere ;  Gr.  aneiew . 

0.  H.  G.  spinnan;  Goth,  spinnan;  A.-S. 
spinnan;  allied  to  Gr.  o-Trai'. 

0.  IL  G.  splizan;  Eng.  spftcc,  ip&;    Gr. 

(5.  and  8.)  0.  II.  G.  sprehhan ;  A.-S.  spreo- 
can,  sprecan,  specan  ;  Sw.  spraka,. 

0.  H.  G.  spriozan  ;  A.-S.  spryttan,Spreotan; 
Eng.  Jgft-d  obs. ,  sprout. 

0.  II.  G.  springan ;  A.-S.  springan,  sprincan  ; 

allied  to  Gr.   >pi>e<.i\ 
(5.  and  8.)  0.  II.  G.  stechan,  stingan;  Goth. 

stigqvan;  A.-S.  stingan;  Lat.  stigare;  Gr. 

(1.,  7.,  and  9.)  0.  H.  G.  stecchan;  A.-S.  s*e« 
can,stician;  L.-G.  steken ;  Dan.  stikke. 

0.  II.  G.  standan ;  Goth,  standan ;  A.-S.  stan- 
rfan,  standan. 

(6.  and  8.)  0.  H.  G.  s«efan;  Goth,  st&ay,' 
A.-S.  stelan;  staelan. 

0.  II.  G.  stigan ;  Goth,  steigan ;  A.-S.  stigan; 

Eng.  sty  (obs.) ;  allied  to  Gr.  orei'xeii'. 
(5-,  8., and  16.)  0.  II.  G.sterban;  A.-S.steor- 

Jian  ;  ctearfian  ;  Eng.  starve. 

0.  H.  G.  stovban. 

0.  H.  G.  stinchan;  A.-S.  stincan;  Sw.  stinka ; 
Dan.  stinke. 

(4.)  0.  H.  G.  stozan;  Goth,  stautan;  Eng. 
Joss  ;  allied  to  Lat.  tudere,  tundere. 

A.-S.  strican;  Sw.  stryka;  Dan.  stryge. 

0.  H.  G-  stritan;  Sw.  strida;  allied  to  Gr. 
tTTpareveif. 


270       ALPHABETICAL    LIST    OF    VERES    OF    THE    OLD 


CONJUGATION. 


I 


£vttgen,3 

bear, 

Srtffcn,1 

hit, 

Sfetfren,6 

drive, 

Sreten,2 

tread, 

Jtfefcft,6 

trickle, 

Srtnfen,1 

drink, 

Sritgcn,6 

deceive, 
!  Sfcrberfrcn,1 

perish, 

2*erbric§en,fi 

offend, 

3.krgC|Ten,2 

forget, 

IBerltCren,6 

lose, 
u  SSttrtfcn,3 

grow, 

SSiigen, 

weigh, 

2Bttfd)en, 

wash, 

SBeben, 

weave, 

yield, 

SBtegen, 

weigh, 

SBeifen, 

show, 

SBCrben, 

sue  for, 

SBerben, 

become, 

SBCrfctt, 

throw, 


trltg, 
bore, 
trtf, 
hit, 

tritb, 
drove, 

trtt, 

trod, 

trOff, 

trickled, 

trttnf, 

drank, 

trig, 

deceived, 

*cerbOrb, 

perished, 

&crbrop, 

oifended, 

ttergttp, 

forgot, 

verlor, 

lost, 

nmcH 

grew, 

tt>0g, 

weighed, 

tottfty, 

washed, 

tt>0b, 

wove, 

rotdj, 

yielded, 

weighed, 

tines, 

showed, 

ttttrfr, 

sued  for, 

trtttrb, 

became, 

ttllrf, 

threw, 


gctrtgou 

borne. 

gerroffen. 

hit. 

getriekn. 

driven. 

gerrcten. 

trodden. 

getroffcn. 

trickled. 

gctrltnfen. 

drunk. 

getrOg;n. 

deceived. 

tterborben. 

perished. 

tterbroffen. 

offended. 

uergcffcn. 

forgotten. 

ttcrloren. 

lost. 

geroodjfen. 

grown. 

geroO^en. 

weighed. 

ge»cfd)fit. 

washed. 

gett)0(>en. 

woven. 

get»td)cn. 

yielded. 

g&toogen. 

weighed. 

getutefen. 

showed. 

gen>orben. 

sued  for. 

getr-Ovbcn. 

become. 

geroorfen. 

thrown. 


(4.)  Goth,  dragan ;  A.-S.  dragan ;  Eng.  drag; 
Sw.  draga;  Dan.  drage. 

(5.  and  8.)    0.  H.  G.  treffan. 

0.  H.  G.  triban;  Goth,  dreiban;  A.-S.  dri- 
fan;  Sw.  drifva;  Dan.  drive. 

(7.  and  9. )    0.  H.  G.  trettan ;  Goth,  trudan ; 
A.-S.  tredan  ;  Sw.  trada;  Dan.  traede. 

(1.)    0.  H.  G.  triu/an;  A.-S.  dripan ;  dry- 
pan  ;  Eng.  drip,  drop. 

0.  H.  G.  drincan,  trinchan;  Goth,  drigkan; 
A-S.  drincan. 

0.  H.  G.  triegan,  triokan;  A.-S.  dreogan. 
(2.,  5.,  8.,  and  16.) 


0.  H.  G.firlhriezan;  Goth,  usthriuzan. 

(5.,  7., and 9.)    A.-S.forgetan,forgila7i;  Sw. 
forgata;  Dan.  forgiette. 

0.  H.  G.  farliusan;  Goth,  fraliusan ;  A.-S. 

forleasan;  from  Goth,  luisan;  Eng.  lose. 
(4.)  0.  II.  G.  huahsan;  Goth,  wahsjan;  A.-S. 

weaxan ;  Eng.  wax;  allied  to  Lat.  aitgeri; 

Gr.  av£etv. 
(1.)    0.  H.  G.  wegan;  A.-S.  wegan;  allied 

to  Lat.  vehere ;  Skr.  mA. 

(4.)  0.  II.  G.  wascan;  A.-S.  wascan ;  L.  G. 

wasksn;  Sw.  vaska;  Dan.  vasge. 
(1.)    0    II.  G.  iveban;  Goth,  veiban;  A.-S. 
tw/«n ;  allied  to  Gr.  v(J>cuVe«' ;  Pers.  ia/- 
ta?x;  Skr.  w?ap. 
}(3.)    0.  H.  G.  weichan;  A.-S.  wean;  Sw. 
|     vega;  Dan.  rege. 

(3.)    Seeir.iV"' 

0.  H.  G.  wisan;  A.-S.  whan. 

(5.,  8.,  and  16.)    0.  H.  G.  hwerban;   Goth. 
quairban. 

(7.,  9.,  and  15.)    0.  II.  G.  werdan;  Goth. 
wairthan. 

(5.,  8.,  and  16.)    0.  II.  G.  werfan;    Goth. 
vairpan;  A.-S.  xoerpon;  Eng.  warp. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


271 


SBtnben, 
wind, 

rconb, 
wound, 

gettlinben. 
wound. 

3et&en, 

accuse, 

accused, 

ge$te§en. 
accused. 

i3ie()en, 
draw, 

drew, 

gejdgen. 
drawn. 

compell, 

8»ang, 
compelled, 

ge$tt>ungen. 
compelled 

0.  H.  G.  wintan;  Goth,  vindan;  A.-S.  win- 
dan;  Sw.  vinda;  Dan.  vinde. 

[  O.  H.  G.  zihan;  Goth,  tcilian. 

0.  H.  G.  zitthnn  ;  Goth,  tiuhan  ;  A.-S.  teohan, 
teon ;  Eng.  J  wg-. 

O.  H.  G.  dwingan;  A.-S.  dwingan;  Eng. 
twang,  twinge;  Sw.  tvinga;  Dan.  tvinge. 


CLASSIFIED  LIST  OF  NOUNS. 


1.  £te  Sett.    Time. 


Masculine. 

Bettabfcfynttt,  -eSf  pi.  -e,  period,  epoch. 
$?onat,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  month,    t  =  th. 
Stag,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  day.    t  =  d  ;  g  =  y. 
ftetertag,  -ti,  pi.  -e,  holiday. 
2Berftctg,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  work-day.    e  =  o. 
2Dod)entag,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  week-day. 
9J?crgen,  -e,  pi.  -  morning. 
5l6enb^  -$,  pi.  -e,  evening,    a  =  e. 
Sormtttag,  -3,  pi.  -e,  forenoon. 
fWtttag,  -^,  pi.  -e,  midday,    t  =  d. 
^a^mittag,  -3,  pi.  -e,  afternoon. 

Feminine. 

(Erotgfeit,  -,  pi.  -en,  eternity. 
Beit,- pi. -en,  time  (tide.   j=t;  t  =  d). 
iJeiteuttfyeUung,  -  pi.  -en,  division  of 
time. 

*»>8.-.r>'--eM  chronology. 
Grronologte',  -,  pi.  -n,  ) 
(£po'd)c,  -,  pi.  -n,  epoch. 
$erio'be,  -  pi.  -n,  period. 
23ergan'genf)ett,  -  past, 
©egenwart,  -,  present. 


3ufunft,  -,  future. 
<Stunbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  hour. 
5ttmu'te,  -,  i>l.  -n,  minute. 
©efun'be,  -  pi.  -n,  second. 
fRatfjt,  -,  pi.  m%tt.  night.    d)  =  gh. 
3Kttternad)t,  -  pi.  -nad)te,  midnight. 
2Bod)e,  -,  pi.  -nr  week.   o=ee;  d)  =  k. 
3af>re$gett,  -,  pi.  -en,  season  of  the 
year  (L.  23). 

Neuter. 

£)atum,  -$,  pi.  Doten  (or  £ata),  date. 
3ettalter,  -$,  pi.  -,  age. 
Slttertljum,  -3,  pi.  -U)itmer,  antiquity. 
^afntau'fenb,  -3,  pl.-e,  thousand  years. 
Saijrfjun'bert,  -$,  pi.  -e,  century. " 
3af>r$e'ljent,  -3,  pi.  -e,  decade  of  years, 

decennium. 
3af)r,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  year.    j=y  ;  a=ea. 
@d)altjafjr,  -eS,  pi.  -e,  leap-year. 
£aUtjaf)r,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  half  year.    &  =  f. 
©emef'ter,  -3,  pi.  -,  semester. 
23terteljaljr,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  quarter  of  a 

year. 


272 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


2.  $er  2Renfdj.    Man. 


consort. 


Natural  Gender. 

SKann,  -ed,  pi.  Conner,  man. 

grau,  -  pi.  -en,  woman. 

Sungling,  -3,  pi.  -e,  young  man. 

3ungfrau,  -  pi.  -en,  virgin. 

Mnabc,  -n,  pi.  -n,  boy. 

(Efycmann,  -ed,  pi.  -manner,  husband, 

(Sfjefrau,  -  pi.  -en,  wife. 

©arte,  -n,  pi.  -n,  masc. 

©attin,  -,  pi.  -nen,/cw. 

©emafcl',  -?,  pi.  -e,  masc. 

©ematj'lin,  -,  pi.  -nen, /era 

33rautigam,  -3,  pi.  -e,  bridegroom. 

23raut,  -,  pi.  23rdute,  bride,    au  =  i. 

2Btttroer,  -3,  pi.  -,  widower,    it  =  d. 

2Bitrn>e,  -,  pi.  -n,  widow,    tt  =  d. 

S3ater,  -S,  pi.  2}ater,  father,    t  =  th. 

flutter, -,  pl.  Gutter,  mother.   tt=th. 

<5ot>n,  -i,  pi.  <S6£ne,  son. 

Sodjtcr,  -,  pi.  Softer,  daughter.  t=  d. 

33ruber,  -i,  pi.  SBriiber,  brother. 

©cfyroeftcr,  -,  pi.  -n,  sister. 

<Stief»atcr,  -3,  pi  -i>ater,  step-father. 

©tiefmutter,-,  pi.  -mutter,  step-mother. 

©tieffefm,  -3,  pi.  -folme,  step-son. 

<Stieftod)ter,  -,  pl.-tod)ter,  step-daughter. 

<5ticfbrubcr,  -3,  pi.  -fcriiber,  step- 
brother. 

©tieffdjroefter,  -,  pi.  -n,  step-sister. 

©neater,  -3,  pi.  -»dter,  grandfather. 

©roHtnutter,  -,  pl.  -mutter,  grand- 
mother. 

(Snfel,  -3,  pl.  -,  grandson. 

(Snfelin,  -,  pl.  -nen,  granddaughter. 

ttrgro&sater,  -3,  pl.  -ttdter,  great-grand- 
father. 

Urgrojjmutter,  -,  pl.  -mutter,  great- 
grandmother. 

Urenfel,  -,  pl.  -,  great-grandson. 


Urcnfeltn,    -,    pl.   -nen,    great-grand- 
daughter. 

<3d)Hneger»atcr,  -3,  pl.  -udter,  father- 
in-law. 

(Scfynnegermutter,  -,  pl.  -mutter,  mother- 
in-law. 

<3d)roiegerfolm,  -3,  pl.  -f5f)ne,  sou -in- 
law. 

<3d)rotegertod)ter,  -,  pl.  -titter,  daugh- 
ter-in-law. 

<5d)roager,  -3,  pl.  (Sd)tt)dger,  brother- 
in-law. 

(Scfyrodgertn,  -,  pl.  -nen,  sister-in-law. 

3>flcge»atcr,  -3,  pl.  -»dter,  foster-father. 

3)flegemutter,    -,    pl.    -mutter,    foster- 
mother. 

Wegefotm,  -  pl.  -folme,  foster-son. 

3>flegetod)ter,    -     pL    -t^ter,    foster- 
daughter. 

D&etm,  -3,  pl.  -e,  (or  DnfeT,  -?,  pl.  -), 
uncle. 

£ante,  -,  pl.  ■•»  (or  2J?uI)me,  -  pl.  -n), 
aunt. 

Setter,  -3,  pl.  -,  masc.  ~\ 

Goufi'ne,  -,  pl.  -n  (or  Safe,  -  \  cousin, 
pl.  -n),fem.  J 

3?erre,  -n,  pl.  -n,  nephew. 

9?td)te,  -,  pl.  -n,  niece. 

Watty,  -n,  pl.  -n,  godfather. 

tyafyt,  -n,  pl.  -n,  godmother. 

£err,  -n,  pl.  -en,  gentleman. 

Same,  -,  pl.  -n,  lady  (dame). 

greunb,  -e3,  pl.  -e,  masc.   )  f ,.     , 

^reunbin,  -,  pl.  -wen,  f em.  ) 

V«War,-l,vl-n,masc.   V.         r< 

9?ad>barm,  -,  pl.  -nen,  fern. ) 

©reiS,  -en,  pl.  -e,  old  man. 

©retftn,  -,  pl.  -nen,  old  woman. 

%mmef  -,  pl.  -en,  nurse. 


CLASSIFI2D    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


273 


Masculine. 

Bttriflmg,  -3,  pi.  -e,  twin. 

Sob,  ~e$,  pi.  -e,  death.    t=d ;  b^th. 

Feminine, 

Skrlo'bung,  -  pi.  -en,  betrothal. 
(£fje,  ->  pi.  -n,  marriage, 
©eburt',  -,  pi.  -en,  birth,    ge  =  — . 
gamt'lie,  -,  pi.  -n,  family, 
tfinbfyett,  -,  childhood.    ei  =  oo;  t  =  d. 
3ugenb,-,  youth.  j  =  y;  u  =  ou;  b  =  th. 
Sftinberjabrigfeit,  -,  minority. 
SBoUjabjigfeit,  -,  majority. 
SSerroanbt'fcbyaft,  -,  pi.  -en,  relationship. 
SBaife,  -,  pi.  -n,  orphan. 


Neuter. 

Sllter,  -3,  pi.  -,  age. 
Itinb,  -e$,  pi.  -er,  child. 
SJMbcfyen,  -<3,  pi.  -,  girl. 
ftraulein,  -3,  pi.  -,  young  lady. 
$rauenghnmer,  -3,  pi.  -,  woman. 
2£etb,  -eS,  pi.  -er,  woman,  wife, 
©reifenalter,  -S,  old  age. 

Plural. 

(Sljeleure,  -,  married  people. 
SBorfafiren,  -  ancestors. 
©Item,  -,  parents. 
Sftacfyfommen,  -,  descendants. 


3.  $er  menfdiUdje  $iirjjer.    The  Human  Body. 


Masculine. 
$cpf,  -e$,  pi.  $bpfe,  head. 
(Sd)abel,  -3,  pi.  -,  skull. 
<Sd)taf,  -e3,  pi.  <Sd)lafen,  temple. 
9tugapfel,  -3,  pi.  -apfel,  eyeball,  pupil. 
Sftunb,  -e3,  pi.  SRiinber,  mouth,    b  =  th. 
3abn,  -e3,  pi.  Bdfyne,  tooth. 
SBacfengabn,   -3,   pi.    -iafyne,   double- 
tooth, 
©aumen,  -§,  pi.  -,  palate. 
33acfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  cheek. 
33art,  -e3,  pi.  S3arte,  beard,    a  =  ea. 
Sadtnbart,  -e3,  pi.  -parte,  whiskers. 
©dmurrbart,  -e3,  pi.  -barte,  mustache. 
©efirf)t$',|ug,  -e$,  pi.  -jitge,  feature. 
$M,  -e£,  pi.  £alfe,  neck. 
9?acfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  nape  (neck,    a  =  e). 
^iicfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  back. 
5tnod)en,  -,  pi.  -  bone. 
ftucfgrar,  -eS,  pi.  -e,  spine. 
9?er»,  -3,  pi.  -en,  nerve. 
33ufen,  -3,  pi.  -  bosom.  u=o;  n=m. 
SWagen,  -3,  pi.  -,  stomach. 
Jlorper,  -3,  pi.  -,  body. 
18 


3trm,  -8,  pi.  -e,  arm. 

(Stlbogen,  -3,  pi.  -,  elbow,    g  =  — -. 

finger,  -3,  pi.  -,  finger. 

Daumen,  -3,  pi.  -,  thumb,    b  =  th. 

9?agel,  -3,  pi.  SRagel,  nail,    g  =  i. 

Scfyenfel,  -3,  pi.  -,  thigh. 

<3d)oo§,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  lap. 

^nbcfyel,  -3,  pi.  -,  ankle  (knuckle). 

$u§,  -e3,  pi.  Siijje,  foot,    u  =  0o. 

Feminine. 

3rugenbrane,-,pl.-n,  )       w 
Slugenbraune,  -,  pi.  -n, ) 
Slugenrotmper,  -,  pi.  -n,  eyelash. 
<3tirn,  -,  i)l.  -en,  forehead. 
<Sd)ldfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  temple. 
9tafe,  -,  pi.  -n,  nose,    a  =  o. 
SBange,  -,  pi.  -n,  cheek. 
Stppe,  -,  pi.  -n,  lip. 
Dbertippe,  -,  pi.  -n,  upper  lip. 
ttnterlippe,  -,  pi.  -n,  lower  lip. 
3unge,  -,  pi.  -n,  tongue.    j=t;  n  = 
itefyle,  -,  pi.  -n,  throat. 


274 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OP    NOUNS. 


©gutter,  -,  pi.  -n,  shoulder.    u  =  ou. 

Srujr,  -,  pi.  ©ruffe,  breast,    u  =  ea. 

£anb,  -,  pi.  £anbe,  hand. 

gaufl,  -,  pi.  gfiufle,  fist.  •  au  =  i. 

©cite,  -,  pi.  -n,  side,    ei  =  i ;  t  =  d. 

$tppe,  -  pi.  -n,  rib.    pp  =  b. 

£itfte,  -,  pi.  -n,  hip.    f  =  p. 

SBabe,  ■>  pi.  -n,  calf. 

$erfe,  -  pi.  -n,  heel. 

3efce,  -,  pi.  -n,  toe.    j  =  t. 

$aut,  -,  pi.  £aute,  skin. 

SKudfcl,  -  pi.  -n,  muscle. 

Slber,  -,  pi.  -it,  vein. 

©djlagaber,  -  pi.  -n,  artery. 

Sunge,  -,  pi.  -n,  lungs. 

Sefcr,  -,  pi.  -n,  liver,    e  =  i ;  fc  =  v. 

©atte,  -,  gall. 

Sfttlj,  -,  pi.  -e,  milt,  spleen.    g  =  t. 

Neuter. 

£aupt,  -ea,  pi.  £dupter,  head.  cw  =  ea. 


©eJurn',  -ea,  pi.  -e,  brain. 
£aar,  -ea,  pi.  -e,  hair,    aa  =  ai. 
Sluge,  -a,  pi.  -n,  eye.    p.  27. 
Sfagenlfeb,  -c«,  pi.  -er,  eyelid, 
©eftcfrt',  -ea,  pi.  -er,  sight,  face. 
Df)r,  -ea,  pi.  -en,  ear.    o  =  ea. 
Dfyrlappdjen,  -a,  pi.  -,  lobe  of  the  ear. 
®(teb,  -ea,  pi.  -er,  limb,  member. 
33etn,  -ea,  pi.  -e,  leg  (bone,    ei  =  o). 
Jlnte,  -a,  pi.  -,  knee,    te  =  ee. 
©elenf',  -ea,  pi.  -e,  joint. 
Wtaxt,  -a,  marrow. 
©ertp'pe,  -a,  pi.  -,  skeleton, 
gletfd),  -ea,  flesh,    ei  =  e  ;  fdj  =  sh. 
Slut,  -ea,  blood,    u  =  oo  ;  t  =  d. 
£er$,  -ena,  pi.  -en,  heart,    e  =  ea. 
3a^nfletfd),  -a,  gum. 


Plural. 


9?teren,  -,  loins. 


4.  ittanfljeitett  unfc  geifottttel.    Maladies  and  Remedies. 


Masculine. 

£ujlen,  -a,  cough. 

(Sdjnupfen,  -a,  cold  (snuff,    fd)  =  s). 

©djnnnbel,  -a,  dizziness. 

Sfofafl,  -a,  pi.  -falTe,  fit. 

$rampf,  -ea,  pi.  $rdmpfe,  cramp. 

2Bafjnfinn,  -a,  insanity. 

2>.)pinta,  -,  typhus  fever. 

SBrudj,  -a,  pi.  23riidje,  rupture. 

Salfam,  -a,  balm. 

Srcmnttoein,  -a,  pi.  -e,  brandy. 

^ampfer,  -a,  camphor. 

Feminine. 

•£>etferfett,  -,  hoarseness,    ei  —  oa. 

STuaaefjrung,  -,  )  . . 

9         B'    '   >  con  sumption. 
@$ttwtbfu$t,-,) 


ttnp&fHdjfett,  -,  pi.  -en,  indisposition. 

tteklfett,  -,  pi.  -en,  nausea. 

Stolit,  -,  colic. 

©eefrcmf&ett,  -,  sea-sickness,    ee  =  ea. 

Cholera,  -,  cholera. 

S31inbl)eit,  -,  blindness. 

£auM)eit,  -,  deafness.    t  =  d;cut  =  ea. 

©iumm&eit,  -,  dumbness. 

ftrofifceule,  -,  pi.  -n,  chilblain. 

©efcfyttulfr,  -,  pi.  -e,  swelling. 

@td)t,  -,  gout. 

©erren'fung,  -,  pi.  -en,  dislocation. 

Duetfd)ung,  -,  pi.  -en,  contusion. 

2Bunbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  wound,    it  =  on. 

Sntsitn'bung,  -,  pi.  -en,  inflammation. 

9?ctrBe,  -,  pi.  -n,  scar. 

$rctnf  fyeit,  -,  pi.  -en,  malady,  sickness. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


275 


OkmutfjS'franfktt,-,  pi. -en,  melancholy. 

Dfjmnad)t,  -,  pi.  -en,  fainting. 

3attenbe<3ud)t,-,)     n 

SpUepfie', -,         S  l     *  J 

28a(ferfnd)t,  -,  dropsy. 

|>unb£tt)utfj,  -,  hydrophobia. 

STrgnei',  -,  pi.  -en,  medicine. 

$itfe,  -,  pi.  -en,  pill. 

©alfee,  -,  pi.  -n,  salve.    I>  =  v. 

©efunb'Ijeit,  -,  health. 

£>etlung,  -,  pi.  -en,  cure  (healing). 

Neuter. 

giekr,  -$,  pi.  -/  fever,  te  =  e  ;  h  =  v. 
S^agenfteber,  -$,  gastric  fever. 
9cemnftei>er,  -3,  nervous  fever. 
©cfyarladjftefter,  -3,  scarlet  fever. 
2Bed)felfteber,  -$,  ague  and  fever. 


^opfrcefv  -$,  headache  (2Be$,  woe). 
3afyntt)efy,  -$,  toothache. 
Dl)rentt)e|j,  ~$t  ear-ache,    o  =  ea. 
#eim»e$,  -$/  homesickness,    ei  =  o. 
<5tf)telen,  -$,  squinting. 
©tottern,  -3,  stutter,    o  =  u. 
©efdjtofir',  -$#  pi.  -e,  ulcer. 
53red)mtttel,  -8,  pi.  -,  emetic. 
$ul»er,  -*,  pi.  -,  powder. 
£)ampffcab,  -e$,  pl.-Mber,  vapor-bath. 
spfeffermms'waffer,     -3,    peppermint- 
water. 

Plural. 

20?afern,  -,  measles. 
»ter"'-'jsmall-pox. 


5.  Sjietfcn  unto  ©ctrattfe.    Food  and  Drink. 


Masculine. 

SBraten,  -3,  pi.  ->  roast  meat. 

8ttnb3fa-aten,  -*,  pi.  -,  roast  beef. 

<£d)tnfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  ham. 

(Sped,  -e3,  bacon. 

Rummer,  -3,  pi.  -/  lobster. 

©otter,  -S,  pi.  ->  yolk. 

Gterfudjen,  -3/  pi.  -/  omelet. 

(Srbapfet,  -3,  pi.  -dpfet,  potato. 

Slumenfofl,  -3,  pi.  -e»  cauliflower. 

M)l,  -4,  pi.  -e,  cabbage. 

fWeerretttg,  -3,  pi.  -e,  horse-radish. 

SPeterjtlie,  -n,  pi.  -n,  parsley. 

8tet%  -«,  pi.  -e,  radish.  e  =  a  ;  tt  =  d. 

©etterif,  -*,  pi.  -*,  celery. 

(Spargcl,  -$,  pi.  -/  asparagus. 

(Spinal',  -ft,  pi.  -e,  spinage. 

(Sffta,,  -$,  vinegar. 

g>feffer,  -3,  pi.  -,  pepper,    pf  =  p. 

ftdfe,  -a,  pi.  -i  cheese.    f=ch  ;  d  =  ee. 


Seta,,  -&  dough.  t=d;  ei  =  ou;  g=gh. 

$ud)en,  -3,  pi.  -,  cake,  f  =  c  ;  U  =  i. 

Stnfcifj,  -C*,  pi.  -t#  lunch. 

Slcfym,  -4,  cream. 

Jtaffce,  -3,  coffee. 

£fyee,  -3,  tea. 

2Bein,  -3,  pi.  -e,  wine,    ei  =  i. 

23rannttt>ein,  -3,  pi.  -e,  brandy,  spirits. 

Feminine. 

$Ietfd)fcritl)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  broth. 
<3uppe,  -,  pi.  -n,  soup,    u  =  ou. 
SBurfl,  -,  pi.  2Bitrfte,  sausage. 
©arbel'Ie,  -,  pi.  -n,  sardine, 
©ofttte,  -/  pi.  -n,  bean.    0  =  ea. 
«Rotk  fftubt,  -,  pi.  -It*  (red)  beet. 
@elfee  3tufce,  -,  pi.  -n,  (yellow)  carrot. 
2Bei§e  »e,  -#  pi.  -tt»  (white)  turnip. 
©urfe,  -,  pi.  -H»  cucumber, 
tfartoffet,  -,  pi.  -n,  potato. 


276 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


SrujfeT,  -,  pi.  -n,  truffle. 

Qxoiebtl,  -,  pi.  -n,  onion. 

©emrnel,  -$  pi.  -n,  roll. 

9>a)lc'tf,  -•  pi.  -n,  pastry. 

£prte,  -,  pi.  -n,  tart. 

Sutter,  -,  butter. 

33:tttermtld),  -,  buttermilk.    dj  =  k. 

2)icfe  (faure)  SKildj,  -#  sour  milk. 

(Saijne,  -#  cream  (see  9fcaljm). 

^efr,  -  pi.  -it,  yeast. 

Grfri'ubuni>/  -,  pi.  -en,  refreshment. 

SOTatjljeit,  -,  pi.  -em  meal  (time). 

SWtldV  -,  milk,    d)  =  k. 

Sljofola'be,  -,  pi.  -en*  chocolate. 

Cimona'bf,  -,  pi.  -tt,  lemonade. 

Neuter. 

gleifd\  -e$«  meat  (flesh,    et  =  e). 
$aud)fletfd),  -i$>,  smoked  meat  (Dtaud), 

reek), 
spofelfleifd),  *A,  salted  meat. 
9?inbfleifc&,  -z§,  beef, 
flal&fleifrt ,  -e£,  veal. 
^ammclfleifiv  -e<?,  mutton. 
©dnivinefleifd),  -ii,  pork, 
©eflii'ijel,  -§,  pi.  -,  poultry. 


Sett,  -es?,  pi.  -c,  fat.    e  =  a. 
(£i,  -e?,  pi.  -er,  egg. 
(Eifcttjj,  -t&,  white  of  an  egg. 
(SJemit'fe,  -$,  pi.  -,  vegetables. 
9tabied'<§ett,  -v,  {4.  -  radish, 
©aucrfraut,  -ti,  sourkrout.    an  =  ou. 
Del,  -«?,  pi.  -:,  oil.    i>  =  oi. 
(Salg,  -**>  pi.  -*#  salt,    g  =  t. 
23rob,  -e«,  pi.  -e,  bread. 
33uttcrfcrob,  -c3,  pl.-e,  bread  and  butter. 
9fltld)brob,  -e$,  pi.  -C#  French  bread, 
©cfywarjbrob,  -c$,  pi.  -?,  brown  bread. 
SBeijj&rob,  -C$J  pi.  -**  wheat  bread. 
9lpfclntu|l,  -c3,  pi  -e,  apple-sauce. 
©atfrotrf,  -3,  confectionery. 
Gonfcft',  -eo,  sAveet-meats. 
©ertcr)t,  -e£,  pi  -e,  dish  of  food. 
$rii()ftutf,  -i,  pi.  -c,  breakfast. 
SWittacjcfien,  -t,  pi.  -#  dinner. 
Slbenbbrob, -?*,  pi.  -?,) 
Slbenbcffcn,  -?,  pi.  -#    5 
ScjlclTen,  -?,  pi  -v  Uanquet. 

©affona$I,  -?,  pi.  -mabtcr,) 
SBoffcr,  -J#  pi.  -/  water,    ff  =  t. 
SWinerctlroaffcr,  -?,  pi.-/  mineral  water. 
SBtcr,  -?/  pi.  -:>  beer,    ie  =  ee. 


supper. 


6.  *HeUmn0  imb  Soiletteoegenfiantie.    Clothing  and  Toilet- 
Articles. 


Masculine. 

9ltlaji/  -e3/  pi.  -e,  satin. 
Sajfet/  -3,  pi.  -e/  taffeta. 
Sammet,  -3,  pi.  -fr  velvet. 
23.nvbent,  -5,  pi.  -C/  dimity. 
Sattft'/  -ti,  pi.  -e,  cambric. 
&attmr%  -3,  pi.  -e,  calico. 
$Ior,  -e£,  pi.  -e,  crape. 
SKuJTclin'/  -?/  pi.  -f/  muslin. 
23efa£',  -f8»  pi.  -e,  trimming. 
Siocc/  -3,  pi.  9J5cfC/  coat. 


fvratf,  -3/  pi.  $rcid'e,  dress-coat. 
(Sd)Iafrccf,  -3,  pl.-rode,  dressing-gown. 
UefceiTOcf,  -3,  pi.  -rode,  overcoat. 
Slermel,  -?,  pi.  -,  sleeve. 
5traa,en,  -*#  pi.  -/  collar, 
©urtel,  -3/  pi.  -/  sash  (girdle,    fl  =  i). 
|>ofentrager,  -3/  pi.  -/  suspenders, 
©trumpf,  -£*»  pi.  ©triimpfe,  stocking. 
@.i)u(v  -?,  pi.  ©dutlje,  shoe,    fd)  =  sh. 
9)antoffef,  -i,  pi.  ->  slipper, 
©ttefel,  -3/  pi.  -/  boot. 
&ut,  -e$,  pi.  £ute,  hat.    u  =  a. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


277 


<Sd)Teter,  -4,  pi.  -,  veil. 
2Jhiff,  -ed,  pi.  Sfluffe,  muff. 
SRegenfdjirm,  -e3,  pi.  -:,  umbrella. 
(S;mnenfd)inn,  -c##  pi.  -e,  parasol. 
<Sd)mucf,-es3,  pi.  -e,  jewelry,  ornament. 
Sbelftctn,  -?,  pi.  -e,  jewel. 
SMamant',  -en,  pi.  -en,  diamond. 
(Smaragb'/  -t3,  pi.  -e,  emerald. 
Sftubtn',  -$,  pi.  -e,  ruby, 
©ranaf,  -en,  pi.  -en,  garnet. 
Sfttng,  -eS,  pi.  -e,  ring. 
3W  cmfdjet'tenfnopf,  -«J,  pi.  -f  nopfe,  sleeve- 
button. 
£egen,  -3,  pi  -,  sword,  dagger, 
©porn,  -e3,  pi.  -en  (or  ©poren),  spur. 
©ttefelfned)t,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  boot-jack.  . 
©elbbeutel,  -3,  pi.  -#  purse. 
jfttmm,  -e£,  pi.  Kamme,  comb,    a  =  o. 
Bafynftocfyer,  -$,  pi.  -,  toothpick. 

Feminine. 

©cibe,  -,  pi.  -n,  silk. 
Seinttcmb,  -,  pi.  -:,  linen. 
33aumr»otIe,  -,  pi.  -n,  cotton, 
gronfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  fringe. 
$appe,  -,  pi.  -£] 
Wttyt,  -/  pi.  -n,  fcap. 
■£>aube,  -,  pi.  -nj 
2Bcjlc,  -,  pi.  -n,  vest. 
©ccfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  sock. 
Xafdje,  -,  pi.  -n,  pocket. 
<Sd)ur$e,  -,  pi.  -n,  apron. 
£>at£tunbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  cravat 
9)ianfd}ct'te,  -,  pi.  -n,  cuff. 


23riIIe,  -,  pi.  -n,  spectacles. 
S3itfennabel,  -,  pi.  -a,  breastpin. 
$PerIe,  -,  pi.  -n,  pearl,    e  =  a. 
<3d)itafle,  -,  pi.  -n,  buckle. 
23urfte,  -,  pi.  -3*  brush,    ur  =  ru. 
©tecfnabef,  -,  pi.  -n,  pin. 
£actrnabc(,  -,  pi.  -V,  hairpin. 
9idtmabe[,  -,  pi.  -n,  needle,    a  =  ee. 
©djere,  -,  pi.  -n,  scissors,  shears. 
SG3id)fe,  -,  pi.  -n,  blacking. 
$Poma'be,  -,  pi  -n,  pomatum, 
©eife,  ->  pi.  -n,  soap,    ei  =•  oa ;  f  =  p. 


Neuter. 


Sa4»'H$«  pi.  Slider,) 
Stuo,  -eS,  pi.  -e,      5 


cloth. 


9M,$rocrf,  -4,  peltry.  •  g  =  t. 
gutter,  -$,  pi.  -,  lining. 
$tetb,  -if,  pi.  -er,  dress,  cloth.  et=o). 
Semflcib,  -cS,  pi.  -er,  pantaloons. 
Sorfctt',  -c##  pi.  -e,  corset. 
£emb,  -f*f  pi.  -en,  shirt. 
£afd)cntud),  -e$,  pi.  -tiller,  handker- 
chief. 
©trumpfbanb,  -e3,  pi.  -bcinber,  garter. 
©efd)meibe,  -3,  pi.  -,  jewelry. 
Slrmbanb,  -c$,  pi.  -bdnber,  bracelet. 
£at3bcmb,  -e$#  pi.  -banber,  necklace. 

Plural. 

©ptjjen,  -,  laces. 
£>ofen,  -,  pantaloons. 
Unterbofen,  -,  drawers. 
$ama'fd)en,  -,  gaiters. 


7.  $ag  §auS.    The  House. 


Masculine. 

teller,  -4,  pi.  -,  cellar, 
©cbornftein,  -3,  pi.  -e,  chimney. 
Jtaintn',  -$,  pi.  -c,  fire-place. 


©actT,  -e3,  pi.  ©cite,  saloon,  hall. 
gupboben,  -£,  pi,  -boben,  floor. 
3Bebo»,-*,pl.8Sk8,      >        t 

2)ad)boben,  -3,  pi.  -boben,) 


278 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


(Spetcfyer,  -o,  pi.  -/  granary. 

Slbtvttt,  -rt,  pi.  -e,  privy,  closet. 

fftk%tU  -w  pi.  -,  bolt,  door-bar,  rail. 

|xwSfd)lujfcl,  -4,  pi.  -,  front-door  key. 

$»f,  -e*f  pi.  £i)fc,  yard. 

Srunnen,  -$,  pi.  -,  well. 

Stall,  -$,  pi.  (Stdllc,  stable,  stall. 

Feminine. 

©djelle,  -,  pi.  -n,  small  bell. 
£au$tf»ure,  -,  pi.  -n,  front  door, 
©tube,  -,  pi.  -n,  room  (stove,  obs.). 
Sapete,  -/  pi.  -n,  wall-paper. 
£etfc,  -,  pi.  -n,  ceiling. 
$iid)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  kitchen.    dj  =  tch. 
©peiferammer,  -,  pi.  -n,  larder. 
Sreppe,  -,  pi.  -n,  staircase  (trap). 
Slammer,  -,  pi.  -n,  chamber. 
2)ad)fammer,  -,  pi.  -n,  garret. 
2)ad)rutne>  -/  pi.  -n,  gutter. 


Neuter. 

2Bofmfjau3,  -e<3,  pi.  -Ijaufer,  dwelling- 
house. 

£oftf)or,  -e£,  pi.  -e,  court-yard  gate. 

$rct£etfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  scraping-iron. 

<&&)h%  -t&,  pi.  ©differ,  lock. 

(£rbgefd)oj5,  -es?,  pL  -e,  ground  floor. 

3tmmer,  -<?,  pi.  -,  room. 

SBofynjtmmer,  -$,  pi.  -,  sitting-room. 

23efud)'stmmer,  -$,  pi.  -,  parlor,  draw- 
ing-room. 

$or$immer,  -i,  pi.  -,  ante-chamber. 

©peifejtmmer,  -,  pi.  -,  dining-room. 

©tubir'$immcr,  -i,  pi.  -,  study. 

<3d)lafjimmer,  -3,  pi.  -,  bed-room. 

Sreppengeldnbcr,  -$,  pi.  -,  staircase-raiL 

©totfroerf,  -*$»  pi.  -c,  story. 

£)ctd),  -i§,  pi.  '©adjer,  roof. 

©efoolbe,  -3,  pi.  -,  vault. 


8.  £au§0erotlje.    Furniture. 


Masculine. 

£epptd>,  -$#  pi.  -e,  carpet. 
£ifd),  -e$,  pi.  -e,  table  (desk,    t  =  d). 
©tuljl,  -3,  pi.  ©tiibje,  chair  (stool), 
©effel,  -3,  pi.  -,  arm-chair. 
©cfyemel,  -3,  pi.  -,  foot-stool. 
(Spiegel,  -§,  pi.  -,  looking-glass. 
33iid)erfd)ranf,  -§,  pi.  -fd)rdnfe,  book- 
case. 
2eud)ter,  -$,  pi.  -,  candle-stick. 
9?af)men,  -§,  pi.  -,  frame. 
<Strot)facf^  -3,  pi.  -fade,  straw-bed. 
Cfcn,  -i,  pi.  Defcn,  stove  (oven). 
$cri>/  -c^/  pi.  -e,  hearth,    e  =  ea. 
£effel,  -i.  pi.  -/  kettle,    ff  =  tt. 
Sbeefeffel,  -§,  pi.  -/  tea-kettle. 
£iegef,  -3,  pi.  -/  skillet. 
£opf,  -e<?,  pi.  Sopfe,  pot  (top.  pf=p). 


©d)rcmf,  -e3,  pi.  ©d)ranfe,  cupboard. 
Setter,  -$,  pi.  -,  plate. 
Bojfel/  -$«  pi.  -,  spoon. 
£orb,  -t§,  pi.  tfijibe,  basket. 
true*,  -e3,  pi.  $riige,  pitcher. 
33ed)er,  -3,  pi.  -,  tumbler,  beaker. 
'Decfet,  -%,  pi.  -,  cover. 
$iibel,  -,  pi.  -,  tub,  keeve.    ii  =  n. 
(Etmer,  -3,  pi.  -/  bucket,  pail. 
£rid)ter,  -3,  pi.  -,  tunnel. 
Sftorfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  mortar. 
SBefeU/  -$#  pL  -v  broom,  besom.    e  =  o. 
©taubbefen,  -3,  pi.  -,  duster. 
$)ropfen,  St  pi.  -/  cork. 
g)fropfen$teli)er,  -&  pi.  -,  corkscrew. 
£>od)t,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  wick. 
SBafferftetn,  -4*  pi.  -*#  sink. 

:ifd>  -e£,  pi.  -c,  wash-stand. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


279 


Feminine. 

JUfte,  -/  pi.  -11,  chest,    f  =  ch  ;  i  =  e. 
tfomo'be,  -,  pi.  -n,  bureau. 
(5d)uMabe,  -,  pi.  -n,  drawer. 
SBettlabe,  -,  pi.  -n,  bedstead. 
3ftcttra'£e,  -,  pi.  -n,  mattress. 
33ettbetfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  coverlet. 
2Barmfiafd)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  warming-pan. 
SBtege,  -,  pi.  -n,  cradle. 
33anf,  -,  pi.  SBanfe,  bench. 
$erje,  -/  pi.  -11/  candle,  taper. 
SMdjrpufce,  -,  pi.  -11/  snuffers. 
Sampe,  -/  pi.  -rt/  lamp. 
Sctter'ne,  -,  pi.  -n,  lantern. 
@d)uppe/-/pl.-n/>  hoyeL    au  =  o> 
©cfyaufel,  -/  pi.  -n, ) 
$euer$ana,e,  -,  pi.  -n,  tongs,    g  =  t. 
<Sd)ad)teI,  -/  pi.  -n,  box. 
@d)itffcl,  -/  pi.  -11/  dish. 
<Snppenfd)itffeb  -,  pi.  -n,  tureen. 
£affc,  -/  pi.  -ii,  cup. 
Untertaffe,  -/  pi.  -n,  saucer. 
Bucferbofe,  -/  pi.  -n,  sugar-box. 
©afrel,  -/  pi.  -ii,  fork. 
gtafd)e,  -/  pi.  -11/  bottle,  flask, 
tone,  -,  pi.  -11/  pot  (can). 
$affeefanne,  -/  pi.  -n,  coffee-pot. 
$Pfefferbud)fc,  -/  pi.  -n,  pepper-box. 
9)famie,  -/  pL  -*t  pan.    &f  =  p. 
©emet'te,  -,  pi.  -it,  napkin. 


Mr,    -,    pi.   -oil/   time-piece,    clock, 

watch. 
2Banbuf)r,  -,  pl.'-eti/  house-clock. 

Neuter. 

blaster',  -3,  pi.  -e,  piano. 
(Sofa,  -3/  pi.  -3,  sofa. 
$ulr,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  desk  (pulpit), 
©emal'be,  -3,  pi.  -,  picture. 
33i'td)erbrett,  -e$,  pi.  -er,  book-shelves. 
Sett,  -e£,  pi.  -en,  bed.    tt  =  d. 
fteber&ett,  -e3,  pi.  -en/  feather-bed. 
$otfler,  -3,  pi.  -/  bolster.    »  =  b. 
$tffcn,  -3,  pi.  -/  pillow,  cushion. 
33etttud),  -e$,  pi.  -tud)ev,  sheet. 
2Bafd)fccfen,  -3,  pi.  -,  wash-bowl. 
©Ia3,  -e3,  pi.  ©lafer,  glass. 
£anbtnd>  -e3,  pi.  -titd)er,  towel. 
$ajld)en,  -3,  pi.  -,  box. 
3utibf)ol3/  -e$,  pi.  -tyotjer,  match. 
Safcltud),  -€**  pi.  -tud)er,  table-cloth. 
Sfyeefielv  -e3,  pi.  -e,  tea-strainer. 
©aljfaji,  -e3,  pi.  -fciffer,  salt-cellar. 
STOeffer,  -3,  pi.  -/  knife. 
ilitd)eng,efd)trr,   -3,    pi.    -c,    kitchen- 
utensils. 
©fcfc/  -e3,  pi.  -e/  sieve,    fc  =  v. 
<3d)ureifen,  -3/  pi.  -,  poker. 
SBiigeleifen,  -3,  pi.  -/  smoothing-iron. 
%a$,  -e$,  pi.  gaffer,  barrel  (vat). 


9.  #au8tljiere.    Domestic  Animals. 


Masculine. 

£unb,  -e3,  pl.-e,  dog  (hound.  u  =  ou). 
3Bmbf)unb,  -e3,  pi.  -,  greyhound. 
©piir&unb,  -t&,  pi.  -e,  setter, 
©aul,  -3,  pi.  ©aulc,  horse. 
SWaulefeT,  -3,  pi.  -,  mule, 
©fel,  -3,  pi.  -,  donkey. 


©tier,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  bull  (steer,  te  =  ee). 
Dd)3,  -en,  pi.  -en;  Dd)fe,  -n,  pi.  -n, 

ox. 
£a!jn,  -$#  pi.  Ratine,  cock. 
Jrutfjafin,  -3,  pi.  -Iiafyne,  turkey, 
spfau,  -e<?,  pi.  -e,  peacock,    pf  =  p. 
<3d)tt>an,  -3,  pi.  <Sd)roane,  swan. 


280 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


Feminine. 

tfafce,  -,  pi.  -n,  cat.    §  =  t. 

2ttau3,  -,  pi.  Sttdufe,  mouse,    an  =  ou. 

$atte,  -,  pi.  -n,  rat. 

(Suite,  -  pi.  -n,  mare  (steed.    u  =  ee). 

$uf>/  -  pi.  ilufte,  cow.    u  =  ow. 

Siege,  -  pi.  -n,  goat. 

•£>enne,  -  pi.  -n,  hen. 

(Snte,  -  pi.  -n,  duck. 

©and,  -,  pi.  ©dnfe,  goose,    a  =  oo. 


Neuter. 

3>ferb,  -*9,  pi.  -e,  horse. 

9?op,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  steed  (horse,  ro  =  or). 

ftulien,  -3,  pi.  -,  colt,  foal,    u  =  oa. 

tfalb,  -e3,  pi.  talker,  calf,    fc  =  f . 

Samm,  -e<3,  pi.  hammer,  lamb. 

Bicflcin, -3,  pi.  -,  kid. 

geberx>ict),  -3,  poultry. 

£uf)n,  -3,  pi.  £itfmer,  fowl. 

©cfyroein,  -3,  pl.-e,  hog,  swine.    fa)= s. 


10.  $er  ©arten.    The  Garden. 


Masculine. 

Saumgarten,  -«,  pi.  -aarten,)  orchard 

Dbftgarten,  -3,  pi.  -garten,  5 

23lumengarten,  -3,  pi.  -garten,  flower- 
garden. 

3aun,  -3,  pi.  Baune,  fence. 

$afen,  -3,  pi.  -,  turf,  sod. 

2Beif»er,  -3,  pi.  -,  fish-pond. 

©prinabrunnen,  -3,  pi.  -,  fountain. 

©aunt,  -eft,  pi.  SBdume,  tree  (beam). 

<3traud),  -e3,  pi.  Strducfyer,),     , 

S3ufd>,  -e3,  pi.  S3iifd)e,        5  US  ' 

STpfelbaum,  -3,  pi.  -fraume,  apple-tree. 

S3irnkum,  -3,  pi.  -bourne,  pear-tree. 

SSetnftocf,  -3,  pi.  -jtocfe,  grape-vine. 

3ol)annt3beerftraud),  -e3,  pi.  -jMudje, 
currant-bush. 


Feminine. 

33cmmfduite,  -  pi.  -n,  nursery. 
£ecfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  hedge, 
©artentaube,  -  pi.  -n,  arbor. 
9)flan$e,  -,  pi.  -n,  plant,    pf  =  p. 
£reibfjau3pflanse,  -  pi.  -n,  green-house 

plant. 
Siebe,  -,  pi.  -n,  grape-vine. 

Neuter. 

33eet,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  bed.    ee  =  e  ;  t  =  d. 

33lumenbeet,  -c3,  pi,  -e,  flower-bed. 

©arteni)au3,  -e3,  pi.  -f)dufer,  summer- 
house. 

®erca$3'ljau3,  -e3,  pi.  -tyaufer,  green- 
house. 

£retb£)au3,  -e3,  pi.  -|)dufer,  hot-house. 


11.  Slumcn  unfc  $ritdjte.    Flowers  and  Fruits. 


Masculine. 
3a$min',  -3,  pi.  -z,  jessamine, 
gottenjtt^n,  -3,  pi.  -jcibne,  dandelion. 
Otitterfpom,  -3,  pi.  -e,  larkspur. 
5Balbmet)ler,  -3,  pi.  -3,  forest-ward. 
Stpfel,  -3,  pi.  Slepfef,  apple. 


Feminine. 

$no3pe,  -,  pi.  -n,  bud. 
23lutbe,  -  pi.  -it,  blossom. 
SBtume,  -  pi.  -it,  flower  (bloom). 
SRofe,  -,  pi.  -n,  rose. 
£ulpe,  -,  pi.  -a,  tulip. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


281 


Silte,  -  pi.  -tt,  lily. 
9Mfe,  -,  pi.  -it,  pink. 
£e»fo'je,  -,  pi.  -n,  gillyflower. 
^or^tf'fe,  -  pi.  -n,  narcissus. 
fyaim'fy,  -,  pi.  -n,  hyacinth. 
$latfd)rofe,  -  pi.  -it,  cup-rose, 
tfornblume,  -  pi.  -n,  blue-bonnet. 
J?e:nfrud)t,  -  pi.  -friid)te,  kernel-fruit. 
S3trne,  -,  pi.  -n,  pear.    b  =  p ;  t  =  ea. 
Quttte,  -,  pi.  -:t,  quince. 
Gitvo'ne,  -,  pi.  -:i,  lemon,  citron. 
Slpfelft'nc,  -,  pi.  -n,  sweet  orange. 
2lnaita3,  -3,  pi.  -e,  pineapple,  ananas. 
SWclo'ne,  -,  pi.  -n,  melon. 
$?W,  -  pi.  -tt,  iig.    et  =  i. 
(Stent  frud>t,  -  pi.  -friidite,  stone-fruit. 
&trfd)e,  -  pi.  -tt,  cherry. 
§>ftauaicf  -  pi.  -tt,  plum,    pf  =  p. 
3rcetfd>e,  -  pi.  -n,  prune. 
3>ftrjtd)e,  -  pi.  -n,  peach. 
Slprifo'fe,  -,  pi.  -n,  apricot,    f  =  t. 


battel,  -,  pi.  -n,  date,  palm-fruit. 
Sitfj,  -  pi.  9?u{fe#  nut.    fj  =  t. 
tfajla'ttie,  -,  pi.  -tt,  chestnut. 
SRanbcl,  -,  pi.  -tt,  almond. 
33ud)crfev,  -,  pi.  -tt,  beechnut,    u  =  ee. 
(£td)el,  -  pi.  -tt,  acorn. 
Seere,  -  pi.  -tt,  berry. 
(Erbbeere,  -  pi.  -  strawberry. 
£imbeere,  -,  pi.  -it,  raspberry, 
©rombeeve,  -  pi.  -it,  blackberry. 
3Raulbeere,  -,  pi.  -it,  mulberry. 
Sofyatt'tttebeere,  -,  pi.  -tt,  currant. 
£raube,  -,  pi.  -n,  grape. 

Neuter. 

Setldjen,  -3,  pi.  -,  violet. 
Skrgijj'meinntdjt,  -3,  pi.  -e,  forget-me- 
not. 
©etJ3blatt,-e3,pl.  -Matter,  honeysuckle. 
£>bfl,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  fruit. 


12.  SBaitBttumc  unto  ftcl&fnidjte.    Forest-trees  and  Fruits  of 
the  Field. 


Masculine. 

Snjorn,  -3,  pi.  -c,  maple. 

SBetbettbattm,  -3,  pi.  -bdume,  willow. 

SBeijen,  -3,  wheat,    et  =  ea  ;  j  s  t. 

Sfcoggen,  -5,  rye.    og  =  y. 

£afer,  -3,  oats.. 

$et§,  -c3,  rice,    et  =  i. 

Saba!,  -$,  pi.  -e,  tobacco. 

.ftlce,  ■-$,  clover. 


Ulme,  -  pi.  -it,  elm.    it  =  e. 

[bush 

Feminine. 

Sauntroollenfiaube,  -,  pi.  -it, 

cotton- 

33irfe,  -  pi.  -n,  birch. 

©crfte,  -  barley. 

S3ud)e,  -  pi.  -n,  beech. 

|>irfe,  -,  millet. 

Seber,  -  pi.  -n,  cedar. 

Eppref'fc,  -  pi.  -n,  cypress. 

Neuter. 

(£id)e,  -  pi.  -n,  oak. 

©etrct'be,  -3,  grain. 

(Erie,  -,  pi.  -it,  alder. 

$orn,  -3,  corn,  grain. 

(£fd)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  ash. 

2Belfd)fortt,  -3,  maize. 

(£3pe,  -,  pi.  -it,  aspen. 
$id)te,  -,  pi.  -it,  pine, 
ftebre,  -,  pi.  -it,  fir.    o  =  i. 
Semite,  -,  pi.  -n,  pine  ;  fir-tree. 
£ard)e,  -  pi.  -it,  larch,    d  =  a. 
Ctttbe,  -  pi.  -tt,  linden-tree. 
5>alme,  -,  pi.  -it,  palm-tree. 
$appel,  -,  pi.  -it,  poplar. 
5ftprte,  -,  pi.  -it,  myrtle. 


282 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OP    NOUNS. 


13.  ©rtocr&gjtoeige.    Branches  of  Industry. 


Natural  Gender. 
23auer,  -3,  pi.  -n,  peasant  (boor), 
©drtncr,  -tf,  pi.  -,  gardener.'  t  =  d. 
SButjer,  -3,  pi.  -,  vintner. 
©ci)afcr,-3pl.-J  d> 

£trte,  -n,  pi.  -n,  ) 
£irttn,  -,  pi.  -nen,  shepherdess. 
Saajofiner,  -3,  pi.  -,  day-laborer. 
£anbtt>erfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  mechanic, 
duller,  -3,  pi.  -  miller. 
33dcfcr,  -3,  pi.  -,  baker. 
Budcrbdtfer,  -g,  pi.  _  confectioner. 
»P3er,-S,Pl.-,)butcher_ 
gtet|d)er, -3,  pi.-  > 

Sifter,  -3,  pi.  -  fisherman,    fd)  =  sh. 
SSeber,  -3,  pi.  -,  weaver,    c  =  ea. 
£epptd)ttnrfer,  -3,  pi.  -  carpet-manu- 
facturer. 


(Stirfcr,  -  pi.  -,  rnasc.    ) 
\,fcmS 


.'embroiderer. 

©titferm, -,  pl.-nen, 

garter,  -3,  pi.  -,  dyer, 
©djneiber,  -3,  pi.  -,  tailor. 
Wdbertn,  -  pi.  -nen,  seamstress, 
©erber,  -3,  pi.  -,  tanner. 
£anbfd)ub,mad)er,  -3,  pi.  -,  glover. 
<Sd)ui)mad)er,  -3,  pi.  -,  shoemaker. 
£utmad)er,  -3,  pi.  -,  hatter. 
23arbter',  -3,  pi.  -e,  barber, 
grifcur',  -3,  pi.  -e,  hair-dresser. 
S3rauer,  -3,  pi.  -  brewer,    au  -  ew. 
$iifer,  -4,  pi.  -  cooper.   u  =  oo;  f=p. 
2adi'rer,  -3,  pi.  -  varnisher. 
iDfaurer,  -3,  pi.  -  mason. 
(2teinme$,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  stone-cutter. 
Btmmevmann,  -3,  pi.  -leute,  carpenter. 
(£d)reiner,  -3,  pi.  -,  joiner. 
£tfd)ler,  -3,  pi.  -  cabinet-maker. 
£ape$ie'rer,  -3,  pi.  -,  upholsterer. 
SSergol'ber,  -3,  pi.  -  gilder,    ser  =  — . 
<3d)crnfteinfeger,  -3,  pi.  -    chimney- 
sweep. 


2Baper,  -3,  pi.  -,  carriage-maker. 

©attler,  -3,  pi.  -,  saddler,    tt  =  dd. 

©lafer,  -3,  pi.  -,  glazier. 

<5d)loffer,  -3,  pi.  -  locksmith. 

<Sd)mteb,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  smith,    fd)  =  s. 

®robfd)mteb,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  blacksmith. 

38affenfd)mieb,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  armorer. 

2tteflerfd)mteb,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  cutler. 

8led)fd)mieb,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  tinman. 

SSttecba'mfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  mechanician. 

Uf)rmad)er,  -3,  pi.  -,  watch-maker. 

•Setter,  -3,  pi.  -,  rope-maker. 

<2efcer,  -,  pi.  -,  compositor. 

Sucfybrucfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  (book)  printer. 

33ud)btnber,  -3,  pi.  -,  bookbinder. 

ftaufmann,  -3,  pi.  -leute,  merchant. 

$afit'rer,  -3,  pi.  -,  cashier. 

33ud)ljalter,  -3,  pi.  -,  book-keeper. 

jtunftfjdnbler,  -3,  pi.  -  dealer  in  works 
of  art. 

SKuftfa'Uenljdnbler,  -3,  pi.  -,  music- 
dealer. 

S8ud)bdnbter,  -3,  pi.  -  bookseller. 

£ud)tjdnbler,  -3,  pi.  -  cloth-merchant. 

spferbefydnbler,  -3,  pi.  -  horse-dealer. 

2Bed)3(er,  -3,  pi.  -,  exchanger,  broker. 

Tmwelter',  -3,  pi.  -e,  jeweler. 

»aumcift£r,-,Pl.-,')rch.tect_ 

5Trd)ttefr ,  -en,  pi.  -en, ) 

3etd)ner,  -3,  pi.  -,  designer. 

©eome'ter,  -3,  pi.  -,) 


surveyor. 


ftelbmeffer,  -3,  pi. 

Sngenteur',  -3,  pi.  -e,  engineer. 

Sflctfdjt'nenbauer,  -3,  pi.  -,  machinist. 

2lrjt,  -e3/  pi.  STergte,  physician. 

SBunbarjt,  -e«,  pi.  -arSte,j gurgeon_ 

(Sljirurg/,  -e£,  pi.  -e,        > 

Sfnerargt,  -e3,    pi.   -ar$te,  veterinary 

surgeon. 
3ab,nar$t,  -e$,  pi.  -drgte,  dentist. 
Slugenarjt,  -e$,  pi.  — ar^te,  oculist. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


283 


£ebamme,  -,  pi.  -n,  midwife. 
Stpottje'fer,  -i,  pi.  -,  apothecary. 
Sbeolo'ge/  -n,  pi.  -n,  theologian. 
9)rebtger,  -%,  pi.  -,  preacher. 
9)fctrrcr,  -3,  pi.  -,  minister,  pastor. 
Sflond),  -eS,  pi.  -e,  monk.  5  =  o;  d) =k. 
9tonne,  -,  pi.  -n,  nuii.    o  =  u. 
mt,  -it,  pi.  Stebtc,  abbot. 
Slebtif'ftn,  -,  pi.  -nen,  abbess. 
SBtfaof,  -3,  pi.  Siftyofe,  bishop. 
(£r$bifd)of,  -3,  pi.  -bifd)5fe,  archbishop. 
(EarbinaV,  -3,  pi.  Sarbina'le,  cardinal. 
$abfr,  -e3,  pi.  9)abfte,  pope,    a  =  o. 
sp&tlolo'ger-it,  pi-  -*»  philologist. 
Setter,  -3*  pi.  -»  (male)  teacher. 
Sefncrtn,  -,  pi.  -nen,  (female)  teacher, 
©cbulmeijler,  -3,  pi.  -/  schoolmaster. 
<3d)ittlebrer,  -$,  pi.  -,  school-teacher, 
ghofif  for,  -«,  pi.  -en/  professor. 
©efcbid)t3'forfd)er,  -3,  pi.  -/  historian. 
2Ilterrfyum3forfd)er,  -3,  pi.-,  antiquarian. 
<Sprad)forfd)er,  -$,  pi.  -/  philologist, 
spbilofopf)',  -en,  pi.  -en,  philosopher. 
9?atur/forfd)er,  -3,  pi.  -/  naturalist. 
Sflatfyemct'tifer,-^  pi.-,  mathematician, 
sp^jioto'ge,  -n,  pi.  -n,  physiologist, 
spfyrcnoto'ge,  -n,  pi.  -n,  phrenologist. 


df)emtfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  chemist. 

©eolo'gc,  -n,  pi.  -n,  geologist. 

Dpttfer,  -$,  pi.  -,  optician. 

Stttneralo'ge,  -n,  pi.  -it,  mineralogist. 

©ota'nifer,  -^,  pi.  -,  botanist. 

Soofoty,  -n,  pi.  -n,  zoologist. 

<3d)riftfteUer,  -3,  pi.  -,  writer,  author. 

SSerfaffcr,  -<?,  pi.  -,  author,  compiler. 

£eraue'geber,  -$,  pi.  -,  publisher. 

9iebat"teur',  -g,  pi.  -c,  editor. 

<5d)reibcr,  -3,  pi.  -,  copyist,  scribe. 

$imftler,  -3,  pi.  -,  wasc.     }     . .  , 
„.,  .,    .  /-aiiist. 

Jtun|tlertn,  -,  pi.  -nen, /em.) 

Silbljauer,  -£,  pi.  -,  sculptor. 

$upfer[ted)er,  -S,  pi.  -,  engraver. 

gttbograpf)',  -en,  pi.  -en,  lithographer. 

SJtolcr,  -*>  pi.  -,  painter. 

9>botograpl/,  -en,  pi.  -en,  photographer. 

£>td)ter,  -3,  pi.  -,  poet. 

<3d)aufpieler,  -3,  pi.  -,  actor. 

(Sd)cmfpielerin,  -,  pi.  -nen,  actress. 

Sftnftfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  musician. 

23trttto'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  virtuoso. 

5tapeITmetfter,  -3,  pi.  -,  conductor  of 

a  band. 

Sanger,  -3,  pi.  -,  mate.     1  gil 

©angerin,  -,  pi.  -nen, /em.) 


■  singer. 


14.  Siiugetljicrc.    Mammals. 

Masculine. 


Sfffe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  ape.    ff  =  p. 
£trfd),  -e3,  pi.  -e,  stag. 
21uerod)3,  -en,  pi.  -en,  urus. 
SSufFcl,  -3>,  pi.  -;  buffalo. 
#afe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  hare,    f  =  r. 
Stber,  -3,  pi.  -,  beaver.  i=ea; 
3geU  -3,  pi.  ->  hedgehog. 
9Nauta>urf,  -a,  pi.  -trutrfe,  mole. 
barber,  -4,  pi.  -,  marten. 
Bobcl,  -3,  pi.  -,  sable. 
gud)3,  -e^,  pi.  $iid)fe,  fox. 


2Bolf,  -e«,  pi.  SBSlfe,  wolf. 
33dr,  -en,  pi.  -en,  bear,    a  =  ea. 
(Etebar,  -en,  pi.  -en,  polar  bear. 
Sbroe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  lion. 
£iger,  -3,  pi.  -,  tiger. 
£ud)3,  -eS,  pi.  -e,  lynx. 
Slepfwnr',  -en,  pi.  -en,  elephant; 
(Eber,  -#,  pi.  -,  wild-boar. 
(Seefyunb,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  sea-dog,  seal. 
£>elpt)tn',  -3,  pi.  -e#  dolphin. 
SMftfdV  -«^  P1-  ~e'  whale,    ro  =  wh. 


284 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


Feminine, 
©emfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  chamois. 
ftine,  -  pi.  -n,  hyena. 
fttfdptttr,  -  pi.  -n,  otter, 
glcbermaua,  -,  pi.  -maufe,  bat. 

Neuter. 

(£id)lprnd)en,  -3,  pi.  -,  squirrel. 
SBiffri,  -a,  pi.  -,  weasel,    ie  =  ea. 
tain'djen,  -a,  pi.  -,  rabbit. 


3Reerfd)ttetttd)ett,  -a,  pi.  -  Guinea-pig. 
(Stad)elfd)n>cin,  -a,  pi.  -e,  porcupine. 
3ebra,  -a,  pi.  -a,  zebra. 
Dtcmttljicr,  -4,  pi.  -e,  reindeer,    t  =  d. 
did),  -$,  pi.  -e,  deer,  roe.    e  =  oe. 
ftomeer,  -3,  pi.  -e,  camel. 
Dvomebar,  -a,  pi.  -e,  dromedary, 
fftctaljorn,  -,  pi.  -e,  rhinoceros. 
9iilpferb,  -«##  pi.  -i,  hippopotamus. 
2Balln>jj,  -*3#  pi-  -^  walrus. 


15.  SBogcf.    Birds. 


Masculine. 

(Stngpogel,  -a,  pi.  -Pogcl,  bird  of  song. 

taa'riensogcl,  -a,,  pi.  -sijgel,  Canary- 
bird. 

33ud)ftnfe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  chaffinch.  f  =  ch. 

^ufucf,  -a,  pi.  -e,  cuckoo. 

©impel,  -a,  pi.  -  bullfinch. 

Jtoltbri,  -a,  pi.  -a,  humming-bird. 

(Sperling,  -a,  pi.  -e,  sparrow. 

SBtebe&opf,  -ea,  pi.  -e,  peewit. 

(Stactr,  -a,  pi.  -e,  starling. 

Dtabe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  raven,    b  =  v. 

SDapaget,  -a,  pi.  -e,  parrot. 

gafait',  -4,  pi.  -e,  pheasant. 

©umppoogel,  -a,  pi.  -ttogel,  wader. 

©tntnf,  -ea,  pi.  -t,  ostrich. 

tfranid),  -a,  pi.  -e,  crane. 

(Stored,  -e^,  pi.  6t5rd)e,  stork,  d)  =  k. 

(ShmnpogeT,  -a,  pi.  -Pogel,  stormy 
petrel. 

Otaufcsogel,  -a,  pi.  -Poget,  bird  of  prey. 

Slbler,  -a,  pi.  -,  eagle. 

©eier,  -a,  pi.  -,  vulture. 


$dfe,  -n,  pi.  -it,  falcon. 
Uf)U,  -a,  pi.  -a,  horn-owl. 

Feminine. 

Sftacfytigatl,  -,  pi.  -en,  nightingale, 
©raamiicfe,  -,  pi.  -en,  hedge-sparrow. 
Serene,  -,  pi.  -n,  lark,    e  =  a  ;  d)  =  k. 
SImfel,  -,  pi.  -n,  blackbird. 
1)roffet,  -,  pi.  -n,  thrush,  throstle, 
ajacfyjlclje,  -,  pi.  -n,  wagtail. 
©djroalbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  swallow,    fd)  =  s. 
2Bad)tel,  -,  pi.  -n,  quail, 
jlralje,  -,  pi.  -n,  crow,    a  =  ow. 
£)oljle,  -,  pi.  -n,  jackdaw. 
Sifter,  -.  pi.  -n,  magpie. 
©cfyncpfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  snipe,    fd)  =  s. 
Wm,  -,  pi.  -n,  gull. 
Gtbergcma,  -  pi.  -ganfe,  eider-duck. 
(£u(e,  -,  pi.  -n,  owl.    eu  -  ow. 

Neuter. 

0totl)fd)tt>anj(d)en,  -a,  pi.  -,  red-start. 
0Jotl)fef)ld)en,  -a,  pi.  -,  robin  redbreast. 


16.  2tmj)ljU)ien  unfc  $ifdje. 

Masculine. 

SUltga'tor,  -a,  pi.  -a,  alligator. 
Caiman,  -a,  pi.  -e,  cayman. 


Amphibia  and  Fishes. 

$rofd),  -ea,  pi.  $rofd)e,  frog. 
©alaman'ber,-a,Pl.->salamander> 
2Md),  -ea,  pi.  -e,        ) 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


285 


Sarfd),  -€*,  pi.  -e,  perch. 

faring,  -g,  pi.  -e,  herring,    a  =  e. 

$arpfen,  -g,  pi.  -,  carp,    pf  =  p. 

£ed)t,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  pike. 

9tal,  -g,  pi.  -e,  eel.    act  =  ee. 

£atftfd),  -eg,  pi.  -e,  shark. 

Feminine. 

©djilbfrote,  -,  pi.  -n,  turtle. 


SRic fenfd) ilbfrote,  -,  pi.  -tt,  riant  sea- 
turtle, 
(gibed)  fe,  -,  pi.  -n,  lizard. 
<Sd)lange,  -  pi.  -n,  snake. 
2Minbfd)leid)e,  -,  pi.  -n,  blind-worm. 
Matter,  -,  pi.  -n,  adder,  viper. 
$lapperfd)lange,  -  pi.  -n,  rattle-snake. 
A'rijtc,  -  pi.  -n,  toad. 
$orel'(e,  -  pi.  -n,  trout. 


17.  ^nfcftett,  SBiirmer,  u.  f.  f.    Insects,  Worms,  &c. 


Masculine. 

<£d)tnetterttng,  -g,  pi.  -e,  butterfly. 
&&ftX,  -g,  pi.  -,  beetle  ;  chafer. 
i?eud)tfafer,  -g,  pi.  -,  fire-fly. 
$lof),  -g,  pi.  %ltyz,  flea,    o  =  ea. 
$rebg,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  crawfish. 
23lutegel,  -g,  pi.  -,  leech,  blood-sucker, 
©anbttmrm,  -g,  pi.  -roiirmer,  tape-wonn. 
9)ofyp',  -g,  pi.  -en,  polypus. 
$oralT,  -g,  pi.  -en,  coral. 

Feminine. 

33tene,  -,  pi.  -n,  bee.    te  =  ee. 
£orntf'fe,  -  pi.  -n,  hornet,    ff  =  t. 
SBegpe,  -,  pi.  -n,  wasp,    e  =  a. 
pummel,  -,  pi.  -n,  bumble-bee. 
SSflitcfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  fly,  midge,    u  =  i. 


9)ferbebvemfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  horse-fly. 
ftltege,  -,  pi.  -n,  fly.    teg  =  y. 
©d)nafc,  -,  pi.  -n,  gnat,  stinging-fly. 
SSttogintt'tO,  -,  pi.  -g,  musquito. 
2J?otte,  -,  pi.  -n,  moth,    tt  =  th. 
SImetfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  ant. 
Saug,  -,  pi.  gaufe,  louse,    au  =  ou. 
2Ban^e,  -,  pi.  -n,  bed-bug. 
®rtile,  -,  pi.  -n,  cricket. 
•£>eufd)retfe,  -,  pi.  -n,  locust. 
<Stngctfabe,  -  pi.  -n,  katydid. 
23lctttlctug,  -,  pi.  -Idufe,  plant-louse. 
iJBafferjungfer,  -,  pi.  -n,  dragon-fly. 
£ermi'te,  -  pi.  -n,  termite,  termes. 

Plural. 

3nfufo'rten,  -,  infusoria. 


18.  SKincrtt'Kcn.    Minerals. 


Masculine. 

(Sd)»efel,  -g,  sulphur. 
9)3ogpf>or,  -g,  phosphorus. 
®rctpf)tt',  -g,  pi.  -e,  graphite, 
flrojtatt',  -g,  pi.  -e,  crystal. 
JQuarj,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  quarz. 
S3ergfr»|lall,  -g,  pi.  -e,  rock-crystal. 
Sfyon,  -g,  clay, 
©limmer,  -g,  mica. 


$elbfpaft),  -eg,  pi.  -e,  feldspar. 
Malt,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  lime  (chalk,    f =ch). 
«!J?ufd)elfaIf,  -eg,  shell-lime, 
farmer,  -g,  marble. 
©9pg,  -eg,  gypsum. 
gtufcfpatf),,  -eg,  fluor-spar. 
SUcum,  -g,  pi.  -e,  alum. 
£oitenftetn,  -g,  nitrate  of  silver. 
(Sanbflctn,  -g,  pi.  -c,  sandstone. 


286 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF   NOUNS. 


©rantt',  -$,  pi.  -e,  granite, 
©tenit,  -3,  pi.  -e,  syenite. 
33afdt',  -e3,  pi.  -e,  basalt. 
Strait',  -e$,  pi.  -e,  asphaltum. 
Sropffktn,  -<3,  pi.  -e,  stalactites. 

Feminine. 

©teinfoljle,  -,  pi.  -tt,  stone-coal. 
23raimiot)le,  -,  pi.  -n,  bituminous  coal, 
tfreibe,  -,  pi.  -n,  chalk. 
<3oba,  -  soda. 
$)ottafd)e,  -e,  potash. 
Zata,  -,  lava. 

Neuter. 

SWetafl',  -S,  pi.  -e,  metal, 
©olb,  -e$,  gold. 


9>tatm,  -3,  platina. 

©Mer,  -3,  silver.    6  =  v. 

Cuetf fttfcer,  -3,  quicksilver. 

$upfer,  -3,  copper,    u  =  o  ;  pf  =  pp. 

3imt,  -a,  tin.    j  =  t. 

©let,  -3,  lead. 

©ifen,  -3,  iron,    ei  =  i ;  f  =  r ;  e  =  o. 

Galium,  -3,  potassium. 

Natrium,  -3,  sodium. 

(£rj,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  ore. 

@alj,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  salt.    %  -  t. 

©teinfalj,  -e$,  rocksalt. 

LV„     '     '> petroleum,  kerosene, 
©temot,  -3,    ) 

9?apf)ta,  -$,  naphtha. 

©cfyetbettaffer,  -3,  nitric  acid. 

$5mg3»afler,  -3,  nitro -muriatic  acid. 


19.  SBtffcnfdj  often.    Sciences. 


Feminine. 

9tatur'tt>tfrenfd)aft,  -    pi.  -en,  natural 

sciences. 
fWat&emattf',  -,  mathematics. 
9Iritf)metif',  -,  arithmetic, 
©eometrte',  -,  geometry. 
Sfledja'ntf,  -,  mechanics. 
Sljfrononue,  -,  astronomy. 
9>b9ftP,  -,  natural  philosophy. 
(Sfyemte',  -,  chemistry. 
Sfleteorologte',  -,  meteorology. 


©eologte,  -,  geology. 
Slnatomte,  -,  anatomy. 
$&9ftologte,  -  physiology. 
SKebtjin',  -,  medicine. 
$e<fyt3nnffenfd)aft,  -,  jurisprudence. 
Sljeologte,  -  theology. 
spijUologte,  -  philology. 
Stijeto'rtf,  -  rhetoric. 
©efd)td)'te,  -  history. 
©eograpf)te,  -,  geography. 
3)§ilofop$ie,  -,  philosophy. 


20.  Mnffe.    Arts. 


Feminine. 

©aufunjl,-,    Jarchitecture> 
Slrcftiteftur',  -  > 
©ttb^auerfunjt,-,) 
$tafttf,  -,  5       * 

Sftaleret,  -  painting. 
©laSmaleret,  -,  painting  on  glass. 


3etd)enhmjr,  -  art  of  drawing. 
©cfyreifceftmft,  -,  chirography. 
©cfyonfdjretfcefunft,  -,  calligraphy. 
JhtpferfteAfimft,  -  art  of  engraving, 
©itcfybritcferfimjr,  -,  art  of  printing. 
©tetnbrucferfunft,  -,  lithography. 
Sftebefunft,  -  rhetoric. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST   OF   NOUNS. 


287 


~    *     „       >  music. 
Sonfunfr,  -,} 

£)tcf)tfunfr,  -,  poetry. 

Slejifjettf,  -  esthetics. 

Neuter, 
flunftoerf,  -e3,  pi.  -c,  work  of  art. 


©emaTbe,  -4,  pi.  -  painting. 
Sonfrutf,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  piece  of  music, 
©ebicfyr',  -e3,  pi.  -e,  poem. 

Plural. 

2>ie  fd)5nen  tf'iinfle,  -,  fine  arts. 

Die  bilbenben  tfunjfe,  -,  formative  arts. 


21.  ^Religion.    Beligion. 


Masculine. 

©fotf&en,  -3,  belief,  faith. 

@lauben$fafc,  -e3,  pi.  -fafce,  doctiine, 
dogma. 

Sempel,  -3,  pi.  -,  temple. 

©ott,  -e$,  God.    tt  =  d. 

G^rijntS,  -  Christ. 

■£>err,  -n,  Lord. 

(Engel,  -a,  pi.  -  angel. 

Seufel,  -3,  pi.  -  devil,  t  =  d  ;  en  =  e. 

9>ropI)et',  -en,  pi.  -en,  prophet. 

Slpof'tel,  -3,  pi.  -,  apostle. 

hunger,  -3,  pi.  -,  disciple. 

(Efyrijr,  -en,  pi.  -en,  Christian. 

5?atf)oUP,  -en,  pi.  -en,  catholic. 

$)roteftant',  -en,  pi.  -en,  protestant. 

£nmmet,  -3,  pi.  -  heaven. 

©otteSbtenfi,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  divine  service. 

3ube,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Jew. 

SflotyammebcmtemuS,  -,  Mohammedan- 
ism. 

33lam,  -3,  Mussulman  faith. 

£oran,  -<?,  Koran. 

9ftof)ammebaner,  -3,  pi.  -,       )Moham- 

SWnfelmann,  -e3,  pi.  -manner, )  medan. 

£>eibe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  heathen,    et  =  ea. 

©ofce,  -n,  pi.  -n,  idol. 

©ofcenbienfr,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  idolatry. 

©ofcenbtener,  -3,  pi.  -,  idolater. 

2>et3tnu3,  -,  deism. 

©eifr,  -n,  pi.  -tt,  deist. 

9>ant&ei3mu3,  -,  pantheism. 


$anrt)eifr,  -en,  pi.  -en,  pantheist. 
2ltfyet3mu3,  -,  atheism. 
SItfyeijr,  -en,  pi.  -en,  atheist. 
5flatertalt3mu$,  -,  materialism. 
Material  tfr,  -en,  pi.  -en,  materialist, 
^reibenfer,  -3,  pi.  -,  freethinker. 

Feminine. 

fReltgion^'frei^ett,  -,  religious  freedom. 
©IcmbenSlefyre,-,  pi.  -n,  system  of  faith. 
$rebtgr,  -,  pi.  -en,  sermon. 
Gtfyrtftentyeit,  -,  Christendom. 
Staufe,  -,  pi.  -n,  "baptism. 
Si&et,  -,  pi.  -n,  Bible. 
£>eilige  (Shrift,  -,  Holy  Scriptures. 
$trcfye,  -,  pi.  -n,  church,  f  =  ch;  i  =  u. 
(Spnago'ge,  -,  pi.  -n,  synagogue. 
Sftofdjee',  -,  pi.  -n,  mosque. 
9)ago'be,  -,  pi.  -n,  pagoda. 

Neuter. 

MgionS'&efennmij?,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  profes- 
sion of  faith. 

©lanknSkfenntmfiJ,  -e$,  pi.  -e,  confes- 
sion of  faith. 

(£l)rt|lent{)um,  -3,  Christianity. 

2Hte  Sejtament',  -e3,  Old  Testament. 

9>kue  Seftament',  -e3,  New  Testament. 

•£>etlta,e  9lbenbtnafyl,  -3,  Lord's  Supper. 

Sungfte  ©erid)t',  -e$,  Last  Judgment. 

Subentfyum,  -3,  Judaism. 

|>eibenttjmn,  -3,  heathendom,    t  =  d. 


288 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


22.  $a§  BtitaU.    The  Universe. 


Masculine. 
Stopfer,  -*,  pi.  -    creator  (fd)affcn, 

shape), 
©toff,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  matter  (stuff.  o  =  u). 
$orper,  -8,  pi.  -  body. 
Stern,  -rt,  pi.  -e,  star,    e  =  a. 
ftirftern,  *?*,  pi.  -f,  fixed  star. 
planet',  -en,  pi.  -en,  planet. 
Xra&cutf,  -en,  pi.  -en,  satellite. 
Sftonb,  -f*,  pi.  -e,  moon,    o  *»  oo. 
(Evbfb'vper,  -3,  pi.  -,  terrestrial  body. 
$)c(,  -tS,  pi.  -e,  pole. 
Slequa'tor,  -3,  equator. 
g)avallel'ireic,  -tk,  pi.  -e,  parallel. 
2Benbefrei3,  -t$,  pi.  -e,  tropic. 
3>olar'l;rei$,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  polar-circle. 
Sfteribian',  -3,  pi.  -e,  meridian, 
©rab,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  degree. 
Ocean,  -3,  pi.  -e,  ocean. 

©»§eCccan,-a,  I  Pacific  Ocean. 

©title  Ocean,  -3,5 

5lt(antifd)e  Ocean,  -3,  Atlantic  Ocean. 

3nbifd)e  Ocean,  -3,  Indian  Ocean. 

fWeerbufen,  -3,  pi.  -,  >     lf 

©olf,  -e3,  pi.  -e,       > 

©unb,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  sound,    n  =  ou. 

toal',  -3,  pi.  tand'le,  channel. 

©olfilrom,  -3,  Gulf  Stream. 

©trubet,-3,pl.-> vhirl    Ql 

SBtrM,  -3,  pi.  -,  > 

SWaljrrom,  -8,  Maelstrom. 

SBtnb,  -e3,  pi.  -e,  wind. 

spaffat'rotnb,  -e3,  trade-wind. 

Feminine. 

@d)opfung,  -,  pi.  -en,  creation. 
SBelt,  -,  pi.  -en,  world. 
9(catnr/,  -,  pi.  -en,  nature, 
sflatur'fraft,  -,   pi.  -frafte,  power  of 
nature. 


Sftate'rte,  -,  pi.  -n,  matter. 
Sonne,  -,  pi.  -n,  sun.    o  =  u. 
(£rbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  earth,  e  =  ea;  b  =  th. 
(Srbfugel,  -,  terrestrial  globe. 
£albfugel,  -,  pi.  -S,  hemisphere. 
Sftttge,  -,  pi.  -It;  longitude. 
Srette,  -,  pi.  -n,  latitude. 
3one,  -,  pi.  -n,  zone. 
£etf!e  3one,  -,  torrid  zone . 
©cma§fgte  Bone,  -,  temperate  zone. 
.ftalte  3one,  -,  frigid  zone. 
(See,  -,  pi.  -n,  sea.    ee  =  ea. 
Soge,  -,  pi.  -n,  wave, 
©etle,  -,  pi.  -n,  billow. 
©eaett,-,pl.-en,)tidei  _ 

gbbeunbglutl),-,) 
Sbbe,  -,  pi.  -n,  ebb,  ebb-tide. 
glutb,  -,  pi.  -en,  flood,  high  tide. 
©prtngflutf),  -,  pi.  -en,  spring-tide. 
SWeereSilromung,  -,  pi.  -en,  ocean-cur- 
rent. 
9fteere3tiefe,  -,  pi.  -n,  depth  of  the  sea. 
33ai,  -,  pi.  -en,  bay,    at  =  ay. 
S3ud)t, -,  pi. -en,  bight.  u  =  i;  d)=gh. 
SKeerenge,  -,  pi.  -n,  strait. 
Sanbenge,  -,  pi.  -n,  isthmus. 
Mm,  -,  pi.  -n,  cliff,    pp  ae  ff. 
Snfel,  -,  pi.  -n,  island, 
•galbtnfel,  -,  pi.  -n,  peninsula. 
Sanbjunge,  -,  pi.  -n,  neck  of  land. 
©iibfee,  -,  Pacific  Ocean. 
9?orbfee,  -,  North  Sea. 
Oftfee,  -,  Baltic  Sea. 
$iifte,  -,  pi.  -n,  coast,    u  =  oa. 
(Ebene,  -,  pi.  -n,  plain  (even,    b  =  v). 
•£>od)ebene,  -,  pi.  -n,  plateau, 
sprarte',  -,  pi.  -n,  prairie. 
SBitfte,  -,  pi.  -n,  desert. 
©afya'ra,  -,  Sahara. 
STra'bifd^e  SBiifle,-,  Arabian  Desert. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


289 


2Saj7erf(fyeibe,  -,  pi.  -n,  watershed. 

Quelle,  -  pi.  -n,  well. 

SJfiinbung,  -  pi.  -en,  mouth,    b  =  th. 

Neuter. 

9?atur'gefefc,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  law  of  na- 
ture. 

Sltom',  -g,  pi.  -e,  atom. 

©efdwpf,  -ti,  pi.  -e,  creature. 

^lane'tenfyjlem,  -g,  pi.  -e,  planetary 
system. 

9J?eer,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  sea. 

SBettmcer,  -?$,  pi.  -tt  ocean. 

(Etgmeer,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  Polar  Sea. 

Slrabtfcfye  SWeer,  -eg,  Arabian  Sea. 

SBmnenmeer,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  inland  sea. 


3tftttelmeer,  -eg,^| 

Sftittelldubifdje    I  Mediterranean  Sea. 

2Reer,  -eg,      j 
9Tbrtarifd&e  9tteer,  -eg,  Adriatic  Sea. 
21eadtja)e  SReer,  -eg,  ^Egean  Sea. 
9iotl)e2tteer,-eg,RedSea.  »=e;  t=d. 
<5d&,tt>ar$e  Sfteer,  -eg,  Black  Sea. 
$agptfd)e  SReer,  -eg,  Caspian  Sea. 
Sobte  SReer,  -eg,  Dead  Sea.    t  -  d. 
©aljttaffer,  -g,  salt-water,    g  =  t. 
(Su^roajfer,  -g,  fresh-water, 
©efta'be,  -g,  pi.  -,  shore,  coast. 
Sanb,  -eg,  pi.  Sdnber,  land. 
StjHanb,  -eg,  continent. 


flap,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  ) 
Sorgebtrge,  -g,  pi.  -  $ 
©ebi'rge,  -g,  pi 


cape, 
mountains. 


23.  ©eograjiljifdjc  ©enemtungen.    Geographical  Names. 


Masculine. 

£oren>ftrom,  -g,  St.  Lawrence  River. 

SRtaga'rafaU,  -g,  Niagara  Falls. 

91majo'uenftrom,  -g,  River  Amazon. 

9ftf)etn,  -g,  Rhine. 

Sflatn,  -g,  Main. 

Nectar,  -g,  Neckar. 

SBobenfee,  -g,  Lake  Constance. 

Stertoolbflabter  See,  -g,  Lake  Luzerne. 

©enfer  ©ee,  -g,  Lake  Geneva. 

9ffl,  -g,  Nile. 

©angeg,  -,  Ganges. 

Sutfbrat,  -g,  Euphrates. 

<3d)tt>artft>alb,  -fg,  Black  Forest. 

Dbenroctlb,  -eg,  Odenwald. 

£bitrtnger     SBalb,     -eg,     Thuringian 

Forest. 
Seutoburger   2Balb,    -eg,  Teutoburger 

Forest, 
^arj,  -eg,  Harz. 
Ural,  -g,  Ural  Mountains. 
19 


flaufafug,  -,  Caucasus, 
^tmalasja,  -,  Himalaya. 
Slmerifaner,  -g,  pi.  -,  American. 
Gana'bter,  -g,  pi.  -,  Canadian. 
Stfeuenglduber,    -g,   pi.   -,    New-Eng- 

lander. 
fmbta'ner,  -g,  pi.  -,  Indian. 
SWertfa'uer,  -g,  pi.  -,  Mexican, 
ilarat'be,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Carib. 
SBtlbe,  -u,  pi.  -n,  savage. 
Sraftlta'ner,  -g,  pi.  -,  Brazilian. 
sperua'ner,  -g,  pi.  -,  Peruvian. 
Suropd'er,  -g,  pi.  -,  European. 
Deutfdje,  -u,  pi.  -n,  German. 
$reupe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Prussian. 
<5ad)fe,  -u,  pi.  -n,  Saxon. 
^annosera'ner,  -g,  pi.  -,  Hanoverian. 
9kffauer,  -g,  pi.  -,  native  of  Nassau. 
•Seffe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Hessian. 
33aier,  -u,  pi.  -n,  Bavarian. 
33aben'fer,  -g,  pi.  -,  native  of  Baden. 


290 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


2Mrtemkrger,  -$,  pi.  -,  Wuertem- 
berger. 

<Sd)tt)ei$er,  -$,  pi.  -,  Swiss. 

Deftretcfyer,  -3,  pi.  -,  Austrian 

33ofyme,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Bohemian. 

Hngar,  -3,  pi.  -n,  Hungarian. 

Ssro'Ier,  -3,  pi.  -  Tyrolese. 

3)oIe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Polander. 

Seller,  -$,  pi.  -  Belgian. 

■£>olldnber,  -3,  pi.  -,  Dutchman. 

2)dne,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Dane. 

<5d)tt>ebe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Swede. 

Sftortteger,  -$,  pi.  -  Norwegian. 

33ldnbtr,  -$,  pi-  -/  Icelander. 

(Sngldnber,  -3,  pi.  ->  Englishman. 

<3d)otte,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Scot,  Scotsman. 

3rldnber,  -3,  pi.  -  Irishman. 

gran^o'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Frenchman. 

Spantcr,  -3,  pi.  -,  Spaniard. 

3talte'ner,  -3,  pi.  -  Italian. 

©rted)e,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Greek. 

Surfe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Tm-k. 

SRuffe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Eussian. 

5?ofa'cfe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Cossack. 

ginne,  -it,  pi.  -n,  Finnlander. 

Sawe,  -n,  pi.  -It,  Laplander,  Lapp. 

(£3ftmo,  -3,  pi.  -3,  Esquimaux. 

Sljuvte,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Asiatic. 

Slraber,  -3,  pi  -,  Arabian. 

$Perfer,  -3,  pi.  -  Persian. 

3nbter,  -3,  pi.  -  East  Indian. 

Gbtne'fe,  -n,  pi.  -n,  Chinese. 

3apane'fe,  -n,  pi.  -it,  Japanese. 

3)?oitgo'le,  -it,  pi.  -n,  Mongolian. 

Slfrifa'ner,  -3,  pi.  -  African. 

x3)?avpffa'ner,  -3,  pi.  -  native  of  Mo- 
rocco. 

Sutte'fe,  -n,  pi.  -tt,  Tunisian. 

9?eger,  -3,  pi.  -,  negro. 

Sflofyr,  -en,  pi.  -en,  negro. 

Sluffra'Iter,  -3,  pi.  -,  Australian. 


Feminine. 

9ttofel,  -,  Moselle. 

gibe,  -  Elbe. 

SDefer,  -,  Weser. 

Dber,  -,  Oder. 

2Beid)fel,  -  Vistula. 

2>onau,  -,  Danube. 

$flaa$,  -,  Meuse. 

Sd)elbe,  -  Scheldt. 

Xtytmfc,  -,  Thames. 

SMga,  -,  Volga. 

*au>c*p,-f         |SwabianAlp. 

2£etterau,  -  Wetterau. 
@a)tt>et$,  -  Switzerland. 
$rtm,  -,•  Crimea. 
Sitifei',  -,  Turkey. 
SBarbarei',  -,  Barbary. 

Neuter. 

Shne'rtfa,  -3,  America. 
9?orbamertfa,  -3,  North  America. 
9?eufunb'lanb,  -3,  Newfoundland. 
(Ecmaba,  -3,  Canada. 
SSfterifo,  -3,  Mexico. 
SBefttn'bien,  -3,  West  Indies. 
<Siibamerifa,  -3,  South  America, 
©rafi'lien,  -3,  Brazil. 
s3>eru,  -3,  Peru. 

Sofymerttalb,  -e3,  Bohemian  Forest. 
5D?abrtfc^e  ©ebtrge,  -3,  Moravian  Moun- 
tains, 
©rjgebtrge,  -3,  Erzgebirge 
Ditefengebtrge,  -3,  Giant  Mountains. 
gtd)tetgebtrge,  -3,  Fichtelgebirge. 
(guro'pa,  -3,  Europe. 
'Deutfd)Ianb,  -3,  Germany. 
9Jorbbeutfd)Iaitb,  -3,  North  Germany. 
(SubbeutFd)tanb,  -3,  South  Germany. 
9)reu§en,  -3,  Prussia. 
(Sacbjen,  -3,  Saxony. 
•£>amtc'ser,  -3,  Hanover. 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF'  NOUNS. 


291 


Sfaflau,  -3,  Nassau. 
•Seffett,  -3,  Hesse. 
23ctben,  -3,  Baden. 
SBurtemberg,  -3,  Wuertemberg. 
Satern,  -$,  Bavaria, 
2*t&ringQj,  -5,  Lothringia. 
(Elfajj,  -e$,  Alsace. 
Ceftretd),  -3,  Austria. 
Socmen,  -$,  Bohemia. 
llngarn,  -3,  Hungary. 
23elgten,  -5,  Belgium. 
£olicmb,  -$,  Holland. 
<Sfanbin<Wten,  -,  Scandinavia. 
Sftorrcegen,  -3,  Norway. 
<Sd)roeben,  -3,  Sweden. 
2>dnemarf,  -3,  Denmark. 
3$lanb,  -3,  Iceland, 
©rojjbrttamtien,  -3,  Great  Britain. 
Snglanb,  -3,  England. 
©djottlanb,  -3,  Scotland. 
3rlcmb,  -3,  Ireland. 
$ranfreicf),  -$,  France, 
©panien,  -3,  Spain. 
Stctlten,  -3,  Italy, 
©ijilien,  -$,  Sicily, 
©rtedjenlanb,  -3,  Greece. 
0iu£lanb,  -$,  Russia. 
3>olen,  -4,  Poland. 
•Sibirien,  -3,  Siberia. 
Vffot,  -«,  Asia, 
spalajtfna,  -3,  Palestine. 
Sfyriat,  -3,  Syria. 
Snbtcn,  -(3,  India. 
£mboffrm,  -3,  Hindostan. 
Dftm'bten,  -3,  East  Indies. 
STra'btert,  -3,  Arabia, 
sperften,  -i,  Persia. 
Gbtua,  -$,  China. 
^a\\\n,  -3,  Japan. 
Stfrifa,  -8,  Africa. 
(EgW'ten,  -3,  Egypt. 
SRubten,  -3,  Nubia. 


STbpffi'uten,  -3,  Abyssinia. 

Sluftralten,  -3,  Australia. 

Steufee'fonb,  -3,  New  Zealand. 

Dcect'men,  -  Oceania. 

Serttn',  -3,  Berlin. 

Hamburg,  -3,  Hamburg. 

Sremen,  -3,  Bremen. 

Siibecf,  -3,  Lubeck. 

Stettin',  -3,  Stettin. 

Dre3ben,  -3,  Dresden. 

Setpjtg,  -3,  Leipsic. 

Coin,  -3,  Cologne. 

23omt,  -3,  Bonn. 

(SoMcnj,  -«,  Coblentz. 

$Rain$,  -3,  Mayence. 

ftranffurt,  -3,  Frankfort. 

Stuttgart,  -3,  Stuttgart. 

Wlvmtytn,  -3,  Munich. 

Slurnbcrg,  -3,  Nuremberg. 

3Bien,  -3,  Vienna. 

§)rag,  -3,  Prague. 

3>eft,  -3,  Pesth. 

©ruffel,  -$,  Brussels. 

Slntwcrpcn,  -3,  Antwerp. 

Jbpenb.a'gen,  -3,  Copenhagen. 

bonbon,  -3,  London. 

(Sbinburg,  -3,  Edinburgh. 

£)ublm,  -3,  Dublin. 

$art3',  -3,  Paris. 

2ttabrtb',  -3,  Madrid. 

©ibral'tar,  -3,  Gibraltar. 

9fa>m,_-3,  Rome. 

SSflailcmb,  -3,  Milan. 

$loren$',  -3,  Florence. 

Skrte'btg,  -3,  Venice. 

®enua,  -3,  Genoa. 

Sftea'pel,  -3,  Naples. 

Slfften',  -3,  Athens. 

Sonflantmo'pel,  -3,  Constantinople. 

^Petersburg,  -3,  Petersburg. 

9)?o3fau,  -3,  Moscow. 

SBarfcfyau,  -3,  Warsaw. 


292 


CLASSIFIED    LIST    OF    NOUNS. 


Plural. 

»en'"'     i  Andes. 
Gorbtucn,  -,) 

gtyrtn&'ett,  -,  Pyrenees. 

Slpenm'nen,  -,  Apennines. 

$fyen,  -  Alps. 

Stoge'fen,  -  Vosges  Mountains. 


^ctrpct'tkn,  -  Carpathian  Mountains. 
SSerei'ntgten    Staatcn    son     SIme'rifa, 

United  States  of  America. 
$tebcrtanbe,  -  Netherlands. 
^nttt'Ien,  -,  Antilles. 
£eki'ben,  -,  Hebrides. 


24.  ^crfoncnnamcn.    Names  of  Persons. 


Masculine. 
Slbelkrr,  ■*,  Ethelbert. 
SlboM,  -*,  Adolphus. 


Albert. 


Sllkvt,  -3,    K 

Sllfreb,  -3,  Alfred. 
2Inbrca3,  -,  Andrew. 
STnton,  -3,  Antony. 
SIrrtmr,  -$,  Arthur. 
Stuaujt,  -4t  Augustus, 
benjamin,  -§,  Benjamin. 
Bertram,  -3,  Bertram. 
(Ektftian,  -3,  Christian. 
(Efmftotfv  -$,  Christopher. 
(Siemens,  -,  Clement. 
(Sonjtcmtttt,  -$,  Constantine. 
Daniel/  -3,  Daniel. 
£<Wtb,  -*,  David. 
(Ebnctrb,  -$>,  Edward, 
©mil,  -3,  Emil. 
(Ernfr,  -3,  Ernest, 
©ugen,  -$,  Eugene, 
gelij,  -,  Felix. 
grcm$,  -M8,  Francis, 
g-rtebrtcr/,  -3/  Frederick. 
%\\%,  -enS,  Fred, 
©eora,,  -3,  George, 
©ottfrieb,  -3/  Godefrey. 
©otttteb,  -3,  Theophile. 
©regor,  -4,  Gregory.^ 
©nfias,  -3,  Gustavus. 
^emrict),  -$,  Henry. 


Hermann,  -3,  Herman. 
3afofr,  -3/  James. 
3^ann,  -$,  John. 
3ultu$,  -,  Julius. 
Raxl,  -8/  Charles. 
$onrab,  -$,  Conrad. 
Seonfearb,  -3,  Leonard. 
2oren$>  -en$,  Lawrence. 
Subrotg,,  -3,  Louis.   , 
Seopolb,  -3,  Leopold. 
Martin,  -3,  Martin. 
Star, -en*,       lMaximiiian. 
fWaximilian, -?,> 
SKi^ad,  -«,  Michael. 
Sflorij,  -C8$,  Maurice. 
9MfoIau8,  -,  Nicolas. 
DSfctr,  -3,  Oscar. 
9>aul,  -3,xPaul. 
g>eter,  -a,  Peter. 
StytltW,  -*»  Philip. 
SRubolp^,  -fc  Ralph. 
$td)arb,  -4,  Richard. 
sRokrt,  -3,  Robert, 
©iegmunb,  -8,  Sigismund. 
Skobor,  -$,  Theodore. 
Stomas,  -,  Thomas. 
SStftor,  -«,  Victor. 
SBaltyer,  -*,  Walter. 
2BUklm,  -4,  William. 
Sewer,  -3,  Xavier. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


293 


Feminine. 

Slbele,  -nd,  Adela. 
Slbelfyetb,  -d,  Adelaide. 
Slgatfje,  -nd,  Agatha. 
Signed,  -end,  Agnes. 
Slma'lie,  -nd,  Amelia. 
Slnna,  -d,  Anna. 
STnto'nie,  -nd,  Antoinette. 
Sluguftc,  -ltd,  Augusta. 
Slure'lte,  -nd,  Aurelia. 
Sertfa,  -d,  Bertha. 
33rtgtt'te,  -nd,  Bridget. 
(E&arlot'tc,  -nd,  Charlotte. 
(£f)rijhvne,  -nd,  Christina, 
©orotlje'e,  -nd,  Dorothea. 
(Eleono're,  -ltd,  Eleonora. 
©life,  -ltd,  Eliza. 
(£Ii'faktl),  -d,  Elizabeth. 
Smi'lte,  -ltd,  Emily. 
Smnta,  -d,  Emma, 
(grnefti'ne,  -ltd,  Ernestine. 
(£uge'nie,  -ltd,  Eugenia, 
ftrangid'fa,  -d,  Frances. 
$rtebert'fe,  -ltd,  Frederica. 
©eorgt'ne,  -ltd,  Georgina. 
©crtrttb,  -d,  Gertrude. 


£ebftug,  -d,  Edvviga. 
£ete'ne,  -nd,  Helena. 
£etmet'te,  -ltd,  Henrietta. 
Sfabet'Ia,  -d,  Isabella. 
3ofyatt'tta,  -d,  Johanna. 
Sofeplu'ne,  -nd,  Josephine. 
Suite,  -nd,  Julia, 
^atljart'ne,  -nd,  Catharine, 
ilarolt'ne,  -nd,  Caroline. 
Ceono're,  -nd,  Leonora. 
Sucte,  -nd,  Lucy. 
Sut'fe,  -nd,  Louisa. 
Sttargare'te,  -nd,  Margareta, 
Wlavk,  -nd,  Mary. 
SWctrtK  -d,  Martha. 
fWatyit'fcc,  -nd,  Matilda 
Stttna,  -d, 
SBtlljelmt'ne,  -nd 
gjautt'ne,  -nd,  Pauline. 
g^tltppt'ne,  -nd,  Philippa. 
9tofa,  -d,  Rosa. 
Stofa'lie,  -nd,  Rosalia. 
<Sop^ie,  -nd,  Sophia. 
(Sufan'ne,  -nd,  Susannah. 
£f)ere'fe,  -nd,  Theresa. 
SBde'rte,  -nd,  Valeria. 


>Wilhelmina. 


THE  MOST   COMMON  ABBREVIATIONS. 


a.  a.  0. 

am  angefitfjrten  Drte, 

at  the  place  mentioned 

9l6fi$n. 

2lfrfd)mft, 

section. 

a.  H. 

an  ber  (Dber,  (Stnd,  jc), 

on  the  (Oder,  Ems,  &c.) 

a.  Wt.  or  a/fBt. 

am  5D?atn, 

on  the  Main. 

9lnm.  or 

5lnmcrf. 

Slnmerfung, 

remark. 

5lntto. 

Stntttort, 

answer. 

51.2. 

Silted  Sejlament, 

Old  Testament. 

9lufl. 

Sluflag*, 

edition. 

Qtugg. 

Sludcafce, 

edition. 

au$g. 

audgenommen, 

except. 

fief. 

fcefonberd, 

especially. 

^y* 

ABBREVIATIONS, 

<£t.  or  (£tr.  or  (Ecntn. 

Genrner, 

hundred  pounds. 

ta\. 

bafelfcjr, 

at  that  place. 

$.  or  £r.  or  $ott. 

£)octor, 

Doctor. 

M- 

(Xt6  ^Ctpt, 

that  means,  i.  e. 

fc.  @r. 

bcr  ©rope, 

the  Great. 

fc.  t. 

baa  i% 

i.  e.  or  that  is. 

*.3. 

be$  3af>re3, 

of  this  year. 

fc.  2R. 

bed  donated, 

of  this  month. 

b. ». 

ber  Serf  after, 

the  author. 

in. 

(S&angelium, 

Gospel. 

em. 

(guerorguretSttaj./Jc.), 

your  (Majesty,  &c). 

f.  or  forg. 

folgenb  or  folgenbe, 

the  following. 

f. 

©ulben, 

florin  (about  40  cents). 

Sortf. 

ftortfcfcung, 

continuation. 

fr. 

franco, 

post-paid. 

»r. 

%rau, 

Mrs. 

ftrto'or. 

$riebrtd)3b1or, 

Frederick  d'or  (ahout  $4). 

3Mr. 

$reil?err, 

baronet,  baron. 

ge&. 

gefcoren, 

born. 

geogr.  93. 

geograpr)ifct)e  Sreite, 

latitude. 

gefl. 

geftorBen* 

died,  deceased,  late. 

©r. 

©rofcfyett, 

Groschen  (about  2  cents). 

&r. 

£err, 

Mr. 

£rtt. 

{torn, 

Mr.  or  Messrs. 

$.e. 

£eiUge  Shrift, 

Holy  Scriptures. 

^tttf.  or  aaifcrl. 

tfatferticr;, 

imperial. 

£aj>. 

flapttel, 

chapter. 

Mat!),  ii. 

$at&oitfdje  $trd)e, 

Catholic  Church. 

$bn.  or  tonigl. 

itorugUd), 

royal. 

£.£. 

$aiferltdj*f5mgtidj, 

imperial  and  royal. 

flrj. 

$reu$er, 

Kreutzer  (about  6  mills). 

I.  2R.  or  lauf.  Ml. 

Iaufenbcn  SSflonateS, 

in  the  current  month. 

«. 

SWajeftat, 

Majesty. 

OKfcr.  or  2>tfcrj)t. 

SKanufcript, 

manuscript. 

91. 

Sftorbert, 

north. 

9to.  or  9lr.  or  9fro. 

Sftumero,  Summer, 

number. 

nbrUL  ». 

norbltdje  33rette, 

northern  latitude. 

SRgr. 

SReugrofdjen, 

Neugroschen  (about  2|  cts.), 

<R.  5. 

#a$farift, 

postscript. 

01.2:. 

SfteueS  Seframenr, 

New  Testament. 

n.  ®f)r. 

nad)  £$rtftt  (d^rifto 
or  (£t)rijru3), 

after  Christ. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 


295 


Often, 

ober, 

Dftrab, 

^Pfennig, 

9)rofeffur, 

$rotejtanttf<I)e  ttrcfye, 

IQuabrat*8fufj, 

Quabrat^eile, 

(Quabrat^ofl, 

SRecenfent, 

9ieidj3tl)aler, 

©eite, 

<5iiben, 

fie^e, 

fiibltdje  33rette, 

fogenannt, 

©U&ergrofdjen, 

feltg, 

Stunbc, 

(Saner, 

Sfceil, 

Scaler, 

unb, 

unb  anbere  raetjr, 

unb  bergletdjen  meljr, 

unb  fo  fort, 

unb  fo  mefjr, 

unb  fo  wetter, 

unb  mele  2lnbere, 

2kr<3, 

»on, 

33erfaffer, 

ttergteid)e, 

son  often, 

»or  GfrifK  (Sljrifto  or  <E$riftu«), 

33orrebe, 

son  unten,  . 

SSetfen, 

3eite, 

jum  Setfpiet, 


East, 
or. 

pound. 

pfennig  (about  £  of  a  cent), 
professor. 

Protestant  Church- 
square  foot, 
square  mile, 
square  inch, 
reviewer. 
Rixdollar. 
page, 
south, 
see  or  vide, 
south  latitude, 
so-called. 

Silbergroscheu  (about2^cts.). 
deceased, 
about  2  }j  miles. 
Saint, 
part. 

dollar  (about  70  cents), 
and. 

&c,  farther, 
and  similar  instances. 

and  many  others. 

verse. 

of,  from. 

author. 

compare. 

from  above. 

before  Christ. 

preface. 

from  below. 

west. 

line. 

for  example. 


AAsisl- 


READING    LESSONS. 


Berlin  ijt  bie  £auptjtabr  bed  ^onigreid^d1  ^)reu§en  unb  beg 
$ai[erretd)d  *  1)eut[d)(anb.  (Sd  liegt  in  etner  fanbtgen,  ftcflen^ 
toeife  fumpftgen  G.beue  auf  beiben  <8eiten  ber  ©pree.  £)ie  fcfoonfte 
©rrage  in  9$erlm  jmp  t>ie  „2tnben."  £)iefe  ©rrage  ifl  72  <5d)ritt 
breit  unb  1,600  <3d)ritr2  lang.  <5ie  ifl  mit  jaf)lreid)en  $ala  jfcn 
rtefd)miidt  unt)  voirb  fcon  cincr  »ierfacfeen  23aumrcit)e  bimfyogen.8 
2)ie  ©efammtlange  after  Berliner4  ©rragen  mirb  anf  3'6  bcutfdje 
2fteilen  (b.  t.  144  englifdje  geograpf)ifd)e  5J?eilen)  bercd)net  5) ad 
foniglidje  ©djlofj  in  Berlin  bilbet  ein  langlicfyed  SMered  »on 
626  gu§  Sange  unb  323  $u§  23reite.  £>er  San  umfd)ltejH3 
600  (gale  wnb  ©emacfyer.  3n  bcr  ©ammhmg  fyiftorifdjer  T)enf* 
maler  befinbet  fid)5  bad  Sftobett  einer  SBinbmiihle,  n>el$ed  $eter 
ber  ©roge  felbjt6  tterferrigre,  roafyrenb7  er  atd8  Qxmmtxmann  in 
£oUanb  arbeitete.  5Dfe  foniglidje  SBibltotyef  beff^t  iiber  500,000 
23anbe  nebjr  einem  reidjen  <&$a$  son  Jpanbfd)riften,  £anbfarren, 
unb  alteren  muftfaltfcfyen  SBerfen.  SBerTin  n?ar  ujfprungltdj  ein 
gifdjerborf.  93ei  bem  $obe  griebridj  SMffyetm,  bed  ©rogen  $ur= 
fiirflen,  im  3a^re  1688  tyatte  Berlin  nnr  20,000  (Eintooftner. 
%W  griebrid)  ber  ©roge  ftarb  (im  Safire  1786)  gatyfte  bie  ©rabt 
iibev  145,000  (Einrcotwer.  23ei  bem  £obe  ^riebrid)  2Btfl)elm  III. 
im  3a()re  1840  belief  fid)9  tyre  (Einmofcner^tyl  auf  330,000. 
©egemvartig  fyat  Berlin  an  900,000  Gimuityner. 

1  17.  9.  (The  first  of  two  numbers  refers  to  Lesson  ;  the  second,  to 
a  division  of  the  same  Lesson.)  —  2  14.  5.  —  3  42.  3.  —  *  22.  5.  — 6  43.  5. 
—  5  25.  8.  — 7  15.  8.  —  8  46.  6.— 9  43.  1. 


READING   LESSONS.  297 


II. 


9flundjen,  bie  £anptftabt  bes  $6nigreid)3  33aiertt,  erne  bet 
grojjten  ©tabte  Dentfd)Ianb3,  tiegt  in  einer  ©bene  am  Union  Ufer 
ber  3far.  3m  gwolften  3afyrfynnbert  beftimmte  £>einrid)  ber  Sotue, 
ber  bamalige1  £er3og  son  53aiern,  bie  ®egenb,  in  ber  9Jtnnd)en 
je{3t  ftefyt  gn  einer  Sftieberlage  fitr  baa  (3al$  au$  ben  23ergnjer* 
fen  yon  3^etd)enl)aU  nnb  ^>atle*  9ftel)rere  $?ond)e  fiebelten  ftd) 
bei  biefer  ©algmeberfage  an2  unb  ber  tyiafy  nmrbe  besfyalb  „23et 
ben  s3ftond)en"  nnb  fpater  „TCnd)en"  genannt  3»t  breigefynten 
3a()rfynnbert  wax  9Mnd)en  ein  Heine$  £)orf.  £)te  $reife  ber 
9}af)rnng0imtte(,  welcfye  nod?  jc£t  in  9)innd)en  siet  btfliger  ftnb, 
aU  in  anberen  grogen  ©tabten,  tvaren  gn  jener  3e^  flu§er* 
orbent(td)  niebrig.  <So  loftete  ein  ©cfyeffel  SBeijen  80-90  $>fen* 
nige  (b»  f.  16 -'18  Senttf),  ein  ©d)effe(  $om  60  $fennige 
(b.  i.  12  Gents),  ein  $funb  ^inbfletfd)  1  pfennig  (b.  i.  ±  Sent), 
ein  2-amm  8  ^fennige  (b.  i.  If  Gents),  ein  $ul)n  2  spfennige 
(b.  i.  f  Gents),  10  Gier  1  pfennig  (b.  i.  |  Gent),  n.  f.  f.  3m 
3afyre  1864  fyatte  9ftitnd)en,  beffen  Ginwobncrgat)!  ftd)  im  3al)*e 
1812  anf  40,000  belief,  167,000  £imi?ot)ner.  ®ie  ©tabt  9Mn* 
d)en  ift  mit  ^afylreidjen,  l)err(id)en  ©ebdnben  gefd)mitdt  (^inalotfyel, 
©fyptotfyel,  9flnl)me^at(e,  n.  $.  a.).  SDi«  ©ematbefammhtng  ber 
aften  $inalott)el  befte^t  and  mefyr,  aU  1400  ber  beften  Berle  in* 
nnb  anstanbifdjer  9fleifter* 


III.  $er  §uip  unb  bie  (Uanfe. 

£>cr  i$u&}$  lam  einmal8  anf  eine  SBiefe,  too  eine  £erbe  fefyoner  fet* 
tcr  ©dnfe  fag ;  ba  Iad)te  er  nnb  fpradj,  „id)  lomme4  \a  ttne  gernfcn, 
i|t  ftfct  ()ii6fd)  beifammen,  fo  lann  id)  eine  nadj  ber  anbern  auf= 
fvcffcn."  Die  ©anfe  gacfertcn  *>or  ©djretfen,  fprangen  auf,5  ftngen 
an5  git  jammern  nnb  lldglid)  unt  i()r  2eben  $n  bitten.  1)cr  5ud)# 
aber  ivotlte  anf  9Zid)tS  fyoren  nnb  fpradj,  „ba  ift  leine  ©nabe,  ifyr 

1  22.  7.  —  2  42.  2.  and  43.  I.  —  8  23.  5.  —  4  10.  2.  —  5  42.  2. 


298  READING    LESSONS. 

miijjt  fterben."  (SttfcUds  uafym  ftdj  eitte  bad  £er$  unb  fagte,  ^foUen1 
mir  armen  ®anfe  bod)  cinmal2  unfcr  jung3  frtfd)3  £eben  laffen,  fo 
erjetge  un3  bie  etngtge  ©nabe  imb  erlaube  «n^  nodj  ein  ©ebet, 
bamit  wir  nid)t  in  unfcren  ©itnben  fterben ;  fyernad)  molten  »tr 
IM6  and)  in  einc  Sfteifye  ftetfen,  bamit  bit  btr  immer  bte  fettefte  aues* 
fu'djen  fannft."  „3<V'  fagtc  ber  gnd)^,  „ba3  ift  bi(Hg,  nnb  ift  cine 
fromme  S3ttte ;  betet,  id)  toifl  fo  lange  marten."  glfo  ftncj  bte  erfte 
ein  red)t  fangeS  ©ebet  an,4  immer  „ga !  ga !"  unb  meil  fie  gar  md)t 
anffyoren  motfte,  martete  bie  jmeite  utd)t,  bii5  bic  9teibe  an  fie  lam,5 
fonbern  ftng  aud)  an  „ga !  ga !"  Die  britte  nnb  t>ierte  folgten  tfyr, 
nnb  balb  gaderten  fte  atle  gnfammen.  Unb  menu  fte  auSgebctet 
Ijaben,  foil  bag  9flaf)rd)en  meiter  erjafytt  merben;  fte  UUn  aber 

aliemeile  nod)  immer  fort 

2Iu3  ©rtmm13  Wltyxdjm. 


IV. 

Unter  ben  SMdjtern  ber  beutfdjen  Nation  netymen  ©otfje  unb 
@d)ilfer  unftreitig  ben  erften  $ang  ein, 

3ofjann  2GoIfgang  son  ©otfye  murbe  am  28.  5htgujt  1749  ju 
granffurt  am  Sftain  geboren,  ©eine  bid)tertfd)e  53egabnng  seigre 
fid>6  fd)*n  fefyr  fritf).  2Ba>enb7  er  in  Sei^ig  ftubirte  (1765-68), 
fdjrieb  er  bie  Suftfpiele  „1)ie  2aune  be3  33erliebten"  unb  „1)ie 
9J?itfd)ulbigen."  5iber  erft  burd)  feinen  „©oi3  tton  23erlid)tngen" 
lenfte  er  bie  Sfufmerffamfeit  Deutfcblanbs  auf  fid).  Unter  feinen 
gal)treid)en  bramatifdjen  SBerfen  fteX>en  t>oran4:  „3pfyigenie.,"  „$or* 
quato  Saffo,"  „(Egmont,"  sor  aflem  aber  fetn  „$auft."  ©cine 
Montane  („2eiben  be3  jungen  2$ertf)er,"  „2Ut3  meinem  Men. 
2Baf)d)ett  unb  Didjtung,"  „2Bal)lsermanbtfd)aften,"  u.  a.  m.) 
begritnbeten  eine  nene  Spocfye  in  biefem  3^e^e  *>er  beutfdjen 
Siteratur.  9htd)  auf  bem  ©ebiete  ber  epifefyen  £)id)tttng  („.§cr= 
maun  unb  £)orottjea")  unb  ber  Sprif  ift  ©otfye  unitbertroffen 
gebliebem  (Er  ftarb  am  22.  Mrj  1833. 
4_^^ 

1  47.  I.—2  23.  5.  — s  20.  7.  — 4  42.  2.  — 5  6.  5.— 6  43.  5.— 7  15.  8. 


READING   LESSONS.  299 

3o1jann  (Sfyrifbpfj  ^riebricfy  son  ©fitter  iiurbe  am  10.  9toem* 
feet  1759  gu  9)iarbad)  am  Sftedar  geboren.  <Btin  erfted  Urania, 
ioelcfyeS  an  bie  £>ffentlid)feit  gelangte,  „£>ie  dauber/'  tourbe  im 
3al)re  1781  in  ^ftannfyeim  aufgefitfyrt.  £>urd)  biefeS,  ttne  burd) 
tie  folgenben  £)ramen  „gie3fo"  unb  „ddbah  unb  Siebe"  hntrbe  ber 
£id)terrut)m  ©djilter'S  begriinbet.  3U  Snbe  beS  ©ommer3  1785 
begab  fid)  ©emitter  na$  £)reSben,  mo  er  bis  1787  blieb.  $iirg 
barauf  ooflenbete  er  feinen  ,/Don  SartoS."  3m  felben  3al)re 
(1787)  ging  er  nad)  SGetmar,  wo  er  gum  erften  Sftale  mit  ©otfye 
gufammentraf.  1788  ttereffeutHc^te  er  feine  „<35efcbtcc)te  beS  SIbfallS 
ber  9tteber(anbe."  3«t,^a^rc  1789  erfytelt  ©djitter,  ^auptfad)(id) 
auf  Setrieb  ©ofl&e1*,  eine  augerorbentlid)e  ^rofeffur  in  ber  p()Uo* 
fopfnfdjen  gacultat  gu  3ena.  £ier  (e^rte  er  ©efd)id)tc  unb 
2leftl)etif.  3«  ^iefe  3^^  pM  ^^e  £erauSgabe  feiner  „®efd)id)te  beS 
breijjiajafyrtgen  .ftrieges."  S)tc  beften  ©d)opfungen  ©emitter's  fat* 
len  in  bie  *Periobe  son  1795  bis  gu  (einem  £obe.  Unter  biefen 
ftnb  befonberS  bte  T)ramen  „2£aaenftein,"  „9ftaria  (Stuart,"  „£>ie 
3nngfrau  son  Orleans"  unb  „2Bitye(m  Jed/'  fowic  bie  Iortfd)en 
©ebid)te  „1)er  ©pagiergang"  unb  „$5ie  ©lode"  fyeroorgufyeben. 
„$Mt|eJra  %ett14  ift  bas  sottfommenfte  feiner  bid)terifd)en  (Bdjop* 
fungen.    (Skitter  ftarb  am  9.  Wlai  1805. 


V.  dm  $rtef  ©otlje'g  an  Santo. 

Sranffurt,  ben  9.  Sfuguj!  1797. 
Dtjne  ben  minbeften  2Jnfto§  bin  idj  fcergnitgt  unb  gefunb  nadj 
$ranffurt  gelangt  unb  iiberlegc  in  einer  rul)igen  unb  fyeiteren 
SSofynung  nun  erft,1  maS  eS  fyeifjt,  in  meincn  3al)ren  in  bie  SSert 
gu  gcben.  3«  friiberer  3e^  imponiren  unb  ttenuirren  unS  bie 
©egenftanbe  metjr,  iueii  nur  fie  nid)t  beurt^eilen,  nod)  gu  fa  mm  en* 
fa jf en  fonnen,  aber  »{f  merben  bod)  mit  t&nen  Ieid)ter  fertig,  n?cil 
nur  nur  aufnefymen,  mas  in  unfercm  2$ege  liegt,  unb  rcd)ts  unb 
linfs  ttenig  ad)ten.     ©pater  fennen  mir  bie  £}inge  mefyr,  es  in* 

1  24.  5. 


300  READING    LESSONS. 

tereffirt  una  beren1  eine  grogere  Slngaljf  unb  nrir  nntrben  uns  gar 
iibel  befmben,  ioenn  un&  nid)t  Q5emutt)3ruf)e  unb  5ftetI)obe  in  biefen 
fallen  gu  £iilfe  (amen.  3d)  Witt  sMe3,  ioas  mir  in  biefen  ad)t 
Sagen  sorgefommen,2  fo  gut  ate  nu>glid)  gurccfytftcflen,  an  granffurt 
felbft  aU  einer  ttielumfaffenben  ©tabt  meine  (Schemata  probtren 
unb  midj  bann  gu  einer  nmteren  9kife  oorbereiten. 

@el)r  merfroiirbig  ift  mir  aufgefallen,  mie  e$  eigentlid)  mit  bem 
^Publicum  einer  grofjen  ©tabt  befcbaffen  ift.  (5$  lebt  in  cittern 
beftanbigen  Saumet  oon  (Enoerben  unb  23ergefyren,  unb  ba3,  n>a$3 
roir  ©timmung  nennen,  lajjt4  fid)  n>eber  beroorbrtngen,  nod)  ttttt* 
tfyeiien.  2ltte  5>ergniigungen,  felbft  ba$  Sweater,  [often  nnr  ger= 
ftreuen,  nnb  bie  grojje  9?eignng  be$  lefenben  ^ublicums  gu  3otsr« 
naten  nnb  9iomanen  entftefyt  tben  bafyer,  roeil  jene  immer  nnb  biefe 
nteift  3erjtrennng  bringem 

3d)  glaube  fogar  eine  2Irt  oon  <&fy?u  gegen  poettfdje  $robuc= 
tionen,  ober  ioenigftens  infofern  fie  poettfc^  finb,  bemerlt  gu  fyabtn, 
bie  mir  ibm  auS  biefen  Urfacfyen  gang  natiiriid)  oorfommt.  £)ie 
3)oefte  serlangt,  fa  fte  gebietet  ©ammlung,  fte  ifolirt  ben  9)ienfd)en 
nuber  feinen  2Biflen,  fie  brangt  fid)  mieberfyolt  anf  nnb  ift  in  ber 
breitcn  2£elt  fefyr  unbequem. 

3d)  geioofyne  mid)  nnn  2lfle$,  nrie  mir  bie  ©egenftanbe  sor* 
fommen  unb  »a$  id)  iiber  fie  benfe,  aufgufdjreiben,  ofyne  bie 
genanfte  SBeobacbtung  nnb  ba$  reiffte  Urtfyeil  son  mir  gu  forbern, 
ober  and)  an  einen  funfttgen  ©cbraud)  gn  benferi.  SBenn  man 
ben  2Qeg  einmal  gang  guriitfgelegt  fyat,  fo  fann  man  mit  befferer 
Ueberftd)t  ba$  $orratf)ige  immer  nneber  aU  ©toff  gebraudjen. 

Men  ©ie  red)t  toot)!  nnb  fyalten  <Sie  fici>  ja  gefunb  uhb  oer* 
gnitgt  in  %$xem  ©artenbaufe.  ©ritgen  fte  mir5  Sfyvt  liebe  gran. 
SGenn  id)  nnr  einmat  toieber  in'3  3enaifd)e  ©d)to§  gelangen  fann, 
foil  mid)  fobalb  Wemanb  beranStrciben.  (53  ift  nnr  gut,  bag  id) 
gum  9ftufenalmanad)  ba$  9J?einige  fd)on  beigetragen  fyahe,  benn 
anf  ber  3^eife  lann  id)  fo  roenig  ^offen,  einem  ©ebtd)te,  aU  bem 
$i)onir  gu  begegnen.     ^cc^mal^  ba^  fd)bnfte  SebemoM. 

1  29.  4.  — 2  42.  2.  — 3  28.  5.  — 4  37.  12.  — 5  52.  8. 


READING    LESSONS.  301 


VI.  ©e^erjtgung. 

%&),  n?as  foil  ber1  SWenfd)  sertcmgen  ? 
3ft  ea  bejfer,  rufyig  Meiben  ? 
^(ammernt)  feft  fid)  angufyangen? 
3ft  e3  beffer,  ftcfy  gu  tretben  ? 

©otl  er  fid)  ein  £au3d)en  batten  ? 
©oil  er  unhr  3^ten  leben  ? 
©oil  er  auf  bie  gelfen  trauen  ? 
©elbft  tie  jeften  gelfen  Ubm. 

(SineS  fd>idt  ftd>2  nid)t  fur  Me! 
©e^e  jeber,  mie  er's  treibe, 
©efye  jeber,  tt>o  er  bleibe, 
Unb,  n?er8  ftefyt,  bag  er  nid)t  fatfc ! 

Soljann  SMfgattg  wit  ©ou)e. 


VII.  $er  gwnbfdju!). 

35or  feinem  Sorcengarten, 
£)as  ^ampffpiet  gu  erroartcn, 
©afj  $onia,  ^rang, 
Unb  urn  tfyn  bie  ©rofjen  ber  $rone, 
Unb  rings  auf  fyofyem  33al!one 
£)te  £)amen  in  fd)onem  ^raug. 

Unb  nne  er  nunft  mit  bem  finger, 
2luf  tfyut  fid)4  ber  roette  3tr>ina,er, 
Unb  I)tnein  mit  bebadjtigem  ©cfyritr 
Sin  Some  trttt, 

Unb  fie&t  jl$  ftumm,  a      Ui4*>    \ 

yi'inQd  inn,4 

1  14.  2.  —2  43.  3.  _  3  28.  5.  —  4  43.  5.  and  42.  2. 


302  READING    LESSONS. 


Sftit  langem  ©afyncn, 

Unb  fcfciitteU  bie  Wtymn, 

Unb  ftretft  bie  ©Iteber, 

Unb  legt  ftd)  nieber.1  dtAsJm&frv 

US  J 


Unb  ber  $6nig  rcinft  roieber, 
Da  offnet  fld)2  &ef)enb      5 
(Sin  jwcitrt  Sfyor,  '  / 

Daraug  rennt 
W\t  wifoem  ©prunge 
Sin  Siger  fyerttor. 
SQte  ber8  ben  Somen  erfdjaut, 
SBriittt  er  laur, 
©dtfSgt  mil  bent  ®$tt)ctf 
(Stnen  furdjtbarcn  9teif, 
Unb  recfet  bie  3ung,e, 

Unb  im  tfreife  fc&eu  l  ^^  t  b 

Umgefyt  er  ben  Sen, 
©rimmia,  fcfynurrenb, 
Drauf  ftrecft  er  fid)  mnrrenb 
3nr  (Seite  nieber.1 

Unb  ber  itonig  roinft  mieber, 
Da  fpeit  bag  boppelt  geoffnete  ^)an3 
3met  Seoparben  auf  einmal  an£.4  - 

Die3  ftitqen  mit  mutfyiger  .ftampffcegier  /^i/41 
2lnf  bag  Sigertfyier; 

Dag3  padt  fie  mit  feinen  grimmigen  Xafytn, 
Unb  ber  Sen  mit  ©eorufl 
ffitrttet  ft#  auf,1  ba  rctrb'g  ftittj  C 
Unb  fyerum  im  ^reig, 
Son  SRorbfit^t  tyeig, 
Sagern  fldj  bie  grautidjen  $a{3en. 


i  42.  2.  and  43.  5.  —  2  43.  5.  —  8  29.  1.  —  4  42.  2. 


READING    LESSONS. 


303 


Da  pint  tton  bes  TOans  $anb 
(Etn  £anbfd)ufy  <oon  fcfyoner  .'pant) 
Swiftel  ben  £iger  unb  ben  £eu'n  cS^tZtzu.^^J  * 
Smitten  fyinetn. 

Unb  gn  Slitter  Selorge*,  fpottenber  SBetf', 
2$enbet  fid)  graulein  .ftuniguub : 
„£err  fitter,  ift  enre  Steb'  fo  f)ei§, 
SBie  ityr  mir'S  fd)tvort  $u  jeber  ©tnnb', 
Si,  fo  fyebt  mir  ben  £anbfd)ul)  auf1!" 

Unb  ber  fitter,  in  fdmeflem  Sauf, 
(Ste{aJJ)inab  in  ben  furd)tbaren  B^inger 
Wat  feftem  ©djritte, 
Unb  au3  ber  Ungefyeuer  Sftitte 
Sftimmt  er  ben  £anbfd)nf)  mit  fecfem  ginger* 

Unb  mit  (Srftaunen  nnb  mit  ©ranen 
©even's  bie  fitter  nnb  Sbetfranen, 
Unb  getaffen  brtngt  er  ben  £anbfdmfj  jurud 
Da  fd)alit  tt)m  fein  ?ob  au&  jebem  9ftunbe, 
$ber  mit  jartlic^em  StebeSfelidf — 
(Er  tterl)ei§t  tljm  fein  nafyev  ©liicf — 
(Emppingt  U)n  graulein  ^untgunbe* 
Unb  ber  fitter  fid)  tief  serbeugenb  fpridjt: 
„Den  Dan!,  Dame,  bege^r1  id)  nid)t," 
Unb  tterlajjt  fie  jnr  fefben  ©tnnbe. 

griebricfy  ijon  ©fitter. 

VIII.  ttotSfel. 

jtennfl  bn  bas  23itb  anf  partem  ©runbe  ? 

(£$  gibt  ftd)  felbcr  2td)t  nnb  ©lans, 
(Sin  anbretf  tjfc'3  gn  jeber  ©tunbe 

Unb  immer  ift  e3  frifd)  nnb  gan$* 

1  42.  2. 


304  BEADING    LESSONS. 

3m  engften  Sftaum  ift'3  ait^gefit^ret, 

£)er  fleinfte  9ia()men  fa§t  e3  ein ; 
£)od)  afle  ©rope,  bie.  bid)  riiljrer, 

^ennfi  t>u  burd)  biefeg  SBilb  atlein* 

Unb  fannft  bu  ben  .ftrpftatl  mir  nennen  ? 

3fym  gleid)t  an  SBerrfy  lein  Gbelftein ; 
(Er  leudjtet,  ofyne  je  gu  brennen, 

£)as  gange  SBeltall  faugt  er  eim 
$)er  £immel  felbft  ift  abgemalet 

3n  feinem  munben>o(ien  SHing, 
Unb  bod)  ift,  tt>a$  er  oon  fid)  [trailer, 

9tod)  fdjoner,  al$  ma3  er  empftng. 

grtebrtc^  wit  ©fitter. 


IX.  ffiatfjfel. 

3dj  too^n'  in  einem  jkinernen  $au$, 

5) a  lieg1  id)  oerborgen  nnb  fd)Iafe ; 

£)odj  id)  trete  fyeroor,  it^  eile  t)erau$, 

©eforbert  mit  eiferner  S3affe» 

Srft  bin  id)  unfd)etnbar  unb  fdjtoadj  unb  flein, 

yjlify  fann  bein  Sltfyem  begroingen, 

Sin  9iegentropfen  fd)on  faugt  mid)  ein  ; 

2)od)  mir  n>ad)fen  im  (Siege  bie  ©djtmngem 

SQtnn  bie  macfytige  ©d)tt>efter  ftdj  gu  mir  gefeflt, 

(Srtoadjf  id)  gum  furdjtbaren  ©ebieter  ber  SBelt. 

^riebrid)  wn  (Scfytfler, 


9tod)  afynt  man  faum  ber  (Sonne  Stdjt, 
Sftodj  ftnb  bie  9ftorgeng(oden  nid)t 
3m  ftnftern  Xfyal  erltungen,     . 


READING   LESSONS.  305 

SSte  jtifl  be$  SBctlbeS  wetter  3ftcmm  ! 
£)ie  25oglein  gnntfdjern  nur  iin  Sraum, 
$ein  @ang  t)at  ftd)  erfdjwmtgetu 

3$  ^aV  mid)  langji  tn's  $elb  getnadjt 
Unb  fyafce  fd)ou  bte$  £ieb  erbacfyr, 
Unb  fyaV  e$  laut  gefungem 

3o$ftim  Subttrig  U$fanb. 


XI.  ^orBaroffao 

2)er  atte  Sar&arojfa, 
$)er  ^atfer  griebericfj, 
3m  untertrb'ftfjen  <SdjIoj[e 
£alt  er  ttergaufcert  (t$, 

Sr  ift  niemals  geflorfcen, 
(£r  lebt  barin  nod)  je|t; 
@r  X;at  im  @d)lo§  serfcorgen 
3um  ©<§laf  ffc6>  f)tngefej3k 

(£r  tjat  fyinafcgenommen 
£)e$  !Reic^e^  £errlid)feit, 
Unb  nurb  etnft  aueberfommen 
9ftit  ityr  3U  feiner  3ett* 

£)er  ©rnfyl  tfl  elfenfceinern, 
SDaranf  ber  ^aifer  ftfct ; 
$)er  £ifd)  ift  ntarmelfietnern, 
SBorauf  fcin  £anpt  er  fliifct. 

©ein  23art  ift  nicbt  son  gladjfe, 
(5r  \\t  bon  $ener$glut{), 
3ft  bnrd)  ben  £ifd>  genmdjfen, 
SBoranf  fein  ^inn  *»t$mf)r* 


r 


306  READING   LESSONS. 

Gr  nidt,  aU  wie  tm  Sranme, 
(Sein  2lng'  fyalb  offen  jwinft ; 
Unb  je  nad)  langem  3ftaume 
Sr  einem  ^naben  winft. 

(5r  fpridjt  tm  @d)Iaf  jum  .ftnaben, 
„@W  ^tn  sor'S  ©djlog,  o  3wcrg, 
Unb  ftetj,  ob  nod)  tic  9labcn 
#erfliegen  urn  ben  23erg ! 

Unb  ttjcnn  bie  alten  5?abcn 
9Jod)  fliegen  immerbar, 
<So  mng  id)  andj  nod)  fdjlafen 
SScrjauDcrt  Jjnnbert  3af)t»" 


gfrtebrtdj  fRMtxL 


XH.  $te  fedjg  SBortfeitt. 

©edjs  SBorttetn  neljmen  mtdj  in  ^tnfprndj  jebcn  £ag, 
3d)  foCC,  tdj  mug,  td)  fann,  tdj  mitt,  id)  barf,  tdj  mag. 

3$  foil,  ijt  bas  ®efe£,  <oon  ©ott  tn^  £er$  gefdjrieben, 
£>a$  3i^  «^^  weld)em  id)  bin  son  mir  felbft  getrieben* 
3d)  mn£,  bas1  ift  bie  ©djranf,  in  weldjer  midj  btc  2Mt 
25on  ciner,  bic  9tatnr  son  anbrer  (Scite  fyaft. 
3d)  fann,  bad1  ift  bas  9ftaa§  ber  mir  tterlietj'nen  $raft, 
£>er  tyat,  ber  gertigfeir,  ber  tf  unjl,  ber  SStjfenfdjaft 
3d)  will,  bic  t)od)fte  ^ron1  ift  biefe^,1  bie2  mid)  fdjmitdr, 
£>er  greitjeit  <SiegeT,  ba3  mein  ©cift  fid)  aufgebritdt.3 
3d)  barf,  bag  ift  sngteid)  bic  3nfd)rift  bet  bent  ©iegcl, 
33eim  anfgettjanen3  Xfyox  ber  Breiljeit  aucb  ein  Spiegel. 
36  mag,  bas  enbttd)  ift,  voad  gwifdjen  atten  fd)wimmt, 
(Sin  UnbefUmmteS,  ba$2  ber  2htgenbltd  befttmmt 

i  29.  6.  — 2  27.  1.  — 8  42.  2. 


READING    LESSON'S.  307 

3dj  fott,  id)  mu&  i#)  faun,  id)  »ttf,  tdj  barf,  tdj  mag, 
Die1  8ed)fe  nefymen  mid)  in  2tnfprud)  jeben  £ag, 
Sftur  wemi  bit  jtets  mid)  fefjrjr,  ir>etfj  id),  \x>a$  jeben  Jag 
3d)  foil,  id)  muf,  id)  fann,  id)  will,  icfy  barf,  id)  mag, 

Sriebrid)  SJtuifert. 

yU+r  ?k*r*<s£4  jM^+rtt^*  ***** 

XIII.  2)tt§  ©emitter. 

Uratjne,  ©rojjmutter,  Gutter  unb  $inb 
3n  bumpfer  ©tube  betfammen  ftnb  ; 
@3  fpietet  ba$  $tnb,  bie  Gutter  ftd)  fd)mudt, 
©rof^mutter  fpinnet,  Urafyne  gcbitdt 
<5tj3t  Winter  bent  Dfen  im  $fitf)t.  — 
2Bao2  wefyen  bie  Sitfte  fo  fd)mit( ! 

Da3  $tnb  fprtdjt :  „9ftorgen  ijTa  getertag, 
2Ste  and  id)  fpteten  im  gritnen  £ag, 
2£ie  mill  id)  fpringen  burd)  £fyat  unb  §ty% 
2Bie  mitt  id)  pflttden  ttiet  SBIumen  fdjim  ; 
Dent  5lnger,  bem  bin  idj  fyolb !"  — 
£b'rt  t$V$,  n>ie  ber  Conner  grotft  ? 

Die  Gutter  fprtdjt:  „9ttorgen  iff  3  ^eiertag, 
Da  fatten  wir  Mt  frofytid)  ©etag, 
3d)  fetber,  id)  rttfte  mein  geierffeib ; 
Das  Seben,  e$3  fyat  aud)  £uft  nad)  2etb, 
Dann  fd)cint  bie  (Sonne,  iuie  ©olb  I"  — 
£ort  U)r'£,  nrie  ber  Donner  grollt? 

©rognuttter  fpricfyt :  „9ftorgen  i(T$  geiertag, 

©rojjmurter  l)at  fetnen  geiertag, 

©ie  fodjet  ba$  $M)t,  fte  fpinnet  bad  tfletb, 

1  29.  1.  —  2  28.  7.  — 3  25.  4. 


308  READING   LESSONS. 

2)06  Sefcen  ift  ©org'  nnb  met  Arbeit ; 
2Bo()l  **»,  t-er  tt)ar,  \va$  et  foflt'  !"  — 
£5rt  i()r^,  nne  ber  Conner  groUt  ? 

Uratjne  fpridjt :  „9ftorgen  \\V$  geiertag, 
2lm  Uebften  morgen  id)  fterben  mag ; 
3*  fann  nidbt  ftngen  nnb  fdjergctt  mefyr, 
3d)  fann  nid)t  forgen  nnb  fdniffen  fcfytver, 
SBa*1  tl)u'  id)  nod)  anf  ber  SBelt  ?"  — 
©e$i  U)r,  »ie  ber  23Ufc  bort  faflt  ? 

<5te  fyoren'S  nid)t,  fte  fefyen'S  nidjt, 
(£3  flammet  bie  ©tnk,  line  (anter  Sid)t : 
Urafyne,  ®ro§mutter,  9ftntter  nnb  Jrttnb 
25om  ©traijl  mit  einanber  getroffen  ftnb, 
2Mer  Seben  enbct  ein  @d)lag  — 

Unb  morgen  i|V3  geterrag. 

©ufhw  <S(^wa5. 


XIV.  $a$  ©rati  tm  ©ufcnto. 

Sftadjtlid)  am  23ufento  lispetn  bei  Sofenaa  bnmpfe  Sieber, 
$n$  ben  SBajfern  fdjattt  e3  Slntmort  nnb  in  SMrbeln  flingt  e3 
ttrieber ! 

Unb  ben  $In§  fyinanf,  bjinnnter,  gietj'n  bie  ©fatten  tapfrer  ©otfyen, 
5)ie  ben  SUarid)  beweinen,  ifyreS  23otfe3  beften  Sobtem 

M^ufrut)  nnb  fern  ber  £eimattj  mngten  tjfer  fte  tbn  begraben, 
SBafyrenb  nod)  bie  3ngenbloden  feme  ©d)nfter  blonb  nmgaben, 

Unb  am  Ufer  beS  33nfento  reit)ten  fie  ftdj  nm  bie  SBette, 
Urn  bie  ©tromnng  a^nleiten,  grnben  fte  ein  frifcfecd  23ette, 

1  28.  7. 


READING    LESSONS.  309 

3n  ber  toogenfeeren  £6()luttg  nmfylten  fie  empor  bie  (Srbe, 
(Senlten  tief  fyineitt  ben  2eid)nam,  mit  ber  9ttiftung,  auf  bem  $ferbe* 

£>edten  bann  mit  Srbe  toieber  ifjn  unb  feine  ftolje  ^abe, 
2)a§  bie  fyofyen  ©tromgeiuad)fe  ivud)fert  auf  bem  ipelbengraoe* 

SIbgefenft  gum  gtoetten  %flaU,  ttarb  ber  glug  fterbeigcjogen  ; 
9ftad)tig  in  ifyr  alte$  23ette  fd)dumten  bie  23ufentoioogem 

Unb  e$  fang  ein  (£|or  son  9flannern:  ^vSd^faf'  in  beinen  £elben= 

efyren ! 
$eine$  9tomer3  fcfynobe  £abfudjt  foil  bir  je  bein  ©rat)  »erfetyren  I" 

(Sangen^  unb  bie  Sobgefange  tonten  fort  im  ©otljenfyeere  j 
2Bal$e  fie,  SSufentomelle,  rcalge  fie  son  9fteer  3U  SJteere ! 

Sfoguft,  ©raf  wit  platen. 


XV.  Das  deutsche  Volk  und  seine  Sprache. 

Das  deutsche  Volk  ist  ein  Zweig  der  germanischen  Fa- 
milie  des  indo-europaischen  Volkerstammes.     Zu  diesem  indo-euro- 
Stamme  gehoren  fast  siimmtliche  Volker  Europas  und  des     vdike^ 
siidwestlichen    Asiens.      Nach   den   neuesten  Forschungen     stamm. 
zerfallen  die  Volker  des  indo-europaischen  Stammes  in  acht 
Familien,  von  denen1  zwei  die  asiatische,  die  iibrigen  sechs 
die  europaische  Gruppe  ausmachen. 

Zur  asiatischen  Gruppe  gehoren,  1.  die  indischen  und 
2.  die  iranischen  oder  persischen  Volker. 

Unter  den  Sprachen  der  indischen  Volker  nimmt  das  indische 
Sanskrit  (d.  i.  ubersetzt  "gebildet")  den  ersten  Rang  ein. 
Aus  ihm  haben  sich  die  modernen  indischen  Sprachen  ent- 
wickelt,2  unter  denen1  besonders  das  Hindi  oder  Hindui, 
die  Sprache  der  nicht  mohammedanischen  Bevolkerung,  und 
das  Hindustan,  die  Sprache  der  moslemischen  Bevolke- 
rung, hervorzuheben8  sind. 

1  27.  1.  —  2  43.  5.  _  3  42.  2.  and  10.  5. 


310 


READING    LESSONS. 


Iranische 
Familie. 


Griechische 
Familie. 


479  v.  Chr. 

bis  323  v. 

Chr. 
Italische 

Familie. 


Celtische 
Familie. 


Slawische 
Familie. 


Litauische 
Familie. 


Die  alteste  Sprache  der  iranischen  oder  persischen 
Familie  ist  das  Altbaktrische  oder  Zend.  Dies1  war  die 
Sprache  der  alten  Parsen,  in  der2  ihre  heiligen  Biicher 
''Zend-Avesta"  abgefasst3  wurden.  Ueber  das  Altper- 
sische,  einen  Zweig  derselben4  Familie,  hat  man5  erst6  vor 
Kurzem7  dureh  Entzifferung  der  achamenidischen  Keil- 
inschriften  wesentliche  Aufschliisse  erhalten.  Unter  den 
modernen  iranischen  Sprachen  verdienen  die  armenische 
und  die  neupersische  Sprache  besondere  Erwahnung. 

Zur  europaischen  Gruppe  des  indo-europaischen  Y61- 
kerstammes  gehoren,  1.  die  griechische,  2.  die  italische, 
3.  die  celtische,  4.  die  slawische,  5.  die  litauische  und 
6.  die  germanische  Familie. 

Das  griechische  Volk  spaltete  sieh8  schon  in  vorge- 
schichtlichen  Zeiten  in  verschiedene  Stiimme,  von  denen3 
jeder  einen  besonderen  Dialect  sprach.  Die  Bliithezeit  der 
griechischen  Literatur,  die  sogenannte  classische  Periode, 
begreift  den  Zeitraum  vom  Ende  der  Perserkriege  bis  zum 
TVe  Alexander  des  Grossen. 

Die  wichtigste  der  italischen  Sprachen  ist  die  lateini- 
sche.  Aus  ihm  entwickelten  sich8  wahrend  des  sechsten, 
siebten,  achten  und  neunten  Jahrhunderts  unter  der  Ein- 
wirkung  germanischer  und  celtischer  Elemente  die  romani- 
schen  Sprachen.  Die  romanischen  Sprachen  sind  :  Italie- 
nisch,  Spanisch,  Portugiesisch,  Provencalisch,  Fran- 
zbsisch  und  Rumanisch  oder  "Walachisch. 

Die  celtische  Sprache  war  fruher  die  Sprache  Galliens 
und  Britanniens.  Sie  wird  jetzt  nur  noch  an  den  aussersten 
Westenden  Europas,  in  Irland,  Hochschottland,  Wales,  auf 
der  Halbinsel  Bretagne  und  an  der  mittleren  Maas  ge- 
sprochen. 

Zur  slawischen  Familie  gehoren  die  folgenden  Sprachen: 
Czechisch,  Polnisch,  Sorbisch,  Polabisch,  Bulgarisch, 
Serbisch,  Slowenisch,  Russisch  und  Kleinrussisch. 

Die  litauische  Familie,  zu  der2  die  litauische,  lettische 
und  altpreussische  Sprache  gehoren,  ist  mit  der  slawi- 
schen nahe  vervvandt. 


1  29.  6.— 2  27.1. 
-8  43.  5. 


42.  2.  —  4  28.  1. 


15.  5. 


24.  5. 


22. 


READING    LESSONS.  3.11 

Die  germanische  Familie  umfasst  die  gothischen,  deut-  Germani- 
schen 1  und  nordischen  oder  skandinavischen  Voider.        \*ifi  a" 

Die    ausfuhrlichsten    und    glaubwiirdigsten    Nachrichten 
iiber   die  germanischen  Volker  sind  in  dem  Werke   "De 
vita,  moribus,  et  populis  Germaniae  (Ueber  das  Leben, 
die  Sitten  und  die  Volker  Deutschlands)  "  des  romischen  54  ws  circa 
Geschichtschreibers,  Cornelius  Tacitus,  erhalten.  117' 

Gegen  Ende  des  zweiten  Jahrhunderts  vor  Christus  ka- 
men  zum  ersten  Male  germanische  Volker,  die  Cimbern, 
in   Beriihrung  mit  dem  romischen   Reiche.      Ihre  ausser- 
ordentliche  Korpergrosse,  ihre  Tapferkeit  und  eigenthiim- 
liche  Kampfesweise  imponirte  den  Romern  und  flosste  ihnen 
Schrecken  ein,  so  dass  die  romischen  Heere  vernichtet  wur- 
den  und  der  Untergang  des  Reiches  bevorzustehen2  schien. 
Jedoch  wandten  sich3  die  Cimbern  selbst*  nach  der  Schlacht  105  v.  Chr. 
bei  Arausio  (dem  heutigen  Orange),  in  welcher  sie  zwei  con- 
sularische  Heere  vernichteten,  vorerst  nicht  nach  Italien, 
sondern  nach  Gallien.     Nachdem5  sie  sich  mit  den  stamm- 
verwandten  Teutonen  und  einigen  helvetischen  Stammen 
vereinigt3  hatten,  beschlossen  sie  in  zwei  gesonderten  Heer- 
haufen  nach  Italien  aufzubrechen.2     Der  eine  dieser  Heer- 
haufen  wurde  bei  Aquae  Sextioe  (dem  heutigen  Aix),  der  102  v.  chr. 
andere  auf  den  raudischen  Feldern  unweit  derMiindung  der 
Sesia  in  den  Po  von  Marius  geschlagen  und  ganzlich  auf-  101  v.  chr. 
gerieben.2     Nach  dem  ruhrnvollen  Feldzuge  Caesars  in  Gal- 
lien (Frankreich)  wurde  die  Eroberungslust  der  Romer  nach  69-51  v. 
den  germanischen  und  britischen  Landern  rege.     Augustus       hr' 
beschrtinkte  sich  darauf,6  die  Nordmarken  des  Reiches  durch  30v-  Chr- 

'  .  Ws  14  n. 

Anlogung  von  Befestigungen  und  Einfuhrung  romischer  Pro-  chr. 
vinzialeinrichtungen  gegen  die  Einfalle  der  Germanen  zu 
schiitzen.  Unter  der  Regierung  des  Domitian  wurden  die  81-96. 
Lander  des  siidwestlichen  Germanien  (Deutschland)  zwi- 
sclien  Rhein  und  Donau  durch  eine  zusammenhangende  Be- 
iestigungslinie,  die  sogenannte  Teufelsmauer,  gegen  die  An- 
griffe  der  benachbarten  Stiimme  gesichert.  Auch  in  Britan- 
nien  wurde  um  jene  Zeit  die  Herrschaft  der  Romer  durch 
die  Siege  des  Cornelius  Julius  Agricola  befestigt.     Trotz  der  78-84. 

1  deutsch,    Germanic.—2  42.    2.  — 3  43.    5.  —  *  25.    8.  — 6  15.    8. — 
e  24.  3. 


312  READING    LESSONS. 

haufigen  rauberischen  Einfalle  der  Picten  und  Scoten  blieb 
Britannien  unter  romischer  llerrschaft  bis  zum  Jahre  421. 
Im  dritten  Jahrhundert  begannen  die  Romer  dem  Andran- 
gen  der  germanischen  Volker  zu  weichen.  Sie  gaben  ihre 
Eroberungen  in  Germanien  (Deutschland)  und  bald  audi  in 
Gallien  (Frankreich)  und  Hispanien  (Spanien)  auf l  und  be- 
schrankten  sich  auf  Vertheidigung,  bis8  die  Gothen  dem 

476.  westromischen  Reiche  ein  Ende  machten. 

Um  die  Mitte  des  dritten  Jahrhunderts  verliessen  die 
Gothen  ihre  Wohnsitze  an  der  Ostsee  zwischen  Weichsel 
und  Oder.  Sie  zogen  unter  fortwahrenden  Kiimpfen  nach. 
Siiden  und  griindeten  unter  Ermanrich  urn's  Jahr  350  das 
grosse  gothische  Konigreich,  das  sich  vom  Don  bis  zur  Theiss 
und  Weichsel  und  vom  schwarzen  Meere  bis  zur  Ostsee 
erstreckte.*  Im  Jahre  369  theilte  Ermanrich  dieses  Reich  in 
ein   Ost-  und   Westgothenreich  und   herrschte   liber  beide 

376.  Theile,  bis8  der  Ein  fall  der  Hunnen  in  Europa  die  Auflosung 

der  Gothenreiche  bewirkte  und  jene  gewaltige  Bewegung, 
die  Volkerwanderung,  ihren  Anfang  nahm. 

Die  Westgothen   liessen  sich  grossentheils  unter  der 

364-378.  Herrschaft  des  Kaisers  Valens  in  Thrazien  nieder.*  Als2 
aber  durch  die  Harte  und  Habsucht  der  kaiserlichen  Beam- 
ten  eine  Hungersnoth  unter  ihnen  ausbrach,  emporten  sie 
sich6  und  verwiisteten  das  ganze  Land.      Valens  eilte  zur 

378.  Unterdriickung  des  Aufstandes  nach  Thrazien,  wurde  aber 

in  der  morderischen  Schlacht  bei  Adrianopolis  geschlagen 

379-395.  und  kam  auf  der  Flucht  urn.1  Sein  Nachfolger,  Theodosius 
der  Grosse,  wies  einem  Theile  der  Westgothen  Wohnsitze 
an1  und  liess  den  Rest  Kriegsdienste  im  romischen  Heere 

403.  nehmen.     Unter  Alarich  zogen  die  Westgothen  nach  Italien 

und   zwangen  Stilicho,   den  Feldherm  des  westromischen 

395-425.  Kaisers  Honorius,  zur  Zahlung  eines  jahrliclien  Tributes. 
Nach  dem  Tode  Stilicho's  wurde  die  Zahlung  des  Tributes 
verweigert.    In  Folge  davon  marschirte  Alarich  gegen  Rom, 

410.  eroberte  es  und  gab  es  der  Plunderung  preis.1     Nach  dem 

Tode  Alarich's  zogen  die  Westgothen  unter  Ataulf  nach. 
Siidfrankreich  und  Spanien  und  griindeten  ein  neues  west- 

i  42.  2.  —  2  15.  8.  —  3  43.  5.  —  4  42.  2.  and  43.  5.  —  5  43. 1. 


READING    LESSONS.  313 

gothisches  Konigreich,  das1  ira  Jahre  711  von  den  Arabern 
vernichtet  wurde  (Schlacht  bei  Xeres  de  la  Frontera).  Die 
Westgothen,  welche  in  Italien  zuriiekgeblieben2  waren, 
nahmen  Kriegsdienste  im  romischen  Heere.  Unter  der 
Regierung  des  Romulus  Augustulus  verlangten  die  gothi-  475-476. 
schen  Soldner  ein  Drittheil  des  Landes.  Als  ihnen  dies 
verweigert  wurde,  liess  ihr  Fiihrer  Odoaker  den  Feldherrn 
des  Kaisers  hinrichten  und  den  Kaiser  gefangen  nehmen.        476. 

Die  Ostgothen  liessen  sich  nach  Yernichtung  der  Hunnen- 
herrschaft  in  Pannonien  nieder.2  Im  Jahre  486  eroberten 
sie  unter  Theodorieh  Italien,  wo  Odoaker  den  Titel  eines 
Konigs  von  Italien  angenommen2  hatte.  Nach  dem  Tode 
Theodorich's  blieben  sie  bestiindig  im  Kriege  mit  dem  ost- 
romischen  Kaiserreiche  verwickelt  und  unterlagen  diesem 
endlich  vollstiindig.  Vicle  Gothen  nahmen  Kriegsdienste 
in  Byzanz  ;  andere  wanderten  aus2  und  der  Rest  ver- 
schwand  unter  der  ubrigen  Bevolkerung. 

Das  Christenthum,  und  zwar  die  Lehre  der  Arianer,  war 
unter  den  Gothen  schon  vor  der  Regierung  Ermanrich's  ver- 
'breitet  worden.  Bereits  im  Jahre  370  iibersetzte  Ulfilas, 
Bischof  der  Westgothen,  die  Bibel  in  die  gothische  Sprache.' 
Bruchstiicke  dieses  Werkes  und  einer  Evangelienharmonie 
sind  die  einzigen  Ueberreste  der  gothischen  Literatur.  Sie 
sind  von  unschatzbarem  Werthe  fur  uns,  da  sie  uns  den 
Reich thum  der  germanischen  Sprache,  wie  sie  in  jenen  Zei- 
ten  mit  nur  unbedeutenden  dialectischen  Abweichungen 
alien  Stammen  der  germanischen  Volkerfamilie  gemeinsam 
war,  wenn  auch  nicht  vollstandig,  so  doch  zum  grossen 
Theile  enthiillt. 

Wahrend3  die  Gothen  den  Siiden  Europas  mit  dem  Ruhme 
ihrer  WalTentliaten  erfiillten,  begannen4  auch  die  deutschen 
Volker  der  germanischen  Familie  eine  bedeutende  Rolle  in 
der  geschichtlichen  Entwicklung  Europas  zu  spielen.  Im 
dritten  Jahrhundert  bereits  treten  vier  Hauptstamme,  die 
Alemannen,  die  Baiern  oder  Bojaren,  die  Angeln  und 
Sachsen  und  die  Franken,  hervor,2  welche  wahrend  des 
dritten,  vierten  und  fiinften  Jahrhunderts  die  Herrschaft 
iiber  ganz  Deutschland,  Frankreich  und  England  errangen. 

1  27. 1.  — 2  42.  2.  — 8  15.  8.  — 4  47.  2. 


314  READING    LESSONS. 

Die  Alemannen  eroberten  das  Main-  und  Rheinland  bis 
zum  Bodensee  und  seit  dem  fiinften  Jahrhundert  Elsass  und 
die  Schweiz. 

Die  Baiern  liessen  sich  in  den  Landern  vom  Bohmerwald 
und  Fichtelgebirge  bis  zum  Etschtbale  nieder.1 

Die  Angeln  and  Sachsen  bewohnten  die  Lander  nord- 
lich  des  Thuringer  Waldes  zwischen  Rhein  und  Elbe.  Um 
die  Mitte  des  fiinften  Jahrhunderts  riefen  die  Briten,  wel- 
cben  von  Rom  aus  keine  Hiilfstruppen  mebr  gegen  die 
Picten  und  Scoten  gesandt  werden  konnten,  die  Angeln 
und  Sachsen  zu  Hiilfe.  Von  diesen  zogenvmehrere  Schaa- 
ren  nach  Britannien  und  trieben  allerdings  die  Picten  und 
Scoten  in  die  schottischen  Hochlande  zuriick,1  wandten  aber 
dann  ihre  Waffen  gegen  die  Briten.  Was2  von  diesen  nicbt 
getodtet  wurde,  fliichtete  theils  nach  Frankreich,  theils  in 
die  Gebirge  von  Wales  und  Cornwallis.  Die  Sieger  griin- 
deten  nach  und  nach  sieben  Konigreiche :  Kent,  North- 
umberland, Mercia,  Ostangeln,  Sussex,  Essex  und  Wessex. 
827.  Egbert,  Konig  von  Wessex,  vereinigte  diese  sieben  Reiche 

zu  einem  Staate,  dem  Konigreiche  England.  Seit  der  Ein- 
fuhrung  des  Christenthums  durch  Augustinus  im  sechsten 
Jahrhundert  war  das  Angelsachsische  (d.  i.  die  Sprache 
der  Eroberer)  Kirchensprache  und  im  achten  nnd  neunten 
Jahrhundert,  hauptsachlich  durch  die  erfolgreichen  Bemii- 
hungen  Alfred  des  Grossen,  Sprache  der  Literatur  gewor- 
schiachtbei  ^en.     ajs3  -m  eiften  Jahrhundert  die  Normannen  England 

Hastings 

1066.  eroberten,  wurde  das  Angelsachsische  zwar  vom  Hofe,  aus 
den  Schulen  und  aus  den  Gerichtshallen  verdrangt,  lebte 
aber  im  Volke  fort1  und  bildete  sich  unter  dem  Einflusse 
der  nordfranzosischen  Hofsprache  wahrend  des  zwolften, 
dreizehnten  und  vierzehnten  Jahrhundert  zum  Englischen 
1327-1377.  um.4  Bereits  unter  Eduard  III.  wurde  das  Englische  als 
Hof-  und  Landessprache  anerkannt. 

Die  Franken  eroberten  unter  den  Merowingern  Gallien. 

Nach  der  Absetzung  des  letzten   merovingischen  Konigs, 

751-768.      Childerich  III.,    erlangte   Pipin   der  Kurze   die  frankische 

768-814.      Konigskrone.    Sein  Sohn,  Karl  der  Grosse,  vereinigte  alle 

deutschen  Stamme  mit  Ausnahme  der  Angelsachsen,  welche 


1  42.  2.  —  2  28.  5.  —  8  15.  8.  —  4  43.  5.  and  42.  2. 


READING    LESSONS.  315 

sich  in  England  angesiedelt  hatten,  unter  seiner  Herrschaft. 
Nach  dem  Tode  Ludwig  des  Frommen  ward  das  Franken-  814-843. 
reich  unter  dessen1  Sonne  Karl,  Lothar  und  Ludwig  getheilt 
(Vertrag  zu  Verdun).  843. 

Karl  der  Kahle  erhielt  die  Lander  westlich  der  Rhone.   843-877. 
Saone  und  Maas.     Die  Bevolkerung  dieser  Lander  bestand 
aus   romischen,    germanischen    und    celtischen   Elementen, 
welche  allmahlig  zu  Einem  Volkskorper,  dem  franzosischen 
Volke,  zusammenwuchsen. 

Lothar  erhielt  Italien  mit  der  romischen  Kaiserkrone  und  843-855. 
die  Lander  zwischen  Rhone,  Saone,  Maas  und  Rhein. 

Ludwig  der  Deutsche  bekam  Ostfranken  (d.  i.  das  843-876. 
Land  ostlich  des  Rheins)  und  nach  dem  Aussterben  des 
Lothar'schen  Zweiges  der  Karolinger  auch  noch  dessen1 
Besitzungen  auf  dem  linken  Rheinufer.  Nach  Ludwig  des 
Deutschen  Tode  theilten  sich2  seine  Sohne,  Karlmann,  Lud- 
wig und  Karl  der  Dicke,  in  das  ostfrankische  Reich.  Nach 
dem  Tode  Karlmann's  und  Ludwig's  vereinigte  Karl  der 
Dicke,  nachdem8  ihm  durch  das  Aussterben  des  westfranki- 
schen  Zweiges  der  Karolinger  auch  noch  Westfranken  und 
die  romische  Kaiserkrone  zugefallen4  war,  zum  letzten  Male 
die  Reiche  Karl  des  Grossen  unter  einer  Herrschaft.  Nach  884-887. 
seiner  Absetzung  erhielt  Arnulf,  ein  natiirlicher  Sohn  Karl-  887-899. 
mann's,  die  deutsche  Konigskrone.  Nach  Arnulf's  Tode 
kam  die  Krone  auf  seinen  siebenjahrigen  Sohn  Ludwig,  mit 
dem  Beinamen  "das  Kind,"  mit  dessen6  Tode  die  Dynastie 
der  Karolinger  erlosch.  9ii. 

Der  Widerstand  der  furstlichen  Aristocratie,  deren6  Macht 
der  Krone  allmahlieh  uber  den  Kopf  gewachsen  war,  so- 
wie  die  Kampfe  mit  den  D;inen,  Slawen  und  Magyaren 
brachten  das  ostfrankische  Reich  unter  Konrad  L,  ungeach-  911-918. 
tet  dor  personliehen  Tiichtigkeit  dieses  Herrschers,  dem  Un- 
tergange  nahe.  Nach  Konrad's  Tode  erwahlten  die  deut- 
schen Fiirsten  in  Hinblick  auf  die  Gefahren,  welche  das 
Reich  von  alien  Seiten  bedrangten,  den  maehtigen  Sachsen- 
herzog  Heinrich  I.  zum  Konige,  derG  durch  die  Wiederher-  919-966. 
stellung  der  Einheit  im  Innern  und  durch  gliickliche  Kampfe 
gegen  die  ausseren  Feinde  die  Macht  des  deutschen  Reiches 

1  29.  4.  —  2  43.  5.  —  3  15.  8.  —  4  42.  2.  — 5  27.  2.  — 6  27.  1. 


316  READING    LESSONS. 

fest  begriindete.  Unter  der  Regierung  der  folgenden  K6- 
nige  aus  dem  sachsischen  Hause  und  seit  1024  aus  dem 
Hause  der  salisohen  Franken  wurde  der  Ruhm  und  die 
Grosse  des  Reiches  durch  Erwerbung  der  romischen  Kaiser- 
wiirde  und  der  Herrschaft  uber  Italien  vermehrt  und  machte 
sich  auch  in  der  innern  Entwicklung  des  deutschen  Volkes 
geltend. 

In  literarischer  Beziehung  war  bisher  nor  sehr  wenig  in 
Deutschland  geleistet  worden.  Gleiehzeitig  mit  der  zuneh- 
menden  Absonderung  der  deutschen  Stamme  in  politischer 
Beziehung  hatten  sich  auch,  da  ja  keine  massgebende  Lite- 
ratur  vorhanden  war,  die  ihnen  eigenthumlichen !  Mund- 
arten  schiirfer  ausgephigt2  und  unter  die  beiden  Haupt- 
dialecte,  den  hochdeutschen  und  den  niedcrdeutschen, 
gruppirt.3 

Die  erste  Epoche  der  hochdeutschen  Sprache  und  Litera- 

5oo-ii38.  tur,  die  althochdeutsche  Periode,  reiclit  vom  Schlusse 
der  Volkerwanderung  bis  zur  Regierung  der  Kaiser  aus  dem 
Hause  der  Hohenstaufen.  Unter  den  Producten  dieser 
Periode  verdienen  das  "  Hildebrandslied  "  und  "  Krist,"  eine 
Evangelienharmonie  des  Weissenburger  Monchs  Ottfried, 
besondere  Erwahnung.  Zur  selben  Zeit  (im  neunten  Jahr- 
hundert)  erschien  auch  eine  Evangelienharmonie,  der  uHe- 
liand,"  in  niederdeutscher  Mundart. 

1138-1522.  Die  zweite,  die  mittelhochdeutsche  Periode,  beginnt 
mit  der  Herrschaft  der  Hohenstaufen  und  endet  mit  dem 
Beginn  der  Reformation.  Die  ruhmvollen  Kriege  der  Ho- 
henstaufischen  Kaiser,  mehr  noch  die  Kreuzziige  und  das 
Aufbluhen  des  Ritterthums  erschlossen  der  leicht  erreg- 
baren  Phantasie  und  schwarmerischen  Stimmung  jener  Zeit 
durch  den  lebhaften  Verkehr  mit  den  Volkern  des  Abend- 
und  Morgenlandes  einen  unerschopflichen   StofF  fur  dich- 

i2tesund  terische  Darstellung.  Literarische  Erzeugnisse  des  zwolften 
bundert.  und  dreizehnten  Jahrhunderts,  wie4  das  "Nibelungenlied," 
die  "  Gudrun,"  die  epischen  Werke  Hartmann's  von  der 
Aue,  Gottfried's  von  Strassburg  und  Wolfram's  von  Eschen- 
bach,  und  die  lyrischen  Gedichte  Walther's  von  der  Vogel- 
weide,   Reimar  des  Alten  und  Neidhardt's  von  Reuenthal 


1  12.  9.  —  2  43.  5.  and  42.  2.  —  3  43.  5.  —  *  13.  5. 


READING    LESSONS.  317 

gehoren  unbedingt  unter  die1  besten  dichterischen  Schop- 
fungen  der  deutschen  Nation.  Mit  dem  Untergange  der 
Hohenstaufen  endete  die  glanzvolle  Epoche  dieser  Periode.  1254. 
Wahrend  des  vierzelmten  und  funfzehnten  Jahrhunderts 
richtete  sich2  das  Bestreben  der  deutschen  Konige  haupt- 
sachlich  darauf,3  die  Macht  des  hohen  Adels  zu  brechen  und 
dem  Uriwesen  der  Eitterschaft,  welche  wahrend  der  Zeit 
des  Interregnums  in  ein  Eaubritterthum  entartet  war,  ein  1254-1273. 
Ende  zu  machen.  So  kam  es.  dassdie  Dichtkunst,  von  den 
Fiirsten  und  der  Eitterschaft  vernachlassigt,  im  Biirger- 
stande  heimisch  wurde,  der*  sie  zwar  treu  und  mit  Liebe 
pflegte,  aber  doch  aus  Mangel  an  hoherem  Verstandniss, 
wie  auch  an  Zeit  zu  kiinstlerischer  Ausbildung  nur  Mittel- 
massiges  zu  Stande  zu  bringen  vermochte. 

Da  trat  im  Beginne  des  sechzehnten  Jahrhunderts  Luther  1483-1546. 
auf.5  Durch  zahlreiche  Schriften  ("  Schmalkaldische  Arti- 
kel,"  "  Sermon  von  der  Freiheit  eines  Christenmenschen," 
u.  a.  m.)  und  geistliche  Lieder  ("  Wir  glauben  all  an  einen 
Gott,"  "Eine  feste  Burg  ist  unser  Gott,"  u.  v.  a.),  mehr  aber, 
als  all  dies,  durch  die  Uebersetzung  der  Heiligen  Schrift 
wurde  Luther  der  Begriinder  der  neuhochdeutschen 
Sprache.  Er  bediente  sich  zur  Bibeliibersetzung  nicht 
eines  besonderen  Dialectes,  sondern  der  Kanzleisprache  des 
kaiserlichen  und  kurfiirstlich-sachsischen  Hofes.  Durch  un- 
ermudlichen  Fleiss  brachte  er  in  der  letzten  Ausgabe,  die  er  1545. 
selbst  besorgte,  die  Sprache  zu  einer  solchen  Vollkommen- 
heit,  dass,  obwohl  die  Niederdeutschen  noch  einige  Zeit 
einer  Uebertragung  in  ihren  Dialect  bedurften,  die  Sprache 
der  Luther'schen  Bibeliibersetzung  die  Schriftsprache  der 
deutschen  Nation  wurde. 

Nach  dem  Tode  Luther's  und  anderer  hervorragender  i7tes  Jahr- 
Geister  seiner  Zeit,  wahrend  des  dreissigjahrigen  Krieges 
(1618-1648)  und  nach  dem  westfalischen  Frieden  (1648) 
erlangte  das  Ausland,  namentlich  Frankreich,  einen  bedeu- 
tenden  Einfluss  auf  das  politische  Leben  sowohl,  wie  auch 
auf  die  Literatur  und  Sprache  der  Deutschen,  der  erst  im 
aelitzelmten  Jahrhundert  gebrochen  wurde.  Den  Beim'i-  lstesjahr- 
hungen  Gottsched's,   Adelung's  und    anderer   Schriftsteller 

1  24.  1.  —  2  43.  5.  —  3  24.  3.  —  4  27.  1.  — - 5  42.  2. 


318  READING    LESSONS. 

dieser  Epoche,  welche  in  ihren  Arbeiten  auf  grammatischem 
und  lexicographischem  Gebiete  die  Gesetze  der  deutschen 
Sprache  enthullten  und  dieselbe  von  dem  Unrathe  iiber- 
fliissiger  Fremdworter  zu  reinigen  versuchten,  und  den 
Dichtern  der  classischen  Periode  der  deutschen  Literatur 
(Klopstock,  Wieland,  Lessing,  Herder,  Go  the,  Schiller)  ver- 
dankt  die  deutsche  Sprache  die  selbstandige  Stellung,  die 
sie  gegenwartig  einninimt. 

Die  Forschungen  der  Briider  Grimm,  Lachmann's,  Beck- 
i9tea  Jahr-  er's  und  anderer  deutscher  Philologen  des  neunzelmten 
Jahrhunderts,  welche  dem  Entwicklungsgange  und  den  Ge- 
setzen  der  deutschen  Sprache  durch  Vergleichung  der  ver- 
wandten  germanischen  und  anderer  indo-europaischen 
Sprachen  mit  grossem  Erfolge  nachforschten,  begriiadeten 
in  etymologischer,  wie  in  syntactischer  Hinsicht  die  hohe 
Vollkommenheit  der  Grammatik  dieser  ganz  aus  sich  selbst 
entwickelten  Sprache,  deren  Literatur  in  den  herrlichen 
Schopfungen  der  deutschen  Nation  auf  alien  Gebiete'n 
menschlichen  Wissens  auch  dem  Auslander  sicherlich  einen 
reichen  Ersatz  f'iir  die  Muhen  des  Studiums  der  Sprache 
bietet. 


hundert. 


VOCABULARY 

FOR    THE    EXERCISES    AND    READING    LESSONS. 


Abbreviations. 

a., 

anomalous  verb. 

m., 

masculine  gender. 

Fr., 

French. 

adj., 

adjective. 

n., 

neuter  gender. 

Goth., 

Gothic 

adv. , 

adverb. 

num. 

numeral. 

Gr., 

Greek. 

all., 

allied. 

obs., 

obsolete. 

It., 

Italian. 

art., 

article. 

o.  c, 

Old  Conjugation. 

Lat., 

Latin. 

aux., 

auxiliary  verb. 

pi. 

plural. 

LG., 

Low  German. 

c, 

conjunction. 

prep., 

preposition. 

M.H.G 

,  Middle  High  German. 

Cf; 

compare  (confer). 

pron. 

pronoun. 

N.  H.  G 

,  New  High  German. 

comp 

,  comparative  degree. 

r., 

reflexive  verb. 

O.  H.  G. 

,  Old  High  German. 

/•, 

feminine  gender. 

sup., 

superlative. 

Pers., 

Persian. 

imp-. 

impersonal  verb. 

tr., 

transitive  verb. 

Sh-., 

Sanskrit. 

in/I., 

indeclinable. 

A.-S. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Sp., 

Spanish. 

int., 

interjection. 

Dan., 

Danish. 

Sw., 

Swedish. 

intr. , 

intransitive  verb. 

Eng  , 

English. 

Wend., 

Wendic. 

I.    German-English. 


«. 


tyift,  adv.  of,  off,  away. 

QlOcni),  ».  -e3,  pi.  -e,  evening ; 
{jeitte  — ,  this  evening  ;  -fattb, 
n.  -e3,  Occident. 

W6er,  c.  but. 

9l6faff,  m.  -e<3,  pi.  -fatle,  revolt. 

5l6faffCtt,  tr.  to  compose. 

9(&i)c0eit,  o.  c,  r.  to  have  inter- 
course. 


%h$tUikt,  adj.  derived. 
Qlbgrunto,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -grunbe,  abyss, 

precipice. 
9(Df)anbfungf  /.  -  pi.  -en,  treatise. 
9l6fctren,  tr.  to  turn  off  ;  derive. 
TOcnfCtt,  tr.  to  turn  off. 
Ql&mtiljeit,  tr.  to  mow  off. 
WDmafcn,  tr.  to  picture. 
3l6rctfeilr  intr.  to  depart. 


320 


G  IIRM  AN-EXGL1SH    VOCABULARY. 


9lbrct§Ctt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  pull  down. 
SlbfOjictl  nc^mcn,  to  take  leave. 

ftbfdjreiber,  m.  -5,  pi.  -,  copyist, 

transcriber. 

2tbf(f|Ufiig,  adj.  (see  L.  1.  3.),  steep. 

2ll)|Cl?Utig,  /.  -,  pi-  -en,  deposition, 
removal. 

Wbftdjf,  /.  -,pl.  -en,  intention,  pur- 
pose. 

flbfolttf,  adj.  absolute. 

ftbfonberung,  /•  -,  pi-  -en,  separa- 
tion. 

BbtDeidjttng,/.  ~pl-  -en,  variation. 
ttrcetit',  m.  -eS,  pi.  -e,  accent. 

2lccufatiD  or  Slfiafatfo,  m.  -$,pl.  -e, 

accusative. 
%()  !  t*£.  ah  !  alas  ! 
Rd)ttment'Dtftt)r  adj.  relating  to  the 

Achaemeuides  or  to  the  time  of 

the  Achaemeuides. 
Sdjtett,  tr.  to  esteem  ;  care ;  regard. 
9led)i,  adj.  genuine. 
9W er,  w.  -3,  ^?J.  3lecfer,  field  ;  acre. 
3U)cf,  w.  -3,  uobility. 
SHljectttl  or  Stojcftto,  «•  -«,  pi-  -*, 

adjective. 
Staler,  to.  -3,  .pZ.  -  eagle. 
Hbolf  or  Stootyfj,  ».  -3,  Adolphus. 
?talierb',  ™.  -3,  jt?Z.  -ten,  adverb. 
ftfylten,  tr.  and  imp.  to  anticipate. 
ftcljltlilfj,  adj.  similar. 
$Ufjrc,  /-  -  pi.  -n,  ear  of  corn. 
ftfaridj,  m.  -3,  Alaric. 
atbredjt,  77i.  -3,  Albert. 
5lId)Cmifi',  m.  -en,  jtf.  -en,  alchemist. 
SKeitttttt'tten,  ^Z.  Alemanni. 
9lfictn'r  adv.  alone. 
Sitter  (alle,  alleS),  M&  all,    every  ; 

tior  attem,  first  of  all  j  -lungs, 

adv.  indeed,  of  course  ;  -lei,  adv. 
of  all  kinds;  of  all  sorts;  -tOtQttl, 
adv.  everywhere. 
SCttetoetle,  adv.  always,  still. 


Mmafflig,  adv.  gradually. 

Mjufritt),  adv.  too  soon. 

mp,  f.  Alp  ;  llfien,  pi.  the  Alps. 

9LU,  c  than  ;  as  ;  when  ;  9li0)t&  — , 
nothing  but;  fcluOljt  —  or  ffls 
tUOijl  —  ttllttj,  as  well  as  ;  —  0&, 
as  though,  as  if  ;  —  HJie,  as  if. 

9Ufo,  adv.  consequently. 

%It,  adj.  old;  -bttftrtfdj,  adj.  Old 
Bactriau ;  -fcCUtfdj,  atf/.  old  or  an- 
cient German  ;  -Jjodj&CUtftf],  adj. 
Old  High  German  ;  -Jjerflfd),  owff. 
Old  Persian  ;  -Jircuftlfdj,  adj.  Old 
Prussian. 

2Uton',  m,  -3,  jpZ.  -e,  balcony. 

%Itertpml!Oj,  <?<#.  ancient. 

%Hl,  contraction  of  ail  &Cttl  (24.  2.). 

ftmajO'ttenjlrom,  w.  -3,  River  Ama- 
zon. 

SlltlC'rifa,  w.  -3,  America. 

%llterifo'lter,  m.  -3,  pZ.  -,  American. 

%mt,  n.  -e$,  ^Z.  Slemtfr,  office. 

&1I,  jwep.  at ;  in  ;  on  ;  to  ;  of ; 
toward  ;   near. 

9lnblt(f,  m.  -e$,  look,  sight,  view, 
aspect. 

Slniier,  adj.  other. 

ReniJern,  tr.  to  change. 

&nber$,  adv.  otherwise. 

3Cnbrongcn,  intr.  to  press  forward. 

%nerfennetl,  a.,  tr.  to  acknowledge. 

%nerfennung,  /.  -  recognition. 

Stltfttng,  m.  -e«, ^ .-fangc,  beginning. 

Rnfttngen,  0.  c,  tr.  to  begin. 

SUfangS,  a^.  at  the  beginning ; 
-budjfiabe,  m.  -n,  j>Z.  -n,  initial 
letter  ;  grofee  -bttOjfiabC,  capital 
initial. 

%tlgebcn,  0.  c,  tr.  to  give  ;  to  state. 

Rngeborett,  adj.  inborn,  natural. 

5lngcln,  pi.  Angles. 

2UflClfad)fe,  m.  -n,  pi.  -n,  Anglo- 
Saxon. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


321 


Qlngelfodjftfdj,  adj.  Anglo-Saxon. 

5ln0C1tC§1ttf  adj.  agreeable,  pleasant. 

9lttger,  ni.  -4,  pi.  -,  sward  ;  grass- 
plot. 

9ltt0ren$ett,  intr.  adjoin. 

3(ngrcnjcnilr  adj.  adjacent,  con- 
tiguous. 

Wngrtff,  m.  -t&,  pi.  -e,  attack. 

VUllljaugcn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  adhere, 
stick  to. 

Wnfjiingen,  tr.  to  add,  affix. 

9lnflagen,  tr.  to  accuse. 

Qtnfommen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  arrive. 

9ln(ooje(n  o*  anladjen,  tr.  to  smile 

upon. 
9lnlangett,  intr.  to  arrive. 
9lltfajj,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -laffe,  occasion. 
5lnfegung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  founding. 
Wnmerfung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  remark. 

9Iltmut()t0f  adj.  graceful. 
9(nna(jme,  /•  -,  acceptance. 
9lniteljmCttr    o.  c,  tr.  to  take  ;    to 

assume. 
Qlnrcfce,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  address. 
Ktlfdjltfttgeitr  tr.  to  accuse  of. 
Qlttfcljett,    o.  c,  tr.  to  look  at  ;   to 

behold. 
9lnfe(jeit,  n.  -3,  authority. 
$lnftdjt,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  view,  opinion. 
9lnftdjtig,  adj.  having  a  sight  of. 
%1tfteHelnr  r.  to  settle. 
Wltfjircdjen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  address. 
9(nfprudjr  m.  -t&,  pi.  -fprudje,  claim  ; 

in  —  nefjmen,  to  lay  claim  to. 

3llt fttttt',  prep,  instead. 

ttltfioft,  m>  -*$,  V1-  -P^'  misnaP> 

unpleasant  incident. 
5lntltJ0rtf   /•    -    pi.    -en,    answer, 

reply. 
WnDCVtrauen,  tr.  to  intrust. 
9(Utoeifenf  o.  C,  tr.  to  assign,  show, 

give. 
Wlttoenfcen,  a.,  tr.  to  use,  apply. 
21 


5lnfecnfcung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  applica- 
tion, practice. 

9lntoefeili),  adj.  present. 

5ln$tt()I,/.  -  number. 

Qljifel,  m.  -3,  pi.  Slepfet,  apple  ; 
-bttUltt,  m.  apple-tree, 

Uptito'it,  f.  -,  pi.  -n,  apricot. 

Wpxil't  m.  -3,  April. 

%tahtt,  in.  -§,  pi.  -  Arabian. 

Wrfcett,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  work,  labor. 

5trlJeiten,  intr.  to  work. 

5lt6ettcrf  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  workman, 
laborer. 

9lt6ettfttttt,  adj.  industrious,  active. 

Writt'tter,  on.  -3,  pi.  -,  Arian. 

Wrtftofrotic',  /.  -,pl.  -n,  aristocracy. 

Wrm,  «#.  poor. 

9lWt,  w.  -c3,  £>Z.  -e,  arm  ;  -fiuljf, 
arm-chair. 

tatee',  /.  -,  ?f.  -n,  army. 

WrmCmfOj,  adj.  Armenian. 
%xi,  f.  -,  pi.  -en,  kind. 
%Xt\'tt\,  w.  -3,  |>J.  -,  article. 
%X\t,  m.  -e#,  £>Z.  Slerjte,  pliysician. 
9lf0je,  /.  -  ashes. 
Qlfteit,  ».  "3,  Asia. 
Qtfitt'tiftt),  a«#.  Asiatic. 
9lefi{}e'tif ,  /.  -,  aesthetic*. 
9ltijem,  vi.  -3,  breath. 
9lt()e'tter,  m.  -3,  i?Z.  -,  Athenian. 
Mtlan'ttftf),  adj.  Atlantic. 
Wttributi'oifrf),  adj-  attributive. 
We^Cttt),  adj.  caustic. 
9U?te'fe,  *».  -n,  j&  -n,  Aztec. 
51U0J,  ft  also,  too,  even  ;  —  nittjt, 

neither  ;   fotflOljl  •  •  •   &U  — ,  as 

well  ...  as. 
5lltf,  prep,  on,  upon,  in,  at,  to,  up, 

of. 
9luf&Iuljettf  n.  -3,  efflorescence,  flo- 

rification. 
Wllffcrcdjeit,  o.  ft,  intr.  to  depart ; 

to  start. 


322 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


StufiiroilgCn,  r.  to  obtrude  one's 
self. 

ftufbrtttfen,  tr.  to  impress. 

Wufentljalt,  m.  -eS,  pi.  -e,  sojourn, 
abode. 

9tuffottctlf  o.  c,  intr.  to  strike. 

9lufforfccrn,  tr.to  summon,  invite. 

9luffort)erun0,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  sum- 
mons, invitation. 

5luffrcffC11r  o.  c,  tr.  to  devour. 

9luffii()rcn,  tr.  to  perform  ;  act. 

9lllfgo6cf/.  -,  pi.  -n,  exercise. 

Wltfflcbcil,  o.  c,  tr.  to  give  up  ;  re- 
sign. 

5lltf0C^CItr  o.  c,  intr.  to  rise. 

5luff)e&en,  o.  c,  tr.  to  pick  up. 

9lufljbrcn,  intr.  to  cease. 

2lllfldfcn,  r.  to  dissolve. 

9luflbfung,/.  -,pl.  -en,  dissolution. 

9(ufmcrffom,  attentive. 

ttufmerf ftttttfeit,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  atten- 
tion. 

9lufnc{jmen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  take  up, 
receive. 

Wufrei&eit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  extirpate. 

9lufrt(fjtenf  r.  to  rise. 

Sluffttfc,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -fafce,  essay, 
sketch. 

9tuffd)lu&,  m.  -eS,  pi.  -ftylfiffe,  ex- 
planation. 

ftuffdjiteifcen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  cut  open. 

Sluffdjrciben,  o.  c,  tr.  to  write  down, 
note. 

ftuffdjtoltng,  m.  -eS,  jrf.  -fc&ttunge, 
elevation. 

5luffjietdjern,  Jr.  to  garner. 

Stuff Jirtngett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  spring, 
start  up. 

5tufftttni),  m.  -ed,  pi.  -ftanbe,  insur- 
rection. 

9lttftI)Ultf  a.,  tr.  and  r.  to  open. 

5luftt)ad)fett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  grow 
up. 


51U0C,  n.  -3,  pi.  -n,  eye  j  -tt&ntf,  m. 
-e3,  pi.  -e,  moment  ;  -nolitflttf}, 
adv.  instantly. 

3lu$,  |»iep.  out  of,  from,  of. 

9lUgar6eiten,  fe*.  to  compose,  elabo- 
rate. 

SlUgfietett,  intr.  to  finish  praying. 

3(U06t(bung,  /  -,  cultivation,  ac- 
complishment. 

9(U0Orcd)Cn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  come  out. 

5luS&ref(f)e!t,  o.  c,  tr.  to  thrash. 

9lU§lirurfenf  £r.  to  express*. 

Wus&riitflicf),  adj.  express. 

5lu§&iinfitun0,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  exhala- 
tion. 

5(u0ciltoni)Cr,  adv.  asunder. 

9llt£f often,  o.  c,  intr.  to  fall  out. 

9lu$flug,  m.  -eS,  pi.  -fluge,  excur- 
sion j  cinen  —  madjett,  to  take  a 

trip. 

5lU§fu()ren,  &».  to  finish,  carry  out, 
accomplish. 

9lllgfu(jr(idj,  adj.  full,  detailed. 

WltgfiiljrunjJ,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  arrange- 
ment. 

9(ltggeorcttet,  adj.  extensive. 

9lU#fJC()Clt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  go  out. 

WuggctlOmmett,  adv.  except. 

SlU^gejCtdJltCt,  nrf/.  excellent. 

Mttgfunft,  /.  -,  information. 

SlltSfanft,  n.  -t$,  foreign  country. 

5llt§Ian&er,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  foreigner. 

9lugtttnfetfd|,  adj.  foreign. 

QluSfouf,  m.  -e3,  _pZ.  -e,  projecture. 

9lugmac(jen,  «r.  to  constitute. 

9Ut§na(jmc,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  exception. 

9lu3J)ragen,  tr.  to  coin  ;  to  stamp 
distinctly. 

Qlngretfeen,  o.  c,  Jr.  to  tear  out. 

$ltt£ntljen,  intr.  to  rest,  repose. 

%Vl§tX,prep.  besides,  beside  ;  -(jail), 
prep,  out  of ;  -or'^Ctttlil^,  adj.  ex- 
traordinary. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


323 


9leufeerf  adj.  outward  ;  fca$  -t,  out- 
side ;  exterior. 

5leufeerf5t,  adj.  extreme. 

2llt§ftOJt,  /•  -,  pi.  -en,  prospect,  out- 
look. 

9litgfjietett,  o.  c,  tr.  to  spit  out, 

eject. 
SlttgftltfcCtt,  tr.  to  point. 


$!Cu$fJ)redjCttf  o.  c,  tr.  to  pronounce. 
$llt£ftcrucit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  become 

extinct. 
2lt!0MCtt,  o.  c,  ft*,  to  omit. 
9llt§flt0jeit,  fr*.  to  select. 
9ltt8taitfajett,  tr.  to  interchange. 
5lltgUDCtt,  *r.  to  practice. 
WuStUttttiiertt,  intr.  to  emigrate. 


|,  to.  -e3,  ^.  23ad)e,  brook. 

forfeit,  o.  ft,  tr.  to  bake. 

Stttfer,  to.  -3,  ^.  -  baker. 

SaDepfi,  to.  -c$,  jtf.  -gSfo  guest  at 
a  watering-place. 

SBatSCOVt,  to.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  watering- 
place. 

SaJjttljof,  to.  -e«,  ^?Z.  -fc&ft,  railroad 
depot. 

83aier,  m.  -tt,  pi.  -tt,  Bavarian. 

Stttertt,  ».  -3,  Bavaria. 

Salt),  a^v.  soon  ;  —  ...  — ,  now 
.  .  .  now. 

SBttlfcil,  to.  -3,  pi.  -,  beam. 

SttfcOlt',  «*.  -$>,pl.  -t,  balcony. 

Sail,  w.  -e«,  jt?Z..  Me,  ball. 

93 and,  ».  -e#,  pi.  Sanber,  ribbon, 
band. 

Sant),  m.  -z%,  pi.  23cinbe,  volume. 

SdtldtQCIt,  tr.  to  tame,  restrain. 

Sttnf ,  /.  -,  pi.  Sanfe,  bench. 

93ttnfier',  to.  -3,  ^.  -3,  banker. 

SanfltOtC,/.  -,_to\  -n,  bank-note. 

S3ar,  «#.  bare,  destitute. 

33orboi'Offa,  to.  -8,  Barbarossa;  Red 
Beard. 

Sin*,  to.  -en,  ^.  -en,  bear. 

Sort,  to.  -e3,  ^Z.  33&rte,  beard. 

S3attt'Uicr,  to.  -8,  pi.  -,  Batavian. 


Salt,  to.  -e$,  ^Z.  -e  emd  Sautett, 
building;  -fttfltg,  adj.  liable  to 
fall,  out  of  repair  ;  -fltttft,  /.  -, 
architecture  ;  -JttCtficr,  to..  -3,  ^?Z. 
-  architect  ;  -fityf,  to.  -e*,  pi.  -e, 
style  of  architecture  ;  -hi erf,  n. 
-e$,  j!?Z.  -e,  building. 

Saiten,  *r.  to  build. 

Salter,  to.  -g,  #Z.  -n,  peasant ; 
-^IttOltlt,  to.  -e$,pl.  -leute,  peasant. 

Satlttt,  to.  -e«,  ^?Z.  Saume,  tree  ; 
-rctlje,  /.  -,  ^Z.  -n,  row  of  trees. 

Seam'te,  m.-n,pi.  -n,  officer. 

Seattt'nidrteit,  tr.  to  answer. 

Sefiett,  intr.  to  quake,  shake,  tremble. 

Sfuiirf)  tij],  adj.  considerate. 

SeilttU'ern,  tr.  to  pity  ;  to  regret. 

Seberf'Clt,  tr.  to  cover. 

Sebcu'tentl,  adj.  considerable,  im- 
portant. 

Sefcett'tttttg,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  significa- 
tion, meaning. 

ScfctC'ttClt,  r.  to  use. 

Scilteil'te,  to.  servant. 

Scfcrtilt'QClt,  tr.  to  press  hard,  op- 
press. 

Sefcitr'fen,  a.,  intr.  to  need. 

Sebutf  ttjj,  adj.  in  want  of. 

Scfcljr,  to.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  command. 


324 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


S3cfel)'lctt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  command, 
order. 

93efcf'tigcn,  tr.  to  strengthen,  fortify. 

SBefef'tigunfl,  /.  -,  pi.  -ci»,  fortifica- 
tion ;  -gltnie,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  row  of 
fortifications. 

83cfin'licn,  o.  c,  r.  to  be;  foic  — 
StC  ftd)  ?  how  do  you  do  ? 

SBcflct'jjen,  o.  c,  r.  to  endeavor. 

Scfro'gcit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  ask,  interro- 
gate. 

Scgo'fiung,  /•  -  endowment ;  gift ; 
talent. 

JScgc'Dctt,  o.  c,  r.  to  renounce;  to 
betake  one's  self. 

Segeg'ttCtt,  intr.  to  meet. 

Stgefl'ren,  ».  -3,  desire,  demand. 

93eflie'rtg,  a#.  eager. 

23egitttt',  m.  -t#,  _pZ.  -e,  beginning. 

©Cflitl'nen,  o.  c,  Zr.  to  begin. 

83eglci'tenr  tr.  to  accompany. 

33cgnii'gcn,  r.  to  be  contented. 

©cgra'bcn,  o.  c,  tfr.  to  bury- 

S3cgrci'fCltr  o.  c,  tr.  to  include ; 
understand. 

23egrtfT ,  m.  -e3,  j>2.  -e,  idea. 

^Cf]l'U!l  OCIt,  tr.  to  found ;  establish. 

93cgriin'i)Crf  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  founder. 

Scgril'^Cn,  tr.  to  greet. 

SBefyal'teit,  o.  c.,  tr.  to  retain,  hold. 

23ej)Qn'i)etn,  tr.  to  treat. 

Sejjattittting,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  treat- 
ment. 

SeJjel'fen,  o.  c,  r.  to  get  along. 

HBeljeni)',  ao?/.  dexterous. 
Sefjerr  fdjen,  *r.  to  rule,  govern. 

Seljer'jigung,  /.  -  the  taking  to 

heart. 
S3cif  prep,  near,  at,  with,  in. 

Seifeeljauen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  retain. 

23ct&C,  adj.  both  ;  two. 

23eifotntncn,  o.  c,  wtfr.  to  get  at. 
£Betm,  contraction  of  feet  fcem. 


SeiltaijC,  a$y.  almost,  nearly. 
$etname,   m.  -it,  joZ.  -it,  surname, 
nickname. 

33eifam'men,  adv.  together. 

$ei|  J)ie(,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  example,  in- 
stance. 

Setjjett,  o.  c,  tr.  to  bite. 

ScttragCIt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  contribute. 

©efattn'te,  m.  awe?/,  acquaintance. 

JBcfom'lHCn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  get,  obtain  ; 
intr.  to  agree  with  the  health. 

Sdtt'ilCn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  lead. 

Sklttll  fdl,  o.  c,  r.    to  amount  to. 

SBclet'tugen,  ft-,  to  offend. 

33cItC'6cit,  n.-4, inclination,  pleasure. 
93c(olj'nungf  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  reward. 
Scmcr'fetl,  tr.  to  observe. 
Scmcr'fltng,  /.  -,  pi  -en,  remark. 
93cmii'ljung,  /•  -  Vl-  ~en,  endeavor. 
Seitttdj'&art,  «#.  neighboring. 

93enadj'rid)ttgen,  tr.  notify. 

SBcnC^'mcn,  »,  -3,  behavior. 
23cnutj'en,  £r.  to  use. 
Seofe'ttdjtung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  observa- 
tion. 
Sequent',  ad/,  easy,  comfortable. 
Sera't^Ctt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  advise. 

Serau'feen,  tfr.  to  rob. 

23ered)'ttenr  tr.  to  estimate  at. 

23eret'ten,  tr.  to  prepare. 

23crctt3',  adv.  already. 

Serg,  m.  -e3,  pi-  -?t  mountain ; 
-feffel,  m.  -v,  pi.  -,  mountain 
basin  ;  -ttJCtf ,  **  -e6,  pi.  -e,  mine. 

Serirf/teit,  tr.  to  report. 

Scrtt'tter,  adj.  ind.  of  Berlin,  Berlin. 

83erficn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  burst. 

S5etuf' ,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  calling,  voca- 
tion ;  duty. 

SBeritljtltf ,  adj.  celebrated. 

$eriif)'ntng,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  contact. 

ISBeftfjaffCtt,  adj.  conditioned,  con- 
stituted. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


325 


S3cfdjaf'tigen,  tr.  to  busy,  occupy. 

Skfdjiifrtgt,  adj.  busy. 

S3efd)tte'ftcn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  resolve  upon. 

!SBeftf|rttn'feitr  tr.  to  confine,  limit. 

SkfrljltlbtflCH,  tr.  to  accuse  of. 

33f  ffljtucr  lid),  adj.  troublesome,  bur- 
densome. 

33efeit,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  broom. 

83efte'geit,  tr.  to  conquer. 

Sefty  aiMCijjeili),  adj.  possessive. 

93cfl#  Ctt,  <?.  c,  2r.  to  possess. 

93cft<?  Itltg,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  possession. 

§3ef01t'foerf  ae£/.  special. 

93cfon'bcr0,  acfo.  in  particular,  espe- 
cially. 

Sefor'gen,  tr.  to  attend  to. 

$3efJ>re'djeit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  bespeak, 
confer. 

Seffer,  crwip.  o/gut. 

©Cfittnb't^CiJ,  m.  -tfy  pi.  -e,    con- 
stituent part. 
$efliin'i)ig,  adj.  constant. 
Btfie,  siip.  o/gut. 
Sejie'djeit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  bribe. 
S3eftc'^Cnf  o.  c,  wi£r.  to  consist. 
S3c^Ct'gcnf  o.  c,  tr.  to  ascend. 

SBcfiim'mcn,  tr.  to  fix,  designator 
determine,  define  ;  italjcr  — ,  to 
qualify. 

©Cfttmmf,  adj.  definite. 

JBcjHm'ntUttg,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  destina- 
tion. 

Sefira'fen,  tr.  to  punish. 

©Cfirc'&en,  n.  -3,  endeavor,  effort. 

©cfu'djcn,  to",  to  visit. 

SBetCIt,  mfr\  to  pray. 

Scto'nung,/.  -  j»?.  -en,  emphasis. 

JBetl'Odj'tnt,  £r.  to  view ;  to  consider. 

93ttrtt'gCllf  o.  c,  intr.  to  amount  to. 

Sctra'gClt,  n.  -4,  behavior,  conduct. 

S3ctrOtt'cmr  tr.  to  mourn  for. 

S3ctficb'f  m.  — e-3,  management,  in- 
stigation. 


%ttt,  n.-t$,pl.  -en,  bed. 
fdetttln,  intr.  to  beg. 
Seur'tfjetlen,    ftr.    to    judge;    esti- 
mate. 

SetoiH'fenutg,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  popula- 
tion. 

93cl)Or',    acfo.    before  ;    -ffcljeit,   a., 

intr.  be  imminent. 
SBetoe'gung,/.  -,#*.  -en,  motion. 
93ctBCt'nCtt,  tr.  to  weep  for. 

$ctmr'fcn,  tr.  to  cause. 

$CtoOf)'nen,  «r.  to  inhabit. 
SktoUll'fcerit,  tr.  to  admire. 
S3cttJU^f ,  adj.  conscious  of. 

23e$af)'Ienr  tr.  to  pay. 

83ejCtdj  Itett,  *r.  to  denote. 

SejtC'ljung,  f.  -,  pi.  -en,  reference, 
regard. 

SBcjiidj'tigett,  ft",  charge  with. 

SBcjug',  m.  -e$,  pJ.  -^fifje,  relation, 
reference. 

SBejltltn'gCIt,  0.  c,  tr.  to  overpower. 

S3tkl,  /■  -,  pi.  -n,  Bible  ;  -ubtt* 
fC^Ultg,  /•  -,  pi-  -en,  translation 
of  the  Bible. 

©tfiliotljef ,  /■  -,  pi  -en,  library. 

93icrr  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  beer. 

95tctctlr  o.  c,  £r.  to  offer,  tender. 

23tll>,  »•  -e$,pl.  -ev,  portrait,  picture ; 
-erlmdj,w.-e$;  ^?Z.  -l>ud)er,  picture- 
book. 

£5i(bCIt,  tr.  to  form,  shape;  cultivate. 

IsBtftling,  /.  -  formation  ;  culture. 

58 1 flifl,  adj.  fair,  reasonable,  cheap. 

23ilUgfdtr  /.  -,  equity,  justness. 

33tm0fletn,  rn.  -t$,pl.  -e,  pumice. 

33i0r  adv.,  prep.,  and  c.  till,  until  ; 

—  CM,  —  OUf ,  —  JU,  to,  even  to ; 

—  Had),  as  far  as. 

Stfdjof,  m.  -3,  pi.  -fdjofe,  bishop. 
93i0fjer'f  adv.  hitherto. 
33ittC,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  request. 
SittClt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  ask,  pray.    . 


326 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


SlafCIt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  blow. 
SBIatt,  n.  -f*,  pi.  flatter,  leaf. 
$l(Ut,  adj.  blue. 

©IcifHft,  to.  -cd,  pi.  -e,  lead-pencil. 
SfctbCtt,  o.  c,  MtAr.  to  remain. 

SMenfccn,  tr.  to  dazzle. 

SBlitf,  to.  -e*#  ?jI.  -c,  look,  sight. 

$ltnll,  «c{/'.  blind. 

SBTitjr  to.  -e«;  pi.  -e,  lightning. 

5JMultU,  adj.  fair,  flaxen. 

S3fOfef  adj.  naked,  bare. 

931iif)Cjrit,  /■  -  pi  -en,  flowering- 
time. 

SBlUtUC,  /•  -,  pi-  ~n,  flower  ;  -ngur* 
tCIt,  TOw-$,pI.-fl5rtcn,  flower-garden. 

JBfutflcrujt,  »•  -e^,pl.  -e,  scaffold. 

SHutlje,/.  ~,pl-  -«i  bloom,  flower. 

93obcn,  to.  -3,  ^>Z.  23oben,  giound, 
bottom  ;  -fee,  to.  -3,  Lake  of  Con- 
stance. 

Sogcnltnie,  /.  -  pf.  -n,  curve. 

3iul)lUC,  to.  -m, pi.  -n,  Bohemian. 
Sofjmertoaltl,    to.    -e##    Bohemian 

forest. 
SBbfpttifdj,  «4/-  Bohemian. 
Sojar',  to.  -en,  pi.  -en,  Bojar. 
83ofC,  a$',  bad,  evil,  wicked  ;  -toidjt, 

to.  -e3,  pi.  -e  or  er,  villain. 
Srantmng,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  surf. 
33raudjeit,  tr.  to  want,  need. 
S5r0Ull,  adj.  brown. 
95rftufcitf  twlr.  to  rush,  roar. 
Sredjett,  o.  c,  tr.  to  break. 
!8m,  to.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  broth. 
23mtf  adj.  broad,  wide. 
S3rCttCf  /.  -,  pi.  -a,  breadth,  width. 
fSBrenncn,  a.,  wtlr.  to  burn. 
Srctag'ne,  /.  -,  Brittany. 
93rief,  to.  -e$,pl.  -e,  letter ;  -Jiajiier, 

?t.  -e§,  letter-paper. 
Srtngett,  a.  tr.  to  bring,  take  ;  ttltt 


(gtfottS   — ,    to    deprive    of;     Jtt 
Stanfce  — ,  to  perform. 

Srttan'men,  «.  -$»  Britain. 

93rttc,  to.  -n,  pi,  -n,  Briton. 

JBvitifdj,  adj.  British,  Britannic. 

33rO&f  n.  -e$,pl.-e,  bread. 

SBrudjftutf,  n.  -eS,  pi.  -e,  fragment. 

Sriilfe,/.  -pi.  -n,  bridge. 

SBrufccr,  to.  -$,  pi.  33ritber,  brother. 

ISBtttHctt,  w*$r.  to  roar,  low. 

Sntft,  /.  -  pi.  Sriiftc,  breast. 

33utfj,  »•  -ti,pl.  23iici)er,  book  ;  -Bins 
bet,  to.  -£,  pi.  -,  bookbinder  ; 
-toritfferfltltfi,  /.  -  art  of  print- 
ing ;  -IjtinMcr,  to..  -4,  pi.  -,  book- 
seller ;  -IjaitMititg,  /.  -,  pL  -en, 
bookstore. 

SurfjC,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  bee6h. 

93ud)ergcfiett,  ».  -e3,  pi,  -e,  book- 
shelves. 

SBudjerffljranr",  to.  -eS,  pi.  @d)ranfe, 
book-case. 

23 UffjftnlJC,  to.  -n,  pi.  -n,  letter,  char- 
acter. 

$udjhm$eit,  ».  -3,  buckwheat ; 
-tttefjl,  n.  -3,  buckwheat-flour. 

JBiirfcn,  r.  to  stoop  ;  bow. 

Suigorifdj,  adj.  Bulgarian. 

23urg,  /•  -,  pi-  -en,  castle,  citadel, 
stronghold. 

23iirgcr,  to.  -8,  pi.  -  citizen ;  -ftanb, 

m.  -e3,  state  of  a  citizen  ;  the  citi- 
zens. 

Siirfte,/.  -pi. -en, brush;  -ntadjcr, 

to.  -3,  pi.  -,  brush-maker. 
Sufeil'tOtocUe,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  Busento's 

billow. 
Sufcn'tOtDOge,/.  -,pl.  -n,  Busento's 

wave. 
©Utter,  /.  -,  butter. 
-Sibling',  ft.  -,  Byzantium. 


GERMAN -ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


32; 


(&aba'U,  f.  -,  pi.  -tt,  cabal,  intrigue. 
Galtfor'niett,  n.  -3,  California.  . 
(£arlimarjiunft,  m.  -e$,  |rf.  -e,  car- 
dinal point. 
<£artIja'B0,  ».  -3,  Carthage. 
@afu§,  J».  -  pi.  -,  case. 
(£elttfd),  a#.  Celtic. 
ditlt,  m.  -e£,  pi.  -3  or  -e,  a  cent. 
(Efjoracteriftifli),  adj.  characteristic. 
dijarfrcuaa,,  m.  -c3,  £*•  -e,  Good 

Friday. 

(£l|me'fe,  m.  -n,  jtf.  -n,  Chinese. 

dfjor,  m.  -e<3,  ^Z.  £f)ore,  chorus  ; 
choir. 

©§rtf}eil^citr /•  -  Christendom. 

(£§Vif}emtteilfd),  m.-&,pl.-z\\,  Chris- 
tian. 

(£f}riftentljttm,  n.  -3,  Christianity. 


(£ljrtftojlljr  «*  ~3»  Christopher. 

(Stjrtfiug,  -  or  <£(jrifK,  Christ. 

($im6er,  «*.  -3,  j?Z.  -n,  Cimbrian. 

(£(ttfftfttj,  «<$.  classical,  classic. 

teOttjugattOtt',  /.  -  pi.  -en,  conjuga- 
tion ;  -gform,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  form 
of  conjugation. 

Gonjunfrion',  /.  -  pi.  -en,  conjunc- 
tion. 

(Sonjunfttt),  m.  -3,  pi.  -e,  conjunc- 
tive, subjunctive. 

(£onfeqitenf,  adj.  consistent. 
(SonffrltftiOfT,  /.  -, pi.  -en,  construc- 
tion. 
(£onflt(,  m.  -4,  pi.  -n,  consul. 
Gottfuftt'rtfd},  adj.  consular. 
OtOUft'lte,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  (female)  cousin. 
(£$COJtfaj,  adj.  Cheskian,  Bohemian. 


$. 


!$a,  «<&>.  there  ;  c.  when  ;  as ;  since  ; 

because. 
%a&\,  ».  -e3,  jtf.  £ad)er,  roof. 
^at)Ur(||r   adv.   by  this  ;    by  those 

means. 

^afiir',  adv.  for  it ;  idj  fann  MtdjtS 

— ,  I  cannot  help  it. 

^age'fj en,  adv.  against  it ;  in  regard 
to  it. 

!Daf}Cr/,  adv.  thence  ;  from  that. 

S)a()tn',  adv.  thither  ;  feig  — ,  hith- 
erto. 

&attta'{t0,  adj.  of  or  at  that  time. 

&ame,  /.  -,pl.  -n,  lady. 

2>amit'r  adv.  with  it  ;  c.  that. 

$amj)f,  m.  -eS,  pi.  Dampfe,  steam  ; 


-mafttJtltC,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  steam- 
engine. 

$attaflj',  adv.  for  it. 

$ane,  m.  -n,  ^Z.  -n,  Dane. 

$anematF,  n.  -3,  Denmark. 

2>anf,  »»•  -e$,  pJ.  -fagungen,  thanks, 
reward. 

$nnf bar,  a#.  thankful,  grateful. 

^anfcit,  intr.  to  thank. 

2>amt,  adv.  then. 

2>arauf,  af^.  theron;  upon  which; 
after  this. 

3arau§',  adv.  out  of  this ;  from 
them. 

$ar6teten,  0.  c,  tr.  to  offer. 

3)aritt',  adv.  therein,  in  it. 


328 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


$arf}clfatt0,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  representa- 
tion. 
£arum,  adv.  for  it. 
$afelbfl'r  adv.  there. 
$ajj,  c.  that. 

£>dtit),  t».  -3,  £>/.  -e,  dative. 
£  till  d)  tf!tf  «.,  imp.  to  appear,  seem. 
$abon',  adv.  of  it. 
$C(f t,  f.  -,  pi.  -n,  ceiling. 
$C(fcit,  £r.  to  cover. 
$eirf)f?I,  /.  -  jtf.  -n,  thill,  shafts. 
Setn,  beinc,  tieitt,  pron.  thy. 
$eintge,  ber,  btc,  bag,  ptv».  thine. 

SefltnattOlt',  /.  -  pi.  -en,  declen- 
sion. 

£>cnfmaf,  w.  -e3,  ^?/.  -mater,  monu- 
ment. 

$eitfen,  a.,  intr.  to  think. 

2>Cltn,  c.  for  ;  than. 

^t'unod),  c.  yet,  notwithstanding. 

$Cr,  bie,  bo$,  ar^.  the  ;  pron.  this, 
that  ;  he,  she,  it  ;  who,  which, 
that. 

$erglctdjen,  adj.  the  like. 

Serjenige,    biejemge,    bagjemge, 

pron.  he,  she,  it  ;  that. 

$erfel'6e,  biefetbe,  baSfef&e,  yr»». 

he,  she,  it ;  that ;  the  same. 
£ctM)Cll&,  adv.  and  c.  therefore  ;  for 
that  reason. 

$effenttoiflen,    urn   fcieffenttmtten, 

adv.  on  account  of  which. 
$CUtfdj,  adj.  German. 
$eutfdjef  n.  the  German  language. 
$eutfff)e,  m.  and/,  the  German. 
$eutfdj(anfc,  n.  -$,  Germany. 
$ejem'6er,  in.  -3,  ^.  -  December. 
5DtttfCCfr  m.  -3, ;?/.  -e,  dialect. 
^tttlectifd),  a#.  dialectic. 
2)iatn0ttf ,  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  diamond. 

$ic)ter,  m.  -a,  #z.  -  poet ;  -ruljm, 

m.  -e3,  poetic  fame. 
£t(fjt?rif(fjr  adj.  poetical,  poetic. 


,  poetry,  poetic  art. 
pi.  -en,  poetry  ;  in- 


Stojtfunfl,/. 
$td)tung,  /. 

vention. 
|  2>i{t,  adj.  thick. 
J  $kb,  m.  -eS,  jtf.  -e,  thief. 
!  £icitCll,  intr.  to  serve. 

Wiener,  m,  -3,  jrf.  -,  servant. 

^icncrilt,  /.  -,  pi.  -ncn,  (female)  ser- 
vant. 

Xicilltdj,  adj.  serviceable,  useful. 

$iCltfiag,  m.  -cS,  yi.  -e,  Tuesday. 

*£)ic&,  contraction  of  biffcS. 

liefer,  bicfe,  btcfeS,  ^ro».  this. 
$tfferentta('reojnung,  /.  -  pi.  -en, 

differential  calculus. 

$ing,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  thing. 

£od),  c.  yet,  however,  notwithstand- 
ing ;  at  least ;  I  pray  ;  I  hope. 

doctor  and  $oftor,  m.  -4, pi.  -en, 
doctor. 

$0fdj,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  dagger. 

$0ttt,  m.  -e$,  joZ.  -e,  cathedral  ; 
— ftrcfte,  /.  -,  ^£.  -n,  cathedral. 

Conner, m.  -3,  thunder;  -getbfe, 

?i.  -3,  thunder,  thundering. 

^OttneW,  imp.  to  thunder. 

^Oltncrgtag,  m.  -e$,  jrf.  -e,  Thurs- 
day. 

$0bbelff  «#«  double,  twofold. 

2>orf,  ».  -eS,  js^.  2)crfer,  village. 

%)0tt,  adv.  there,  yonder  ;  -Ijttt, 
ady.  yonder. 

^ranttt,  ».  -3,  j^.  £ramen,  drama. 

^ramtt'ttfdj,  «#•  dramatic. 

^riingcit,  fr*.  to  press. 

£>raitf,  adv.  after  that  ;  then. 

$m&igjiUjrigf  adj.  of  thirty  years. 

$refdjen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  thrash. 

$riltgcn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  press  ;  to 
descend. 

$rittljeit,  n.  -3,  third. 

^rofjtMlu,  adj.  imminent. 

^mtf f  w.  -t$,  pi.  -e,  printing. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


329 


5)rutfcrci'r  /.  -  pi.  -en,  art  of  print- 
ing- 

%)U,  pron.  thou. 

:£um&f,  adj.  damp  ;  dull ;  gloomy. 

2>lUlf  ti,  n.  -3,  darkness  ;  obscurity. 

Smiftifytit,  /■  -,  darkness  ;  obscur- 
ity. 

J)iinfcn,  intr.  to  seem  ;  appear. 

2)Ulin,  adj.  thin,  slender. 

£un  jl,  m.  -e«,  pi.  2)itnfte,  vapor. 

Quitf),  prep,  through, by, by  means  of. 

^Durttjjiifjren,  tr.  to  accomplish. 


$urifjntarfajiren,    tr.    to    march 

through. 

$urdj$ie'ljen,    o.    c,   tr.   to  pass 

through,  traverse. 
$iirfcit,   a.,  intr.  and  aux.  to  be 

permitted  ;  to  be  able  ;  to  be  at 

liberty  ;  can  ;  may. 
2>urft,  m.  -e£,  thirst. 
£itrficil,  intr.  to  thirst,  be  thirsty. 
2)iifier,  adj.  gloomy. 
£ltfjcui),  n.  -c£,  pi.  -e,  dozen. 
Xtynaftit',  /•  -,pl-  -n,  dynasty. 


t*. 


dSfien,  adj.  even  ;  adv.  just. 
©bene,/.  -,pi.  -n,  plain. 

dtf t,  f-  -,  pi-  HI,  corner,  edge. 

(?fftg,  adj.  cornered  ;  awkward. 

(Sfcel,  adj.  noble  ;  -frilU,  /.  -,  pi. 
-en,  noble-woman.  ;  lady  ;  — f|citlr 
m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  jewel. 

Qtf\tt  c.  ere,  before. 

(gljrc,  /.  -  'pi-  -n,  honor. 

@t !  int.  why  !  ay  ! 

%\,  n.  -cS,  pi.  -er,  egg. 

(gidje,  /.  -,  pi-  ~n,  oak. 

(lifer,  »».  -3,  zeal. 

®  if  rig,  adj.  zealous. 

(Stgtn,  a<#.  own  ;  -J)tlt, /■  -,pl-  -en, 
peculiarity  ;  -name,  m.  -n,  pi.  -n, 
proper  name  ;  -JIU#,  w.  -e3,  self- 
interest,  selfishness  ;  -ftt)ttft,  /.  -, 
pi.  -cn,  quality  ;  ftnttig,  adj.  ob- 
stinate, self-willed  ;  -t()Umttrtj, 
ardj.  peculiar  ;  tJjumHdjfctt,  /.  -, 
pi.  -cn,  peculiarity. 

Gtgcntlio),  adj.  proper. 

Octleil,  intr.  to  hasten,  hurry. 

din,  Ctlte,  Cilt,  art.  a,  an  ;  num.  one. 

Gitl,  «<&>.  in,  within,  into. 


dtnanber,  adv.  one  another,  each 

other. 
(Sin&anl),  m.  -e?,^.-banbe,  binding. 
(ftuOif&Ctt,  wtfr*.  to  imagine. 
dinbinfccn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  bind. 
diner,  eine,  etneS,  pron.  one. 

dtnfadj,  adj.  single  ;  simple. 
dtnfaK,  m.  -t$,pl.  -falfe,  invasion. 
©infttngen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  capture. 
(gtnfdffen,  tr.  to  enclose. 
(Itnftnticn,  o.  c,  r.  to  come,  appear. 

dtnflofcen,  tr.  to  instil ;  6djretfen 

— ,  strike  with  terror. 
dtnflnfj,  m.  -ed,  ^Z.-fUiffe,  influence. 
dinfii^rung,  /•  -  introduction. 
dtngefjcnt),  adj.  detailed. 
(£in()eit,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  unity,  unit. 

dintger,  ctnige,  etntgeS,  pron.  some, 

any. 
(Sintgfett,  /.  -,  harmony  ;  unity. 
Gunfommcn,  n.  -s,  income. 

Crinmaf,  adv.  once  ;  nnf  — ,  at  once. 
<£tnnc(jmcn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  take,  occu- 
py ;  ben  erften  tRang  — ,  to  be  of 

or  take  the  first  rank. 

©tnjjriigen,  tr.  to  impress. 


330 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


©tnfOtttf tit,  f.  -,  solitude. 

(ftllfaugen,  tr.  to  absorb,  drink  in. 

6tnftf)(agen,  o.  &,  intr.  to  strike  in  ; 
to  take. 

(£i«flf)ret&en,  o.  c,  tr.  to  write  in  or 
down. 

(StnflcMcr,  m.  -i,  pi  -  hermit. 

(F'tllji,  adv.  once,  one  day. 

gifcfttffett,  o.  c,  tr.  put  up. 

(ginflctten,  «r.  to  stop  ;  to  occur. 

(Hntfjeilen,  fr.  to  divide. 

@tlltrtiglidjr  adj.  profitable,  lucra- 
tive. 

(Sintrcffeit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  arrive, 
meet. 

(Sintreffen,  n.  -*,  arrival. 

(vilItuaitt>Cl*nr  intr.  to  immigrate. 

eintoirfung,  /.  -  j>*.  -en,  influence. 

GtnftJOfjltCr,  m.  -a,  pi.  -,  inhabi- 
tant ;  -$tt{)I,  /•  -,  number  of  in- 
habitants. 

(Siltjuljl,  /.  -  singular  number. 

(Sinjeln,  adj.  isolated. 

(gin jig,  adj.  only,  single. 

(gig,  *.  -C$#  ice. 

(Sifcn,  ».  -3,  iron  ;  -Dttljn,  /.  -,  l»Z. 
-en,  railroad  ;  -6al)nfartC,  /•  -, 
7?7.  -n,  railroad-map. 

(gifern,  «f#.  iron. 

Gittf,  adj.  conceited  ;  vain. 
G*iterit,  intr.  to  fester. 
(SlttfKjttaf ,  /•  -,  pi-  -en,  elasticity. 
(516e,/.  -  Elbe. 

®icf trtjitttf,  /.  -,  |£  -en,  electricity. 
Element',  n.  -e$,  ^Z.  -e,  element. 
(Slenfo,  «c?y.  miserable. 
(S£c|J^ant'r  w*.  -en,  pi.  -en,  elephant. 
(glfcnbetnern,  adj.  of  ivory. 
«Uf,/.  -  ^--n,  ell. 
@lfaft,  n.  -e3,  Alsace. 
(Stterit,  p£  parents. 
(gmtJfatt'gCIt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  receive. 
(§mj)fel)'lenf  o.  c,  tr.  to  recommend. 


(StttJlfttt'iMttg,  /•  -,  y ■  -en,  feeling. 

(Stotpor'tttmnteit,  o.  c,  irtfr.  to  as- 
cend ;  climb  upon. 

(SmJJOr  hiu()lcn,  tr.  to  turn  over. 

(Snfce,  ».  -a,  pi.  -n,  end  ;  ju  —  fcttt, 
to  be  at  an  end  with  ;  to  be  gone 

(gn&en  and  en&igen,  tr.  to  end. 
(gnbfonfonant,  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  end- 
consonant. 

@IltlHd>r  adj.  final. 

(SntJfilOC,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  final  syllable. 

(Sn&ttttg,  /.  -  p*.  -en,  ending. 

Anergic',  /•  -,  energy. 

©Jig,  adj.  narrow  ;  small. 

diltgliinber,  m.  -§,pl.  -  Englishman. 

(gnglan&ertn,  /.  -,  pi.  -nen,  English 

woman. 

(gttfllifd),  adj.  English. 

(Sntttt'tCtt,  intr.  to  degenerate. 

(gnt&fo'&ett,  tr.  to  deprive. 

(gnt&CCfett,  «r.  to  discover. 

(Ittte,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  duck. 

6ntfcmt'f  «rf?.  distant. 

©ntflttttl'tticn,  «r.  to  inflame  ;  in- 
spire. 

(gntgc'gettgefefct,  adj.  opposite  ;  con- 
trary. 

(Stttlje'lJCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  exempt  from. 

(£nt(jiint!tf  tr.  to  unveil  ;  manifest. 

©ntfottt'mcit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  escape. 

(gntlang',  jwujp.  along. 

dmtlc'iligett,  *r.  to  set  free. 

(gntrtn'lteit,  0.  c,  iafc*.  to  escape. 

@ntruf'tungf  /.  -  indignation. 

(gntfdjet'&en,  o.  c,  er.  to  decide. 

(Sntfdjftt'gcn,  o.  c,  r.  to  abandon. 

(gntfdjfof'fCtt,  <u#.  determined. 

entf^ul'&tgeit,  tr.  to  excuse. 

dtttf  Jire'djClt,  o.  C,  *nfr\  to  answer  to. 

(£ntfjmn'geit,  o.  ft,  intr.  to  rise, 
spring  up. 

©tttfic'^cn,  o.  ft,  m£r.  to  arise,  origi- 
nate. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


(gttttoe'bCt  .  .  .  Ofocr,  either  ...  or, 

(£ltttoer'fenr  o.  c,  tr.  to  design,  pro- 
ject. 

Gnttotlfcln,  tr.  to  develop. 

6nttmcnuit0,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  develop- 
ment ;  -ggang,  m.  -t$,pi.  -gfatge, 
process  of  development. 

(Sntjte'fjen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  deprive  of. 

(Stttjiffcrung,  /.  -  deciphering,  ex- 
planation. 

dlttjiin&'ung,  /•  -,  pi.  -en,  inflamma- 
tion. 

(Stttjtoet'Ctt,  r.  to  fall  out  with  one 
another. 

(Stytfdj,  adj.  epic. 

djiOOJC,  /.  ,-jtf.  -n,  epoch. 

(£r,  pron.  he. 

(£r6ar'men,  r.  arcd  imp  to  pity. 

(Mitten,  o.  c,  fe*.  to  ask  ;  obtain 
by  asking. 

(grbc,  /•  -,  pi.  -n,  earth. 

Gfrfcen'fen,  a.,  £r.  to  excogitate. 

(Sirrig'UCtt,  r.  to  happen,  come  to 
pass. 

Girfafj'teil,  o.  c,  tr.  to  learn,  ex- 
perience. 

(Sirfin'feCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  invent. 

(£rfttt'ilCt\  m.  -3,  ;;Z.  -  inventor. 

(Srf  olfl/,  m.  -e£,  jtf.  -e,  success. 

(Srfunen,  fr.  to  mi. 

©rgic'^CIt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  pour  ;  to  pour 

out  ;  empty. 
(&lf)a'btnt  adj.  sublime. 
(Srfyal'tcn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  preserve  ;  to 

receive. 
G*I)0'lung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  recreation. 
Svtn'ncrn,  r.  to  remember. 
(Srfcn'neit,  a.,  tr.  to  recognize. 
(grfcnnt'nife,  /.  -  pi  -e,  knowledge. 
(Srflti'rcn,  tr.  to  explain  ;  declare. 

(Srftcftern,  *r.  to  climb. 
(Srflin'flen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  sound ; 
resound. 


(^rfrtlt'flClt,  tr.  to  attain,  acquire. 

(£rfau'&euf  &*•  to  permit,  allow. 

©rlti'fdjett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  expire  ;  be- 
come extinct. 

(Srmorfcen,  tr.  to  murder,  assassi- 
nate. 

(Stuff,  m.  -e<3,  earnest,  seriousness. 

(Sritft,  adj.  earnest,  serious. 

(Sro'bcrer,  m.  ^4,  pi.  -,  conqueror. 

(Sxo'Gent,  tr.  to  conquer. 

(Sro'uerung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  conquest ; 

-0lufi,  /.  -,  thirst  after  conquest. 

(£rquitf'cn,  tr.  to  refresh  ;  to  quicken. 

(§rrcg'6ar,  adj.  excitable. 

(Srm'djett,  tr.  to  reach. 

©ri'in'gcit,  o.  c,  fr*.  to  obtain  by 
great  efforts. 

(£rfa#',  »»•  -C$i  compensation. 

(SrfdjOU  Ctt,  *r.  to  see,  perceive. 

©rfdfjei'ncit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  appear. 

(£rfd)lic'BCn,  o.  c,  £r.  to  open,  dis- 
close. 

(grfrfjcjl'fen,  dr.  to  exhaust. 

(Brfdjretf'en,  o.  c,  wifc».  to  be  terri- 
fied. 

drfdjreif  en,  tr.  to  terrify. 

@rfd) lit' tern,  tr.  to  shake,  shatter. 

(Srfdjhltn'gen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  rise. 

(Srftn'nen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  devise,  in- 
vent. 

(Srft,  adv.  not  before,  not  till  ;  only ; 
first. 

dl'fttttt'nen,  n.  -$,  astonishment  ; 
amazement. 

(grftc,  adj.  first. 

($rftC'rf|Ctt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  stab. 

(Srftcrer,  (Srfiere,  (grftercg,  or  tier, 

ttC,  tlttS  drftcre,  the  former. 

(Srftretf'cn,  r.  to  extend. 

(£rtra'0,cn,  O.  c,  tr.  to  bear,  suffer. 
(SrtottOj'fcn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  grow  ;  to 

rise. 
(frtfliUj'tcn,  tr.  to  chose,  elect. 


332 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


(grtoalj'nung,  /.  -  mention. 
6l'tt)0r'tcn,  tr.  to  expect ;  await. 
(grtoor'tung,  /.  -  pl.  -en,  expecta- 
tion. 
(Srtoei'djen,  tr.  to  soften. 

drtoci'feit,  o.  a,  tr.  to  show,  to  prove. 

@Vte3Cr'6citf  o.  c,  fo".  to  acquire,  gain. 

glttJCr Dung,  f.  -,  pl.  -en,  acquisi- 
tion. 

@rja()'Ienf  /r.  to  tell,  relate. 

dil'jCi  gen,  tr.  to  show,  render,  do. 

Grrjcug  ni&,  n.  -e$,  pl.  -e,  produc- 
tion. 


(5$,  j^roro.  it  ;  —  giflt,  there  are. 

(SffCIt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  eat. 

Orfilantl,  n.  -etf,  Esthonia. 

<£tftfji()a(,  ».  -e$,  valley  of  the  Etsch. 

6ttt)tt,  adv.  about. 

(£ttO&$,  pron.  something,  somewhat; 

adv.  a  little. 
Cgttjmofo'gtfdje,  adj.  etymological, 
(vut  u  Jul,  n.  -3,  Europe. 
dmrojltt'tfdj,  adj.  European. 

(gdange'lienljarmonte,  /.  -  pi.  -x, 

Harmony  of  the  Gospel. 
(Stflig,  adj.  eternal,  perpetual. 


». 


gacultof ,  /.  -  pi-  -en,  faculty. 

Jyiil)in»  adj-  able,  capable. 

StUJigfeit,/.  -,pl.  -en,  ability. 

$ttine,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  flag,  standard. 

§o()rcn,  o.  c,  Jr.  to  drive  ;  intr.  to 
go,  to  ride  (in  a  carriage,  boat,  or 
ship). 

$rttflf  in.  -e$,  pi.  fettle,  case. 

fatten,  o.  c,  intr.  to  fall ;  die,  per- 
ish ;  occur. 

golfdjljctt,  /  -i  pl-  -en,  falseness, 
falsehood. 

$amt'lie,  /■  -,  pl  -n,-  family. 

^ftttigcn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  catch. 

$arbe,  /.  -,  pl.  -n,  *>lor. 

$afcf  n.  -e$,  ^  &*if«#  yat,  barrel. 

§dfi,  arfv.  almost,  nearly. 

g-antcn,  wrfr.  to  fast. 

gcul,  adj.  lazy,  indolent. 

§efeer,  /•  -,  pl-  ~n>  feather  ;  pen  ; 
spring  ;  -6ufl!j,  on.  -e£,  pl.  -fiifdje, 
plume;  -%alttVt  m.-4,  pl.  -,  pen- 
holder ;  -toifdj,  «.  -e*,  pl.  -e, 
feather-wisp. 

Seljlen,  »t*r.  and  imp.  tc  fail,  lack. 


$eljlcr,  m.  -3,  ^Z.  -,  fault,  error. 

$CtCrffeii),  n.  -eS,  jft.  -er,  holiday- 
garment. 

g-Ctcrtog,  m.  -e$,  j^  -e,  holiday. 

$etn,  adj.  fine. 

gctnfc,  »,  -c«,  pl-  -e,  enemy. 

gCtttMitt*),  adj.  hostile. 

$ett>,  ».  -c*#  pl-  -cr'  fielcl>  Plain  5 
-fntdjt,  /•  -,  ^-  -friicf)te,  field- 
produce  ;  -Ijetr,  m.  -n,  pl.  -n, 
commander-in-chief  ;  -jug,  m.  H$, 
pl.  — gugc,  campaign. 

ftelfcn,  m.  -$,  pZ.  -,  rock  ;  -rt&, 
on.  -e3,  jt?Z.-ffe,  fissure  ;  -DOrfJintng, 
m.  -eS,  jpZ.  -fpriinge,  rocky  promi- 
nence ;  -to anti,  /.  -,  pl-  -n>anbe, 
rocky  wall. 

%ti%t\XLXVX,  m.  -eS,  jtf.  Xlttrmc,  tower 
of  rock. 

Oft'ttfter,  %.  -*j  #J.  -  window. 

^ettl,  adj.  far,  far  from ;  -XQ$V, 
n.  -e3,  j?J.  -e,  telescope. 

$ttti$,  adj.  done,  finished. 

getitg Jdt,  /.  -,  j&  -en,  dexterity. 

%ttitltf.',pl.-*,kttet' 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


333 


$Cff,  adj.  firm,  hard  ;  -ftfceit,  o.  c, 

intr.  to  be  fixed. 
%t$,  n.  -eg,  pi.  -e,  feast. 
$efhtn0§gni6en,  m.  -#,  pi.  -gra&en, 

moat  of  the  fortification. 
fttit,  adj.  fat. 
$Clld)t,  adj.  moist,  humid,  damp. 

$euer,  n.  -g,  jtf.  -  fire  j  -g&runfi, 

/.  -,  j»l.  -brunfte,  fire,  conflagra- 
tion ;  -fylutf),  f.  -,  pi.  -en,  flam- 
ing fire. 

Sftdjtefgebtrge,  n.  -g,  Fichtelgebirge 
(a  mountainous  region  in  the 
centre  of  Germany). 

$tl$I)Ut,  m.  -e*#  jtf.  -ftiite,  felt-hat. 

$inbC!t,  o.  c,  tr.  to  find. 

$tltger,  m.  -4,  pi.  -  finger. 

$tnntuni>,  n.  -C$,  Finland. 

$inflcr,  adj.  dark,  gloomy. 

$ifd)er,  m.  -g,  ^;Z.  -  fisherman ; 
-boot,  n.  -eg,  pi.  -bote,  fishing- 
boat  ;  -borf,  n.  -eg,  pi.  -borfer, 
village  of  fishermen. 

$lac(),  adj.  even,  flat. 

$tttd)g,  m.  -tf,  flax. 

$lammen,  intr.  to  glow. 

§Ied)ten,  o.  c,  £r.  to  braid. 
ftfetfd),  ».  -eg,  meat ;  flesh. 
%it\§,  m.  -eg,  diligence,  industry. 
$(ctf{t0,  adj.  diligent,  industrious. 
%lk%t,f.  -pl.-n,  fly. 
^ItCgen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  fly. 
^flteljeit,  o.  c,  tr.  and  intr.  to  flee. 
$ltejjett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  flow,  float. 

Sltmmerfdjetn,   m.   -4,    glimmer, 

glitter. 

%1'ott,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  flute. 

$Iltdjt,  /•  -,  flight,  escape. 
Jvliidjtcn,  r.  to  flee,  escape. 
$lltfj,  m.  -eg,  ^?Z.  $Uiffc,  river. 
ftliiffigfcit,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  fluid. 
$fut()Cn,  t»2r.  to  flow  ;  to  sweep. 
$0betn,  tr.  to  challenge. 


lyolgc,  /.   -,  pi.   -n,   consequence, 

result. 
$olgen,  intr.  to  follow. 
^Olgltcf),  adv.  consequently. 
^orbcm,  tr.  to  demand. 
$orm,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  form. 
$orf(f)Utt0,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  inquiry,  in- 
vestigation. 
$0tt,  aofo.  away,  forth. 
$Otibett\lfintr.  to  continue  praying. 
JyCVik'liCIl,  intr.  to  continue  living. 
$OrtreitCtt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  ride  away 

or  forth. 
JvOVitbuctt.  *»&••  to  resound. 
gorttOO^rcnb,  adj.  continual. 
ftrage,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  question  ;  -fafc, 
m.   -eg,   pi.   -fcifje,    interrogative 
sentence, 
kronen,  tr.  to  ask,  interrogate. 
§rop,enb,  adj.  interrogative. 
Qfranfe,  «*■  _n,  j»£.  -n,  Franconian  ; 
-ttrctdj,  n.  -eg,  ^£.  -e,  empire  of 
the  Franconians. 
$rauffttrt,  n.  -g,  Frankfort  ;  —  Ottt 
9Ktttn,  or  —  o/2H.,  Frankfort  on 
the  Main. 
$Vttltfifdj,  adj.  Franconian. 
Sfranlreidj,  ».  -g,  France. 
Jyl'ilU},  m.  -eng,  Francis. 
^ranjo'fe,  ra.  -n,  jtf.  -n,  Frenchman. 
SratljS'ftfd),  adj.  French. 
$rau,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  woman,  wife, 

lady,  madam,  Mrs. 
^taulctn,  n.  -g,  pi.  -,  young  lady, 

miss. 
gm,   ad/,   free;   -fjircdjuno,,  /  -, 

pi.  -en,  acquittal. 
$rctljctt,   /.    -,   i>Z.  -en,    freedom, 

liberty. 
$rettog,  m.  -eg,  pi.  -e,  Friday. 
Jyrcntu,  ad/,  foreign,  strange ;  -ttJOVt, 

7i.  -eg,  jpZ.  -robrter,  foreign  word. 
SJretttbe,  m.  and/,  foreigner,  stranger. 


334 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


$rcf[C!t,  o.  c,  tr.  to  eat  ;  devour. 

3ffCUl)C,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  joy,  pleasure. 

$rCUClt,  r.  to  rejoice  ;  imp.  e§  fltttt 
mid),  I  am  glad. 

ftlCUIlu,  m.  -c$,pl.  -e,  friend. 

greunfcfdjaft,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  friend- 
ship. 

$ricben,  w.  -#,  peace. 
gfrtefceridj,  see  ^riebridj. 

Jvricurid),  m.  -3,  Frederick. 
^fftCTCtt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  freeze  ;  imp., 

tr.  eg  fricrt  Httd),  I  am  cold. 
$rtfdj,  «f//.  fresh,  new,  gay  ;  —  auf ! 

int.  onward  !   up  ! 
2?ttfc,  ™-  ~en$  (abbreviation  of  ^rtC* 

J)ridj),  Freddy. 

grofj,  off-  glad- 

^rb&Itd),  adj.  cheerful,  gay,  jovial. 
$romi!t,  adj.  pious,  innocent. 
(Vrommcn,  intr.  to  avail,  profit. 
Srild)t,  /•  -,  pi.  %rM)k,  fruit. 
$rit(),  «$•  early. 
$nt(jer,  a#.  former. 


SfriiljftltfJ,    m.    -8,  pi.    -e,    spring  ; 

-SlllUlttC,    /.     -     pi.    -It,    vernal 

flower. 
$udjg,  m.  -e$,  jtf.  8fii<$fe,  fox. 
$iigett,  *r.  to  submit. 
Stiffen,  tr.  to  feel. 
ftiifjren,  tr.  lead,  guide ;  ffmjte'ren 

— ,  to  take  on  a  walk. 

$uljrer,  m.  -§,  pi.  -,  guide,  com- 
mander. 

ftiWctt,  tr.  to  fill. 

gunfcit,  m.  -3,  _p*.  -,  spark. 

%UV,  prep.  for. 

JyUl'djt&or,  a#.  fearful,  terrible. 

$iird)tett,  &*.  to  fear. 

^riirft,  m.  -en,  jpZ.  -en,  prince. 

gurfHirfj,  adj.  princely. 

^fiirftJOtt,  n.  -ti,pl.  -sorter,  pronoun. 

gltfe,  m.  -c3,  ^Z.  giifee,  foot ;  -feofcett, 
f».  -a,  pi.  -fcobert,  floor  ;  — trtttr 
on.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  footstep. 

Sutll'rum,  n.  -4,  ^.  githtra,  the  fu- 
ture tense. 


©afcel,  /.  -,  pi  -n,  fork. 

©tttfCW,  info*,  to  gaggle  ;    gabble  ; 

cackle. 
©ttfjnett,  ».  -3,  yawning. 
®O0tClt,  w.  -3,  Gaul,  Gallia. 
h  /•  -#  pl-  ®^nfe,  goose. 

arf/.  whole,  all,  complete  ; 
adv.  quite,  wholly,  entirely,  com- 
pletely ;  —  unto  gar  nidjt,  not  at 

all. 
©Ottjlid),  adj.  whole,  total. 
%tLX,  adv.  quite,  entirely,  very,  at 

all. 


©ttrten,  m.  -3,  j?Z.  ©arten,  garden  ; 
-IjaiUJ,  n.  -e$,  ^Z.  -tyaufer,  summer- 
house. 

©iirtner,  m.  -3,.pZ.  -,  gardener. 

©itrtnertn,  /.  -  pi-  -nen,  (female) 

gardener. 
©Cfia'rCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  bring  forth  ; 

bear. 
©C&iiu'be,  ».  -3/  !>!«  -  building. 
®CDCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  give. 
©CDCf ,  »<  -e$#  #Z.  -e,  prayer. 
©efitcf ,  w.  -e3,  joZ.  -e,  department. 
©e&ie'iCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  command. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


S35 


©efite'ter,  m.  -$,  pl.  -,  master. 

©cfitr'gc,  11.  -§,pl.  -,  chain  of  moun- 
tains ;  mountainous  region. 

©cfilctdjf,  adj.  bleached. 

©cbraitrfj',  m.  -e$,  pi.  -brducfye,  use, 
custom. 

©e&rttU'djeit,  tr.  to  employ,  use. 

©cbrc'j^CH,  o.  c,  imp.  to  be  want- 
ing. 

©cfcritljf,  w.  -e&,  roaring. 

©C&iitff,  «flj/.  bowed,  crooked. 

©e&iifj'ren,  intr.  to  be  due. 

©cBii^'rcnb,  <w#.  due. 

©cburt',  /•  -,  pi-  -en,  birth. 

©Cbiir'ttg,  adj.  native. 

©Cfcatfjt'nifc,  *.  -e3,  memory. 

©efoan'fe,  m.  -n,  ^?z.  -rt,  thought. 

©CtlCtt'fcn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  be  mindful 
of. 

©ebidjf,  w.  -e3,  jt?Z.  -f,  poem. 

©efaljr',  /.  -,  |»Z.  -en,  danger. 

©efdfjr  ltd),  af#.  dangerous. 

©cfal'Ic,  ».  -3,  jbZ.  -,  fall,  descent. 

©efttnen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  please  ;  lOtC 
gcfdllt  c0  Sfjnen?  how  do  you 
like  it  ?  fid)  —  faffeit,  to  agree, 
submit  to. 

©CfdnigfJ,  adv.  if  you  please. 

©efan'flen  itcfjmcn,  to  take  pris- 
oner. 

©efttltgeitC,  m.  and/,  prisoner. 

®efait'0enfdjaftr  /.  -  captivity,  im- 
prisonment. 

(Sfefattg'mB,  11.  -e»,  pi.  -e,  prison. 

0egClt,  prep,  towards,  to,  against ; 
-flanfc,  m.  -e$,  pi.  — flanbc,  object, 
subject  ;  im  -tljril,  on  the  con- 
trary ;  -filler,  prep,  over  against, 
opposite  to ;  -to  art,  /•  -,  presence  ; 

-toarttg,  adj.  present ;  -toiirtig, 

adv.  at  present. 
©fgcniJ,/.  -,  pi.  -en,  region. 

©eljiiufe,  w.  -$,  ^z.  -  shell. 


©eljcit,  o.  c,  infe*.  to  go,  walk. 
©eplj',  ».  -?$,pl.  -c,  woods. 
©eljor'djen,  wtfr.  to  obey. 
©efjii'ren,  wtfr.  to  belong. 
©eljor'fam,  adj.  obedient. 

&/>  -Pl-  -en,  goat. 
\,  m.  -e$,  pl.  -er,  ghost,  spirit, 

soul,  genius. 
©etfltg,  adj.  spirituous  ;  spiritual. 
©eifUidj,  adj.  religious. 
©CtJ,  m.-ti,  avarice  ;  -Jjttll,  m.  -t§, 

pl.  -fjctlfe,  miser,  niggard. 
©Ci^tgc,  m.  andf.  miser. 
©efruitttttf,  adj.  crooked. 
(Beltt'ge,  n.  -3,  j£>?.  -,  feast,  banquet. 
©etttlt'gen,  intr.  to  reach  at ;  come 

to. 
Gtelttf'fen,  adj.  calm. 
©eft),  adj.  yellow. 
®eli),  «.  -e3,  pl.  -er,  money. 
©Cle'gcn,  a#.  situated. 
(Melj'rig,  «$'.  docile. 
(Meljr'famfett,/.  -  learning. 
©eleljr'te,  m.  learned  man. 
©eltcfif,  cw#.  beloved. 
Okliltgctt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  succeed. 
(BtlttU,  o.  c,  intr.    to   be   worth  ; 

fid)  geltcnb  ntadjen,  to  become 

obvious. 

©emad)',  n.  -e3,  pl.  -madjer,  room, 
chamber. 

©emiir&e,  n.  -§,pl.  -,  picture,  paint- 
ing ;  -fammlitng,  /.  -,  pl.  -en, 
collection  of  pictures. 

©cntCtn'fam,  adj.  common. 

©CmfCltjtt'gcr,  m.  -3,  pl.  -,  chamois- 
hunter. 

©emut!)',  n.  -e$,  pl.  -er,  mind,  dis- 
position; -gntfje,/.  -,  tranquillity 
of  mind. 

©CttOU',  adj.  exact. 

©Clte'fCtt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  recover. 

©Cntttl',  o#*.  genial. 


336 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


©C1UC',  n.  -3,  pi.  -4,  genius. 

©eitte'fecit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  enjoy. 

©CttitiD,  to.  *4,pi.  -tt  genitive  case. 

©Cltof ' fe,  m.  -n,  pi.  -it,  comrade. 

©CHUd,  »t.  -3,  Genoa. 

©Cltlig',  <wft;.  enough. 

©COgra'Mtfd),  «#  geographical. 

©COttlC'tcr,  «.  -*i  J»/.  -  surveyor. 

©Crtt'bC,  «#.  straight  ;  cwfo.  just. 

©ertiufd)',  *.  -cd,  jrf.  -e,  noise  ■ 
-tiott,  adj.  noisy. 

©Crtd)t',  adj.  just,  righteous. 

©eridjtS '(jaflC,  /.  -  pi.  ~n,  session- 
hall. 

©crma'tte,  »»•  -n,#Z.  -n,  German. 

©crmtt'ntCtt,  ».  -$,  Germany. 

©crma'ttifdj,  adj.  Germanic. 

©em,  adv.  willingly,  readily,  cheer- 
fully, intentionally. 

©mid)',  m  -*$,  pl-  — riidr>e,  odor  ; 
-§finn,  to.  -e$,  sense  of  smelling. 

©cfttmmt'lttnOC  /.  -  whole  length. 

©Cftfjdft',  *•  -C*«  j^-  -t»  business. 

©efdje'ljcn,  o.  c,  mZr.  to  he  done. 

©efdjidj'te,  /•  -  pi-  T"»i  history, 
story. 

©efdjtdjt'lidj,  adj.  historical. 

©efdjidjt'fdjretber,  to.  -3,  pi.  -,  his- 
torian. 

©efd)tlft',  adj.  skilful. 
'©efdjlcdjf,  »•  -e3,  pi.  -ftt  genus; 

gender  ;  -gett&Uttg,  /.  -,  pi-  "en» 

gender-ending. 
©efdjmaif ,  to.  -e*,j>*.  -fumade,  taste, 

savor. 
©efd)toci'gen,   o.   c.,   intr.   to  pass 

over  in  silence. 
©efd)touY,  »■  -es,  y.  -f,  ^cer. 
©Cfd'tcil,   &*•   awrf  r.   to  associate, 

join. 
©efefl'fdjttft,  /•  -  pl.-*n,  company, 

society. 


©Cfctt'fdjaftltdj,  adj.  sociable,  social. 

©efcfc',  n.  -tb,  pi.  -e,  law  ;  -gc&er, 
m.  -§,pl.  -,  legislator,  lawgiver. 

©efefct,'  adj.  steady  ;  settled. 

©eftdjt',  *.  -c$,  pi.  -er,  face. 

©cfjtiin'big,  ad/,  confessing. 

©cfittt'ten,  «rJ  to  allow,  grant. 

©effcrtt,  acfo.  yesterday. 

©Cfunfc',  adj.  sound,  healthy. 

©Cfunfc'ljctt,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  health, 
soundness. 

©Ctrtttt'fC,  to.  -3,  ^Z.  -  drink. 

©Cfottljr'  ttlcr&Ctt,  to  perceive. 

©Ctottl'ttg,  adj.  powerful,  great. 

©ertldr'tig,  adj.  expecting. 

©ctoin'ncn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  win. 

©Ctoifj',  ac?/.  certain. 

©eHjif'feit,  n.  -3,  conscience. 

©CtWB'ljCtt,  /•  -i  p*.  -en,  certainty, 
evidence. 

©ettJtt'ter,  ».  -3,  pi.  -,  thunder- 
storm. 

©CtBOfj'tten,  tr.  and  r.  to  accustom. 

©etobljtt'lidj,  adj.  general,  usual. 

©CttJOljnt',  adj.  accustomed. 

©etoiilte,  ».  -«,  i>z.  -,  clouds. 

©if tt0,  «$'.  venomous. 

©Ittcefjantifdiulj,  to.  -e«,  ^.  -e,  kid- 
glove. 

©Ittttj,  to.  -e8,  lustre,  brightness, 
pomp,  glance  ;  -tJOfl,  a^'.  blil- 
liant,  splendid,  grand. 

©IttltJCtt,  intr.  to  glitter. 

©Itt8,  «•  -e3,  pZ.  ®ldfer,  glass. 

©Itttt,  adj.  smooth. 

©tttU&ett,  tr.  to  believe,  think. 

©IttUGfourfclig,  adj.  authentic. 

©letdj,  adj.  like,  alike;  adv.  im- 
mediately; -jetttg,  adj.  simul- 
taneous. 

©letdjett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  equal. 

©liel),  n.  -e8,  i?Z.  -er,  limb,  member. 


GERMAN-EXGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


337 


©fotfe,  /•  -,  pi.  %  bell,  clock  ; 
-formtg,  adj.  bell-shaped  ;  -ge* 
loute,  n.  -§,  pealing  of  bells. 

©tiltf,  n.  -t$,  luck,  fortune,  happi- 
ness. 

©lUtffidj,  adj.  lucky,  happy,  fortu- 
nate, successful. 

©IhJltOtljcf,/.  -,  Glyptothek. 

©naoe,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  grace,  mercy. 

©Ott),  n.  -e3,  gold. 

©Ofoett,  adj.  golden. 

©bnnen,  tr.  to  permit,  not  to  envy. 

©OrOtfdj,  adj.  Gordian. 

(gorilla,  m.  -3, pi.  -3,  gorilla. 

©otfje, m-  _n*  p1-  ~n>  Goth ;  -nljcer, 

n.  -ti,pl.  -e,  Gothic  army  ;  -rctdjj, 
n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  kingdom  of  the 
Goths. 

©Otljtfdj,  a<#.  Gothic. 

©Ott,  m.  -t$,pl.  ©otter,  God. 

©rofe,  w.  -e3,  ^?Z.  ©rctber,  grave, 
tomb. 

©ro&ett,  o.  c,  tr.  to  dig. 

©roben,  m.  -$,  pi.  ©rciben,  ditch. 

©rOD,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  degree  ;  grade. 

©rof,  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  count,  earl. 

©rotttmo'ttf ,  f.  -  J»Z.  -en,  grammar. 

©rOtttmo'ttfer,  m,  -$,  ^.  -,  gram- 
marian. 

©rommo'ttfttj,  adj.  grammatical. 

©roS,  n.  -t$,  pi.  ©rcifer,  grass ; 
-fjltjlfcr,  w.  -$,  pi.  -,  grasshopper. 

©WU,  adj.  gray ;  icr  -C  ©Of,  grizzly 
bear. 

©roUCtt,  ».  -8,  terrible  fear. 


©raultdj,  ad/,  horrible,  horrid. 

©renje,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  limit. 

©rtedje,  m.  -n,  pi.  -n,  Greek. 

©rtedjenlono,  n.  -$,  Greece. 

©rtCttjifdj,  «<#•  Greek. 

©ritte,  /•  -  pi-  -n,  cricket. 

©rintmtg,  adj.  ferocious. 

©rott,  m.  -e<3,  grudge,  ill-will. 

©rotten,  intr.  to  roll. 

©rofe,  adj.  large,  big,  great  ;  -muU 
ter,  /.  -  pi.  -niiitter,  grandmother ; 
-DOter,  m.  -3,  pi.  -setter,  grand- 
father. 

©fbfje, /•"",  pi- -n,  greatness ;  grand- 
eur ;  nmoojj,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  meas- 
ure of  size. 

©rofcClttljetfS,  adv.  for  the  most 
part. 

©run,  adj.  green. 

©mno,  m.  -e$,  pi.  ©runbe,  ground ; 
foundation  ;  Jtt  —  geljcn,  to  per- 
ish ;  Jtt  —  Hegen,  to  be  founded 
on  ;  jtt  —  rittjten,  ruin  ;  destroy. 

©riinben,  tr.  to  ground,  found. 

©riinoung,  /-  -,  pi.  -en,  founda- 
tion. 

©rujijie,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  group. 

®rnppi'xtn,  tr.  to  group. 

©riijjen,  tr.  to  greet,  salute. 

©nmmiuberfdjulj,   m.  -e«,  pi.  -e, 

rubber-overshoe. 
©UttfHg,  adj.  favorable. 
©Uflob,  m.  -3,  Gustavus. 
©Ut,  adj.  good  ;  afto.  well. 
©lite, /.  -,  goodness,  kindness. 


0. 


$oor,  w.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  hair ;  -oiirfle, 

/.  -,  pi.  -n,  hair-brush. 
fta&C,  /.  -,  property,  fortune. 
22 


$fl6en,  a.,  tr.  mid  aux.  to  have. 
£>nl)fua)t,  /.  -,  avidity  ;  avarice. 
•£)ODCr,  in.  -$>,  quarrel. 


338 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


$afett,  m.  -$,  pi.  £dfen,  harbor. 

£afcr,  m.  -$,  oats. 

^0gr  'in-  -&$  pi-  -*i  woods. 
£agcln,  imp.  to  liail. 
£all),  adj.  half. 

golb,  ^afben,  and  Ijalkr,  prep,  on 
account  of. 

gitffte,/.  -,pl-  -n,half. 

£al8,  m.  -*3,  pi-  £alfe,  neck. 

£>nltcn,  o.  c,  /r.  to  hold  ;  keep  ; 
—  fiitr  to  consider. 

jammer,  «*•  -S,  i^-  £antmer,  ham- 
mer. 

£atlfc,  /•  -  pi.  $&*«»  hand ;  -f(l)rift, 
/.  -,  j?Z.  -cn,  handwriting,  manu- 
script ;  -ff^U^r  m.  -e3,  i?Z.  -e, 
glove. 

$andcfn,  ft",  to  treat  ;  to  act. 

ganMung,  /•  -  v1-  -***  action. 

£>aiigcit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  hang;  cling. 

gfUlgCIt,  tr.  to  hang. 

^Ormlo0,  adj.  harmless. 

^ttrt,  adj.  hard. 

£iirte,  /.  -,  pi-  -n,  severity,  crude- 

ness. 
gafe,  m.  -tt,  pi.  -n,  hare. 
£(tjj,  m-  -&,  hate,  hatred. 
£affClt,  tr.  to  hate. 

gafelidJ*  *<#•  ugly- 

£uft,  /•  -  haste. 
£iiufig,  adj.  frequent. 
gdttpt,   n.  -€*,  i>Z.  £aupter,  head  ; 
-nn$tel)ung8tmnft,  m.  -e«,  ^J.  -c, 

chief  point  of  attraction  ;  -ttUgcn= 
tltcrf  r  *■  -eS»  chief  point  of  view  ; 
-Dialect,  w.  -c3,  i?Z.  -e,  leading 
dialect ;  -f ad)Ud),  «&"•  main,  essen- 
tial ;  -fa^„  m.  -«*/  K  -&&>  Prin- 
cipal  sentence  ;  -jttttot,  /•  -,  pi- 
-ftabte,  capital ;  -ftaitUtt,  m.  -e$, 
_pZ.  -jlamme,  chief  tribe  ;  -toort, 
7i.  -e$,  £>Z.  -worter,  noun,  substan- 
tive. 


$au$,  w.  -e«,  jri.  £aufer,  house,  man- 
sion ;  ttttd)  -C,  home  ;  gu  -e,  at 
home  ;  -ffalt,  i».  -C$,pl.  -t,  house- 
hold. 

$0U3d)C!t,  7i.  -3,  ^.  -,  little  house, 
cottage. 

gcbClt,  o.  C,  fr.  to  take. 

gcer,  n.  -f^  ^Z.  -e,  army  ;  -Ijaufeit, 
m.  -§,  pi.  -  corps,  division. 

^eftifl,  «<#.  violent. 

gcil,  7i.  -e3,  welfare. 

$etfanfc,  m.  -ed,  pi.  -e,  Saviour. 

gcilctt,  ^r.  to  cure,  heal. 

£ci(tg,  «<#.  holy. 

Qtimatf),  f-  -  pi.  -en,  home. 

getlttdjen,  n.  -3,  pi.  -,  cricket. 

§etmtfd|,  ad/,  domestic,  indigenous. 

£einriff),  ».  -$,  Henry. 

&eijj,  «<#•  hot. 

getfeen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  call  j  be  called  ; 

bid,  tell  ;  be  ;  mean. 
getter,  adj.  bright,  clieerful. 

£efbencl)ref  /.   -,  pi.  -n,  hero's 

honor. 
gelbengrao,  n.  -z§,  pi.  -gra&er,  hero's 

tomb. 
gelbenmut^  m.  -e<?,  heroism. 
gelfcn,  o.  c,  intr.  to  help. 
geltie'tifd),  ad?.  Helvetic. 
genite,  /•  -,  pi  -n,  hen. 
get,  a^y.  hither. 

gerali'fiurj,  ra.-e<3,  jtd.-jhirje,  descent. 
§CMUf ,  adv.  upwards. 
Ocrouft  dim,  intr.  to  hasten  out. 

$erau8'gaoe,  /.  -,  j&  -n,  publica- 
tion. 
gerauS'treifieit,  o.  c,  &-.  drive  out. 
gerbei'jtc^cn,  o.  c,  ft*,  to  conduct 

hither  or  back. 

gerlierge,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  shelter. 

^CtBfi,  ni.  -t§,  pi.  -e,  autumn,  fall. 
$erfce,  /•  -»  J*t  ~n,  herd  ;  flock. 

gcrjltegen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  fly. 


GERMAN-EXGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


339 


#entadj',  adv.  after  that. 

genue'bcr,  adv.  down. 

$err,  m.  -en  or  -n,  pi.  -en  or  -n, 
gentleman,  Mr.,  sir,  Lord. 

$errltd},  «wfr\  glorious,  splendid, 
grand,   excellent. 

QtXtWfyt  tit,  f.  -,  pi.  -en,  grandeur. 

gerrfdjaft,  /.  -  jrf.  -en,  domina- 
tion, government. 

$crrfd)ett,  intr.  to  rule,  reign  ;  to 
prevail. 

$errfd)Cr,  m.  -$,pl.  -,  ruler. 

$CTU!tt'r  adv.  round  about. 

gcrum'ttetfeett,  o.  c,  r.  to  wander 
about. 

$ert)0r',  adv.  forth,  out. 

#ert»or/brtngen,  a.,  tr.  to  produce. 

^crtior'ljc&eit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  render 
prominent. 

$ert)Or'ra$}Clt,  intr.  to  be  promi- 
nent, project. 

$crbor'treten,  o.  c,  wrfr.  to  come 

out. 
$erj,  «.  -en3,  ;?7.  -en,  heart. 
.^Crjltrfj,  adj.  hearty,  affectionate. 
^erjOg,  to.  -<?,  j9Z.  -$egc,  duke. 

£eu,  n.  -c3,  hay  ;  -f djretf  e,  /.  -  pL 

-n,  locust. 

§eudjclet',  /.  -,  £>Z.  -en,  dissimula- 
tion. 

§Cltte,  arfo.  to-day  ;  —  5l6citt),  this 
evening  ;  —  SMorgcit,  this  morn- 
ing ;  —  $ttdjt,  to-night. 

$eutt0,  ac#.  of  this  day  ;  to-day's. 

fjicr,  acfe.  here  ;  —  $U  fiance,  in 
this  country  ;  -fjer,  hither,  here. 

#tmmc(,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  heaven,  sky. 

$tlt,  adv.  thither,  there. 

•£>tltnll',  adv.  down,  downward  ;  totC 
Xxcptyt  — ,  down  stairs  ;  —  nefj* 
tnctt,  0.  c,  tr.  to  take  down  ; 
-fkifJClt,  0.  c,  intr.  to  descend  ; 
-fjfiirjen,  tr.  to  cast  down. 


$ittttUf,  adv.  up,  upward ;  fcte 
3?rCj)J)e  — ,  up  stairs. 

IMltblttf,  to.  -cS,  regard. 

§itli)CrUtf),  ck#.  hindering;  obstruc- 
tive. 

§mehl',  adv.  in  it,  into  it  ;  -fettfCtt, 
tr.  to  sink  into. 

<§ittgeljett,  0.  c,  intr.  to  go  thither. 

§tnglcttett,  0.  c,  intr.  to  glide,  flow. 

^tttridjten,  ft*,  to  put  to  death. 

§tnfc$en,  r.  to  sit  down. 
•gjittftdjt,  /.  -1  p?.  -en,  respect,  view. 
§tntfff  jwep.  behind. 

gtnun'ter,  «^.  down ;  -fatten,  0.  c, 

intr.  to  drop,  fall. 

Qittt,  to.  -n,  pi.  -n,  shepherd. 

^tSJm'ntCtt,  ».  -4*  Spain. 

^tfto'rifdj,  adj.  historical. 

^C,/.   -,  heat. 

pullCl,  to,  -3,  ^/.  -,  plane. 

§OflJ,  <w#.  high,  lofty ;  -fccutfflj,  0#V 
High  German  ;  -fttttt),  n.  -t$,  pi. 
-c,  highland  ;  -fdjottfattfc,  n.  -$, 
highlands  of  Scotland. 

#oajff,  adv.  {sup.  o/ljottj),  extremely. 

|>ijdj  ft  Clt3,  cwfo.  at  most. 

gjjf ,  to.  -e3, _pZ.  £ijfe,  court ;  -f  JirttOje, 
/.  -,  jpJ.  -n,  court-language. 

$0ffett,  Jr.  to  hope. 

§offnutt0,  /.  -,  pi-  -en,  hope. 

giiije,  /.  -,  pi-  -»»  height,  hill. 

gbljluna,,  /.  -  jrf.  -en,  hollow,  ex- 
cavation. 

§oU),  «$'.  favorable. 

gotctt,  tr.  to  go  for,  get,  go  to  get, 
bring,  haul. 

$olj,  n.  -&,pl.  ^oljer,  wood ;  -{jttUCr, 
w.  -3,  pi.  -/wood-cutter  ;  -foljfe, 
/.  -,  pi.  -n,  charcoal. 

§oni0fauger,  to.  -3,  jrf.  -  humming- 
bird. 

ftbrcit,  ft*,  to  hear  ;  listen. 

£ubfd),  arf;.  pretty. 


340 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


$ltfcifeit,  ».  -3,  pi.  -,  horse-shoe. 
£>ul}n,  n.  -c3,  pi.  £itfmcr,  fowl. 
|jiUfe,  /.  -  help,  aid,  assistance. 
$itlfl0$,  adj.  helpless. 
$iUfgtrUf)J)en,  pi.  auxiliary  forces. 
£>ulf§ber&,  ».  -$,  pi-  -en,  auxiliary 

verb. 
^urfSjctftoort,   *.  -«*>  J*»  -rcortcr, 

auxiliary  verb. 
Stiffen,  tr.  to  envelop. 
gunfc,  w.  -e$,  j&  -e,  dog. 


$iin&djen,  n.  -«,  jrf.  -,  little  dog. 
gltngcr,    m.   -4,   hunger;    -gnotlj, 

f.  -,  famine. 
^Ullgcrn,  intr.  and  imp.  to  hunger, 

be  hungry. 

$unne,  m.  -n,  pi.  -n,  Hun ;  nljerr* 

fdjttft,  /•  -  reign  of  the  Huns. 
gut,  m.  -es,  pi.  £iite,  hat ;  -uiirfite, 

/.  -,  pi.  -n,  hat-brush. 
•£)Uten,  tr.  to  heed  ;  to  keep. 
glitte,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  hut,  cottage. 


%tf),  pron.  I. 

3  Or,  jw»».  you,  ye  ;  her ;  their  ; 
your. 

31jrc  and  Sljrige  (bcr,  i>ter  ims), 

pron.  hers  ;  theirs  ;  yours. 
3ltt,  contraction  of  in  fceitt  (24.  2.). 

Smmcr,  «<*>.  always ;  —  meljr, 

more  and  more  ;  -fedf,  aefo.  al- 
ways, ever. 

Smjicrattll,  m-  -$,  pi-  -*,  imperative 
mood  ;  -forttt,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  form 
of  the  imperative. 

3mjl  erf  eft,  n.  -*&,  pi.  -e,  imperfect 
tense. 

^nt|JOni'ren,  intr.  to  impress ;  strike ; 
awe. 

«3n,  prep,  into,  to ;  in ;  at ;  within  ; 
during ;  in*  Unfc  ttU0lttltbif^,  na- 
tive and  foreign. 

Snfcem',  &  while. 

^nuiftttiD,  m.  -4,  pi.  -e,  indicative 
mood. 

SniJtrect,  adj.  indirect. 

Sttfcifd),  adj.  Indian. 

Snbo*CUro^dif^,  adj.  Indo-Euro- 
pean. 


^ttbuftrte',  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  industry  ; 
-OUgfMnng,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  ex- 
hibition of  industrial  products. 

SnftmtitJ,  m.  -&,  pi.  -e,  infinitive 
mood. 

^nljatt,  in.  -eS,  pi.  -e,  contents. 

^nfiittbifdj,  adj.  native. 

$ttnere,  n.  inside,  interior. 

^ tllter,  adj.  inner,  interior. 

^nnerfjttll),  prep,  within,  inside  of. 

^nntgf eit,  /•  -  heartiness. 

■3>n#,  contraction  of  in  bll3. 

3ttf  d|rtft,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  inscription. 

^nfeft',  n.  -ti,  pi.  -en,  insect. 

Snfcl,  /•  -,  pi.  -n,  island. 

$nfofew',  adv.  and  c.  so  far  as. 

Sntereffi'ren,  tr.  to  interest. 

Stttcrreg'num,  n.  -8,  interregnum. 
Sntranflttb,  adj.  intransitive. 
Srtt'nifdj,  adj.  Eranian. 

Srgenb  ein,  eine,  ein,  some  one, 

any  one. 
3r0enb  (SttBttS,  anything. 
Srrtljum,  m.  -eS,  pi.  -turner,  error. 
^Slflllt),  n.  -3,  Iceland. 
Sfoli'ren,  tr.  to  isolate. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


341 


Sto'Iien,  »•  ~*i  Italy. 
StaltCUCf,  m.  -$,  pi.  -  Italian. 

Stalte'nertu,  /.  -,  pi.  -nen,  Italian 

(lady). 


Sttttte'ltifdj,  adj.  Italian. 
Sttt'ltfOJ,   «<#.    Italian ;    -t    SjHW 
ttjett,  Italic  or  Italian  languages. 


3d,  adv.  yes,  yea  ;  —  tooljl,  yes  ii 


Sttgtl,/.  -,pl.  -en,  chase;  hunting. 
Stt0Cr,  m.  -§,pl.  -,  hunter. 
Sill),  «$'.  abrupt ;  steep. 
Sttljr,  n.  -eS,  jpZ.  -e,  year  ;  -eSjett, 

/.  -  ^Z.  -en,  season  of  the  year  ; 

-(juttfcert,  ».  -3,  ^-  ~e»  century. 
Sommcr,  m.  -$,  misery. 
Sautmertt,  intr.  to  lament. 
^flttUttr,  m.  -&,  pi.  -e,  January. 
Se,  adv.  ever  ;  —  ...  fceflo,  or  — 

.  •  .  Uttt  fo,  the  .  .  .  the  ;  —  itttdj' 

bent',  according  as. 
Sc&Cf,    jC&e,    jcfceg,    j?r<m.    every  ; 

each. 
Sefcermatttt,  pron.  everybody. 
^Cfccrjeit,  adv.  at  any  time. 
Scbott)',  c.  however  ;  though. 


Semaiti),  pron.  somebody,  anybody. 

^CUatftfj,  adj.  of  Jena. 

fetter,  jeUC,  jCUeS,  pron.  that ;  the 

former. 
Settfett  and  jcnfcttg,  prep,  beyond  j 

on  the  other  side. 
Se#t,  adv.  now. 
^0(|,  m.  -e$,  j»Z.  -e,  yoke. 
SoIjaUU,  ra.  -3,  John. 
Sowna!',  ».  -e8,  j??.  -e,  magazine, 

journal. 
SufctfOj,  flk#.  Jewish. 

Sugcnb,  /.  -  youth  ;  -fotfe,  /.  - 

pi.  -n,  youthful  ringlet. 
Suit,  m.  July. 
$UU0,  a#.  young. 
SuUflflttlt,  /.  -pi.  -en,  virgin,  maid. 
3uit0ltlt0,  m.  S,  pi.  -e,  young  man. 
Sunt,  m.  June. 


St, 


Coffee,  m.  -3,  coffee. 

$ttft0,  m.  -3,  jtf.  -e,  cage. 

^tttfer,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  emperor ; 
-frone,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  imperial 
crown  ;  -rettf),  w.  -c$,  joZ.  -e,  em- 
pire ;  -tuiil'i)e,  /.  -,  imperial  dig- 
nity. 

fiaif ertn,  /.  -  pi.  -nen,  empress. 

ftatferliOj,  adj.  imperial. 
Jtttlfortifl,  adj.  calcareous. 


$ttlt,  adj.  cold. 

fttttncrafo',  m*  -e3,  pi.  -en,  comrade. 

$amtn',  m.  and  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  fire- 
place. 

ft  etntpf ,  wi.  -e$,  ^/.  $ampfe,  combat ; 
battle  ;  -Begtcr,  /.  -  eager  desire 
for  the  combat  ;  -fjHCl,  n.  -e$, 
jpl.  -e,  combat. 

®amj)fegtocife,  /.  -  pi.  -Xi,  manner 
of  lighting. 


342 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


$amn'djen,  n.  -6,  pi.  -,  rabbit. 

®aniUi'ipvati)tf  f.  -,pl.  -n,  language 

of  the  court-office. 
Rati,  TO.  -§,  Charles. 

^orottn'ger,  to.  -*,  pi  -#  Carlovin- 

gian. 

^iirr'ncr,  m.  -3,  pi.  -  carman,  dray- 
man. 

®iife,  TO.  -3,  pi.  -,  cheese. 

$afuS,  to.  -  pi.  -,  case. 

Alntnrof t't  to.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  cataract. 

$0ftdjettf  n.  -$,  pi.  -  pussy-cat; 
little  cat. 

$ai?e,  /  -  pi  -n,  cat. 

.Vioilfcit,  tr.  to  buy,  purchase. 

$ihlf tV,  to.  -§,  pi.  -,  purchaser. 

$ttUfmann,  to.  -i§,  pi.  -leute,  mer- 
chant. 

$QUm,  adv.  scarcely. 

$Clf,  adj.  fearless,  bold. 

£ef)rcit,  tr.  to  sweep. 

tfcttinfdjrtft,  /•  -  pi.  -en.  Cunei- 
form ;  %d)amenn>tf(f)e  -Clt,  Cu- 
neiforms of  the  time  of  the  Achae- 
menides. 

Ihttt,  fetne,  fettt,  adj.  no  ;  none. 

teller,  to.  -3,  pi.  -,  cellar. 

£cfltter,  to.  -$,  pi.  -  waiter. 

itClUtCIt,  a.,  tr.  to  know;  be  ac- 
quainted with  ;  —  IctltClt,  to  be- 
come acquainted  with. 

£enntntfer  /.  -  pi.  -t,  knowledge, 
acquirement. 

^Crfcr,  to.  -3,  pi.  -,  prison,  dun- 
geon. 

®tttt,  f.  -  pi.  -it,  chain  ;  -Briitfc, 
/.  -  pi.  -it,  chain-bridge. 

£intl,  n.  -t$,pl.  -er,  child. 

$ilt!t,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  chin. 

ftta$e,/.-,  pl.-n,  church;  -nfjiradje, 

/.  -  ^Z.  -n,  language  of  the  church. 
IHrfdjC,  /•  -,jrf.  -n,  cherry. 
H(aglitf),  adj.  lamentable  ;  doleful. 


IHammcrn,  r.  to  clasp,  cling  to. 

ttfapjirrn,  intr.  to  clatter. 
$lar,  adj.  clear. 
£lttff  e,  /•  -,  pi.  -n,  class. 
$lttfftf er,  to.  -S,  pi.  -  classic. 

Plainer',  n.  -e«,  i>Z.  -e,  piano ;  — 

fptclcit,  to  play  on  the  piano. 

JtlClU,  ».  -e^/  JP&  -W#  garment,  dress ; 

-erbiirfte,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  clothes- 
brush. 

®Uin,  adj.  little,  small ;  -ntfftfdj, 

ae?;'.  Small-Russian. 
mi|i|icr  /•  -,pl.  -n,  cliff;  -ngtyfel, 

m.  -§,  pi.  -,  summit  of  the  cliffs. 
AHltfl,  «*(/•  prudent,  shrewd. 

$na&e,  to.  -a,  #z.  -n,  boy. 

tnotcn,  to.  -$,  pi.  -,  knot. 

$0d),  to.  -t&,pl.  Stbfy,  cook. 

AtudjCtt,  to*,  to  boil,  cook. 

Coffer,  to.  -3,  jp£  -  coffer,  trunk. 

foijlfdjtolirj,  adj.  coal  black. 

ftoltfirt,  to.  -3,  $.  -&#  humming- 
bird. 

tbllt,  ».  -$,  Cologne. 

$0  liter,  adj.  of  Cologne. 

Colonic',  /•  -,  pi.  -«,  colony. 

ftommen,  o.  c,  m£r.  to  come. 

Hom|iaratibf  to.  -3,  jtf.  -e,  compara- 
tive degree. 

^Oni)itiontt'U0,  to.  -,  jpZ.  -,  condi- 
tional mood. 

®omg,  to.  -3,  pi.  -e,  king  ;  -rcic^r 
n.  -t$,  pi.  -e,  kingdom  ;  -gfrottC, 
/.  -,  £>Z.  -tt,  crown. 

^bnigin,  /.  -,  pi.  -nett,  queen. 

^btttglidj,  «<#.  royal. 

&UHUCU,  a.,  aux.  and  tr.  can,  may, 
to  be  able  ;  to  know,  understand  ; 
to  be  able  to  do  ;  id)  ftttttt  md)t 
Ulttljtn,    I    cannot    help    (doing, 

&c) ;   idj  fann  9litf)ti  fcafiir,  I 

cannot  help  it. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


343 


^OttfiantUtO'Jiel,  n.-4,  Constantino- 
ple. 

$Ojjf,  m.  -t$,  pi.  tfofcfe,  head  ;  ufttt 
ben  —  tDadjfcn,  to  become  too 
strong. 

$0t&,  m.  -t€,  pi.  $6rbe,  basket. 

&0M,  n.  -e$,  pi.  Corner,  grain ; 
corn,  rye. 

tfiirjier,  m.  -a,  jtf.  -,  body  ;  -griifce, 

/.  -,  pi.  -n,  size  of  the  body. 

fitoftbatf  adj.  costly,  expensive, 
precious,  valuable. 

itoflClt,  intr.  to  cost. 

itraf  t,  /•  -,  i^  tfrafte,  strength,  pow- 
er ;  prep,  by  virtue  of. 

$raUe,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  claw. 
Cramer,  m.  -*,  pi.  -  grocer. 
Jlranf,  adj.  sick. 
StranfJjeit,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  sickness, 

disease. 
ftvatll,  m.  -e3,  pi.  flranje,  circle. 
£reUic,/.  -,jrt.  -n,  chalk. 

&ret$r  m.  -e3,  ^?Z.  -t,  circle  ;  cir- 
cuit. 

$rCU$,  «.  -e«,  jtf .  -C,  cross  ;  -jug, 
m.  -e3,  pi.  -iuge,  crusade.      * 

$rteg,  m.  -&,  pi.  -e,  war ;  breiftigs 

jatjrtgc    — ,    thirty    years    war ; 


-£fcie!tft,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  military 
service ;  Sffagge,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  war- 
flag. 

tofofctf ,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  crocodile. 

®TOttCf/.  ->jrf.  -n,  crown. 

{frltlttltt,  adj.  crooked. 

tf  rtyftaU',  m.  -c«,  ^Z.  -e,  crystal. 

^Itdjeit,  «fc  -8,  jtf.  -,  cake. 

&Uge(,/.  -,  pi.  -it,  baU. 

*N)r/-  -,|&  -fiu^cow. 

&u()(,  ad?,  cool. 

,Uiil)llr  adj.  bold,  audacious. 

Summer,  m.  -$,  grief. 

&lttl&gebeit,  r.  to  make  known. 

ftliniltg,  adj.  acquainted  with. 

&Uttfttg,  adj.  future. 

Ultnfl,  /.  -  pi.  flunjle.  art. 

Mnfifer,  m.  -3,  ^.  -,  artist. 

AJiinftlcrifdj,  adj.  artistical. 
ftlljljiel,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  dome. 
Mditfe,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  pumpkin. 
$Uff  itrff,  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  elector. 
SUrfurfUtdHadjfifdj,    a<#.   relating 

to  the  electorate  of  Saxony. 
®ur$,    adj.    short ;     laconic  ;     ftor 

ft urjCttt,  a  short  time  ago  ;  adv. 

shortly,  in  short. 
$Utfdjer,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  coachman. 


8. 


fiadjett,  intr.  to  laugh,  smile. 
Sadjerltdj,   adj.  ridiculous ;    laugh- 
able. 
Saben,  m.  -$,  pi.  Cdben,  shop. 
Cacjcrtt,  r.  to  lie  down. 
Hulb,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  loaf  (of  bread). 
fiomm,  n.  -e3,  ^Z.  hammer,  lamb. 
fiammcrgetcr,  m.  -0,  ^.  -,  golden 

vulture. 


Sttmjie,/.  -pi.  -It,  lamp. 

fianfc,  *.  -t$,pl.  2dnber,  land,  coun- 
try ;  -gutr  w.  -e$,  2^-  ~Suter/  coun- 
try-seat ;  -fjauS,  w.  -e$,  jtf.  -fydufer, 
country-house ;  -tdttt,  /■  -,  pi-  _n, 
map  ;  -imntn,  m.  -e8,  pi.  -leute, 
farmer,  husbandman ;  -ft#,  ra.-eS, 
^Z.  -e,  country-seat  ;  -fira&e,  /.  - 
2?Z.  -tt,  highway. 


344 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


fioitfrett,  inir.  to  land. 

Suntordf pradjr,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  language 

of  the  country. 

fianfcfdjaft,/-  -,pl.  -en,  landscape. 

fiong,  adj.  long. 

fittltg  or  latlgC,  adv.  long,  a  long 
time. 

fifilige,/.  -,pl.  -n,  length. 

filing  lid),  adj.  ohlong. 

fiong|,.prep.  along. 

fiongfl,  adv.  long  ago. 

fioffett,  o.  c,  tfr.  aTwZ  awa;.  to  let, 
leave  ;  quit ;  permit,  allow  ;  or- 
der, cause  ;  make  do  ;  foUcit  — , 
drop. 

fiilffig,  ac?/.  burdensome,  trouble- 
some. 

fiotet'ntfdj,  adj.  Latin. 

fioitl),  7i.  -e3,  foliage,  leaves. 

fiottf,  m.  -t$,pl.  fidufe,  run,  course. 

fioufeit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  run. 

fiailtlC,  /.  -  pi.  -it,  humor,  caprice  ; 
whim. 

fittttt,  m.  -e3,  ^Z.  -e,  sound ;  -$etdjen, 
».  -3,  j9?.  -,  notation  of  sounds. 

Colli,  ae?/.  loud,  aloud. 

fioitt,  prep,  according  to. 

fi OUtcr,  adj.  pure  ;  mere. 

gotm'ne,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  avalanche. 

fiCDCtt,  intr.  to  live;  IcBcit  Sic 
tOflljl !  or  jfeoe  hioljl !  farewell  ! 

fieOCtl,  ».  -3,  .pZ.  -,  life. 

fiC&Cttgtoontoel,  m.  -3,  conduct. 

I'cDctDOfif,  ?i.  -e3,  farewell. 

ficfeljoft,  fl^/.  active,  lively. 

ficfccr,  n.  -3,  leather. 

fiefetg,  a#.  empty  ;  free. 

fieer,  &#.  empty. 

fiegen,  tr.  to  lay. 

fieljre,  /•  -,  pL  -n,  doctrine. 
Sejjreit,  tr.  to  teach,  instruct. 
fitter,   m.  -3,  i?Z.  -,   teacher,  in- 
structor. 


ficljrerin,  /.  -,  pi.  -nen,   (female) 

teacher. 
fieifi,  m.  -e§,  ^Z.  -er,  body. 
fieidjentoogen,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  hearse. 

ficidjttflltl,  m.  -e3,  jpZ.  -c,  corpse. 

fietdjt,  adj.  light ;  easy  ;  ready. 

fiefo,  71.  -e3,  woe,  pain  ;  eS  tfjttt  Wlir 
Icill,  1  am  sorry  for  it. 

fietbett,  o.  c,  tr.  to  suffer,  endure. 

fietoett,  n.  -4,  pi.  -,  suffering ;  ca- 
lamity. 

fictbCll&C,  m.  and/,  sufferer. 

fifi&f  nf  d)itf  L,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  passion. 

fifiljbtultotfjef,  /•  -,  pi.  -en,  circu- 
lating library. 

fieuitoonfc,/.  -  linen. 

I'rtji.vg,  »•  ~^/  Leipsic. 

fietfe,  ad;,  soft  ;  faint  ;  still. 

ficiftctl,  tr.  to  do,  render. 

ficitctl,  tr.  to  lead. 

fief  tton',  /•  -  pi.  -en,  lesson. 

fiettfett,  tr.  to  lead  ;  direct ;  turn. 

fieojiorfc',  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  leopard. 

ficmen,  *7^t\  to  learn. 

fiefCDltdj,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -bufytr,  reader. 

fief  en,  o.  c,  tr.  to  read. 

fictttfdj,  adj.  Lettonian,  Lettlandish. 

fiefct,  adj.  last. 

Severer,  lefctere,  lefctereS,  or  fcer, 

&IC,  J)0$  fiefctcre,  the  latter. 

fieil,  m.  -en,  jo?,  -en,  lion. 

ficudjteit,  intr.  to  shine,  flash. 

fieitte,  pi.  people. 

ficricogro'JlIjiflJir  adj.  lexicographi- 
cal. 

fiidjt,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e  and  -er,  light. 

filCD,  adj.  dear,  beloved. 

Sieoe,  /.  -,  love. 

fiteoett,  tr.  to  love. 
fiieftengtuurbig,  adj.  amiable,  lovely. 
fiicbel&Iitf,  m.-t$,pl.-t,  affectionate 

look. 
fiieb,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -er,  song. 


GERMAN- ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


345 


fitcffattfc,  n.  -eS,  Livonia. 

fitcgctt,  o.  c,  Mi£r.  to  lie ;  be  situ- 
ated. 

Silte,/.  -  ^.  -n,  lily. 

Sttlbcit,  pi.  name  of  a  street  (from 
ilic  fitttfce,  linden-tree,  bass- 
wood). 

fitnf,  adj.  left. 

fiittf£,  «^w.  on  the  left  hand. 

gi^cttt,  tr.  to  whisper. 

*Htera'rifd)f  adj.  literary. 

fiitcratttr',  /.  -  pi.  -en,  literature. 

fittttUCtt  or  gtttttUCtt,  n.  -i,  Lithu- 
ania. 

SitauifflJ  or  SittttUifd},  adj.  Lithu- 
anian. 

Soft,  n.  -e$,  praise  ;  -gcfattfj,  m.  -e$, 
jsZ.  -gefange,  song  of  praise. 

KoDctt,  tr.  to  praise. 


So§,  ».  -e$,  i??.  -e,  lot,  allotment  ; 

fate. 
Soofett,  intr.  to  draw  lots  ;  raffle  for. 
£og,  ae?/.  loose,  rid. 
£i)fCtt,  tr.  to  solve,  dissolve. 

gfltfjttr'fiJjV  Sotljar'tfaj,  «$  of  Lo- 

thar,  Lothar's. 

fiiitoe,  m.-n,^.-n,  lion;  -nprten, 

m.  -$,  ^.  -garten,  lion-enclosure. 
fiufcttltg,  w.  -3,  Lewis. 
fiuft,/-  "  P*.  Siifte,  air;  -fctdjt,  a#. 

air-tight. 
filtfttJJ,  adj.  airy  ;  breezy. 
fiufl,  /.  -  pi.  Stifle,  pleasure,  joy  ; 

-f Jltel,  n.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  comedy. 
filtfitoanbcltt,  &*#*.  to  promenade. 
fitjrtf,  /•  -  lyric  poetry,  lyrics. 

Sijrifcr,  m.  -3,  jrf.  -,  lyric  poet. 
fitjfifdj,  a<#.  lyric,  lyrical. 


9KttO0,  /.  -,  Maes,  Meuse. 
9ftnccfc0'mfdj,  adj.  Macedonian. 
SHiadjCIt,  *r.  to  make,  cause  ;  give  ; 

einen  Sjmjicr'pna,  — ,  to  take 
a  walk  ;  fid)  auf  ben  SBcg  —  to 
set  out ;  fid)  t!t8  $ctt)  — ,  to  go 
into  the  field. 

Wiaifyt,  f.  -,  pi.  SWad&te,  might,  power. 

2Rad)ttg,  adj.  mighty,  powerful  ; 
master  of. 

9MfcdjCtt,  n.  -3,  pi.  -,  maid,  girl. 

SWagCr,  adj.  meager,  poor. 

9flttfltyar/,  m.  -en,  jtf.  -en,  Magyar. 

9Wol)Ctt,  tr.  to  mow. 

SWoljI,  w.  -co,  jp*.  -c,  meal. 

2Ral)len,  o.  c,  tr.  to  grind. 

2Rtt^nCf  /•  -  pi.  -%  niane. 

$iaj)rtfjen,  n.  -3,  ^.  -  tale,  legend. 


2Wat,  m.  -e«,  i??.  -e,  May  ;  — Btiittt^ 
djen,  n.  -$,  pi.  -,  and  -BluntC, 
/.  -,  pi.  -n,  may-flower  ;  lily  of  the 
valley. 

Spoilt,  m.  -e$,  Maine;  -Inni),  n.-t$, 
pi.  -lanbcr,  country  of  the  river 
Maine  ;  SJlttttt*  Utlb  9Jl)einfani), 
country  of  the  rivers  Maine  and 
Rhine. 

9ft  al,  n.  -e«,  pi.  -e,  time ;  fcaS  crfie 

— ,  the  first  time. 
SRalCtt,  tr.  to  paint. 
9ftalcr,  »».  -3,  i?£.  -  painter. 
9ftttlerifd),  adj.  picturesque. 
9ft  an,  prow,  one,  they,  people. 

9ftandjer,  ntandje,  mancOcg,  pron. 

many  a  ;  IttttttrfjC,  pi.  many. 
9ft  angel,  m.  -3,  pi.  Mangel,  want,  lack. 


346 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


Mongeln,  imp.  to  lack. 
Mttnn,  m.  -c$,  pi.  banner,  man. 
Mantel,  m.  -3,  pi.  Mantel,  cloak. 
Mardjen,  n.  -3,  pi.  -,  tale,  legend, 

story. 
Marine,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  marine,  navy. 

Marmelfteinern,  adj.  of  marble. 

Mttrfdji'ren,  *tfr.  to  march. 

Miirtljrcr,  m,  -*,  pi.  -,  martyr. 

Miirj,  m.  -&,pl.  -e,  March. 

Mofttji'ltC,  /•  -  pi.  -n,  machine,  en- 
gine. 

Moj),  n.  -e3,  ^?Z.  -e,  measure  ;  -gC* 
Denb,  adj.  prescribing,  restricting, 
authoritative. 

Mafeio,,  adj.  temperate. 

Mnffitl',  adj.  massive  ;  coarse. 

Mat iluor',  m.  -e3,  pi.  -t,  matadore. 

Wlatfyma'tittt,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  mathe- 
matician. 

Mtttrafc'e,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  mattress. 

Mattl,  ?i.  -e$,  pi.  banter,  month. 

Maultljier,  ».  -c3,|rf.  -e,  mule. 

Meer,  ft-.  -e3,  £>Z.  -C#  sea. 

Meljf,  n.  -e$,  flour,  meal. 

Meljr,  comp.  of  Did ;  -$afjf,  /.  - 

plural. 
Meljrere,  adj.,  pi.  several. 
Meile,  /•  -  pi.  -n,  mile. 

Mein,  nteine,  incut,  pro».  my. 
Meiner,  nteine,  nteineS,  or  ber,  bie, 
ba§  meinc,  or  Dcr,  tie,  fcaS  nut* 

ntgc,  _pro?i.  mine. 

Meinmtg,  /•  -  pi-  -en,  opinion,  con- 
viction. 

Meift,  adv.  mostly. 

Mciftcng,  adv.  mostly. 

Meiftcr,  m.  -3,  pZ.  -  master ;  — ftiirf , 
71.  -e3,  j??.  -c,  master-piece ;  — tOCtf, 
w.  -e§,  pi.  -C,  master-work. 

Melben,  tr.  to  announce. 

Mcnfrt),  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  man;  human 
being.  t 


9Weitfd)ljeit,  /.  -,  humanity,  man- 
kind. 

Menfdjlidj,  adj.  human. 

SJkrftoiir&ig,  adj.  remarkable. 

Merobinger,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  Merovin- 
gian. 

MerObitt'gifOJ,  adj.  Merovingian. 

Meffer,  n.  -i,  pi.  -,  knife. 

MetoU',  *.  -c3,  y.  -e,  metal. 

Meter,  m.  -0,  i?Z.  -  metre. 

Metf)0'l»e,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  method,  sys- 
tem. 

Mietljen,  £r.  to  hire,  rent. 

MitttJ,  /.  -,  milk  ;  -fojttum,  m.  -&, 
foam. 

Minbefte  (ber,  bic,  bag),  a<#.  the 

least. 

SWillUte,  /.  -  pi  -n,  minute. 

Mifojen,  tr.  to  mix. 

MiPit'Iigen,  tr.  to  disapprove,  con- 
demn. 

MifjOrtnt'djen,  tr.  to  abuse,  misuse. 

Mifefttflen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  displease. 

MifeUdj,  ad;,  dubious,  doubtful, 
delicate. 

Wilt,  prep.  with. 

Mit&rtngen,  a.,  tr.  to  bring  with. 

Mitgtieb,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -er,  member. 

MttfdjUlbtgc,  m.  and  f.  accom- 
plice. 

Mitfdj  titer,  m.  -3,  pi.  -  school- 
fellow. 

Mittag,  m.-?$, pi.-?,  midday,  noon; 
$U  —  effen,  to  dine. 

Mitte,  f.  -  pi.  -n,  middle,  midst. 

MittCt,  n.  -§,  pi.  -,  means  ;  -I)0tt> 
fceutfOj,  adj.  Middle  High  Ger- 
man ;  -ntttfeig,  adj.  tolerable. 

MittclS  or  mitUlftf  prep,  by  means 
of. 

Mitten,  adv.  in  the  midst. 

MittljeUen,  tr.  to  communicate,  tell. 

Mittlere,  adj.  middle. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


347 


2Rtttto0dj,  m,  -eg,  pi.  -e,  Wednes- 
day. 

ffliituritcx,  adv.  sometimes. 

SWtttmrfung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  co-opera- 
tion. 

WiobcW,  n.  -eg,  pi.  -e,  model. 

WlotitXtl',  adj.  modern,  fashionable. 

3Jiofeu£f  m.  -,pl.  .-,  mood. 

SRogClt,  a.,  intr.  and  aux.  may,  can; 
to  be  allowed  ;  like  ;  wish. 

2Rbg(td),  adj.  possible. 

SRoJjammetoa'mfd),  adj.  Mohamme- 
dan. 

Wflonat,  m.  -§,pl.  -e,  month. 

aWotttttltdj,  adj.  monthly. 

9JJi)nd),  m.  -eg,  pi.  -e,  monk. 

9Ront),  m.  -eg,  pi.  -e,  moon. 

URotttag,  m.  -eg,  pi.  -e,  Monday. 

SJlorfc,  m.-Z$,  pl.-z,  murder;  -fltdjt, 
/.  -,  thirst  of  blood. 

WIMtV,  m.  -g,  pi.  -,  murderer. 

SDciiriset'tfrf),  adj.  murderous. 

SRorgen,  m.  -g,  pi.  -,  morning  ; 
-gloif  Cr  f.  -,  pi.  -n,  morning  bell ; 
-Itttt&,  ».-€*,  Orient  ;  -Ue&,  ?i.-cg, 
jpZ.  -er,  morning  song. 


SWotJjett,  acfo.  to-morrow ;  —  friilj, 
to-morrow  morning. 

2Rog(e'mifd),  adj.  Moslem,  Moham- 
medan. 

SWoStJUt'tO,  /.  -  pi.  -g,  mostjuito. 

9ft  lift  e,  adj.  weary,  tired. 

SRitlje,  f.  -,  pi.  -rt,  pains,  trouble  ; 
fid)  —  gefictt,  to  take  pains. 

Gutter,  m.  -o,  jtf.  -,  miller. 

Mndjett,  ».  -g,  Munich. 

9ftUttt),  ra.  -eg,  pj,  5flitnbc,  mouth  ; 
-fttt,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  dialect. 

Mnbuttg,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  mouth. 

9ftUttter,  ar/y.  lively. 

9Kumn,  wtfr.  to  growl. 

2Rufenaltttattttdj,  n.  -eg,  ^Z.  -e,  alma- 
nac of  the  Muses. 

9ftuftfa'Hfdj,  adj.  musical. 

Wiufc,  f.  -,  leisure. 

SWiiffClt,  a.,  intr.  and  aux.  to  be 
obliged,  must. 

Mfj'iggattfl,  m.  -eg,  idleness. 

SWlttlj,  m.  -eg,  courage  ;  -toitfc,  m. 
-n,  wantonness. 

$iUtf)ig,  «<#.  courageous,  spirited. 

Wluttex,  /•  -  pi-  flitter,  mother. 


% 


9lad),  prep,  after  ;  to  ;  at  ;  accord- 
ing to  ;  —  itltb  — ,  by  and  by  ; 
—  •  •  •  fjitt,  towards. 

$adjttf)ntcnf  tr.  to  imitate. 

9iari)bar,  m.  -g,  pi.  -n,  neighbor. 

DloiParfdjaft,  /.  -  p*.  -en,  neighbor- 
hood, vicinity. 

9iadjiiem',  c.  after. 

9iad)&riitfltdj,  adj.  energetic. 

Hiari)CU.  m.  -g,  jpZ.  -,  skiff,  bark. 

9lad)foIgcn,  mfr\  to  follow. 

yiadjfolfler,  m>.  -%,  pi-  -  successor. 


9Jadjforfdjett,  intr.  to  search. 

Iflltdjforfdjuttg,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  search- 
ing, investigation. 

Wafytommtl,  o.  c,  intr.  to  follow. 

9lod)Iafftg,  adj.  negligent. 

IRadjlttittttg,  m.  -eg,  pi  ~t,  after- 
noon. 

9Jod)nttttog0,  adv.  in  the  afternoon. 

92atf)rid)t,  /•  -,  pi-  -er,  news,  report. 

9l'titf)flcn$,  adv.  soon. 

SKadjt,  /.  -  pi-  9fa#te,  night. 

^OdjtljetUg,  ad/,  injurious,  hurtful. 


348 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


9todjtipff,  /•  -,  pi.  -en,  nightingale. 
Uiiidjtttdj,  adj.  nightly  ;  at  night. 
9ld(ttn,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  neck,  nape. 
9la%tl,  m.-*,pl.  SKogel,  nail ;  -fciirjle, 

/.  -,  pi.  -n,  nail-brush. 
9lttIjC,  adj.  near,  nigh;  neighboring; 

-jtt,  adv.  almost,  nearly. 
9iiilj|nat>cl,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  needle. 
*Jiitl)CU,  intr.  to  sew. 
HJittfjere,  n.  the  particulars,  details. 
9Jttljr!)aft,  adj.  nutritious. 
9toljrung,/.-, pl.-tn,  food ;  -gmittcl, 

n.  -$,  pi.  -,  means  of  subsistence. 

9lamt,  m.  -n,  pi.  -n,  name  ;  title. 

9lamtntli(bt  adv.  especially. 

DiiimUdj,  c.  namely. 

9ittjj,  adj.  wet. 

9lata'iit,  f.  -ni,  Natalia. 

9Jtttion'f  /.  -  pi.  -en,  nation. 

Matut,  f.  -  pi.  -en,  nature. 

9taturlti$,  adj.  natural. 

9UM,  m.  -§,  pi.  -,  fog. 

deficit,  prep,  near  ;  -flujj,  m.  -e$, 
pi.  -fliiffe,  confluent ;  -f a£,  m.  -e3, 
jsZ.  -jafce,  subordinate  sentence. 

9Jcb|},  prep,  besides. 

9Jcrfcnf  tr.  to  tease. 

9lcfft,  ni.  -n,  ^£.  -n,  nephew. 

9tcljmen,  o.  &,  frv  to  take ;  etnett 
9lnfttng  — ,  to  begin ;  fid)  bag 

§Crj  — ,  to  take  heart,  courage  ; 

tit  5lnf|iru^  — ,  to  lay  claim  to. 
WltiU,  in.  -e3,  envy. 
9ieil)tfdj,  adj.  envious. 
9lciguttg,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  inclination. 
9ictlt,  adv.  no. 
9felfe,/.-,2>Z.-n,pink. 
92cnnClt,  «-,  to*,  to  name,  call. 
ffltft,  ».  -eS,  j?Z.  -er,  nest. 
Jttctt,«f(/.new;  -Ijodjfoeutfdj,  arf/.N.H. 

Germ. ;  — 4icrftf  dj,  ««?/.  New  Persian. 
9iCUCrf  a<2/.  newer ;  modern  ;  - -foingS, 

adv.  recent]  }T. 


9JcuItd),  adj.  recent. 
9litf)t,  adv.  not ;  —  cinittol,  not  even. 
9lid)tt,  f.  -  pi.  -n,  niece. 
9Jtd)t8,  adv.  nothing. 
Dittfcn,  intr.  to  nod. 
9lit,  adv.  never. 

9Jtefccrfceutfd),  adj.  Low  German. 
92tet)er&CUtfd)e,  m.  awd  /.  the  Low 
German. 

9iici>erlage,  /.  -,  ^.  -n,  depot. 

9Ut llcrlantJC,  J^Z.  Netherlands. 

92iefcerlaffen,  r.  to  settle. 
9itc&erlegcn,  r.  to  lie  down. 
9liei)CVftrctfeit,  f.  to  stretch  to  the 
ground. 

9Hetortg,  «$  low. 

92temal§,  «eft;.  never. 

HJltcmattfc,  ^wora.  nobody. 

910(f),  adv.  yet,  still  ;  nor  ;  -mafj, 

once  more. 
URominatit),  rii.-t§,pl.-z,  nominative. 
^orfcen,  m.  -i,  north. 
9l0X0iran$W(f)t  adj.  North  French. 
9Jorbif(fj,  adj.  northern. 
•i'lUlultrf),  adj.  northerly. 
Sorbin  art,  f.  -,  pi.  -en,  northern 

boundary. 
^Ofbfette,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  north  side. 
9iormttntl'f  ra.  -en,  pi.  -en,  Norman. 
9l0U,  f.   -,  pi.  -n,  note;    -nbltdj, 

n.-t§,pl.-bvi§tx,  music,  music-book. 

9ibtl)ig  ijafien,  to  need. 

9li)t^!gen,  fov  to  compel,  urge. 

9i0tlCm'6crr  m.  -3,  pZ.  -,  November. 

Summer,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  number. 

9lltn,  adv.  now. 

9Jltr,  «efo.  only,  but. 

$U&,  /•  -  pi.  SMfie,  nut  ;    -fdjttle, 

/.  -,  ^?Z.  -n,  nut-shell. 
$U#eit,  fr.  to  profit,  use. 
%i\Xt?tn,  m.  -*,  profit,  interest. 
SRiltjlid),  adj.  useful. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


349 


D. 


OB,  c.  whether,  if. 

Ob Clt,  acfo.  up  stairs. 

Dfier,  «$".  upper  j  -tjttflj,  ^wep. 
above. 

O&gletdj',  c  although. 

CGjectiu,,  w.  -0,  pi.  -e,  objective 
case. 

OH  ft,  n.  -e3,  fruit. 

Oufoo!)F,  c.  although. 

OCCAU,  w.  -0,  J?Z.  -e,  ocean. 

Odjg,  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  or  0(J)fe, 
w.  -n,  pi.  -n,  ox. 

Ofcer,  c.  or. 

Ofen,  m.  -<3,  pi.  Defen,  stove. 

Offeit,  a$.  open. 

Ocffcntltr^f tit,  f.  -,  publicity. 

DfftjtCr',  m.  -8,  pZ.  -e,  officer. 

Ccffnen,  tr.  to  open. 

Oft,  adv.  often  ;  -Willi,  adv.  oft- 
times. 

OljCUU,  m.  -§,  pi.  -e,  uncle. 


Oljtte,  prep,  without. 
Oljr,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  ear. 
Oftfl'kr,  m.  -3,  ^Z.  -  October. 
Ollf Cf,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  uncle. 
Orbetttlidj,  adj.  orderly,  regular. 
Oritamenf,  n.  -c3,  pi.  -e,  ornament. 

Ort,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  awd  Ocrtcr, 

place. 

Off,  m.  East;  -ttttljcltt,  %.  -$,  East 
Anglia  ;  -fruttfett,  n.  -$,  Eastern 
Franconia  ;  -frttttfiftfj,  adj.  relat- 
ing to  Eastern  Franconia;  -gotlje, 
m.  -tt,  pi.  -n,  Ostrogoth  ;  -{Jutfjctt- 
retd),  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  kingdom  of  the 
Ostrogoths  ;  -mfctett,  n.  -3,  East 
Indies  ;  -romijdj,  adj.  Eastern 
Roman  ;  -fee,  /.  -,  Baltic  sea. 

Often,  n.  -3,  East. 

Ocfteiretu)  or  Oeftietu),  n.  -3,  Aus- 
tria. 

OefHldj,  adj.  eastern,  easterly. 


^Paar,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  pair,  couple. 

forfeit,  tr.  to  seize. 

^nrfjiatiicr,  n.  -e3,  wrapping-paper. 

^Pttlttfl',  m.  -eS,  jo/.  9)alctfte,  palace. 

^Onno'tltcn,  ».  -a,  Pannonia. 

$PantoffeI,  »».  -a,  ^/.  -  <meZ  -n, 
slipper. 

5Parf,  m.  -C$,  pi.  -C,  park. 

Sparlament',  ».  -C«,  #Z.  -e,  parlia- 
ment. 

$orfe,  w.  -n,  ^Z.  -n,  Parsee. 

^Pttrtci,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  party. 

SParti$tJ>',  n.  -3,  pi.  -ten,  participle. 

$  tiff  en,  m^r.  to  fit,  suit. 


^nfftt),  adj.  passive. 

^ttfftb,  n.  -3,  pi.  -a,  passive  voice. 

^offitutm,  n.  -3,  pi.  SPafftoct,  passive 

voice. 
$atHtti01t,  n.  -§,  pi.  -*,  pavilion. 
ty  erf  eft,  w.  -<?,  jp?.  ^crfefta,  perfect 

tense. 
^ertO'ue,/.  ->jrf.  -«,  period,  epoch. 
^Crle,  /.  -  pi  -n,  pearl. 

$erfer,  ».  -a,  j?z.  -,  Persian ;  -frieg, 

%.  -c3,  ^;Z.  -e,  Persian  war. 
$Ctflfd),  adj.  Persian. 
^pCrfOtl',  /•  -  pi  -en,  person  ;  -enntt* 

WlCn,  J».  -§,pl.  -,  name  of  a  person. 


350 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


^erfon'Odj,  adj.  personal. 
^Pcfi,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  pestilence. 
^Ctcrfirafec,  /•  -,  pL  -»,  Peter  Street. 
*Pfafc,  m.  -e3,  /£  -e,  path. 
SpfcUcr,  on.  -*,  p*.  -,  pillar. 

pfennig,  m,  -e$,  p£  -c,  pfennig. 
$ferb,  ».-e*,jrf.-e(  horse  ;  -cfliegc, 

/.  -,  pi.  -n,  horse-fly. 
$ft!tgfitfenett,y.  Whitsuntide  vaca- 
tions. 

$firfid)6auitt(f)Cn,  w.  -3,  |rf.  -  peach- 
tree. 

SpfkjJC,/.  -  care. 

ipflcn.cn,  tr.  to  cherish,  cultivate. 

Wdjt,/.  -#J*  -en,  duty  ;  plight. 

^fliitfcn,  tr.  to  pluck. 

SPfufjI,  ra.  -C«,  pi.  -e,  bolster,  pillow. 

$Pfltn&,  n.  -e$,  j&  -e,  pound. 

$!)antaftc',  /.  -  pi.  -n,  imagination. 

$P&tlolog',  m.  -:\\,pl.  -en,  philologist. 

$ptjtfofo'J)l)ifd),  adj.  -philosophical. 

SPljonir,  ra.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  phoenix. 

$tctc,  m.  -\\,pl.  -n,  Pict. 

$ptnafotl)Cf ,  /.  -,  Pinakothek. 

$Pinfcl,  ra.  -3,  pi.  -,  pencil,  brush. 
t,  ra.  -e£,  j^Z.  -e,  a?io?  $ftiltc, 
plan,   design. 

m.  -tv,  pi.  $la§e,  place. 

SPIiifcltdj,  adj.  sudden. 

spiuSquamjJerfcft, ».  -«9,  jtf.  -a,  plu- 
perfect. 

Spoefte',/.  -,p£  -n,  poetry. 
^oe'ttfdj,  «#.  poetic. 
$olu  Utfd),  a#.  Polabian,  Linonian. 
tyolax'trti§,m.-e$,pl.-?,  polar-circle. 
SPoft'tifd),  a<#.  political. 
^Oliufd),  adj.  Polish. 


SPortfilt,  ».  -3,  ^/.  -3,  portrait. 
SPortugtC'fiflOr  adj.  Portuguese. 
SPorjdfatt',  n.  -4,  porcelain ;  -fafittf, 

/.  -,  pi.  -en,  porcelain-factory. 
SpVttdjt,  /.  ->  splendor,    brightness, 

pomp. 
$riid)tig,  adj.  splendid,  bright. 
^roMftttt'toifdj,  adj.  predicative. 

spraftrum,  n.  -$,  pi.  tyt&flxa,  prefix. 

iplOji,  n.  -4,  Prague. 
SPraftiftfj,  adj.  practical. 
tyr'apofitM,f-,pl-  -en,  preposition. 
$riifen$f  n.  -,  present  tense. 
$ret$,  ra.  -«*,  pi.  -e,  price  ;  -gelien, 

o.  c,  tr.  to  expose. 
$reifcn,  0.  c,  ft",  to  praise. 
SPreufje,  ra.  -n,  j>Z.  -n,  Prussian. 
^reufjen,  »•  -^/  Prussia  (8.  2.). 
^reujjtfdj,  «#•  Prussian. 
gJrobt'reti,  tr.  to  try. 
$Probuct'  or  «Pro&uft,  ».  -e$,  pi.  -e, 

production. 

iprobuction   or  sproimftton',  /.  - 

pi.  -en,  production. 
^rofef'for,  ra.  -$,  pZ.  -en,  professor. 
$rofeffur',  /.  -,^Z.-en,  professorship. 
tyrottftant,  ra.  -en,  pj.  -en,  protes- 

tant. 
^rotJCnca'ftf^,  adj.  Provencal. 

^rotiinjtaf  etnrtdjtung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en, 

provincial  institution. 
$U&ttcU1tt  or  tyuMltum,  n.  -3,  public. 
$ult,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  desk. 
$unftftd),  adj.  punctual. 
SPiitlf  t\\ti)ttit,  f.  -,  punctualness. 
^Pu^Cll,  tr.  to  adorn  ;  clean. 

$u£madjertn,  /.  -,pl.  -nen,  milliner. 


o. 


Cuctfftf6cr,  *.  -3,  quicksilver,  mer-  [  OueHe,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  source,  spring, 
cury. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


351 


«. 


S?ofier  m.  -tt,  pi.  -n,  raven. 
Ofotfje,  f.  -,  vengeance. 
Oiofc,  n.  -e3,  pi.  $dber,  wheel. 
9itt()tnen,  m.  -3,  pj.  -  frame. 

92anb,  m.  -t$,pl.  SWnber,  edge,  side, 

margin. 

OJang,  m.  -ti,pl.  Range,  rank. 

OlaJ)J)er  m.  -n,  p£  -«,  black  steed. 

$af(f),  ac//'.  quick,  rash,  rapid. 

9JafCttbf  adj.  furious. 

ffiatf),  m.  -e3,  advice. 

3?atf)Cn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  advise. 

Dittt()fe(,  n.  -$,pl.  -,  riddle ;  problem. 

OJOUO,  m.  -Ci,  robbery  ;  -tfjter, 
re.  -cd,  jo/,  -f,  beast  of  prey  ;  -(j(js 
get,  m,  -a,  pi.  -»6gel,  bird  of  prey. 

$au&cr,  m.  -«,  pi.  -,  robber. 

OJauberifd),  ad/',  rapacious. 

OianOritterttjum,  n.  -es,  knighthood 

of  robbers. 
cRaurfjCtt,  fo\  to  smoke. 
SRaubtfd),  adj.  Eaudian ;  -c  pettier, 

Kaudian  plains. 
diaum,  m.-&, plMvimt,  room,space. 
$cdjtf   adj.   right,   righteous,  just; 

adv.  very;  -fdjttffen,  adj.  honest; 

— gClttg,  adj.  seasonable"  timely. 
[,  n.  -c$,  pi.  -e,  right. 
dtctytt,  adv.  at  or  to  the  right  hand. 
Dictfcit,  tr.  to  stretch. 
$fbc,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  narration,  speech, 

language. 
9leMidj,  adj.  honest. 
9Jcflq*it),  adj.  reflexive. 
dttiotmatiori ',  f.  -,  pi.  -en,  reforma- 
tion. 
$CflC,  adj.  moving,  stirring ;  active. 
9iegef,/.  -,pl.  -n,  rule. 
.KcgCH,  m.  -$>,  rain  ;  shower ;  -txop* 

fen,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  rain-drop. 


Stcgcc'rett,  tr.  to  rule,  govern. 

^egte'rung,/.  -,,pJ.  -en,  government. 

OJetd^,  «<#.  rich,  wealthy. 

DJeidj,  re.  -c^,2>Z.  -e,  kingdom  ;  em- 
pire. 

9Jetdjen,  *r.  to  reach. 

$eidjfjttltigFett,  /.  -  abundance. 

9icid)t(JMtt,  m.-e3,  pl.-tyvtmtt,  riches, 
wealth. 

SWctfr  ae(/.  ripe,  mature. 

Dfetf,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  ring,  circle. 

Oieifje,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  row  ;  turn. 

9kt(jcn,  fr.  to  range. 

9Jein,  adj.  pure,  clean. 

DiCiltigcil,  tr.  clean,  cleanse,  purify. 

OJetfC,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  journey  ;  -fait, 
m.  -e3,  ^£.  -facfe,  traveling-bag. 

OiClfeu,  intr.  to  travel  ;  go  to  ;  m* 
fen  <Sic  glutf(id)  !  pleasant  jour- 
ney ! 

9leiten,  o.  c,  intr.  to  ride  (on  horse- 
back). 

iRetteret',  /.  -  cavalry. 

^ettcrtreffen,  re.  -$,  pi.  -,  cavalry 
combat. 

))iei}Clt,  tr.  to  irritate,  provoke. 

ffietjcnfr,  adj.  charming. 

9Jenncn,  a.,  intr.  to  run. 

Wltft,  in.  -t$>,  pi.  -e,  rest,  remainder. 

Otebofntton',  /•  -  pi.  -en,  revolution. 

Uiijnit,  m.  -c$,  Rhine  ;  -foH,  m.  -c<?, 
cataract  of  the  Rhine,  Rhinefall  ; 
-lanil,  re.  -e£,  pi.  -limber,  country 
of  the  Rhine  ;  -fh'OItt,  m.  -&, 
River  Rhine  ;  — ufct,  re.  -$,  pi.  -, 
bank  of  the  Rhine. 

9ttlf)ten,  tr.  to  direct. 

Slifytcr,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  judge. 

9tid)ttgf  adj.  correct. 

Diiffjtnng,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  direction. 


352 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


9iicd)Clt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  smell,  scent. 
Ottegcl,  to.  -$,  pi.  -,  bolt,  door-bar. 
^tnbfletfdj,  n.  -««,  beef. 
Oftltfce,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  bark,  rind. 
0}tngr  TO.  -t§,  pi.  -e,  ring,  circle. 
Oitngen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  struggle. 
9ltng8,  adv.  around,  in  a  circle. 
fitter,  to.  -3,  pi.  -,  knight. 
$tttcrfd)aft,  /.  -  knighthood. 
9litttVtf)Umt  n.  -eS,  knighthood. 
9tod ,  to.  -eS,  ^Z.  9io(fe,  coat. 
9iOfl0Cnr  to.  -3,  rye. 
9tofle,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  list ;  part. 
9Jom,  ».  -$#  Rome. 
9tomon'f  to.  -e3,  ^Z.  -e,   romance, 

novel. 
Oloma'ntfdj,  «#.  Romanian. 
Sloman'ttfdj,  adj.  romantic. 
JRiimcr,  to.  -a,  pi.  -,  Roman. 
9iiimifdj,  adj.  Roman. 
Wt,  f.  -  pi.  -n,  rose. 
8tot{),  adj.  red. 
9tuf ,  to.  -e3,  ,pZ.  -e,  fame,  reputation. 


9infen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  call ;  $u  #nlfe 

— ,  to  call  for  assistance  ;  hue  ge* 

rufCIt,  just  in  time. 
M)e,  /.  -,  rest,  repose. 
OiuljCU,  intr.  to  rest,  repose. 
OWg,  quiet. 
Siufjm,   to.   -e3,  reputation,   glory, 

fame  ;  -Doll,  glorious,  famous. 
9inf)ntCn,  tr.  to  praise,  glorify,  cele- 
brate ;  r.  to  glory,  boast. 
$llljmc§f)attef    /.    -     Ruhmeshalle 

(hall  of  glory). 
9tufjrett,  tr.  to  affect. 
Otut'nc, /•  -, pi',  -n,  ruins. 
^umtt'ntfd),  adj.  Rumanian,  Wala- 

chian. 
$U!tl>,  adj.  round  ;  -BogClt,  to.  -4, 

pi.  -togen,  round  arch. 
92ltff C,  to.  -n,  pi.  -n,  Russian. 
Ohtfftfd),  ad/.  Russian. 
SRitffen,  tr.  to  prepare. 
9KtfHgr  adj.  vigorous. 
Miiftutlfl,/.  -,  J&  -*»*  armature. 


& 


Stial,  to.  -e$,pl.  <3cile,  room  ;  saloon ; 

drawing-room. 
Sttd)e,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  thing,  matter. 
StiOj ltd),  adj.  neuter. 

jSadjfe,  to.  -n,  pi.  -n,  Saxon ;  nljers 
jog,  to.  -3,  j?Z.  -goge,  duke  of  the 
Saxons. 

Sttdjfcn,  n.  -$,  Saxony. 

Siidjftfdj,  adj.  Saxon. 

Stttf,  to.  -e3,  ^Z.  <5&tit,  sack  ;  sack- 
cloth. 

Sage,  /•  -  ^.  -»* saw. 

Sagen,  to",  to  say,  tell,  speak. 

Salifdjr  a#-  Salic- 


Salj,  w.  -es,  i*.  -<*  salt ;  -nieber* 

IttgC,  /.  -,  pi-  -1L  salt-depot.     ■ 

Santmet,  to.  -3,  velvet. 
Sammlung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  collection ; 

concentration. 
Sammtltdj,  adj.  all  together  ;  all. 
Sttltt^tttg,  TO.-e«,  i>Z.-c,  Saturday. 
Sttnotg,  ad/",  sandy,  gravelly. 
Sttttft,  ad/",  soft,  tender. 

Sang,  to.  -e*,  ^Z.  ©ange,  song. 

Stinger,  to.  -3,  £>Z.  -  singer. 

Songerin,  /•  -  pi.  -nen,  (female) 

singer.  [Stephen. 

Sanft,  adj.  saint ;  St.  Stefan,  St. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


353 


SanSfrit,  n.  -3,  Sanskrit. 

SttrtJi'ntClt,  n.  -3,  Sardinia. 

Sattel,  m.  -3,  ^?Z.  (Battel,  saddle. 

Sattler>  »».  -3,  pi.  -  saddler. 

<»afc,  ».  -e$,  ^Z.  <3aije,  sentence. 

SttUCr,    ow#.  sour;   -ftoff,  m.   -e3, 
oxygen. 

Schicrltdj,  <M#.  sourish. 

Saufen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  drink. 

Soiilc,  / .  -,  pi.  -n,  column. 

SaufCll,  intr.  to  rush. 

S^ttar,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  troop ;  band. 

<2d)ttdj,  n.  -eg,  chess. 

SdJttiJClt,  *«<r.  to  injure,  scathe. 

<2(f)tt&lidj,  at{/'.  injurious. 

Sdjdf,  n.  -e3,  _pZ.  -e,  sheep. 

Scfjaffett,  0.  c,  tr.  to  create,  produce. 

Sdjttffen,  tr.  to  do,  work. 

©djttle,  /.  -  pi.  -it,  shell. 

S(f|(lHen,  0.  c,  z'n/!r.  sound,  resound. 

3d)iilUCnf  r.  to  be  ashamed. 

<£tfjttt'f,  ac?/'.   sharp  ;  keen  ;  acute  ; 
strict. 

@0)attett,  m.-i,  pi.-,  shadow,  shade. 

£d)0<L  w.  -e3,  jpZ.  ©ct>a^e,  treasure  ; 
store. 

@fljd^C!l,  tr.  to  estimate,  prize. 

80)ttUf  elfiutyl,  w.-c$,  pl.-ffiWt,  rock- 
ing-chair. 

Sdjattmen,  wtfr.  foam. 

(^iljcffcf,  m.  -§,  2>l-  ~t  bushel. 

Sdjci&Ctt,  °-  c->  ^r-  divide,  separate. 

SdjciltCH,  o.  c,  intr.  shine  ;  seem. 

SdjdlttifttJ,  adj.  roguish. 

2d;  cm  a,  n.  -3,  pi.  ©edemata,  scheme, 
plan. 

<3dj€tlfcn,  tr.  to  give,  present. 

SOjCrcnfO^lctfer,  m.  -3,  .pZ.  -    scis- 
sors-grinder. 

Sojerj,  m.  -e«,  ^.  -e,  jest,  joke. 

Sdjcrjen,  »«&••  to  jest. 

SttjCU,  at/;',  shy  ;  bashful. 
SdjCU,  /:  -#  awe  ;  aversion. 
23 


Sojeuttt,  tr.  to  dread,  be  shy  of. 

Sdjeune,  /.  -,^.  -a,  barn. 

SttjUfett,  fr\  to  send  ;  r.  be  fit  for. 
Sifjttffttl,  ».  -c$,  jpZ.  -e,  fate. 
SdjitDctt,  0.  c,  Zr.  to  put  into. 
Stfjicfer,  «*.  -3,  i?Z.  -,  slate. 
Soil  iff,  n.  -e$,  ^?Z.  -e,  ship,  vessel. 

Sojiffletn,  n.  -s,  |tf.  -,  little  ship. 

Sajtlb,  w.  -ti,  pi.  -e  and  -cr,  shield ; 

ttiadjC, /.  -,  pi.  -n,  sentinel. 
Sojlttdjt,/.  -  pi.  -en,  battle  ;  -felfc, 

n.  -e£,  jt?Z.  -er,  battle-held. 
Sdjlttf,   m.   -e$,   sleep  ;    -Jtmmcr, 

n.  -$,  jsZ.  -,   bedroom. 
Sdjlofett,  0.  c,  intr.  to  sleep. 
2d)la0,  m.-t$,pl.  <S<$ldge,  blow,  hit. 
Sdjldgett,  0.  &,  tr.  to  beat ;  strike; 

defeat  ;  slay. 

Sdjlange,/.  -»jrf.  -n,  snake. 

2d)l01tf,  ««)'•  slender. 

©ttjlcdjt,  ««)'.  bad. 

Sdjlctfctt,  0.  c,  tr.  to  grind,  whet. 

8d)ltmm,  *#.  sad. 

Sdjttnge,  /  -,  pi  -n,  knot,  loop. 

SdjHttett,  w.  -3,  pJ.  -,  sled. 

Sdjtofj,  ».  -e3,  ^Z.  <Sd)(5ffer,  castle, 
palace. 

©Ojfunfc,  w.  -e«,  jrf.  ©c&Iimbe,  gul- 
let ;  chasm. 

Sojlttfe,  m.  -e3,  pi.  @d)tuffe,  conclu- 
sion. 

@djlfiffel,  vi.  -3,  ^.  -,  key. 

Srfjtnadjten,  intr.  to  long  for. 

SdjmaWanufOJ,  adj.  Smalcaldic. 

6d)mctajC^ttftr  adj.  nattering. 

Sdjmeljen,  °-  c-> inir- to  melt 

Sdjttterj,  w.  -c«,  pi.  -en,  pain,  afflic- 
tion. 
Sdjmerjcn,  $r.  to  grieve. 
S^mcttCVltn9r7M.-3,pZ.-e,  butterfly. 
2djmict>,  m.  -c3,  jpZ.  -e,  smith. 
SrtjttttefcCCifett,  w.  -3,  wrought  iron. 
Sttjmte&en,  <r.  to  chain. 


354 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


<»(fj.miitfen,  tr.  to  adorn. 
3d)imliel,  m.  -3, pl.  <5&)nabd,  beak, 

bill. 
<3d)nce,  m.  -3,  snow;  -latoine,/.  - 

pl.  -n,  avalanche. 

<3d^netticttr  o.  c,  tr.  to  cut. 

<3djnetber,  ra.  -3,  7?Z.  -  tailor. 

3d)ltcicit,  mj?.  to  snow. 

<3d)ltctt,  adj.  quick. 

3d)nODC,  arf/.  offensive ;  vile. 

<3d}nMTCn,  intr.  to  rattle. 

3d) OH,  aofo.  already. 

3(||bn,  adj.  beautiful. 

<3d)bnl)ett,  /•  -  pl.  ~™,  beauty. 

3djbjjfCtt,  tr.  to  draw  ;  scoop. 

<2djbj)fung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  creation  ; 
production. 

3rf|orit|d),  adj.  Scottish,  Scotch. 

Sdjrattfe,  /".-,  pl.  -n,  barrier,  limit. 

3d)icrf,  ra.  -t$,  terror,  fright. 

<3djrCtf  Clt,  l».  -5,  fright,  fear ;  -gjeit, 
/.  -,  pi.  -en,  time  of  terror. 

<3d)rctflilij,  adj.  terrible. 

<3djrctfm&,  n.  -e3,  jtf.  -e,  horror. 

3djrcibcn,  o.  c,  £r.  to  write. 

<3drret&l)Cft,  *•  _e^  Pl-  ~e'  writing- 
book. 

<3d)rei&JmJ)icr,  n.  -t»,  writing-paper. 

Sdjrcibtifd),  m.  -e3,  pl.  -e,  writing- 
desk. 

<3d)rctner,  m.  -3,  pl.  -,  joiner. 

3djvift,  /.  -,  pl.  _en,  writing  ;  char- 
acters ;  letters  ;  §CtftgC  — ,  Holy 
Scriptures  ;  -fjirttdjc,  /.  -,  pl.  -n, 
written  language  ;  -fktUtt,  »».  -3, 
7??.  -,  author,  writer ;  -jetdjjen, 
n.  -$,  pl.  -,  character,  written 
character. 

3(f)ritt,  ra.  -cS,  pl.  -e,  step,  pace. 

<3d)roff,  adj.  steep,  precipitous. 

3d)rotett,  0.  c,  tr.  to  bruise,  crack. 

3d)iil),  m.-t3>,pl.-t,  shoe;  -lltadjer, 
ra.  -3,  ^Z.  -,  shoemaker. 


3djulbifl,,  adj.  guilty  ;  indebted. 
<3d)utt)tgfeit,  /.  -,  duty. 
Sa^ule,  /.  -,pl.  -n,  school. 

3d)Ulcr,  ra.  -3,  ^jZ.  -,  scholar,  pupil. 
<3d)ulerittr  /•  -   ?*•  -nen,  (female) 

pupil,  scholar. 
<3d&ulter,  /.  -,  pl.  -n,  shoulder. 
<3d)Uttellt,  tr.  to  shake. 
3djtll;,  ra.  -e3,  protection. 
3d)ihjC,  ra.  -n, pl.  -n,  shooter. 
3d)iiljCtt,  ^r.  to  guard,  defend. 
3ri)toabcn,  ».  -6,  Swabia. 
3djtottbifdi,  a#.  Swabian. 
3d)  to  ad),  adj.  weak. 
3djtoaflcr,    m.  -3,   j&    <Ed)Wdger, 

brother-in-law. 
<3d)tottnfettf  intr.  to  stagger. 
Sdjtottrmcnfdj,  <w#.  enthusiastic. 
3d)loaVJ,  adj.  black,  swarthy. 
3djtOCDClt,  n.  -$,  Sweden. 
Sdjfoe&m,  /•  -,  pl-  -nm,   Swede; 

Swedish  lady. 
(3d|toe&ifdj,  «<#•  Swedish. 
<3djtoetff  ra.  -eS,  |tf.  «*,  tail. 
Sdjtoetg,/.-,  Switzerland,  Helvetia. 
3d)tOCr,  adj.  heavy  ;  difficult. 

<3djtoere,/.  -,  weight 

3d)tOCVt,  *.  -e3,  ^?/.  -er,  sword. 
<3d)tocficrf  /-  -  pl-  -».  sister. 
3d)toicri0,  «^/'.  difficult. 
6djtotcrt0fett,  /  -,1*  -en,  difficulty. 
3djtmmmen,  0.  c,  wdh  to  swim. 
3d)!mngc,  /.  -,  pl.  -n,  wing. 

3d)tobrCH,  o.  c,  £r.  swear ;  assure. 

3d)  to  ii(,  adj.  sultry,  sweltry. 

3cotC,  in.  -n,  ;pJ.  -n,  Scot. 

(3ee,  m.  -3,  pZ.  -n,  lake. 

<3ce,  /.  -  i?Z.  -n,  sea  ;  -6 at),  *.  -&t 

pl.  -Mber,  sea-bath. 
<3celc,  /.  -  pl.  -it,  soul. 
Scgeln,  *«*r.  to  sail. 

3c^Ctt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  see. 
<3cl)nen,  r.  to  long. 


G  ERMAX-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


355 


Scljultd],  adj.  longing,  earnest,  anx- 
ious. 
Seljl*,  adv.  very,  very  much. 

Scibc,  /.  -  pi.  -«#  silk ;  -njeug, 

»,  -co,  jrf-  _e/  silk-stuff. 
<^Ctlt,  «.,  intr.  and  aux.  to  be. 

Setn,  feine,  fetn,  j»m  Ins,  its. 
Scinige  or  Seine,  ber,  hit,  ha§, 

pron.  his. 

Sett,  prep,  since. 

Seitbent',  «£&-'.  a?id  c.  since. 

Seite,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  side,  page. 

Seller,  pron.  ind.  myself;  thyself; 
yourself  ;  himself,  herself,  itself  ; 
ourselves ;  yourselves ;  themselves. 

ScI&Cr,  fel&e,  fclDCS,  adj.  the  same. 

Scl&ft,  ^ro?i.  *nd.  myself  ;  thyself  ; 
yourself  ;  himself,  herself,  itself  ; 
ourselves ;  yourselves ;  themselves. 

Si'lOftttUbtfl,  adj.  self-dependent  ; 
independent. 

Scltett,  adj.  rare,  seldom. 

ScitbClt,  a.,  tr.  to  send. 

Sejltem'&er,  m.  -4,  pi.  -,  September. 

Seroifd),  adj.  Serbian. 

Sermon,  m.  -3>,pl.  -e,  sermon. 

Seljcn,  <r.  to  put. 

Sid)»  JW0».  one's  self  ;  himself,  her- 
self, itself ;  themselves  ;  your- 
self ;  yourselves ;  one  another, 
each  other. 

Stdjerlidj,  adv.  certainly. 

SidjCl'H,  tr.  to  secure. 

SiOJt&ar,  adj.  visible. 

Sie,  pron.  she,  they,  you. 

Sic&enge&trge,  n.  -3,  Siebengebirge 
(seven  mountains). 

SicDCltjaljrig,  ad/,  seven  years,  seven 
years  old. 

Stcg,  m.  -e3,  _p$.  -e,  victory. 

Stegct,  n.  -<&,  pi.  -,  seal. 

Sicgct,  m.  -3,  _pZ.  -  victor,  van- 
quisher. 


Sil6er,  «.  -4,  silver ;  -fatBcit,  aa?. 
silvery  ;  -gritti,  adj.  silver  green. 

Stngen,  o.  c,  &•.  sing. 

Singular',   ra.  -3,  _p/.  -e,   singular 

number. 
Sinfen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  sink. 
Sinn,  m.  -Q$,  pi.  -e,  sense,  mind  ; 

-Mfb,  ».  -Co,  |Wt.  -cr,  emblem. 
StttC,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  custom. 
SiljCtt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  sit. 
Sfanbintt'OtfOj,  adj.  Scandinavian. 
SlaiOC,  J».  -n,  pi.  -it,  Sclavonian. 
3lutUt|rijf  adj.  Sclavonian. 
SlotOC'llifd),  adj.  Slovenian. 
So,  adv.  and  c.  so,  thus  ;  -tuoljf 

...  al8  (aud))r  -tooljl  ...  tote 

owl),  as  well  ...  as  ;  -Dttlb',  a^y. 
soon  ;  easily  ;  c.  or  — fittitl'  dt§,  as 
soon  as  ;  -e'Deit,  adv.  just ;  -fort', 
adv.  immediately  ;  -QCLt',  adv. 
even  ;  -genonnt,  adj.  so-called  ; 
-  til  it',  as  also. 

Sofjn,  in.  -c3,  pi.  (Soljne,  son. 

Solfljer,  folflJC,  folrf)Cg,  j!»'tm.  such  ; 
folttje,  tOClOjC,  such  as. 

Solbof,  m.  -en,  pi.  -en,  soldier. 

Solbltcr,  m.  ~§t  pi.  -  hired  soldier. 

Solicit,  a.,  intr.  and  aux.  to  be 
obliged,  shall,  ought  ;  to  be  said, 
be  reported. 

SoiUtner,  m>.  -4,  pi-  -,  summer ; 
-IttOtlttt,  rn.  -ed,  pi.  -c,  summer- 
month. 

Sonbern,  c  but. 

Sotlbem,  tr.  separate,  part,  disjoin. 
SonitOficnb,  m.  -3,  pi.  -e,  Saturday. 

Sonne,  /.  -  pi.  -«,  sun ;  -nfdjein, 

on.  -3,  sunshine. 
Sonntog,  m.  -c$,  pi.  -e,  Sunday. 
SorUtfdj,  adj.  Sorbian,   High  Lusa- 

tian,  Wendic. 
Sotgc,  /•  -,  pi.  _n,  care,  sorrow. 
Sorgen,  intr.  to  care,  take  care  of. 


356 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


Sorgfttlttg,  adj.  careful. 

3p(lltf II,  tr.  to  split ;  r.  to  divide. 

SjlOmen,  ».  -4,  Spain. 

3|lil1ticrr    l».  -3,  p£  -,  Spaniard. 

Sjianifdj,  adj.  Spanish. 

Spanneit,  tr.  to  harness. 

Stiiit,  ac(;'.  late. 

Sjiajie'rcn  or  fjiajircn,  to  walk  ; 

—  geljen,  to  take  a  walk ;  —  fttljs 
rcitr  to  take  a  ride  in  the  carriage ; 

—  rcitC!!,  to  take  a  ride  on  horse- 
hack. 

Sjiajier'gang,  «.  -c3,  pi.  -giinge, 

walk. 
Stoeife,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  food. 
Sniegef ,  m.  -%,  pi.  -,  looking-glass. 
Sj>tel,  n.  -*9,  pi.  -e,  play,  game. 
SjJiclcn,  tr.  to  play. 

Sfnnnen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  spin. 

Sjii^bogen,  »*.  *A  pi-  -Wgen,  point- 
ed arch. 

Sniije,  /.  -,  i?Z.  -n,  point ;  head. 

SflOtten,  tttfr.  to  mock,  deride. 

Sjmidje,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  speech,  lan- 
guage. 

SjiredjCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  speak. 

Sjirengen,  intr.  to  gallop. 

SjirtflJtDOrt,  ».  -eS,  jtf.  -ttorter,  prov- 
erb, adage. 

SliringCtl,  o.  c,  intr.  jump,  spring. 

Sjirtytlt,  tr.  to  inject. 

SjU'iidjtoort,  *«  -ti,pl.  -roorter,  prov- 
erb, adage. 

(Sprung,  m.  -e3,  jtf.  ©priinge,  spring, 
leap. 

Sjmrfjunt),  m.  -e3,  ^Z.  -e,  blood- 
hound, setter. 

Slant,  m.  -e$,  pJ.  -en,  state  ;  -Stoer* 
brcdjcr,  m.-$,  />£•-,  state  criminal. 

StaDt,/-  ^. ©tabte,  city;  -leoen, 
7i.  -5,  city-life. 

Stafctd)en,  »•  "6,  J&  -  market- 
town,  little  town. 


Staljl,  m.  -e$,  steel. 

Stajjlern,  atfy'.  of  steel,  made  of  steel. 

Stnmnt,  m.  -e$,  j&  ©tcimme,  body  ; 
stem ;  tribe  ;  -Dertoanfct,  adj.  cog- 
nate ;  -tiof tt(,  7i.  -e$,  jsZ.  -e,  root- 
vowel. 

3  to milt  CJt,  intr.  originate,  date  from. 

Stanfc,  m,  -e3,  pi.  ©tcinbe,  state, 
condition  ;  Jtt  -c  Drtngen,  to  ac- 
complish ;  im  -e  fctn,  to  be  able. 

Stttrf,  adj.  strong. 

Stttrf  e,  f.  -,  strength. 

Statt,  /.  -  place,  stead. 

Sttttt,  prep,  instead  of. 

StttUDfttttle,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  column  of 
vapor. 

StcdjfKcge,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  stinging-fly. 

SteflJCn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  sting. 

StCtfcn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  put,  fix  at. 

Stcljen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  stand. 

Stolen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  steal. 

Stcif,  adj.  stiff. 

Steif,  adj.  steep. 

StCtn,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  stone  ;  -  ttrtifl, 
adj.  stonelike  ;  -Dttttf,  /.  -,  pi. 
-fcanfe,  smooth  rock  ;  -foljle,  /.  -, 
pi.  -n,  stone-coal. 

Stetnern,  adj.  of  stone. 

Stetntg,  adj.  stone. 
StcflC,  /.  ~,  pi.  -n,  place  ;  point. 
Stefilett,  tr.  to  put,  place. 
Stettentuetfe,  adv.  here  and  there  ; 

in  some  places. 
SteHung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,   situation, 

position. 
SteJlflttnSftrdjC,  /.  -    St.  Stephen's 

church. 
SterO en,  o.  c,  intr.  to  die. 
Sternltdj,  adj.  mortal. 
Stern,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  star. 
Stet0,  adv.  always. 
Stiebcn,  o.  c,  intr.  rise  ;  fly  about. 
Sticfel,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  boot. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


357 


Stter,  m.  -c3,  pi.  -e,  bull. 

Stiff,  adj.  still,  silent ;  -f Ojnmgettb, 
ac?/.  silent. 

Stiffen,  *r.  to  still,  quiet. 

Stimme,  /.  -  pi.  -»,  voice. 

Stimmuug,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  frame  of 
mind,  disposition,  humor. 

Stuff,  m.  -t$,  pi.  -e,  subject,  mate- 
rial, stuff. 

Stolj,  adj.  proud,  haughty. 

Stordj,  m.  -€$,  pi.  ©tord&e,  stork. 

StO^Clt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  push  ;  strike. 

Strafjl,  m.  -tt,  pi.  -en,  beam,  ray  ; 
flash  of  lightning. 

Strafyleit,  intr.  to  radiate. 

Strttjje,  /•  -  pi-  ~n,  street,  way. 

Strattf},  ».  -e$,  i^-  ©traujjc,  bou- 
quet. 

Stretfcn,  <f.  to  stretch. 

Streuj},  adj.  severe,  strong. 

Streuen,  *r.  to  strew. 

Strttfcn,  *r.  to  knit. 

Stroljfyut,  »».  -^1  i^-  -ptc,  straw- 
hat. 

Strom,  w.  -e3,  jtf.  ©trome,  stream  ; 
large  river  ;  -getoOtfjg,  w.  -c3,  j& 
-e,  river-plant;  -maffC,/.  -  #J.  -n, 
stream  ;  -fdjneffen,  pi.  rapids. 

Strbtnung,/.  -  pi.  -en,  stream  ;  cur- 
rent. 

Stube,/.  -  j»J.  -n,  room. 

Stiltf,  ».  -c$,  i>?.  -e,  piece. 


Stubi'ren,  *r.  to  study. 

Stubium,  n.  -3,  ^.  (Stubten,  study, 
literary  pursuit. 

Stuljf,  m.  -tt,  pi.  <3tu$le,  chair. 

StUUtUt,  adj.  dumb,  mute,  silent. 

Stutttjlf,  a#.  blunt,  dull. 

2  tun  be,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  hour  ;  league. 

Sturm,  m.  -e$,  ^?Z.  ©turme,  storm  ; 
tempest ;  -hltub,  tempest ;  hurri- 
cane. 

Sturj,  m.  -e$,  pi.  ©tiirge,  violent 
fall  ;  plunge. 

StiirjCU,  tr.  to  throw,  rush. 

Stih/CU,  tr.  to  support,  rest,  sustain. 

Subjecf  or  Subjeft',  n.  -e$,^.  -c, 

subject. 
Subfttttttib,    n.    -§,  pi.   -e,   noun, 

substantive. 
SubfittUtt'bifdj,  adj.  substantive. 
Sutfjett,  tr.  to  seek,  look  for. 
Sift,  m.  -e8,  south  ;  -amcrtftt,  n. 

-3,  South  America  ;    -frttttfrcid), 

n..  -3,  Southern  France  ;   -tucft s 

lidj,  an$.  southwest. 

Siiben,  w.  -$,  south. 
Sltm^jf,  w.  -c3,  ^Z.  ©untyfe,  swamp. 
Sumjlftfl,  a<#.  marshy. 
Siinbc,  /•  -,  pi.  -n,  sin. 
Sunbfjttft,  adj.  sinful. 
Sttjiertttttto',  m.  -$,  pi.  -e,  superla- 
tive. 
St)UtttC'ttfd),  adj.  syntactical. 


£abcl,  m.  -#,  blame  ;  reproach. 
Xitbeln,  tr.  to  blame,  censure. 
2tt0,  to.  -e$,  j&  -e,  day  ;  -0  tJOr^Cr, 

the  day  before. 
SttfleStttttge,  /•  -,  pi-  -n,  length  of 

the  day. 


Stolid),  adj.  daily. 

Xantlt,/.  -,  pi.  -",  fir-tree  ;     Ufottlb, 

m.  -e$,  ^?Z.  ~tt>alber,  pine-forest. 
2ttUtc,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  aunt. 
Stopfer,  adj.  valiant,  brave. 
Sttjlfcrf tit,  f-  -  valor,  courage. 


358 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


Sorjiejifdj,  adj.  Tarpejan. 

£ofdje,/.  -,pl.-n,  pocket ;  -nuudj, 

n.  -c3,  pi.  -bitdjer,   pocket-book  ; 
-nmeff Cf,  n.  -$,pl.  -,  pocket-knife ; 
-nuljr,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  watch. 
$a$e,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  paw. 

SttUfe,  adj.  deaf ;  -jiumttt,  adj.  deaf 
and  dumb  ;  -fhttltm? ,  tn.  and  f. 
the  deaf  and  dumb. 

JaurfjCU,  intr.  to  dive,  duck. 

2au d)trr  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  diver. 

Sautltcl,  m.  -*,  ecstasy. 

£aufenbf(pn,  ™-  ?*»  jtf.  -e,  pansy. 

TcjUHd),  m.  -3,  pi.  -e,  carpet. 
^CUfcl^mttUCr,  /.  -  devil's  wall. 
^CUtO'nC,  m.  -n,  pi.  -n,  Teuton. 
£()af,  n.  -rt,  ^?Z.  Scaler,  valley,  dale. 
Settler,  m.  -3,  ^ .  -#  dollar. 
2fjat,  /.  -,  J&  -en,  deed,  act,  action  ; 

in  fcer  — ,  indeed. 
%f)ta'ttt,  m.  -i,  pi.  -,  theatre. 
Sgce,  w.  -3,  jj/.  -,  tea. 
£l)eU,  m.  and  ».  -e3,  ^?.  -e,  part, 

share  ;    JU  —  foerfcen,  to  fall  to 

one's  lot  or  share  ;  -naljltte,  /•  - 

participation. 

$ljei(en,  tr.  to  divide. 

XijtiH,  adv.  i)artly,  in  part. 
Sfjeo'fcoridj,  m.  -3,  Theodoric. 
Xt)tOXit'f  f.  -  pi.  -n,  theory. 
Shelter,  adj.  dear. 
Sfjter,  w.  -e3,  ^Z.  -e,  animal,  deer. 
£jjor,  w.  -en,  ^jZ.  -en,  fool. 
£{jor,  ft.  -e3,  i?Z.  -e,  door,  gate. 
Sfjrajten,  »•  -*»  Thracia. 
£{jron,  m.  -e«,  pJ.  -e,  throne. 
SfjlM,  a.,  tr.  to  do,  perform,  make. 

Sljiire,  /.  -,  j>J.  -».  door. 
SJjurtnger,  «#  Thuringian. 
2f)Urm,  m.  -e$,  j?7.  £tyurme,  tower. 
2icff  «#.  deep. 

^igct,  W.  -3,  jrf.  -,  tiger  ;  -tfjier, 
n.  -c«,  pZ.  -e»  tiger. 


2int£,/.  -,y.  -n,  ink  ;  -ttfttfj,  n.  -t$, 

pi.  -faffer,  inkstand. 
£tfdj,  m,.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  table. 
^ifdjlff,  m.-§, pi.-,  cabinet-maker. 
Xittt,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  title. 
£o&Ctt,  intr.  to  rage. 
XofyttX,/.  -,pl-  Softer,  daughter. 
Uofc,  m.  -t§,  pi.  -e,  death. 
£oMc,  w.  a»d  /.  dead  or  deceased 

person, 
^illicit,  intr.  sound. 
Uriige,  adj.  lazy,  idle,  indolent. 
Xtogcit,  o.  c,  tr.  bear,  carry,  wear. 
£rOUClt,  intr.  to  trust. 
2raUCW,  intr.  to  mourn. 
2raU!tt,  m.  -t$,  pi.  Sraunte,  dream. 
^rcffett,  o.  c,  tr.  hit ;  strike  ;  meet. 
UrctbCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to-drive  ;  chase. 
2rci6cn,  n.  -3,  driving,  bustle. 
^rCttltaar,  adj.  separable. 
Xxcppt,  f.  -,  pl.—n,  stairs ;  flight  of 

stairs. 
Xxttttl,  o.  c,  intr.  to  enter. 
XxtU,  adj.  faithful. 
XttUt,  f.  -,  fidelity,  honesty. 
Xxibuf,  m.  -cS,  pi.  -e,  tribute. 
Srtltfen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  drink. 

Xv'mmpWtov,  m.  -$,  pi.  -en,  tri- 

umpher. 

StotfCtt,  adj.  dry. 

Xttify,  prep,  in  spite  of. 

XrutWlt,  *»•  -e*,l^  -^ne,  turkey. 

2ltdj,  ».  -e'3,^.  Sii^er,  cloth. 

2«d)ti0,  «^'-  capable. 

^ii^ttgfcit,  /•  -    ability,  qualifica- 
tion. 

2U0enfc,  /•  -  pi-  HW,  virtue. 

Sutye,/. -,*>Z.  -n,  tulip. 

funnel,  m.  -$,  J&  -  tunnel. 
Citric,  m.  -n,  i?Z.  -«,  Turk. 
XuxUUauU,  /■  -   ^-  ~n'  turtle' 

dove. 
2t)ranttCi'f  /•  -  pi.  -*«#  tyranny. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


359 


n. 


tteBef,  adj.  evil,  bad,  amiss. 

Xlchtr,  prep,  for;  over;  at;  of;  on; 
across  ;  by ;  concerning. 

lUBcroU',  adv.  everywhere. 

UcberbHlf  en,  tr.  to  glance  at. 

!teDerbriifftJl,  adj.  disgusted. 

Ite6em'fang,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  precipita- 
tion. 

Ueberflufftg,arf?\superfluous,useless. 

UCDCrfu^'rcn,  tr.  to  convict. 

llc&crgabc,  /.  -   pi.  -it,  surrender. 

UcBergC^f  It,  to  pass  over  ;  to  desert. 

Ucbcrljattjjt ,  altogether. 

Itcberlc'gcit,  tr.  to  reflect  upon,  con- 
sider. 

UcOCrmon'nCIt,  tr.  to  ovennatch. 

tlebermorgcit,  adv.  day  after  to- 
morrow. 

Ueoermiltfjig,  adj.  supercilious. 

Uc6eritttl^'ten,  intr.  pass  the  night. 

Uebc  rra'fdjung,  /.  -,pl.  -en,  surprise. 

UcBerrcff,  m.  -t$,  pi.  -e,  remnant, 
remainder. 

Ucocrrorf,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -rotfe,  overcoat. 

Uc6erfC^'ctlf  tr.  to  translate. 

UCDCrfefc'ung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  trans- 
lation. 

tteberftajt,/.  -,  view,  sight. 
Uebcrtra'gung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  trans 

lating. 

Ucbertrcf'fen,  o.  c,  tr.  to  surpass, 

excel. 
Ufbcrtnin'feftt,  o.  c,  tr.  overcome. 
UcbcrjCll'gcn,  tr.  to  convince. 
llfblid),  adj.  usual,  customary. 
Ucbrig,  adj.  remaining,  other. 
UcblUtg,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  practice. 
Ufcr,  n.  -3,  pi.  -,  shore,  bank. 
Ukr  /.  -,  pi-  -en,  watch  ;  -inildjer, 

m.  *-3,  pi.  -,  watch-maker. 


Uttt,  prep,  about ;  around ;  at ;  for ; 
—  JU,  in  order  to,  to. 

llmbtldett,  r.  alter,  change  ;  reform. 

Umfcf'fen,  tr.  to  embrace,  comprise. 

ttntcjang,  m.  -e3,  intercourse;  com- 
pany. 

ttlttgr'&e!!,  o.  c,  tr.  to  surround. 

Umge'ljeit,  o.  c,  tr.  go  around. 

Uttl^Cr'trttgcit,  o.  c,  tr.  carry  about. 

ttmfeljrett,  intr.  turn  back,  return. 

Ulttfommen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  perish. 

Umlaut,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  umlaut. 

Umlautgfii&tflr  adj.  capable  of  the 
umlaut. 

Utttfttjtttg,  r.%.  -ii,pl.  -fc&lage,  cover. 

IttttfdjitC  ftCU,  o.  c,  tr.  to  inclose,  em- 
brace. 

Umfftjtolir'men,  tr.  to  float  around. 

Utttfeljeit,  o.  c,  r.  look  about. 

Umtualjung,/.  -  pi.  -en,  revolution. 

Uiinngrncfym,  adj.  unpleasant,  dis- 
agreeable. 

Ultlcfccutcilt),     adj.     unimportant, 
trifling. 

Ultbc&tngt,  adj.  unconditional,  ab- 
solute. 

Unbefattut,  adj.  unknown. 

HnbCQUCttt,  adj.  inconvenient. 

Unbcfitmint,  adj.  indefinite. 

MubcnicgUii),  adj.  immovable. 
UnbiHtg,  adj.  unjust. 
Hltb,  c.  and. 

Itnetngebenf,    adj.    unmindful,    re- 
gardless. 
UncitiJ'ItOj,  adj.  infinite. 
lluentbcfjrliri),  adj.  indis])ensable. 
Unci'UluDlil),  adj.  indefatigable. 
UncrfdjOjlfUdj,  adj.  inexhaustible. 
Uncrtviiglia),  adj.  intolerable. 
llltfa^tg,  adj.  unable,  incapable. 


300 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOC  VBULARY. 


ttttfiOm,  n.  -*,  Hungary. 

ttltficndl  ttt,  prep,  in  spite  of,  not- 
withstanding. 

Unncblcidjt,  adj.  unbleached,  not 
bleached. 

Ungrfaljr,  adv.  about. 

Unncljcncr,  adj.  enormous, 

UltflCftcucr,  a.  -*,  pL  ~,  monster. 

Unacmiffljt,  adj.  unmixed. 

tlnncrn,  adv.  unwillingly, 

Hnacjtino,  adj.  unhealthy. 

Unprtooljnt,  adj.  uiiaceustomed. 

llunlitif,  a.  -t$,  misfortune, 

UttfllUlfltdi,  adj.  unlucky,  unhappy, 
unfortunate. 

tlnbeilifl,  unholy,  profane, 

llnlKimlirf),  adj.  dismal. 

tlnljoflidi,  adj.  impolite, 

UnitJClfltOt',  /.-  pL  -C",  university. 

Unmadjt,  /.  -  powerlessness, 

Unmafeiafcit,/.  -  inteBepersaee,  ex- 
travagance, 

Unmittrlbor,  adj  immediate. 

Unmbfllid),  adj.  impossible. 

Unlicrfbnlid),  ('(,J-  unperaonal 

Unrtitli.  m.  -e*,  trash. 

llnrcdjt,  adj.  wrong,  improper. 

Unrcaclmti^ig,  adj.  irregular,  ano- 
malous. 

Itiuuljin,  *#■  unquiet. 
Ull,  jmm.  us. 

Unfda  lid),  adj.  inexpressible, 
Unfdjiifebar,  adj.  inestimable,  price- 
less. 

Unf^cin&ar,  adj.  simple,  plain  look- 
ing, insignificant. 

Ullfdjulfcifl,  adj,  innocent. 

Unfcr,  unferc,  unfer,  pro*  our. 
Unfcrcr,  unferc,  unfere*,  or  bcr, 
Die,  bo$  Unferc  or  Unfriac,  pram. 

ours. 
Unflcrb'lirf),  adj.  immortal. 

Unficrblidjf tit,  /.  -,  immortality. 


Unflrcttffl,  adj.  indisputable. 
Hitter,  prep,  under  ;   below  ;  among. 

Untcr&rutf'cn,  tr.  to  suppress. 
Untevbrutfunn,  /.  -,  suppression, 

oppression. 

Unteiaana,  m.  -es,  ruin. 

Utttcrnra'Ocn,  o.  c,  tr.  undermine. 
Untcrljalb,  prep,  below. 
UiitciiiOifd),  adj.  subterranean,  un- 
derground. 
UnhTlif'nm,  o.  c,  intr.  to  succumb. 
Unttroro'ncn,  tr.  to  subordinate. 
Unterrtdjt,  i*  -ca,  instruction. 
Untcrfdici'Dcn,  o.  c,  r.  to  differ, 
lllltcrfdjicb,  »i.  -e«,  pi.  -e,  difference. 
Xlittcrftu^'en,  tr,  to  support.     ^ 
UntCrh)CQ§',  adv.  on  the  way. 
UntrClinbor,  adj.  inseparable. 

llntrcu,  adj.  unfaithful,  perfidious, 
Unubcrtroffen,  adj.  unsurpassed. 
UnubcrhJinbliajfcit,  /  -   invinci- 

bility. 
UnUcranbcrt,  adj.  unchanged. 
Untocraanalid),  adj.  imperishable. 

UnbCrfle&UrtJ,  adj.  memorable,  last- 
ing. 

Unt)Crbol)Ien,  adj.  not  concealed. 

UnhianrfdjcinU^,  adj.  improbable. 

Unrocit,  prep,  not  far  from. 

Unrorfcn,  n.  -$,  disorder,  nuisance  ; 
mischief,  disturbance. 

UnrotUfomnten,  adj.  unwelcome. 
|  Untmf'fufjrUd),  adj.  involuntary. 

nn$ttf|linf  adj.  innumerable. 

Unjufrieocn,  adj.  discontented. 
,  Unjnictfc^aft,     adj.     undoubted, 

doubtless. 
|  ttraljnc,  /.  -,  pi-  -*»  great-grand- 
mother. 

Urfodje,  /  -,  pi-  -"'  eauee. 

UrfftrUfloUdj,  «#  original. 
Urtljcil,  n-  "*»  PL  "*»  opinion,  judg- 
ment. 


GERMAN-ENGLISII    VOCABULARY. 


361 


& 


$Cltf  r,  m.  -3,  pi.  3Satcr,  father. 

^atf rlQIti),  ft.  -t0,  native  country  ; 
fatherland. 

©eradj'ten,  <r.  to  scorn,  contemn. 

$Crad)'tUttg,  /.  -  contempt,  dis- 
dain. 

$cran'bcrn,  tr.  to  change. 

JBerati'licritng, /.  -  pi.  -en,  change. 

SBcrbr  n.  -3,  pi.  -en,  verb. 

$erbCV'flCtt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  conceal. 

$crbeu  ftcn,  r.  to  bow 

SBcrbtttDCtt,  If.  to  bind,  connect, 
combine. 

SBcrbtll'bUltg,  /.  -  pi-  -en,  combina- 
tion, connection  ;  -  gtBOVt,  n.  -c$, 
2)1.  -ttorter,  conjunction. 

$er5re'd|f  It,  *  -3,  vl.  -,  crime. 

$crbrc'd)Crr  !».  -3,  jt>Z.  -  criminal. 

$erbrcifcn,  «r.  to  spread. 

$krbrtlt'flett,  o.  c,  £r.  to  spend,  pass 

away. 

SBcrbiiitbeit,  tr.  to  ally. 
JBcrbiilt'bct,  adj.  allied,  confederate. 
&uTfciid|''tiji,  adj.  suspicious. 

SBerban'fen,  tr.  to  owe. 

^CriJtC'nCII,  fr.  to  deserve. 
Serfcieitfi',  *».  -e<3,  Jrf.  -e,  merit. 
JBcrdron'oen,  <r.  to  drive  away. 
SBerfcrilfj',  m.  -e3,  anger,  spite. 

Sereft'ren,  «r;  to  honor. 
SCcretnigcn,  fr*.  to  unite. 

SBcrfa^'rClt,  o.  ft,  tr.  to  conduct. 

SKcrfof'fcr,  flfc  -$,  pi  -,  author,  com- 
piler. 

$erfer'tt0Ctlf  tr.  to  make,  manufac- 
ture. 

SBcrge'bClt,  0.  ft,  tr.  to  forgive. 

$erj}Cb'Ud),  <k#.  ineffectual. 

$Cr0CftCtt,  o.  c,  to  to  repay. 

©CfflCffCtt,  o.  ft,  tr.  to  forget. 


Scroi^lltCtllltt^t,  ft.  -3,  !&*■*,  forget- 
me-not. 

^crfllct'djctt,  0.  ft,  £r.  to  compare  ; 
liken. 

©Crttlct'djttltg,/.  -  j^.  -en,  compari- 
son. 

$Crgttii'jJCtt,  ft.  -3,  pi.  -,  pleasure, 

j°y- 

Skrgtttiflt',  adj.  pleased;  comfort- 
able. 

$Cr0ttu'gtt!t0,  /•  ~,  pi.  -Ctt,  amuse 
ment. 

ICcrgra'bctl,  o.  ft,  tr.  to  bury. 

$crfjaf felt,  tr.  to  arrest. 

©CrfjOlt'tttfe,  ft.  -e3.  pi.  -c,  relation  ; 
-tuort,  n.  -e3,  #Z.  -TOorter,  prepo- 
sition. 

SBcrljottfl'm&bou',  adj.  fatal. 

$Cfljaj)t',  adj.  hated. 

$erljee'rcit,  to  to  devastate. 

$erl)Ct'fjClt,  o.  c,  to  to  promise. 

$crljttt'&Crtt,  tr.  to  prevent. 

$Crftltt'fCll,  tr.  to  sell. 

SBcrfcljr',  Jft.  -e$,  intercourse,  com- 
munication. 

JBcrfttor'jeit,  tr.  to  spoil. 

!Ccrfnu|)'fen,  tr.  to  Connect,  unite. 
©crfan'gen,  to  to  demand. 
©Crlttf'fCtt,  o.  c,  to  to  leave  ;  r.  ftdf 

auf  (gtneit  bcrfaftett,  to  depend 

upon  one. 
SerlttUg'tteit,  to  to  deny. 
95crIc'OCIt,  tr.  to  mislay. 
Scrlet'ljeit,  o.  ft,  to  to  give,  bestow 

upon. 
$erlicbt,  adj.  in  love  ;  amorous. 
$crltc'reit,  o.  ft,  tr.  to  lose. 
SScrtncfj'rCtl,  to  to  increase. 
SScrtttCf'fetl,  o.  c,  tr.   to  measure  ; 

survey. 


362 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


$Bermtt'teI8  or  bcnmftelff,  prep. 

by  means  of. 
SScrmb'ge,  prep,  by  virtue  of. 
SSertno'gen,  a.,  tr.  to  be  able  ;   to 

have  influence. 

S3ertnu'tlmn0r  /.  -  pi-  -f*  supposi- 
tion. 
SBernuttyiaffigcn,  tr.  to  neglect. 
SSernei'nung,/.  -,pl-  -en,  negation. 

SStrnidl'ten,  <r.  to  annihilate, destroy. 
SSemi^'tUttg,  /.  -,  destruction,  an- 
nihilation. 
SBemunftig,  adj.  reasonable. 

JBeroffentlidien,  tr.  to  publish. 
JBerJifUayten,  tr.  to  oblige. 

SBerratlj',  w.  -c$,  treason. 

58crro't^Cllf  o.  c,  tr.  to  betray. 

fStrxd'tytr,  m.  -3,  joZ.  -,  traitor. 

SBcrrei'fcn,  *i*r.  to  travel. 

akrg,  m.  -e3,  pZ.  -e,  verse. 

SSerfa'gCtt,  ir.  to  refuse,  deny. 

SBcrfaf  JCTt,  tr.  to  oversalt. 

$erfd)affettf  tr.  to  procure  ;  r.  to 
obtain. 

$erfdjett'fen,  to  to  give  away. 

SBcrfdjie'&ett,  adj.  different ;  several. 

JBcrf^ic'bCtt^eit,/.  ~pl-  -«l,  differ- 
ence. 

$erfd)lte'&en,  o.  c,  tr.  to  lock. 
SBerfdjlin'ouno,,  /.  -  pi-  -en,  entwin- 
ing. 

Scrf^intt^'ten,  intr.  to  perish. 

Serfdinbr'feln,  «r.  to  garnish. 

JBcrf^totn'lien,  o.  c,  intr.  to  dis- 
appear. 

Serfe'^eit,  o.  c,  to\  to  provide. 

$erfelj ten,  tr.  to  damage,  injure. 

JBerfefc'Ctt,  tr.  to  fetch,  deal  a  blow. 

$erf)Jre'd)ett,  o.  c,  *r.  to  promise. 

JBcr^rc'^cn,  ».  -3,  promise. 

JBerflttn'big,  adj.  intelligent,  wise. 

SBerfian&nife,  ».  -es,  irf.  -e,  intelli- 
gence, understanding. 


SBcrfic'^Ctt,  o.  c,  6\  to  under- 
stand. 

$Crfudj',  m.  -e3,  #J.  -e,  attempt. 

JBcrfu'djCtl,  &••  to  try,  attempt. 

95crt^Ct'bi0Cnf  tr.  to  defend. 

Scrt^et'lltgung,  /.  -  defence. 

Sertre'teit,  o.  c,  tr.  to  represent  ; 
fine  S telle  — ,  to  represent. 

Seruffo^en,  ft*,  to  cause. 

SJemr't^cilen,  tr.  to  condemn,  sen- 
tence. 

JBertoan'toeln,  to*,  to  change. 

Scrtoantit',  adj.  related,  kindred. 
j  JBerniOHj)  te,  m.  andf.  relation. 

I  $ertoei'a,ew,  tr.  to  refuse. 
I  SSertoet'len,  intr.  to  stay. 

j  SertMff'elt,  adj.  involved. 

Skrnucflnng,  /.  -,  pi-  -en,  complica- 
tion. 
ScrhJtr'ren,  tr.  to  perplex. 

SerhJUf'ten,  tr.  to  lay  waste. 
SSerjau'&ern,  tr.  to  enchant. 
Serjelj'ren,  tr.  to  consume ;  spend. 

SBerjer'rung,  /•  -#  ^-  "en,  grimace. 

SSefUfe',  m.  -ed,  Mount  Vesuvius. 

Setter,  m.  -3,  j?J.  ~,  cousin. 

$iel),  ».  -eS,  i>J.  -e,  cattle  ;  -\$xi&* 
let,  m.  -«,  ^.  -,  drover. 

S5iel,  <k#.  much,  many  ;  feljr  — , 
very  much  ;  -nntfttffenb,  compre- 
hensive, much  containing. 

SBieHeidjtf  r  adv-  pe**ps. 

Ster,  four ;  -erf,  n.  -rt,pl.  -e,  square, 
quadrangle  ;  -\&§,adj.  fourfold  ; 
quadruple. 

$00,ei,  vi.  -d,  pi.  SWarf,  bird,  fowl. 

JBogletn,  w.  -*,  Pz-  -  little  bird- 

SBolf,  ».  -e^»  Pz-  Golfer,  people,  na- 
tion ;  -Sfbrjier,  m.  -a,  />/.  -,  body 

of  nations ;  -^religion,  /.  ~,pl-  "**t 
religion  of  the  people. 

SBolferfamtlie,  /.  -  ^.  -n,  family 

of  nations. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


363 


SSblferfiamm,  m.  -e3,  pi.  -flamme, 
body  or  race  of  nations. 

83bKertoanberung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  mi- 
gration of  nations. 

%$oU,  adj.  full,  complete. 

SoKcn'fcen,  tr.  to  complete,  finish, 
accomplish. 

$Bbtftg,  adj.  full,  entire,  complete. 

SoHfoitt'men,  a<#.  perfect,  com- 
plete. 

BoUUm'mentyit,  perfection. 

&*uftft(illbi(t,  adj.  entire,  complete. 

SBottt,  contraction  of  bon  beitt  (24.2.). 

JBoil,  j>rep.  of;  from  ;  by ;  on  ;  to  ; 
—  jefjcr,  always ;  from  the  earliest 
period. 

SBor,  prep,  before  ;  for  ;  ago  ;  from ; 
of  ;  with  ;  through. 

^Boran'geljett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  precede. 

Soran'fieljen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  be  promi- 
nent. 

Soran'fJeffcn,  tr.  to  put  before. 

Sorbet',  adv.  past. 

SBotbcretten,  *r.  to  prepare. 


$flrerji',  a«fo.  first. 

SorgC^en,  0.  c,  intr.  to  happen, 
come  to  pass. 

$Orgeftf)td)tltd),  adj.  prehistoric. 

$l>OVi]Cftcnt,  adv.  day  before  yester- 
day. 

©Orjjttn'bCIt  fettt,  to  exist. 

SSorljer',  adv.  before  ;  previously. 

$ut*ig,  adj.  past ;  last ;  former. 

SorfommClt,  o.  c,  intr.  to  happen, 
occur  ;  seem,  appear. 

Sorntittag,  m.  -eS,  pi.  -e,  forenoon. 

Sorriit^ig,  adj.  stored  up. 

$0rS,  contraction  ofbOX  DQ0  (24.  2.). 

$orftdjtSma|rea,cl,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  pre- 
cautionary measure. 

$orftlbe,/.~,^.-n,  prefix. 

$OtfJirung,  m.  -e$,i?Z.  -fpriinge,  prom- 
inence ;  projection. 

SortttUdjettb,  adj.  projecting. 

Sortrag,  m.  -e$,  ^.  -trage,  delivery, 
discourse. 

$ortreffli!i},  a#.  excellent. 

^utteiirtJ,  <wfo.  forward. 


SB. 


SBodjett,  wtfr.  to  watch,  guard ;  be 
awake. 

SSattjfttltt,  adj.  watchful. 

S$ad)fcn,   o.  c,  intr.  to  grow,   in- 
crease, wax. 

SBadjgtljum,  ».  -e$,  growth, 
t,  /.  -  i?£.  -en,  watch. 
'» /•  ■*#  pi-  ~en»  weapon. 

SBttffCtttljat,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  warlike 
deed. 

SSngeit,  tr.  to  venture,  risk,  wage. 

SBttgCtt,   m.   -3,  i^.   -,  wagon,  car- 
riage. 


SSafjfoertoattbtfdjaft,  /.  -  pi.  -en, 

affinity. 
SBitfjtCtt,  tr.  to  elect. 
SBttljr,  adj.  true. 
SSd^rcub,  ^rep.  during;   c.  while, 

whilst. 

2Boljr{}ett,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  truth. 

SBaljrfdjemliif},  adJ-  probable. 

2Btttfcr  /•  -  pi  -n,  orphan. 

98  a  lb,  m.  -e3,  jtf.  SBatber,  forest ; 
woods ;  -boum,  m.  -e<3,  jt?Z.  -fcaume, 
forest-tree ;  -ebeilC,  /.  -,  pi.  -% 
wooded  plains. 


364 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


SBoIcS,  n.  -,  Wales. 
SBafa'djtfdj,  adj.  Walachian. 
SSttflctl,    intr.    to    wander,    walk, 
travel. 

2Biil$en,  tr.  to  roll. 
2BnnD,/.  -»j*  Sftutbt,  wall. 
SBttnn  ?  ado.  when  ? 
SSaWt,  adj.  warm. 
SBomung,/.  -vj*  -en,  warning. 

SBarten,  w/r.  to  wait. 
SSarunt'  ?  oAr.  why  ? 
2Ba8  ?  pn»;  what  ?  —  fur  tin  ? 

fine  ?  Ctn  ?  what  kind  of  ?  what  ? 

3Bafd)cn,  °-  c->  *r-  to  wasn- 

SBafdjftOU,  /.  -  pi-  -™,  washer- 
woman. 

SSttffcr,  n.  -4,  pi.  ~,  water  ;  -ftcrg, 
A.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  mountain  of  water  ; 
-fcidjt,  «&*«  water-tight  ;  water- 
proof;  -faH,  m.  -c3,  pi.  -fatte, 
cataract  ;  waterfall  ;  -tttftffe,  /.  -, 
pi.  -n,  body  of  water  ;  -fioff,  m. 
-c$,  hydrogen  gas. 

SBedjfel,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  change. 

SBebet  .  .  .  nod),  c.  neither  .  .  .  nor. 

2Begr  w.  -e£,  pi.  -e,  way,  road  ; 
path. 

3Bcn,C1t,  prep,  on  account  of. 

SSe.qloffcn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  omit,  leave 
out. 

28cf)!(}nn,  a.,  intr.  to  hurt,  offend. 

SScftcn,  intr.  to  blow. 

SBetD,/.  -c^,i^.  -er,  woman,  wife. 

SBctbltflj,  «<:(/.  feminine,  female. 

SBetd),  adj.  soft,  tender,  weak;  lim- 
ber. 

SBcidjen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  give  way, 
yield. 

mitytlf.  -,  Vistula. 

2Bct()Cr,  m.  -$,  pi.  -,  fish-pond. 

SBctf,  c.  because,  since. 

SSetlen,  fctfr.  to  stay,  tarry,  abide. 

38cm,  rn.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  wine. 


SBcifC,  /.  -   pi.  -n,  mode,  manner, 

way  ;  mood. 
SScifc,  «<#.  wise. 
SSctff ,  m.  sage,  wise  man. 
2Bct$(jcit,  /•  -,  wisdom. 
;jj,  «/#.  white. 
/.  -  whiteness. 
SScipCItburO,  ».  -£,  Weissenburg. 
SBei^cnBurgcr,  adj.  of  Weissenburg. 
SBctt,  adj.  far  ;  large. 
SBct^Cn,  m.  -$,  wheat. 

SBcIojcr?  twelve  ?  meldieg?  jwoti. 

who  ?  which  ?  that  ?  some,  any. 

SScttc,/. -,^. -n,  billow. 

SBelftfjfoW,  w.  -c3,  Indian  corn. 

SBcIt,/.  -#j^«  ~en/  world ;  -oil,  n.  -3, 
universe;  -DCrttfjmt,  «<(/.  far- 
famed  ;  -Oiirgerlirf),  adJ-  cosmo- 
politan ;  -|errfd)aft,  /.  -,  domin- 
ion of  the  world  ;  -ntCCt,  *.  -c3, 
2?Z.  -c,  ocean  ;  -tDCtfC,  w.  philos- 
opher. 

SScnDCn,  a,.,  tr.  and  r.  to  turn. 

SScntg,  adj.  little,  few. 

SBCtttgflcng,  adv.  at  least. 

SBenn,  c.  when,  if;  —  OUrfj,  al- 
though ;  -glcid^,  even,  if. 

SBcr  ?  jprott.  who  ? 

SScrbcn,  a,.,  intr.  to  become,  grow, 
get  ;  aux.  to  be  ;  shall  ;  will. 

SScrfcn,  o.  C,  £r.  to  throw,  cast. 

SBerf ,  *•  "■*$>  i^-  -e'  action j  work. 

SSertl),  «#•  worth  ;  worthy  ;  dear. 

SBertl),  m.  -t$,  worth,  value. 

Scrt^tJOK,  adj.  valuable. 

SScfcn,  n.  -3,  pi.  -,  being. 

SSefCtttlidj,  adj.  essential  ;  tin  -en, 
essentially. 

SBc^ttlfi  ?  or  SBcPalfi  ?  «&>•  where- 
fore ? 

\,   m.  -e3,   p£.  -e»  west  ;   west- 
wind  ;  -franfen,  n.  -$,  Western 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


365 


Franconia  ;  -frttttftfdj,  adj.  relat- 
ing to  Western  Franconia;  -go? 
tljenrcidj,  n.  -eS,  Visigothic  king- 
dom ;  -ramifd},  adj.  Western  Eo- 
man. 

SBefie,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  vest. 

SBcften,  m.  -3,  west. 

SBefUtdj,  adj.  western,  westerly. 

SBcfJfttttfdj,  adj.  Westphalian. 

SBcttC,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  contention,  emu- 
lation ;  Ultt  hit  — ,  in  emula- 
tion. 

SSctttr,  n.  -§,  pi.  -,  weather ;  storm, 
tempest. 

28tdjtt0,  adj.  weighty  ;  important ; 
of  consequence. 

SSiber,  prep,  against. 

SBtbcvftdttb,  m.  -e3,  resistance,  oppo- 
sition. 

SBiuCrttlittf ,  m.  -n,  repugnance,  aver- 
sion. 

SStftrtg,  adj.  repulsive ;  repugnant. 

UBte  ?  adv.  how  ?  c.  as  ;  like ;  as 
soon  as ;  — tltcl  ?  how  much  ? 

aSteber,  adv.  again ;  -finbett,  0.  c, 

tr.  to  find  again  ;  -Ijlltt,  m.  -e3, 
echo  ;  -fyttfttUunQ,  /.  -  restora- 
tion, restitution  ;  -Ijo'lClt,  tr.  to 
repeat ;  -(jo'I UttjJ,  /.  -  recapitula- 
tion ;  -fommen,  -0.  c,  intr.  to 
come  again  ;  -fliltQCtt,  0.  c,  intr. 
to  resound  ;  echo. 

SBiett,  ».  -3,  Vienna. 

SBtefC,  /.  -  pi.  -tt,  meadow. 

SBiefef,  ».  -3,  ^.  -,  weasel. 

2BU&,  a#.  wild,  savage  ;  -Jjeiter, 
m.  -$,  pi.  -,  hay -gatherer  on  wild 
lands. 

2BU&,  n.  -e3,  game. 

mif}tlm,  to.  -3,  William. 

2Slttcnf  to.  -§,  will,  inclination,  pur- 
pose. 

gBunftfritfe,  /.  -  Winchbridge. 


£yiuu,  TO.  -e8,  ^£.  -e,  wind,  air, 
breeze  ;  -{junfc,  to.  -e3,  j?£.  -e, 
greyhound  ;  -tttUl)le,  /.  -,  pi.  -tt, 
windmill. 

SBinf  en,  wtfr.  make  a  sign  ;  to  wink. 

SStnter,  to.  -$,  pi.  -,  winter  ;  -mo* 
not,  to.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  winter-month. 

SBtt*,  pron.  we. 

SBtroef,  to.  -3,  _p£.  -  whirl ;  vortex. 

Sfiirlicltt,  intr.  to  whirl,  run  round  ; 
warble. 

SStrtClt,  tr.  to  work,  effect,  act,  per- 
form. 

SBirtljfdiaft,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  house- 
keeping. 

233 iff Clt,  a.,  tr.  to  know,  have  knowl- 
edge of. 

SBtffCIt,  n.  -3,  knowledge,  science. 

2Siffenftf)aft,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  science, 

knowledge. 

SBittew,  tr.  to  scent,  smell,  per- 
ceive. 

SStfc,  to.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  wit. 

2Bo  ?  adv.  where  ? 

SSobunf)'  ?  adv.  whereby  ?  wherein  ? 

SBogCltlCCr,  a^?*  waveless. 

2t>0i)f,  ac?f.  well  ;  probably  ;  -fetl, 
adj.  cheap  ;  -geflltttt,  adj.  well- 
intentioned  ;  -tfj  jiter,  to.  -0,  ^.  -, 
benefactor. 

9So()ltCUf  intr.  to  live,  dwell,  abide, 
reside. 

SBo^n^ttU0,  n.  -e$,  #Z.  -pufer,  dwell- 
ing-house. 

SBoljnfty,  to.  -e$,  j?Z.  -e,  domicil, 
abode. 

SBoIjmmg,  /.  -  i*Z.  -en,  lodging, 
dwelling. 

SBolf,  to.  -c«,  jrf.  SBoffe,  wolf. 

SSolf  e,  /.  -,  jp£.  -n,  cloud,  welkin. 

SBottett,  a.,  tr.  and  aux.  to  will,  be 
willing ;  intend,  wish,  desire, 
want. 


366 


GERMAN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


Jffiomit  ?  adv.  with  what  ?  where- 
with ? 

SSorttttf?  adv.  on  which  ?  whereon  ? 

SBoritt'  ?  adv.  in  which  ?  wherein  ? 

SBort,  to.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  a?id  SSiirter, 
word. 

S&ortfcttt,  to.  -3,  pi.  -,  little  word. 

TOrtCtlmd),  to.  -e$,  pi.  -biidjer,  dic- 
tionary. 

SButri),  adj.  wounded,  sore  j  -otjt, 
m.  -e$,  ^>Z.  -drgte,  surgeon. 

SBuntie,  /.  -  pi-  -**  wound. 

S&unfcer,  to.  -3,  jp£.  -,  miracle,  mar- 
vel ;  -fdjOtt,  adj.  most  beautiful, 
wonderfully  fair  ;  -ttofl,  adj. 
wonderful. 


SBtmbern,  r.  to  wonder  at. 
SBunfilj,  on.  -e$,  j>J.  SBimjtye,  wish, 

desire. 
SBiinfdjen,  fr*.  to  wish,  desire. 
SSiittfdjenStoCrtlj,  adj.  desirable. 

SBiirbe,   /.    -    pi.   -n,    dignity, 

honor. 
SlSiiluifl,    adj.   worthy,    deserving, 

estimable. 
SSiirtJigcn,  tr.  to  deign,  vouchsafe. 

SBiirjc,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  spice. 
SSurjcf,  /.  -,  pi.  -n,  root  j  -uofal, 

m.  -e£,  pi.  -e,  root-vowel ;  radical 

vowel. 
SButf),  /.  -  rage,  fury. 
SBiitfjen,  intr.  to  rage. 


8- 


3Ggfjflftr  adj.  despondent,  timid, 
fearful. 

$01)1,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  number  ;  -rttdj, 
adj.  numerous ;  -hiort,  to.  -e$, 
^)?.  -ttorter,  numeral. 

Boljfcn,  tr.  to  pay. 

.gajjiCtt,  tr.  to  number. 

So^iung,  /.  -  pi.  -en,  payment. 

#a(jnIJurj!c,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  tooth- 
brush. 

$&Vt,  adj.  soft,  tender ;  delicate, 
nice. 

^iirtutfj,  adj.  tender,  amorous. 

giiumen,  tr.  to  bridle. 

■Sefjlt,  ten. 

§titf)tnf  to.  -3,  ^>Z.  -,  sign,  token, 
mark. 

^eidjjltett,  tr.  to  draw,  delineate,  de- 
sign. 

^Ctfjett,  tr.  to  show. 

$cif,  /•  -#  name  of  a  street. 


•Sett,  /.  r,  J*,  -en,  time,  age  ;  Dot 
-en,  in  the  days  of  old  ;  -ttta§, 
to.  -e3,  space  of  time  ;  -ttlUJIt, 
m.  -e3,  pi.  -rdume,  space  of  time  ; 
period. 

$etttg,  adj.  early,  timely. 

^ettung,  /•  -  pi.  -en,  newspaper, 
gazette. 

Sette,  /.  -  pi.  -n,  cell. 

$elt,  to.  -e3,  ^>Z.  -e,  tent. 

^Crfttl'lcit,  o.  c,  intr.  to  be  divided. 

SJerljatt'Ctt,  o.  c,  fr\  to  cut  asun- 
der. 

^Crle'gctt,  tr.  to  divide,  separate, 
disjoin. 

Serle'gUttg,  /.  -,  pi.  -en,  dividing, 
separating. 

germal'mett,  tr.  to  crush,  bruise, 

grind. 
ftcrtti'iltn,  o.  c,  tr.  to  rend,  tear. 
SerfHe'feCJtf  °-  c->  ^nir-  *°  scatter. 


GERMAN- ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


367 


3erfHJr'ettr  tr.  to  destroy. 

fttrftteu'tn,  tr.  to  dissipate,  divert 
from. 

Serfircu'Ulig,  /•  -,  pi.  -en,  amuse- 
ment, diversion. 

^Crtljenett,  tr.  to  divide,  separate, 
branch. 

^Crtre'tett,  o.  c,  tr.  to  tread  down. 

Scitgittp,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  witness, 
testimony. 

.Sictyftt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  draw  ;  move  ; 

march  ;  ftrfj  au8  fcer  Sdjlinge  -, 

to  extricate   one's   self  from   the 
difficulty. 

^tel,  ».  -e3,  ^Z.  -e,  end,  limit,  tar- 
get, mark. 

.gicmlid},  adj.  pretty,  tolerable  ;  fo 
— ,  tolerably,  pretty  well. 

Emitter,  n.  -^  ^?Z.  -  room,  apart- 
ment, chamber  ;  -ttttttttt,  m.  -e3, 
pi.  -leute,  carpenter. 

StrJJC  11,  intr.  to  chirp. 

ftitxo'ne,  f.  -,  pi.  -n,  lemon. 

^tttcrttf  ™ltr.  to  tremble,  quake, 
shake,  shiver. 

3oH,  m.  -e3,  /tf.  -e»  incn- 

3omf  m.  -e3,  anger,  wrath,  indig- 
nation. 

goring,  adj.  angry,  passionate,  vio- 
lent. 

Qut  prep,  at ;  by  ;  to  ;  for ;  in ;  on ; 
adv.  too,  to. 

Surfer,  m.  -$,  sugar ;  -aljont,  m.  -3, 
pi.  -e,  sugar  maple. 

SuerfT,  «^u.  first,  in  the  first  place. 

$ltf(lU,  *»•  ~^»  j^-  -fftffc,  chance, 
accident. 

3  It  fallen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  fall  to  one's 
share. 

SufttHtg,  adj.  accidental. 

Sltfludjt,  /•  -,  refuge,  shelter; 
-Sftiitte,  /•  -,  pi.  -n,  place  of 
refuge. 


3ufoI'ge,  prep,  in  consequence  of,  in 
pursuance  of. 

SufriCfcCtt,  adj.  contented;  satis- 
fied. 

Sufrie'&enljeit,  /.  -,  contentment, 
satisfaction. 

^Ufrteren,  o.  c,  intr.  to  freeze 
over. 

3U0,  m.  -e3,  pi.  3nge,  march,  pro- 
cession ;  -hxMt,  f.  -  pi.  -n, 
draw-bridge. 

■Sutjttttg,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -gange,  admis- 
sion. 

Sugretdj',  adv.  at  the  same  time. 

$\im,  contraction  of  Jtt  ilCttt  (24. 
2.). 

SttnttdjfT,  prep,  next  to. 

^uncfjmen,  o.  c,  intr.  to  increase, 
grow. 

Sunge,/.  -,pl.  -n,  tongue. 

3ttrr  contraction  o/ju  fcer  (24.  2.). 

Surest  fieHen,  fr<  to  set  in  order, 
arrange. 

gurtdjer,  adj.  ind.  Zurich,  of  Zu- 
rich. 

$uru(f t  adv.  back,  backward. 

Simitf'&fei&ett,  o.  c,  intr.  to  remain, 
remain  behind. 

SururfortngCtt,  a.,  tr.  to  bring 
back. 

8uriilf  feljrett,  intr.  to  return. 

Uurutf'legett,  tr.  to  pass  over ;  lay 
aside. 

3ururf'ttet6ettr  o.  c,  tr.  to  drive 
back,  repulse. 

Surittf  tretetl,  o.  c,  intr.  to  with- 
draw. 

Sururf'jie^CIt,  o.  c,  r.  to  retire, 
withdraw. 

$Ufam'mCtt,  adv.  together. 

Sufttltt'lttenfttffcn,  tr.  to  combine, 
sum  up,  comprehend,  comprise, 
recapitulate. 


368 


GERMAN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


gufammenljangen,  o.c,  intr. to  hang 

together,  be  connected,  cohere. 

;3ufam'mfit!jungenb,  adj.  coherent. 

^ufom'mcnfCi?CIt,  tr.  to  compound, 
combine. 

gufain'jncnfefcung,  /.  -,  pi.  -en, 

combination,  compounding,  com- 
position. 

Sufam'mctttrcfje nr  o.c,  intr.  to  meet. 

ijufam'mcntoadjfen,  o.  c,  intr.  to 

grow  together ;  concrete ;  coalesce. 

Sufeijen,  0.  Cmt  ilUr.  to  \00^  at> 

3uf}anbf  m.  -e$,pl.  -flanbe,  condition. 
$Utran,C11f  o.  c,  r.  to  happen,  come 

to  pass. 
^Utrilfllid},  adj.  advantageous,  useful. 


^lltrittr  m.  -e3,  admittance,  access. 
^UtDCl'Icn,  adv.  sometimes. 
^tottltjig,  twenty. 
SttJttt,  adv.  it  is  true,  indeed. 
$toeif ,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  end,  purpose. 
^tocifd^ttft,  adj.  doubtful. 
$ll)eig,  m.  -e$,  pi.  -e,  branch,  twig. 
QtOtitt,  num.  second. 
Stotrg,  «».  -it,  pi.  -e,  dwarf;  boy. 
gttriltgCIt,  o.  c,  tr.  to  compel,  subdue. 
$!W1tgCr,  m.  -§,pl.-,  confined  space. 
3toingI)errfajaft,/.-,pZ. -en,  tyranny, 
^tutltfcn,  intr.  to  blink. 
^totfrfjCIt,  prep,  between,  betwixt ; 

among,  amongst. 
$tmtfdjernr  intr.  to  twitter,  warble. 


ADDENDA. 


ftmcrtfttltifdj,  adj.  American, 
ftltgltjl,  m.  -$,  August. 
9lll$brud),  m.-z$,pl.-br\i(f)tt  eruption. 
&ttgfcntoVn--^,.pZ.-bru(fe,expression. 
JBctn,  n.  -e3,  pi.  -e,  bone,  leg. 
©Bin,  n.  -3,  Cologne. 
$te§feit£,  prep,  on  this  side. 
$rutfei!,  tr.  to  press. 
Gingcfccttf  fcin,  to  remember. 

(jftnfantmein,  tr.  to  gather. 

<$ltQ(if d}cr  n.  -n,  the  English. 
GqnCDtrge,  w.  -3,  Erzgebirge. 
iVCbruar,  m.  -3,  February. 
^C^tClt,  intr.  to  fight,  to  fence. 
©rilfm,/.  (^?Z.  -nen),  countess. 

3rgenb  3emanb,«anybody. 

^tt  Hurjeitt,  in  a  short  time. 
WialtXCi,  /.  (joZ.  -en),  painting,  man- 
ner of  painting. 
SHdnnltOJ,  adj.  male,  masculine. 
papier,  n.  -e3,  jrL  -e,  paper. 
Otcgnen,  imp.  to  rain. 


Saint,  jprcp.  together  with. 

2tfj0ttigf  adj.  shady,  umbrageous. 

Sjlttrtaner,  m.  -3,  pi.  -,  Spartan, 
Lacedaemonian. 

Stttttftttben,  to  take  place. 

St!)l,  w.  -e$,  ^Z.  -e,  style. 

Subjttnftil),  m.  -$,  pi.  -e,  subjunc- 
tive ;  subjunctive  mood. 

^ranfltttJ,  adj.  transitive. 

tUM,  n.  -$,  pi.  -,  evil ;  ill. 

lllHfjcr,  adv.  around. 

Unt  •  •  hliUcn,  prep,  for  the  sake  of. 

JBcroICtOJCn,  intr.  grow  pale  ;  expire. 

$crtrren,  refl.  to  lose  the  way. 

S?CrIcitCttr  tr.  to  lead  astray. 

JBcrtTttg,  m.  -c3,  pL  -troge,  stipula- 
tion. 

SSof^crtn,  /.  -  pi.  -nen,  washer- 
woman. 

SBodje,/.  -,pl.  -n,  week. 

SBOBOlt  ?  adv.  of  which  ?  or  what  ? 
whereof  ? 


II.   English-German. 


A,  an,  em,  eine,  ein. 

Able,  fdbig  ;  to  be  — ,  fonnen. 

About,  ctroa,  ungefdfyr. 

Above,  iiber,  oberfyalb. 

Accompany,  begleiten. 

Accomplish,  $u  ©tanbe  fcringen,  and* 

fitijrcn. 
According  to,  gema§,  nadj ;  according 

as,  je  nad)bem. 
Account, bie SRecfynung ;  on— of,ir>egen. 
Accuse,  anHagen,  kfcfyulbigen. 
Accustomed,  gerooijnt. 
Acquaintance,  bcr  Scfannte,  bte  SSe= 

fannte. 
Action,  bie  SBirfttng;   bte  £anblung; 

bte  S|at. 
Adhere,  anljangen. 
Adoiphus,  Slbolpij. 
Adverb,  bad  2tb»erB. 
Advise,  ratten. 
After,  prep,  nad) ;  c.  nad)bem ;  -noon, 

ber  9iad)mittag. 
Again,  roiebcr. 
Against,  roiber,  gegen. 
Ago,  sor,  sorter. 
Agreeable,  angeneljm. 
Aid,  bte  £it(fe,  ber  Setffcmb. 
Ail,  fel)Ien. 
Aim,  bad  3tel. 
All,  atfcr,  alle,  ailed ;  not  at  — ,  gan* 

imb  gar  nid)t ;  nothing  at  — ,  gan$ 

unb  gar  9?id)td ;  it  is  —  gone,  ed  iji 

alle. 
Allow,  crlauben,  taffert. 
Almost,  fafl,  beinafje. 
Along,  (angd,  entlang. 
Already,  bereitd,  fd)on. 
Also,  aud). 

Although,  obglcidj,  obfdjon. 
Always,  immer,  jtetd. 
24 


Ambassador,  ber  ©efanbte. 

America,  9Imerifa. 

American,  ber  Slmertfcmer ;  bte  $fmert« 

fanerin. 
Among,  unter,  groifdjen. 
Amount  to,  betragen. 
And,  unb. 
Animal,  bad  3#ter. 
Answer,  antroorten. 
Any,  trgenb  ein,  eine,  etrt ;  -body,  trgenb 

3emanb,  Semanb ;   -thing,   trgenb 

Gtroad,  (£troad. 
Apple,  ber  Sfpfel. 

Architect,  ber  23aumetfrer,  2Ird)iteft. 
Armchair,  bcr  2InnfhiI)I. 
Army,  bte  9(rmee,  bad  $eer* 
Around,  um. 
Arrest,  »ert)aften. 
Arrive,  anfommen. 
Art-gallery,  bte  $unftgallerie. 
Artist,  ber  titnftler. 
As,  aid,  rote ;  — .  .  .  — ,  fo ...  rote ; 

—  soon  — ,  fobalb,  fobalb  aid. 
Ashamed,   befdjdmt;    to  be  — ,    fid) 

fd)dmen. 
Assist,  fjelfen. 

Assistance,  ber  Seiffrmb,  bte  £ulfe. 
Astonishment,  bad  ©rjlaunen. 
At,  an,  m,  &«,  in,  um,  nad). 
Attraction,  ber  9tet$. 
August,  ber  3luguft. 
Aunt,  bte  Xante. 
Austria,  Deftretd)  or  Defterreidj. 
Avail,  fid)  bebienen. 
Avoid,  sernteiben. 
Await,  erroarten,  aoroarten. 
Awake,  crroadjen. 
Aware,  berou§t. 
Away,  roeg,  fort. 
Axis,  bie  9Id)fe. 


370 


ENGLISH-GERMAN   VOCABULARY. 


B. 


Back,  prutf. 

Backward,  riicfroarta,  guriicf. 

Bad,  bofe. 

Bake,  bacfen. 

Baker,  33acfer. 

Bank,  baa  Ufcr,  baa  ©eftabe. 

Bark,  bie  $inbe. 

Basket,  bcr  $orb. 

Battle,  bie  <3d)lad)t,  baa  Sreffen. 

Be,  fcin ;  fid)  befmben. 

Beak,  ber  <3d)nabel. 

Bear,  gebaren. 

Bear,  ber  33ar. 

Beard,  ber  ©art. 

Beat,  fcfylagen. 

Beautiful,  fd)5n. 

Because,  roeil. 

Become,  roerben ;   to  —  acquainted 

with,  fennen  lernen. 
Bed,  baa  33ett ;  baa  Sect. 
Bee,  bie  Siene. 

Before,  prep.  »or ;  c.  besor,  er)e. 
Beg,  bitten,  betteln. 
Begin,  anfangen,  beginnen. 
Behave,  fid)  betragen. 
Behavior,  baa  Setragen. 
Behind,  ljintcr. 
Believe,  glauben. 
Belong,  geljorert. 
Below,  unter,  unterfjalb. 
Bench,  bie  33anf. 
Benefactor,  ber  SBotyftfcater. 
Beside,  neben ;  au§er. 
Betake  one's  self,  ftd)  begeben. 
Bethink,  ftd)  bebenfen. 
Betray,  verratfjen. 
Between,  jroifdjen. 
Binding,  ber  Sinbanb. 
Bird,  ber  23ogel ;  —  of  prey,  ber  SRaub- 

ttogel. 


Bite,  betjjett. 

Black,  ftyroarj. 

Blame,  tabeln. 

Blind,  blinb. 

Blindness,  bie  33linb^ett» 

Blue,  blau. 

Boast,  fid)  riibmen. 

Body,  bcr  ilorper. 

Bohemia,  Soljmen. 

Bohemian,  bcr  Soljme. 

Book,  ba^  23ud) ;  -binder,  ber  S8ud)* 

binber;    -case,    bcr    93ud)crfd)ranf ; 

-seller,  ber  Sud^anbler ;  -store,  bie 

3Mtd$anblun<$. 
Boot,  bcr  ©tiefel ;  -maker,  bcr  ©ttefel* 

madjer. 
Bottle,  bie  $lafcbe. 
Boy,  ber  $nabe,  bcr  3unge. 
Brave,  tapfer,  tuf)n. 
Bread,  baa  Srob. 
Break,  bred)en,  jerbred)en. 
Bridle,  ber  Baum. 
Bright,  fyeil,  ftar,  gtangenb. 
Bring,  bringen. 
Brittle,  gerbrcd)Iidj. 
Brook,  ber  %$a$. 
Broom,  ber  23efen. 
Brother,   ber  ©ruber;    -in-law,   ber 

(Sd)tt>ager. 
Brush,  bie  Surfte. 
Bud,  bie  5?noape. 
Build,  bauen. 
Building,  baa  ©ebaube. 
Burdensome,  taftig,  befd)tt>erlid). 
Burn,  brennen. 
But,  aber ;  rntr. 
Butter,  bie  Sutter. 
Buy,  faufen. 
By,  burd),  pen,  auf,  ju. 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


371 


C. 


Cabinet-maker,  ber  £ifd)ler. 

Cake,  ber  $ud)en. 

Call,  rufert ;  nennen ;  fyeifjen. 

Can,  fonnen,  sermogen. 

Cap,  bte  $appe. 

Capable,  fdbjg,  taugttd). 

Care,  bte  ©orge,  bte  2}orftd)t ;  to  take 
— ,  2ld)t  gefcen ;  fid)  bitten. 

Care,  fid)  befitmmern,  forgen. 

Careful,  forgfdlttg. 

Carpenter,  ber  3imntermann. 

Carpet,  ber  £eppid). 

Carriage,  ber  2Bagen. 

Carry,  tragen,  brtngen. 

Cartbage,  ilartfyago. 

Castle,  ba$  <5d)loJ3. 

Catch,  fangen. 

Caterpillar,  bte  9?aupe. 

Cathedral,  ber  £>om,  bte  ©otnfirdje. 

Cause,  bte  <5ctd)e,  bte  Urfadje. 

Celebrated,  beritljmt. 

Cent,  ber  Sent. 

Century,  ba£  34rljunbert. 

Certain,  gerctp,  ftdjer. 

Chair,  ber  (Stuljt. 

Chalk,  bte  $reibe. 

Change,  bte  23erdnberung. 

Charles,  $arl. 

Cheap,  roofylfetl,  Mtttg. 

Cheese,  ber  $dfe. 

Cherry,  bte  $trfdje. 

Chief,  ba$  £aupt ;  —  point  of  attrac- 
tion, ber  |jaitptan$iefyung$t>unft. 

Child,  ba$  $inb. 

Chimborazo,  ber  (Itjtmboraffo. 

Chirp,  girpen. 

Christ,  e&riftaS. 

Church,  bte  ilirdje. 

Circulation,  ber  ttmtauf. 

Citizen,  ber  ©itrger. 

City,  bte  ©tabt ;  -life,  baS  ©tabtleben. 

Civilization,  bte  (Swtltfatton. 

Claw,  bte  illcute,  bte  ^rafle. 


Clear,  fyttt,  flar,  rein. 

Climb,  flimmen,  flettern. 

Cloak,  ber  Mantel. 

Clock,  bte  Ubr;   at  six  o'clock,  urn 

fed)*  Uljr. 
Cloth,  ba*  £ud). 
Cloud,  bte  SBoIfe. 
Coach,  bte  $utfd)e;  -man,  ber  $ut= 

fdjer. 
Coal,  bte  Riffle ;  -black,  foljlfdjroarj. 
Coat,  ber  9?orf. 
Coblentz,  ^oblenj. 
Coffee,  ber  flaffee. 
Coin,  bte  9ftunge,  ba*  ®elb. 
Cold,  fait ;  I  am  — ,  e<3  frtert  mid),  e$ 

t[t  mir  fait ;  to  take  — ,  ftdj  erfditen. 
Collection,    bte   ©ammtung ;    —   of 

paintings  or  pictures,  bte  ©emdlbe* 

fammiung. 
Cologne,  ftbln. 
Come,  fommen. 
Comfortable,  bequem. 
Command,  befebjen. 
Command,  ber  23efeljL 
Commander,  ber  S3efe$l3$a5er, 
Commend,  cmpfebfett* 
Common,  gerooljnUd). 
Compel,  groingen. 
Complain,  fid)  beflagen. 
Concert,  ba<3  Soncert. 
Conjunction,  ba*  S3mbc»'ort ;  bte  Gum* 

junftion. 
Connect,  serfnitpfen,  serbtnbem 
Conscientious,  gettriffenfyaft. 
Consider,  batten  fitr. 
Considerable,  bebeutenb. 
Consumption,  ber  Skrbrand). 
Contented,  ^ufrieben. 
Continue,  bauern. 
Continually,  fortwdfyrenb,  beflanbtg. 
Contradict,  ttiberfprecfyen. 
Convict,  uberfubjen. 
Conviction,  bte  tteberaengung. 


372 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


Convince,  uberjeitgen. 

Cook,  ber  $ocb,  bie 

Cool,  fubl. 

Copy,  abfcbreibetu 

Corn,  bad  $orn. 

Cost,  fojten. 

Costly,  fojrbar. 

Connt,  ber  ©raf. 

Country,  bad  ganb ;  -house,  bad  Sanb- 

baud ;  -seat,  ber  2anbft§,  bad  Sanb* 

got 
Courageous,  irtutljig. 
Course,  ber  2auf ;   ber  Gutrfud ;   bie 

9teib,e ;  of  — ,  natiirlid). 


Cousin,  ber  Setter,  bie  (£oufme. 

Cover,  bebecfert. 

Cover,  ber  ttmftylag. 

Cow,  bie  $u6. 

Cowardly,  feige. 

Cricket,  bie  ©rifle,  bad  £eim<$em 

Crime,  bad  23erbred)en. 

Criminal,  ber  SSerbrecfyer. 

Crooked,  gefriimmt. 

Cross,  bad  $reuj. 

Cross,  iiberfdjreiten. 

Cut,  fcfyneiben,  fyaucn. 


D. 


Dam,  ber  £)antm. 

Danger,  bie  ©efaljr. 

Dangerous,  gefafyrlidj. 

Danube,  bie  2)onau. 

Dare,  ftdt>  getrauen. 

Dark,  bimfel ;  -green,  bunfelgriin. 

Daughter,  bie  Softer. 

Day,  ber  Sag ;  —  after  to-morrow, 
ubermorgen  ;  —  before  yesterday, 
fcorgejiern ;  -laborer,  ber  Saglbbner. 

Dead,  tobt. 

Deaf,  taub ;  —  and  dumb,  taubjlimim. 

Deal,  ber  or  bad  2#eU ;  a  great  — , 
febj  »tel. 

Dear,  tieb,  tbeuer. 

Death,  ber  Sob. 

Deceive,  betritgen,  btrttergeben, 

December,  ber  IDejentber, 

Deck,  bad  23erbecf. 

Declare,  erfiaren. 

Deed,  bie  Zfyat,  |>anblung. 

Deep,  tief. 

Defeat,  fd)tagen,  itberttnnben. 

Deserve,  serbienen. 

Design,  entroerfen. 

Design,  bad  SBorbabert,  ber  ${an. 

Desirable,  rounfefyendroertf). 


Desk,  bad  $utt. 

Despair,  serjroeifeln. 

Destiny,  bad  <3d)icffat,  bie  Seftimmung. 

Destitute,  ent&lojjt,  tterlaffen. 

Destroy,  gerpren. 

Determine,  entfdjeiben,  bef$lieJ3en. 

Devote,  ergeben. 

Diamond,  ber  2)iamant. 

Dictionary,  bad  SBorterbucb. 

Die,  prben. 

Difference,  ber  ttnterfefyieb. 

Different,  »erfd)ieberu 

Difficult,  fdjroierig. 

Dig,  graben. 

Diligence,  ber  Bfleig. 

Diligent,  fleiftfg. 

Dinner,  bad  SftittagdmabJ,  bad  2ttittag= 

effen. 
Dint ;  by  —  of,  sermoge. 
Direct,  ricfyten. 
Disagreeable,  urtartgenebm. 
Disappear,  serfdjimnben. 
Discontented,  urt^ufrteben. 
Discourse,  bie  $ebe,  ber  SBortrag;  bie 

SlbljanbUmg. 
Dislike,    roibrig    ftnbcn,    mijjMUtgen ; 

I  dislike  to  sing,  id)  finge  ungerru 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


373 


Dissimulation,  bie  Skrfteflung,. 

Distinct,  serfcfyieben. 

Ditch,  ber  ®raben. 

Do,  tljim,  mackn. 

Doctor,  ber  £>oftor. 

Dog,  ber  |mnb. 

Dollar,  ber  Scaler. 

Doubtful,  jroetfel^afr,  ungettrifj. 

Down,  nieber,  krab,  knak  tyinunter, 

krunter. 
Dozen,  baS  £>u£enb. 
Drag  away,  ttegf#lepl>ett» 


Draw,  jiekn,  gett^netr. 
Drayman,  ber  banner. 
Dress,  baS  $Ieib. 
Drink,  trtnfen ;  faufen. 
Drink,  batf  ©etrdnfe. 
Drive,  rreikn,  faken. 
Dry,  trocfen. 
Duck,  bie  (Snte. 
During,  jr»ar;renb. 
Dust,  ber  ©tauk 
Duty,  bie  9>fitck. 
Dwelling,  ba$  2Bo$n$att& 


E. 


Each  other,  eincmber. 

Early,  friik. 

Earth,  bie  (£rbe. 

Easy,  leick. 

Eat,  effen ;  »er$efjren ;  freffen. 

Effort,  bie  9lnjtrengung. 

Egg,  bad  Si. 

Either  ...  or,  entroeber  . . . 

Elect,  rodfyten,  errodfc^en. 

Else,  fonfr. 

Emigrate,  auStoanbern. 

Emperor,  ber  ilaifer. 

Empire,  baS  ilaiferreid). 

End,  enbigen. 

Enemy,  ber  $einb. 

English,  englifek 

Enjoy,  genicpen,  fid)  erfreuen. 

Enough,  genug. 

Entire,  aanj,  ttoflftdnbig. 

Envious,  neibtfck 


ober. 


Equal,  gteick 

Error,  ber  3rrtfjum, 

Especially,  kfonberS. 

Esteem,  fd)d£en,  acken, 

European,  europdtfck 

Even,  fclbfr ;  not  — ,  nirf)t  einmaL 

Evening,  ber  2lknb;    this  — ,  kute 

Stfcnfc 
Ever,  jf. 
Every,  jeber,  jebe,  jebeS ;  -body,  3eber= 

mann ;  -where,  ufceratt. 
Excellent,  ttortrefflid),  au(?geseidjnet. 
Except,  auSgenommen. 
Excite,  erregen. 
Exercise,  bie  Slufgak,. 
Exert,  anftrengen. 
Expect,  erroarten. 
Expensive,  foftfpielig. 
Explain,  erfldren* 
Eye,  ba$  Sluge, 


Fade,  ttelfen. 
Faithful,  treu. 
Fall,  fatten. 
Fall,  baS  ©efdtfe. 


F. 


Fame,  ber  0?n1jm,  ber  $uf. 
Family,  bie  $ctmilie. 
Far,  rceit,  fern,  entfernt ;  not 
unroeit,  nnfern. 


from, 


374 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


Fashion,  bie  5flobe. 
Fast,  fdjnett,  Ijurtig. 
Father,  ber  SJater ;  -land,  bad  $ater* 

lanb. 
Fault,  bcr  8*tf>to. 
Favorable,  giinfrig. 
Fear,  fitrdncn,  fid)  fitrd)ten. 
February,  bcr  gebruar. 
Feeble,  fd)it>adj. 

Feeling,  bad  ©efiifrL,  bie  (Smpftnbung. 
Few,  wcnigc ;  a  — ,  einige. 
Field,  bad  ftclb. 
Fight,  fed)ten,  fampfen. 
Final,  enblid). 

Find,  finben ;  —  out,  audftnben. 
Finger,  ber  finger. 
Fire,  bad  gcucr ;  -place,  bcr  or  bad 

ftamttt. 
Fisherman,  bcr  gifdjer. 
Fit,  paffen. 
Fitting,  paffienb. 
Flatter,  fd)meid)eln. 
Flatterer,  bcr  (5d)meicbter. 
Flattering,  fd)meid)elf)aft. 
Flee,  flie(>en. 
Flour,  bad  2Re$f. 
Flow,  fliefkn. 
Flower,    bie   23lume;   -garden,    ber 

SMumengarten. 


Flute,  bie  glote. 

Fly,  flicgen  ;  —  away,  ttegfliegen. 

Foliage,  bad  2au6,  bad  gaubwerf. 

Fond ;  to  be  —  of,  feljr  lieben. 

Foolish,  tfj6rid)t. 

Foot,  ber  gu§. 

For,  c.  benn  ;  prep,  far,  »or,  urn,  auf. 

Foreign,  fremb. 

Foreigner,  bcr  and  bie  $rembe. 

Forest,  bcr  2Balb ;  -tree,  ber  SBalb* 

baum. 
Forfeited,  serlufHg. 
Forget,  vcrgeffcn. 
Formerly,  fritter. 
Forward,  ijorwartd. 
Fowl,  bad  £u&n. 
Fox,  bcr  gud)d. 
Frankfort,  $ranffurt. 
Frederick,  $riebrid). 
Free,  fret* 
Freeze,  frieren. 
Frenchman,  ber  ^ranjofe. 
Friend,  bcr  greunb ;  bie  $reuttbm. 
From,  son,  aud,  an. 
Fruit,  bie  $rudjt. 
Fulfil,  erfuflen. 
Full,  soli,  sotttg. 
Further,  ferner. 


G. 


Gain,  gettrinnen,  crlangen. 
Garden,  ber  ©arten. 
Gardener,  ber  ©avtner ;  bie  ©artnerin. 
General,  gewoljnlid). 
Gentleman,  bcr  £crr. 
Genus,  bad  ©efd)led)t. 
German,  ber  ami  bie  £)eutfdje. 
German,  beurfd). 
Germany,  £)eutfd)ianb. 
Get,  erlangen ;  tyolen ;  toerben ;  to  — 
along,  fid)  bebetfen. 


Give,  geben,  fd)enfen. 

Glad,  frof) ;  lam-  ed  freut  mid). 

Glass,  bad  ©lad. 

Glove,  ber  £>anbfd)ulj. 

Go,  gefyen ;  to  —  to  get,  Ijoten ;  to  — 

away,  fteggefyen ;  to  —  for,  bolen ; 

to  —  out,  audgefjeru 
Gold,  bad  ©olb. 
Good,  gut. 
Goose,  bie  ©and. 
Govern,  ^errfdjen,  regieren. 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


375 


Gracious,  giitig. 

Grammar,  bte  ©rammatif. 

Grandfather,  ber  ©rojjsater. 

Grandmother,  bie  ©ropmutter. 

Grass,  bad  ©rad. 

Grateful,  banfbar. 

Gray,  grots. 

Great,  grog  ;  a  —  deal,  fe$r  »tcl. 

Greece,  ©riedjenlanb. 

Green,  griin. 


Greyhound,  ber  2Birtbf)itnb. 
Grieve,  fid)  gramert. 
Grind,  maljlen,  fd)leifert. 
Grocer,  ber  Cramer. 
Grow,  tx>ad)fert. 
Guess,  ratten,  erratljeru 
Guide,  ber  gitljrer. 
Guilty,  fd)ulbig. 
Gustavas,  ©uftott. 


Habit,  bte  ©ettofjtrljeir. 

Habitation,  bie  SBotymtltg. 

Half,  $alb. 

Hammer,  ber  jammer. 

Handsome,  fd)6n. 

Hang,  ftcingen,  Ijartgen. 

Happen,  fid)  ereignen. 

Happy,  gliifflid). 

Harbor,  ber  £afen. 

Hard,  bart. 

Hardship,  bad  Urtgemad). 

Hat,  ber  £ut. 

Hate,  fyaffen. 

Have,  fyafeen. 

Hay,  bad  £eu. 

He,  er ;  berjenige. 

Head,  ber  $opf. 

Health,  bie  ©efunbljeir. 

Hear,  ()brert. 

Heart,  bad  £er$. 

Heaven,  ber  £immel. 

Heavy,  fcbroer. 

Height,  bie  £6fie. 

Help,  f)elfert. 

Help,  bie  £it(fe,  ber  Seiftanb. 

Helpless,  f)itlflod. 

Hen,  bie  ferine. 

Hence,  bedfyalfr ;  baljer. 

Henry,  £eirtrid). 

Her,  ibr. 

Herd,  bie  £erbe. 


Here,  ftier. 

Hermit,  ber  (Stnftebler. 

Hero,  ber  £elb. 

High,  Ijod). 

Himself,  er  felbfl ;  ftd). 

His,  fein ;  ber,  bie,  bad  feine  or  feinige. 

History,  bie  ©cfd)id)te. 

Hit,  treffert. 

Hold,  fatten. 

Hole,  bad  £odj,  bie  £6£)Ie. 

Homage,   bie  $ulbigung;   to  do  — > 

fyitlbigen. 
Home,  bie  £eintart) ;  adv.  nad)  #aufe ; 

at  — ,  $u  £aufe. 
Honor,  bie  (Sfyre. 
Honor,  eforert ;  preiferu 
Hope,  t)  off  en. 
Horror,  bad  (£ntfe|en ;  I  have  a  — , 

ed  graut  mir. 
Horse,  bad  $ferb. 
Hot,  $ei|. 
Hour,  bie  ©tunbe. 
House,  bad  £>aud. 
How,  roie. 
However,  jebodj. 
Human,  menfd)Iid). 
Hungary,  Urtgarru 
Hungry,  l)imgrig. 
Hunter,  ber  3ager. 
Hurt,  fcfyaben. 
Husbandman,  ber  Sanbmann, 


376 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


It* 

Ice,  bad  (Sid. 
Idle,  mitjjtg,  rrage. 
Idleness,  ber  2fiit£iggartg. 
If,  roenn. 

Ill-natured,  fcodarrig. 
Immigrant,  bcr  einroanberer. 
Important,  rotd)tig. 
Impossible,  unmogltd). 
Impression,  bcr  Sinbrucf. 
Improvidence,  bie  Un»orftd)tigfeiL 
In,  in. 

Inch,  ber  3otu 
Independent,  una&Mngtg. 
Indian  corn,  bad  2Belfd)forn. 
Indispensable,  uncntkfyrlid). 
Indistinct,  unbeutlid). 
Indolent,  rrdge. 
Industrious,  fleifjig. 
Injure,  fdjaben. 


Injurious,  nadjffjeitig.. 

Ink,  bie  £inte ;  -stand,  bad  SintenfajL 

Innocence,  bte  Unftyulb, 

Insect,  bad  3nfeft. 

Instead,  anftatr,  ftatt. 

Instruct,  untcrrid)tcrt,  fc^rert. 

Instrument,  bad  SBerfjeug. 

Into,  to,  nad),  ju. 

Inure,  abfydrten. 

Invalid,  adj.  franf;  noun  ber  %\\tia* 

libe. 
Invent,  crfinbert. 

Invincibility,  bie  tfnukmnnblid)feit. 
Iron,  bad  (£ifert. 
Island,  bte  3nfeL 
It,  ed. 
Italian,  adj.  italtemfdj ;  noun  ber  3W* 

Itcner ;  —  lady,  bie  3talieneriru 
Italy,  Stalien. 
Its,  fein ;  beffett. 


J. 


January,  ber  3anuar. 
Jest,  ber  <Sd)erj. 
Jew,  ber  3ube. 
Joiner,  ber  (Sdjreiner, 


Journey,  bie  9?eife» 
Joy,  bie  $reube. 
Judge,  ber  $id)ter. 
Just,  adj.  gered)t,  frittia. ; 


adv.  efcert. 


Keep,  fatten ;  bitten. 

Key,  ber  <Sd)IitffeL 

Kidglove,  bcr  ©lacefjanbfdwl). 

Kind,  adj.  gut,  gittig,  liebreid),  freunb* 

ltd). 
Kind,  noun  bie  5Xrt;  bie  33efd)affen1jeit; 

what  —  of  a,  road  fur  ein,  eine, 

eitte? 


Kindness,  bie  ©ute,  v 

King,  ber  ilonig. 
Kingdom,  bad  iftmigretd). 
Kiss,  ber  5!uJ. 
Knife,  bad  Sfteffer. 
Knight,  ber  fitter. 
Know,  roiffen ;  fenncn ;  fonnert. 
Known,  kt'armt. 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


37: 


L. 


Labor,  tie  STroeit. 

Laborer,  bcr  $rkiter. 

Lack,  ber  Mangel ;  there  is  a  —  of, 
cd  mangclt  an. 

Lady,  bic  Dame. 

Land,  bad  £anb;  -ecape,  bie  Sanb* 
fd)aft. 

Language,  bie  <Sprad)e. 

Large,  grog. 

Last,  bcr,  bic,  bad  Ce^te,  SSorige;  — 
week,  »orige  2Bod)e ;  —  nigbt,  ge  flern 
Slbenb. 

Late,  fpdt,  furjlid). 

Law,  baa  ®efe£. 

Lay,  legen. 

Lazy,  trdge,  faul. 

Lead-pencil,  bcr  23IeifKffc. 

Leader,  ber  gufjrer. 

Leaf,  bad  Start. 

Leap,  fpringen,  t)upfen. 

Learn,  ternen,  erfar)ren. 

Learned,  geler)rt. 

Leather,  bad  Seber. 

Leave,  laffen,  tterlaffen. 

Left,  tint 

Length,  bic  Sdnge. 

Less,  roeniger,  minber. 

Lesson,  bie  Seftioru 

Let,  laffen. 

Letter,  ber  33ud)ftak;  ber  Srtef ;  -pa- 
per, bad  Sriefpapier. 


Library,  bie  33ioliott}ef. 

Lie,  liegen. 

Life,  bad  Se&en. 

Lighten,  blijjen. 

Lightning,  ber  33Iifj. 

Like,  g(eid),  roie ;  the  — ,  bergleid)en. 

Like,  mogen,  liekn. 

Lily,  bie  Silie. 

Linen,  bie  Seinroanb. 

Lion,  ber  Sijroe. 

Literature,  bie  Siteratur. 

Little,  fletn,  roenig. 

Live,  leben,  rooljnen. 

Load,  belaben. 

Lofty,  t)od). 

Long,  adj.  Iang ;  adv.  Iang,  lange. 

Long,  fid)  fet)nen. 

Look,  to  —  for,  fudjen. 

Looking-glass,  ber  (Spiegel. 

Lord,  ber  |>err. 

Lose,  serlieren;  to  —  the  way,  fid) 

tterirren. 
Loss,  bcr  Serluft 
Lot,  bad  Seed. 
Loud,  Iaut. 

Love,  lieoen,  Tieo  fjakn. 
Love,  bie  i*iebe. 
Low,  niebrig. 
Low,  oritlten,  fclofen. 
Lucrative,  eintraglidj. 
Luggage,  bad  ©epacf. 


M. 


Make,  ntacfyen,  tterferttgen. 

Man,  bcr  5ftann,  ber  SWenfd). 

Matter,  ber  ©toff,  bic  Cad)e ;  what  is 

the  — ,  road  gibfd  ? 
Mattress,  bie  2J?atrafce. 
May,  ber  sJftai. 


Mayence,  !3J?ain$. 

Means,  bad  9fltttel ;  by  —  of,  mittelfr, 

ttcrmitteljr. 
Measure,  bad  5Wa§ ;  ber  Sflaj^ao. 
Measure,  meffen. 
Meat,  bad  $leifd). 


378 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


Mechanic,  ber  £cmbroerfer. 

Meet,  begegnen. 

Melt,  fcfymelgen. 

Mention,  ertt>dl)nen. 

Merchant,  ber  Haufmann. 

Meteoric  stones,  2fteteorfreine. 

Migrate,  nxmbent. 

Miller,  ber  Sflitller. 

Million,  bte  Million. 

Mindful,  etngcbenf. 

Mine,  ber,  bte,  ba3  meinige  or  metne. 

Minute,  bte  Minute. 

Miser,  ber  QkijljalS. 

Miserable,  elenb,  ungiucflid). 

Miserly,  geijtg. 

Mislay,  serlegen. 

Miss,  baS  grdulein. 

Moment,  ber  Slugenblicf. 

Money,  ba$  ©elb. 

Month,  ber  Sftonat. 


More,  meljr. 

Morning,  ber  Sftorgen ;  this  — ,  Ijeute 

SWorgen. 
Mosquito,  bte  SfloSquito. 
Most,  meiftenS,  am  metften ;  at  the  — , 

f>M)ften3. 
Mother,  bte  flutter. 
Mountain,  ber  23erg. 
Mouth,  ber  2Kunb ;  bad  SEKaut, 
Mow,  mdben. 
Mr.,  £err. 
Mrs.,  $va\x. 
Much,  aid. 
Munich,  2ftundjen. 
Musician,  ber  SonfitnjHer. 
Must,  mu(Ten,  fatten. 
Mutiny,  bte  SReuteret,  ber  Stufruljr. 
My,  meirt,  ntetne,  mettt. 
Myself,  id)  felbjl,  felbjl,  mitf). 


N. 


Nail,  ber  9?agel. 

Name,  ber  Sftame. 

Name,  nennen. 

Namely,  ndmlid). 

Narrow,  cnge. 

Native  country,  bad  $aterlanb. 

Near,  nal)e,  in  ber  9idfje  son. 

Need,  bebiirfen. 

Need,  in  —  of,  bebiirftig,  benottjtgr. 

Neighbor,  ber  $ad)bar. 

Neither,  aud)  nidjt ;  — . . .  nor,  roeber 

. . .  nod). 
Nephew,  ber  $effe. 
Nest,  bad  9?ejr. 
Never,  nie ;  mentals 


Nevertheless,  bennod),  bejjenungcad)tet, 

bod). 
New,  neu,  frifd). 
Next,  ndd)ft,  fotgenb. 
Night,  bie  9?ad)t. 
No,  nctn ;  fetn,  fetne,  fetn. 
Nobleman,  ber  Sbelmann. 
Nobody,  9?iemanb. 
None,  $ein,  Heine,  JleineS. 
Not,  ntcbt. 

Nothing,  SRi^W ;  —  but,  9?idjt3  ati. 
Notwithstanding,  ungead)tet,  trofc. 
Now,  nun,  jefct. 
Nutritious,  nafyrljaft. 


0. 


Oak,  bie  ©tdje. 
Oats,  ber  £afer. 


Obedience,  ber  ©etyorfanu 
Obey,  geljordjem 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


379 


Oblige,  *erpflid)tett,  jtotngen. 

Obstinate,  fyaldftarrig,  fyartnatfig. 

Occur,  fid)  ereignen. 

Of,  son,  bet,  aud),  iiber. 

Off,  son,  ah,  roeg,  fort. 

Offer,  btetcn,  barbieten ;  anbieten. 

Office,  bad  2lmt. 

Officer,  ber  Dfftjter. 

Often,  oft. 

Old,  alt. 

On,  auf,  an,  p,  in. 

Once,  einmat ;  einjl. 

One,  ein,  cine,  ein ;  (Siner,  Sine,  Sined ; 

man ;  -'■  self,  fid)"! 
Only,  nur. 

Oppose,  fid)  roiberfefcen. 
Opposite,  gegenitber. 


Or,  ober. 

Order,  ber  Sefefjt ;  in  —  to,  um  . .  ♦ 

?u. 
Other,  anber ;  -wise,  anberd. 
Our,  unfer,  unfere,  unfer. 
Ours,  unferer,  unfere,  unfered  ;  ber,  bie, 

bad  unfere  or  unfrige. 
Out  of,  au$. 
Over,    fiber ;     -coat,    ber   Ueberrod ; 

-come,    uberroinben ;    -flow,   fiber* 

flutfeen ;     -shoe,     ber    Ueberfd)ulj  ; 

-whelm,  fiberroattigen. 
Owe,  fdjulbig  fein. 
Owl,  bie  (Eule. 
Own,  eigen. 
Ox,  ber  Q$$,  ber  Ddjfe. 


Pain,  ber  Sd)mer$. 

Painter,  ber  9ftater. 

Painting,  bad  ©ematbe. 

Pair,  bad  $aar. 

Paper,  bad  papier. 

Parents,  bie  (Eltern. 

Part,  ber  £f/eil. 

Partly,  tr)eild. 

Past,  sorfiber. 

Path,  ber  g>fab. 

Pay,  j;ablen,  be^abjlen. 

Peasant,  ber  33auer. 

Pen,  bie  $eber;  -holder,  ber  $eber= 

falter. 
Pencil,  ber  SleifHft. 
People,  bad  23o(f,  bie  £eute. 
Perfect,  soflfommen, 
Persian,  ber  $erfer. 
Person,  bie  $erfon. 
Pestilence,  bie  $efh 
Photograph,  bie  ^otograptjie. 
Physical,  pb,»fifd). 
Physician,  ber  Slrjt. 


Piano,  bad  Easier. 

Picture,    bad    ©emdlbe,    bad   S3ilb; 

-book,  bad  ©ilberbud). 
Piece,  bad  ©tficf. 
Pit,  bie  ©rube. 
Pity,  bebauem. 
Place,  ber  $la&,  ber  Drt 
Plan,  ber  $))tan. 
Plane,  ber  £obet. 
Play,  fpielen. 
Pleasant,  angeneljm. 
Please,  gefatten ;  bitten. 
Pleasure,  bad  SSergnitgen. 
Point,  ber  $unft. 
Polite,  t>6ftid). 
Poor,  arm. 

Porcelain,  bad  gjorjetfan. 
Pork,  bad  <Sd)roeinefteifd). 
Possible,  moglid). 
Pound,  bad  $funb. 
Power,  bie  SWadjr. 
Powerful,  madjtig. 
Practice,  bie  ttebung. 


380 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


Praise,  bad  Soft. 

Praise,  loben. 

Prefer,  sorjte&en  ;  —  to  do,  to  make, 

liekr  tfmn,  licber  mad)en. 
Prejudice,  bad  S>orurtf)eiL 
Preposition,  bie  sprapojttfott. 
Pretty,  biibfd). 
Price,  ber  spreid. 
Prince,  ber  tyiiril. 
Prisoner,  ber  ©efangene. 
Probable,  wa^rfdjeinlid). 


Produce,  fkrttorbrtngen,  fdjaffett. 
Professor,  ber  sprofeffor. 
Promise,  serfpred)en. 
Pronounce,  audfpred)en. 
Proud,  jiolj,  ^oc^mut^ig. 
Prudence,  bie  £lugt)eiL 
Prudent,  flug. 
Prussia,  $reu§en. 
Prussian,  ber  $Preupe. 
Panish,  ftrafcn,  beftraferu 
Purchaser,  ber  $aufer. 


a 


Questionable,  jrcetfefljaft  5   it  is  — ,  I  Quicksilver,  bad  Quetffitber. 
ed  fragt  ftdj.  I  Quire,  bad  23ud)  (papier). 


Rage,  toutyen. 

Railroad,  bie  (Eifenbafyn;  -map, 

(Stfenba&nfarte. 
Rain,  ber  $eo,en. 
Raise,  erbeben. 
Rank,  ber  9tang. 
Rapid,  fc^nett,  gefd)tttnb,  rafdj. 
Read,  lefen. 

Reading-book,  bad  2efebud). 
Real,  ttirflid). 
Reasonable,  biflig. 
Receive,  empfangen,  erfjalten. 
Recently,  neulid). 
Recommend,  empfeljten. 
Recover,  ftd)  erfyolen. 
Red,  rotfj. 

Reference,  ber  ffiejug. 
Refresh,  auffrifd)eit,  erquicfen. 
Refuse,  fid)  weigern. 
Rejoice,  ftd)  freuen. 
Remain,  bleiben. 


bie 


Remarkable,  bemerfendfoerrt>,  merfttmr* 

big. 

Remember,  ftd)  erirmern. 

Rent,  ntietben. 

Repeat,  tvieber^olen* 

Repose,  bie  9hif)e,  ber  <3d)laf. 

Representative,  ber  $eprafentant. 

Reputation,  ber  9tuf, 

Reside,  fto'ljneiu 

Rest,  bie  fftxfyt. 

Retire,  fid)  jurutf jieljen. 

Reward,  belobtteit. 

Reward,  bie  23e(oljmmg. 

Ribbon,  bad  SBanb. 

Rich,  reid). 

Riddle,  bad  3t  Wet. 

Ride,  reiten  ;  fabren  ;  to  —  on  horse- 
back, reitett. 

Ridicule,  ldd)erlid)  ma$m ;  fpotten. 

Right,  red)t ;  to  be  — ,  9ted)t  Ijaben. 

Ring,  ber  9img. 


'C^7 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


381 


Ripe,  reif. 

Ripen,  reifeit. 

Rise,  auffrel)crt.     . 

River,  ber  $Iu§. 

Road,  tie  ©tra§e,  ber  SBeg. 

Rob,  fccraufcen. 

Robbery,  bcr  9ta*$. 

Rock,  bcr  $elg,  ber  gfelfen. 

Rocking-chair,  ber  ©djaufelfhtljl. 

Roman,  ber  Corner. 

Rome,  diem. 


Roof,  bag  Qafy. 

Room,  bag  3tmmer. 

Rose,  bie  SRofe. 

Round,  runb. 

Rubber  overshoe,    ber   ©ummiitBer* 

Rule,  bie  SReget. 

Run,  remtert,  laufcn ;  to  —  away,  roeg* 

tftufen. 
Russia,  8hi§Ianb. 
Russian,  ber  Stuffe. 


S. 


Sad,  rraitrig. 

Saddler,  bcr  ©artier. 

Sailor,  ber  SWatrofc. 

Sailship,  bag  ©egelfdjiff. 

Sake,  for  the  —  of,  urn  .  .  .  rmftert. 

Same,  berfelbe,  biefelfte,  bagfelbe ;  ber^ 

jenige,  biejenige,  bagjenige. 
Saw,  bie  ©age. 
Say,  fagen. 
Scholar,  ber  ©d)iiler. 
School,  bit  ©d)ule;  -mate,  ber  W\U 

fdmler ;  -year,  bag  ©d)itljal)r. 
Scissors-grinder,  ber  ©d)eerenfd)(cifer. 
Sea,  bie  (See,  bag  fcr ;  at  — ,  auf  ber 

©ee,  gur  ©ee. 
Season,    bie   3al)regseit;    —  of  the 

year,  3af)reggeir. 
Seat,  bcr  ©it}. 
Second,  ber  bie,  bag  .Broctte. 
Secret,  gefyeim. 
See,  fefien. 
Seem,  fdjeirten. 
Seize,  ergreifen. 
Seldom,  feltett. 
Sell,  verfaufen. 
Send,  fenben,  fd)idcrt. 
Servant,  ber  Wiener. 
Several,  tterfdnebert,  ntetjrere. 
Shall,  roerben ;  fallen. 
Sharp,  fd}arf. 


She,  fie ;  biejenige,  bie. 

Shear,  fd)crcn. 

Sheep,  bag  ©d)af. 

Shepherd,  ber  ©djafer. 

Ship,  bag  ©djiff. 

Shoe,  ber  ©cfyufj. 

Shoot,  fd)ie§en. 

Shore,  bag  lifer,  tag  ©eftabe. 

Short,  furj. 

Show,  geigen. 

Sick,  franf. 

Side,  bie  ©eire ;  on  this  — ,  biegfeitg  ; 

on  that  — ,  on  the  other  — ,  jenfeitg. 
Siege,  bie  Selagerung. 
Silk,  bie  ©eibe. 
Silver,  bag  ©itt>er. 
Similar,  abnlid). 
Since,  feit,  feitbem. 
Sinful,  funb^aft. 
Sing,  firtgert. 

Singer,  ber  ©anger ;  bie  ©angerin. 
Single,  eirtgig. 
Sink,  finfert. 
Sir,  mein  £err. 
Sister,  bie  ©d)ttjefler. 
Sit,  ftfcen. 

Situation,  bie  Cage. 
Skilful,  gefd)idt. 
Slate,  bie  ©d)ieferiafe( ;  -pencil,  ber 

©riffel. 


382 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


Sleep,  f deafen. 

Slow,  Icmgfam. 

Small,  flein. 

Smile,  Ictcfyeln,  Iadjen. 

Smpke,  raucfyen. 

Snow,  ber  ©dmee. 

So,  fo. 

Soap,  bie  <Seife. 

Sojourn,  ber  2lufentf)aU. 

Soldier,  ber  <5elbat. 

Some,  einiger,  cinige,  einigeS ;  —  one, 

3emanb  ;  -body,  3emanb  ;  -thing, 

GtroaS  ;  -times,  guroeilen,  mituntcr ; 

-what,  ein  roenig,  etroaS. 
Son,  ber  ©ofyn. 
Song,  ber  ©efang,  baS  iiieb. 
Soon,  batb  ;  as  —  as,  fobalb  aU. 
Sorry,  traurig ;  I  am  -  e£  tlt)ut  mir 

leib. 
Soul,  bie  <3eete. 
Sour,  fauer,  bitter. 
South,  ber  Ci.ben;  —America,  ©fib* 

amerifa. 
Spain,  ©panten. 
Spanish,  fpanifdj. 
Speak,  fprecfcn. 
Spirituous,  geiftig. 
Spite,  in  —  of,  trofc,  ungeadjtet. 
Split,  fpalten. 
Spring,  fpringen. 
Spring,  ber  $ritf)Iing. 
Stairs,  bie  Sreppe;  down  — ,  unten, 

fyinunter ;  up  — ,  oben,  §incwf. 
Stand,  jtefyen. 
State,  ber  <3taat. 
Stay,  Meikn. 
Steal,  ftefjlen. 

Steamship,  baS  Dampffdjifjf. 
Steel,  ber  <5taf>l. 
Steep,  jat)e,  fteit. 
Stephen,  ©tepfyan;  -'s  church,  Ste* 

pfjanSfirdje. 
Still,  nod). 
Stung,  jledjen. 


Stinging-fly,  <3ted)fliege. 

Stone,  ber  (Stein. 

Stony,  fteinig. 

Storm,  ber  (Sturm,  ba<3  ©emitter. 

Story,  bie  ©efd)id)te,  ba$  2ftdf)rd)en. 

Stove,  ber  Dfen. 

Stranger,  ber  $rcmbe,  ber  trembling. 

Strasburg,  <Stra§burg. 

Strawberry,  bie  ©rbbeere. 

Straw-hat,  ber  <Strol)fyut. 

Stream,  ber  (Strom. 

Street,  bie  <Stra§e. 

Strength,  bie  ©tdrfe,  bie  $raft. 

Strike,  fd)lagcn. 

Strive,  ftreiten,  fdmpfen. 

Strong,  flarf. 

Study,  fiubiren. 

Sublime,  erfmocn,  food). 

Subordinate,  untergeorbnet. 

Succeed,  gelingen. 

Such,  folder,  fold)e,  foldjeg ;  ber,  bie, 
bad ;  —  as,  folcfye,  roeldje  or  fo!d)e,  bie. 

Suffer,  leiben. 

Sugar,  ber  3ucfer ;  -maple,  ber  Bucfer* 
ahoxn. 

Suit,  gefatfen. 

Sultry,  fd)ttntf. 

Sun,  bie  Sonne ;  -shine,  <Sonnenfd)ein. 

Superior,  iikrlegen. 

Sure,  fid)er,  geroift. 

Surprise,  iiberrafdjen ;  to  be  sur- 
prised, (id)  rounbern. 

Surrender,  fid)  ergeben. 

Suspected,  »erbad)tig. 

Sustain,  cm$f)alten. 

Swallow,  bie  (Sdjroalbe. 

Swede,  ber  (Sd)roebe. 

Swedish,  fd)roebifdj. 

Sweep,  fef)ren. 

Sweet,  fu§. 

Swell,  fd)Wetten. 

Swim,  fd)roimmen. 

Sword,  ba3  (Sdjroert. 


-f^  ~  /*'\stsv^  ^y<r*+>is  _  yv»^/*-^v-^v' 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


383 


Table,  ber  £ifd). 

Tailor,  ber  <Sd)neiber. 

Take,  nebmcn ;  to  —  away,  wegnef^ 

men ;  to  —  a  ride,  ftajiren  fafyren  ; 

to  —  a  walk,  fpajiren  geben ;  to  — 

a  cold,  fitf)  erfdtten ;  to  —  pains,  fid) 

>Mibe  geben;  to  —  part  in,  Sfjetl 

nebmen  on. 
Tale,  btc  (Srjdbjung,  bag  9fld()rd)en. 
Talk,  fpredjen,  rcben. 
Tea,  ber  £l)ce. 
Teach,  tebjen. 
Teacher,  ber  Seljrcr. 
Tear,  jerreipen. 
Tell,  fagen,  erjdfylen. 
Temperate,  mdtfig. 
Than,  aid. 
That,  .prwi.  jener,  jene,  jened  ;  berjenige, 

bicjenige,  badjemge ;    ber,  bie,  bad ; 

roeldjer,  reetcfye,  roetdjed ;  c  ba§,  bamit. 
The,  art.  ber,  bie,  bad ;  adv.  je,  bejto, 

um  fo. 
Theft,  ber  DiebjlaM. 
Their,  ibr,  ibre,  tbr. 
Theirs,  ber,  bie,  bad  ibre  or  ifjrtge. 
Themselves,  felbfi,  ftd). 
Then,  bann,  barauf. 
There,  ba,  bafyin. 
Therefore,  bed^alb. 
Thermometer,  bad  Jbermometer. 
They,  fie,  taejenigen,  foldje. 
Thick,  bid. 
Thief,  ber  Dieb. 
Thin,  biinn. 

Thing,  bad  2)ing,  bie  (Sadje. 
Think,  benfen,  glauben. 
This,  biefer,  biefe,  biefed. 


Thou,  bu. 

Though,  bbfdjon,  obgleidj. 

Thought,  ber  ©ebanfe,  ber  ©inn. 

Through,  burd). 

Throw,  tterfcn. 

Thunder,  bonnern. 

Till,  bid. 

Time,  bie  Beit. 

Timid,  furd)tfam. 

Tired,  mitbe. 

To,  ju,  an,  nad),  auf ;  um  . . .  ju. 

To-day,  fyeute. 

To-morrow,    morgen ;    —  morning, 

morgen  friil). 
Too,  in. 

Toward,  gegen,  gen. 
Tower,  ber  £burm. 
Town,  bie  <3tabt. 
Traitor,  ber  SSerrdttyer. 
Travel,  reifen,  geben. 
Traveler,  ber  SKeifenbe. 
Treason,  ber  SSerratf). 
Treat,  befyanbeln. 
Tree,  ber  33aum. 
Trouble,  bcmiiben,  betriiben. 
Trouble,  bie  SWitfye,  bie  S3efd)roerbe. 
Troublesome,  laftig. 
True,  tren,  roaljr. 
Trunk,  ber  Coffer. 
Try,  »crfud)en. 
Turk,  ber  £iirfe. 
Turkey,  ber  Srutbaljn. 
Turn,  breljen,  fid)  breljen. 
Turtle-dove,  bie  Surteltaube. 
Twenty,  jroanjig. 
Tyranny,  bie  Uprannei, 
Tyrant,  ber  S^rann. 


U. 


Ugly,  fjdfjlid). 

Umbrella,  ber  9eegenfd)irm. 


Unaccustomed,  ungeroobnt. 
Unbleached,  ungeb(eid)t. 


384 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


Uncle,  ber  DnM,  bcr  Dfieim. 
Under,  untcr. 
Understand,  serfiebcn. 
Undertake,  unternefymen. 
Unfavorable,  ungimftig. 
Unhappy,  unglucfltd). 
United  States,  atacmtgte  ©taaterw 
Unknown,  unbefannt. 


Unpleasant,  unangeneljm. 

Until,  bit. 

Unto,  auf. 

Unwell,  unroo^l. 

Up,  fyinauf,  fyerauf. 

Upon,  auf. 

Upstart,  ber  (Emporfommlmg. 

Useful,  nufcltd). 


Vain,  cttet. 
Valiant,  tapfer,  Tutyn. 
Valley,  bag  Sbal. 
Velvet,  bcr  (Sammet. 
Venture,  wagetu 
Very,  feljr. 
Vest,  bie  SBefte. 
Vicinity,  bie  SRadj&arfcfyafr. 


Vienna,  SBien. 
Village,  bag  3)orf. 
Virtue,  bie  £ugenb 

ttermoge. 
Visit,  befudjett. 
Voice,  bie  <Stimme. 
Volume,  ber  33anb. 


by  —  of,  fraft, 


W. 


Wagon,  ber  SSagen. 

Wait,  roarten. 

Waiter,  ber  Miter. 

Wake,  rcacben. 

Walk,  ber  ©pa&iergang  ;  to  take  a  — , 

einen  (5pa,$iergang  mad)en. 
Walking,  bag  ©eljett. 
Wall,  bie  2ftauer. 

Want,  ber  Mangel ;  in  —  of,  bebiirftig. 
War,  ber  $rieg. 
Ware,  bie  SSaare. 
Warm,  rr>arnt. 
Warning,  bie  SBarmmg. 
Wash,  ttafcben. 
Waste,  »erfd)roenben. 
Watch,  bie  Ufa  bie  £afd)emtbr. 
Watchful,  n>ad)fam. 
Water,  bag  2Baffer. 
Watering-place,  ber  33abeort, 
We,  roir. 
Wealth,  ber  9teid)tbum. 


Weary,  mi'tbe. 

Weather,  bag  SSetter. 

Week,  bie  2Bod)e. 

Weight,  bag  ©ettridjt. 

Well,  nwfcl ;  gut ;  as  —  as,  foroo^t . , . 

ale. 
What?  reag?   r»e(d)er?  tteldje?  XotU 

d)eg  ?  roag  fur  em  ?  eine  ?  em  ? 
Wheat,  ber  SBeigen. 
Wheel,  bag  $ab. 
When,  roann,  roemt ;  alg,  ba. 
Where?  tto?  rooljm? 
Whether,  ob. 
Which?    rceldjer?    tteld)e?   tt)eTd)eg? 

ber,  bie,  bag. 
While,  tt>af)renb. 
White,  roei§. 

Who?  »er?  tt?eld)er?  tt?eld)e?  tteldjeg? 
Whole,  gan$. 
Why?  roarum? 
Wide,  breit. 


ENGLISH-GERMAN    VOCABULARY. 


385 


Wife,  bit  $rau,  bie  Sbefrau. 

Wild,  »Ub. 

Will,  ttoUen ;  «**.  tterben. 

William,  ©ilbelm. 

Wind,  ber  2Binb. 

Window,  baS  gcnfler. 

Winter,    ber   ©inter;    -month,   ber 

SBintermonat. 
Wise,  roeife. 
Wish,  wunfdjen. 
With,  mir,  buret),  bet,  sor. 
Within,  in. 
Without,  obne. 
Woman,  bie  $rau. 
Wood,  bad  #olj. 
Woods,  ber  malb ;  ba$  ©eb,olje. 


Wooden,  botjern. 

Word,  ba$  2Bort. 

Work,  arbeiten. 

Work,  bie  Arbeit ;  ba$  2Berf ;  -man, 

ber  Slrbeiter. 
World,  bie  2Belt. 
Worthy,  roiirbig. 
Wound,  bie  SBunbe. 
Wrapping-paper,  bad  §)acfpa}rier. 
Write,  febreiben. 
Writing-hook,  ba#  <5d)reibfjeft. 
Writing-paper,  bad  <3d)reibpapier. 
Writing-tahle,  ber  <Sd)reibtifdj. 
Wrong,  ungered)t,  fatfd) ;  to  he  — ,  ttn« 

red)t  fjaben. 


Y. 


Yard,  bie 

Year,  bag  3ab,r. 

Yellow,  gelb. 

Yes,  ja. 

Yesterday,  geftern ;   day  before 

ttorgeftern. 
Yet,  nod) ;  not  — ,  nod)  nid)t. 
Yonder,  bort. 
You,  ibj ;  bu ;  @ic. 
Young,  jung* 


Your,  euer,  eure,  euer ;  bein,  beine,  bein 

3br,  3$re,  3fer. 
Yours,  eurer,  eure,  eureS ;  beiner,  beine, 

beined ;  Sfjrer,  3f)re,  3ftre3 ;  ber,  bie, 

bad  eure,  beine,  3b,re  or  eurige,  beinige 

Sljrige. 
Yourself,  ifjr,  bu,  @ie;   felbjl;   eud) 

bid);  fid). 
Youth,  bie  3ugenb. 


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DEC    4  Ml 

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